College of Life Sciences and Agriculture

Andrew A. Rosenberg, Dean
Patricia D. Bedker, Associate Dean
William R. Trumble, Associate Dean
Suzanne J. Booska, Educational Assistant

Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Department of Microbiology
Department of Natural Resources
     Environmental Conservation
     Forestry
     Soil Science
     Water Resources Management
     Wildlife Management
Department of Plant Biology
Department of Resource Economics and Development
Department of Zoology

Bachelor of Arts
Plant Biology
Zoology

Bachelor of Science
Animal Sciences
   Bioscience and Technology
   Equine Sciences
   Preveterinary Medicine
Biochemistry
Biology
   Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Biology
   General Biology
   Marine and Freshwater Biology
   Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Community Development
Dairy Management
Environmental and Resource Economics
Environmental Conservation
   Environmental Affairs
   Environmental Science
Environmental Horticulture
General Studies
Medical Laboratory Science
Microbiology
Nutritional Sciences
Plant Biology
Soil Science
Tourism Planning and Development
Water Resources Management
Wildlife Management
Zoology

Bachelor of Science in Forestry
Forestry
   Forest Management
   Forest Science

The objectives of the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture are to give students a fundamental education in the biological, natural, and social sciences and to introduce them to the arts and humanities. In addition, advanced technical and professional courses are offered to prepare students for graduate school or entry-level positions in areas concerned with improving the quality of life. Preparation can vary from fundamental studies of cancer cells to community-service planning, resource protection to genetic engineering, and career teaching to molecular biology and biotechnology.

A blend of the basic and applied aspects of life sciences and agriculture, coupled with careful selection of supportive courses, ensures graduates the background and experiences necessary to be competitive in the job market. Potential employers include federal, state, and local governments; consulting firms; and industrial organizations. Graduates are employed as watershed, soil, and natural resource managers; associates in biomedical and agricultural research laboratories; marketing analysts and extension specialists; nutrition supervisors and environmental regulators; and information educators and communications experts.

Community governments employ graduates as service planners and land-use specialists, teachers in traditional and vocational education, public health technicians, and urban pest control specialists.

Positions are available in private and commercial organizations in production agriculture, food processing, landscaping, agribusiness, sales, and private planning. Graduates may also pursue entrepreneurial careers as greenhouse, nursery, farm, and natural resource managers; or as consultants, arborists, and environmental planners.

For those graduates with international aspirations, the Peace Corps and the Foreign Agriculture Service employ farm production experts, soil and water managers, market analysts, agricultural engineers, teachers, plant and animal breeders, and nutrition specialists.

Additionally, departments prepare students for advanced study in their chosen field of interest where graduate study is required for attaining their career goals.

Degrees

The college offers three undergraduate degrees: the bachelor of arts, the bachelor of science, and the bachelor of science in forestry. Some of the courses prescribed in these degree programs partially fulfill the general education requirements. Students should see their adviser for specific information.

Bachelor of Arts

The bachelor of arts degree is available in plant biology and zoology. Students must accumulate 128 credits, attain a 2.00 cumulative grade-point average, satisfy general education requirements, and complete a foreign language requirement (see Degree Requirements under University Academic Requirements for specific B.A. language requirements). Check individual departmental listings for specific major requirements and minimum acceptable grades in major courses.

Bachelor of Science

The bachelor of science degree is available in all departments or programs except forestry. University requirements are the same as for the bachelor of arts degree, except that a foreign language is not required and minimum acceptable grades may differ in some programs. Check individual departmental or program listings for specific major requirements.

Bachelor of Science in Forestry

The bachelor of science in forestry is a professional, designated degree available to students majoring in forestry. (See Forestry for major requirements.) General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.

Advising System

A member of the faculty whose area of interest is closely related to the student's is appointed as an adviser to assist the undergraduate in planning his or her academic program. Further advising is also available in the dean's office, Taylor Hall.

Undeclared Status

Students may select a major upon entering the college or may wait until registration for the sophomore year. Students who are uncertain about choosing a specific major may remain undeclared during their freshman year. In most cases they should take the following courses, after which they should be ready to declare a major:

Fall, Spring
CHEM 403, CHEM 404
BIOL 411, BIOL 412
General education requirement, MATH 424B, General education requirement
LSA 400, An introductory course in any department in the college

Undeclared freshmen should explore possible majors by taking courses in the areas or programs that interest them most. They should talk to faculty, students, and their adviser concerning requirements, job opportunities, etc., in the various programs and should be prepared to declare a major when they register for the first semester of the sophomore year.

Combined Programs of Study

In addition to pursuing a single major, students may combine programs of study (check University Academic Requirements for more information; page numbers below refer to the printed catalog).

Minors: See page 18.
Second Majors: See page 18.
Dual-Degree Programs: See page 18.
Student-Designed Majors: See page 101.
Other combined and interdisciplinary opportunities: See page 98.

Interdisciplinary Minors

Agribusiness

The agribusiness minor is designed to provide students in disciplines other than environmental and resource economics training in the economics and management of agricultural and other natural resource business firms. This program prepares students to work for private companies, governmental agencies or nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations. Students who are interested in operating their own business will also find this minor very useful. The courses in the agribusiness minor emphasize the applications of economic and business management principles.

Required
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives
EREC 501, Agricultural and Natural Resource Product Marketing
or
MKTG 550, Survey of Marketing
EREC 504, Business Management for Natural Resource Firms
EREC 606, Land-use Economics
EREC 715, Linear Programming and Quantitative Models

For additional information, contact Alberto B. Manalo, Environmental and Resource Economics Program Coordinator, 309 James Hall, (603) 862-3917.

Community Planning

Land use and its impact on the quality of life has emerged as a major policy issue in New Hampshire, as well as at the national and global levels. Planning is a multidisciplinary profession that requires people who understand the technical tools and social concepts required to guide the selection and implementation of alternative schemes compatible with long term environmental and economic objectives. Students may supplement their major and general education course requirements with specific courses that will enhance their ability to find employment that requires knowledge of planning concepts and tools used in the formulation and implementation of effective land and resource planning by government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private business firms.

Required
Group I-Theory and practice of planning (both courses required) CD 614, Community Planning (prereq: EREC 411)
CD 777, Fundamentals and Practice of Community Planning (prereq: CD 614)

Group II-Tools and applications in planning (choose two) CIE 505, Surveying (coreq: MATH 426)
NR 757, Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry
NR 760, Geographic Information Systems in Natural Resources
SOIL 609, Soils and Community Planning
or
WARM 603, Watershed Water Quality Management (prereq: WARM 504 or permission)
SOC 660, Rural-Urban Sociology
or
GEOG 590, Introductory Cartography

Group III-Resource management theory (choose one) CD 717, Law of Community Planning
ECON 641, Public Economics (prereq: ECON 401, ECON 605, or permission)
POLT 502, State and Local Government
EREC 606, Land-use Economics
EREC 627, Community Economics and Finance (prereq: EREC 411 or equivalent)
EREC 756, Rural and Regional Economic Development (prereq: ECON 605)
TOUR 767, Social Impact Assessment

Group IV-Additional complementary electives (optional) CD 794, Community Planning Internship
GEOG 582, Economic Geography
GEOG 583, Urban Geography

For additional information, contact Professor Edmund Jansen Jr., Community Development Program Coordinator, 319 James Hall.

Genetics

The interdepartmental program in genetics involves faculty from the departments of animal and nutritional sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, microbiology, plant biology, and zoology. Course descriptions can be found in the genetics entry on page 166 of this catalog, as well as in the listings of the cooperating departments. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in genetics are offered through the Graduate School. An undergraduate major in genetics is not currently offered. Undergraduates interested in genetics can pursue a minor (see requirements below). Students interested in preparing for graduate work in genetics should contact the chairperson of the genetics program early in their undergraduate careers for advice on courses.

Genetics Minor
Completion of 20 credits from the following courses is required for a minor in genetics. At least one course should be selected from each of the subdisciplines listed below. Three (or more) credits of GEN 795, Investigations in Genetics, may be counted as one course toward fulfillment of the minor.

Transmission Genetics
GEN 702, Genetics Lab (prereq: BIOL 604)
GEN 706, Human Genetics
GEN 722, Immunogenetics
GEN 753, Cytogenetics (prereq: BIOL 604)

Molecular Genetics
GEN 711, Genetics of Eukaryotic Microbes (prereq: MICR 503; BIOL 604)
GEN 715, Molecular Evolution (prereq: BIOL 604)
GEN 754, Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nucleic Acids (prereq: BCHM 658/659 or 751; or by permission)
GEN 771, Molecular Genetics (prereq: BCHM 658 or 751; BIOL 604)
GEN 774, Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (prereq: BIOL 604)
GEN 782, Developmental Genetics (prereq: BIOL 604; BCHM 658 or 751)

Population and Quantitative Genetics
GEN 705, Population Genetics (prereq: BIOL 604)
GEN 723, Quantitative Genetics (prereq: BIOL 604)

Marine Biology

The minor in Marine Biology, available to all students in the University, consists of 20 credits with grades of C- or better and no pass/fail courses.

Introductory course (choose one)
ESCI 501, Introduction to Oceanography
ZOOL 503, Introduction to Marine Biology
ZOOL 674, Field Marine Science

Interest concentration courses (choose four)
ANSC 623, Comparative Histology
BCHM 702, Endocrinology
EC 610, Coastal and Oceanic Law and Policy
EREC 611, Marine Resource Economics
ESCI 501, Introduction to Oceanography
MICR 707, Marine Microbiology
MICR 714, Water Pollution Microbiology
PBIO 625, Introduction to Marine Botany
PBIO 721, The Microscopic Algae
PBIO 722, Marine Phycology
PBIO 725, Marine Ecology
PBIO 727, Algal Physiology
TECH 797, Undergraduate Ocean Research Program
ZOOL 474, Introduction to Field Marine Science
ZOOL 628, Marine Invertebrate Evolution and Ecology
ZOOL 674, Field Marine Science
ZOOL 710, Ichthyology
ZOOL 711, Zooplankton Ecology
ZOOL 712, Mammalogy
ZOOL 720, Marine Biology for Teachers
ZOOL 722, Ecology of Marine Fishes
ZOOL 725, Marine Ecology
ZOOL 730, Underwater Research
ZOOL 750, Biological Oceanography
ZOOL 751, Experimental Marine Ecology
ZOOL 753, Marine Vertebrates
ZOOL 772, Fisheries Biology
ZOOL 775, Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates
ZOOL 795, Underwater Research

Plant Pest Management

The Plant Pest Management minor provides a broad, but comprehensive, foundation in the concepts and practices employed in managing the major groups of pests that affect agricultural crops. It covers both the integrated pest management systems used in modern agriculture in developed countries and the agricultural practices used in developing countries. It is designed for students majoring in plant biology with career interests in commercial agriculture, agricultural industries, agricultural consulting, USDA regulatory service, economic entomology, plant pathology, integrated pest management, or Cooperative Extension. It also provides a strong background for students interested in pursuing advanced degrees required for these areas.

Required
PBIO 651, Plant Pathology
PBIO 726, Integrated Pest Management

Select Three
BIOL 541, General Ecology
NR 412, Introductory Entomology
ZOOL 530, Principles of Applied Entomology
FOR 506, Forest Entomology
PBIO 706, Biology of Weeds
PBIO 708, Biology of Weeds Lab
PBIO 752, Mycology

Further information may be obtained from the chairperson of the Plant Biology Department or any instructor teaching one of the required courses listed above.

Sustainable Living

Issues of sustainable living involve every aspect of life. To learn about sustainable living, a community and bioregional context is desirable. The student must be aware of environmental issues and problems, have an understanding of ecology, increase his or her capacity to think about complex problems, and have hands-on learning experiences to approach effectiveness in sustainable living. Students taking the sustainable living minor will, at minimum, take the courses listed below. Courses should be taken in roughly the order listed.

Required
EC 535, Contemporary Conservation Issues and Environmental Awareness or FOR 502, The Endangered Forest, or equivalent
BIOL 541, General Ecology, or
FOR 527, Forest Ecology, or equivalent
EC 784, Sustainable Living
EC 785, Systems Thinking for Sustainable Living

Choose one of the following
AOE 630, Development of Food and Fiber in Third-World Countries
EC 720, International Environmental Politics and Policies for the 21st Century
EC 724, Resolving Environmental Conflicts
EC 725, Environmental Communications and Advocacy
ECON 607, Ecological Economics
GEOG 673, Environmental Geography
PBIO 407, Sustainable Gardening (summers only)
PBIO 682, Sustainable Food Systems
SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences
WARM 504, Freshwater Resources
WARM 719, Wetlands Mitigation and Restoration
(Other course selections must be approved by Dr. Eckert)

Choose one of the following
EC 601, Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Living Internship
EC 687, Internship in Sustainable Living
EC 703, Applied Environmental Philosophy

For additional information please contact Dr. Robert Eckert, Natural Resources Department, James Hall.

Wetland Ecology

Students in biology, environmental horticulture, environmental conservation, forestry, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, and wildlife management should consider obtaining a minor in wetland ecology. There is a strong demand among consulting firms, and state and federal agencies for employees with a knowledge and experience in wetland soils, vegetation, and hydraulic functions. Fulfilling the requirements of this minor in combination with one of the above bachelor programs will enhance employment opportunities with these agencies.

Required
WARM 504, Freshwater Resources or
WARM 603, Watershed Water Quality Management
WARM 711, Wetland Resource Management
WARM 716, Wetland Delineation,
or
WARM 718, Wetland Evaluation,
or
WARM 719, Wetlands Mitigation and Restoration,
or
ZOOL 708, Stream Ecology

Recommended
FOR 425, Field Dendrology
SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences
SOIL 601, Field Description of Soils
SOIL 611, Soils and Environmental Quality
SOIL 704, Soil Genesis and Classification
PBIO 566, Systematic Botany
PBIO 625, Introduction to Marine Botany
PBIO 721, The Microscopic Algae
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
EOS 713, Biogeochemical Dynamics
ZOOL 725, Marine Ecology


Programs of Study


Adult and Occupational Education

(For program description, see College of Liberal Arts.)

Courses

Animal Sciences

Chairperson: William E. Berndtson
Professors: William E. Berndtson, William A. Condon, Thomas P. Fairchild, Thomas L. Foxall, Charles G. Schwab, Samuel C. Smith, Robert L. Taylor, Jr.
Adjunct Professors: Ronald E. Rompalla, Martin Stokes
Associate Professors: Patricia D. Bedker, Elizabeth P. Boulton, Paul C. Tsang
Adjunct Associate Professor: Arthur F. Stucchi
Assistant Professors: Janet C. Briggs, Peter S. Erickson, David H. Townson
Adjunct Assistant Professors: Larry Bush, Donald Collins, Paul F. Cotter, Wendell Davis, Carroll J. Jones, Eugene J. Rogers, Glenn T. Shwaery
Senior Veterinary Pathologist: Roger E. Wells

Courses

The undergraduate animal sciences program at UNH provides students with fundamental and applied education in nutrition, reproduction, genetics, physiology, pathology, cell biology, and large animal management. Courses are offered in all areas of dairy and light horse production.

The Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences is housed in Kendall Hall, a modern five-story animal research facility. This building houses the New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab; an electron microscopy facility; and nutrition, physiology, and cell culture labs, all of which provide opportunities for students interested in basic animal sciences. The department maintains a light horse center and offers an equine program with courses in management, equine diseases, equine discipline, physical performance, and horsemanship specializing in dressage and combined training. Dairy facilities include housing for more than one hundred milking-age cows in the new $1.6-million Dairy Teaching and Research Center. Miniature swine are maintained at the Burley-Demerritt farm. Extensive poultry facilities also permit research and work experience in poultry science.

The animal sciences program offers two majors: animal science--with options in (1) equine sciences, (2) bioscience and technology, and (3) preveterinary medicine--and dairy management. In addition to satisfying the specific requirements of these majors or options, all animal science and dairy management majors must complete the University general education requirements. The department also offers a program in nutritional sciences.

The equine sciences option is intended to prepare students for a career in the equine industry. While the basic curriculum for this option provides students with the fundamental background in the equine sciences, preparation in a particular area of specialization is achieved by choosing courses from one of the following two areas of concentration: equine industry equestrian management or equine industry agribusiness management.

Students in the bioscience and technology option often specialize in nutrition, reproduction, genetics, or cell biology. This curriculum prepares students for advanced training in graduate school programs or in various medical professions; entry-level positions in biomedical, biotechnical, pharmaceutical, and other scientific companies; or technical positions in many research and medical units.

The preveterinary medicine option is designed to meet the academic requirements of most veterinary schools. Requirements may be met within three years, allowing students to apply to veterinary school during their senior year. However, most students finish their senior year, thus allowing more time for electives, concentration in areas of secondary interest, and completion of graduation requirements.

Employers in agriculture prefer to hire an agricultural graduate with extensive knowledge in a related field (e.g., computer science) rather than a graduate in one of these areas with no knowledge of agriculture. Hence, animal science students are encouraged to obtain training in a field that complements study in animal sciences. Such areas may include cell biology, biotechnical skills, communications, computer science, education, or business. This is generally accomplished by either taking a concentration of courses or obtaining a minor in a "specialty" area. Attainment of sufficient training in a "specialty" area enhances opportunity for employment. A careers course is offered to help students select and prepare for a particular career area.

Development of optional career goals is important for preveterinary students. Admission to schools of veterinary medicine is highly competitive. Therefore, students in this option are urged to prepare for alternative careers as they complete preveterinary requirements.

All animal science majors are required to complete ANSC 406; CHEM 403-404; and ENGL 501, 503, or 519. In addition, the requirements in one of the three following options must also be completed:

Equine Sciences Option
ANSC 511-512; EREC 411 or ECON 402; BIOL 528 or PSYC 402 or SOC 502; ANSC 404, 609, 612, 620, 622, 625, 697, 600 or 796; two 700-level ANSC courses; and at least five courses from one of the following two groups: (A1.) Equine Industry Equestrian Management Group: ANSC 507, 604, 653-654; KIN 501; CMN 500 or MGT 580; EREC 501 or MKTG 550, EREC 504; DCE 491-492 or CS 401. (A2.) Equine Industry Agribusiness Management Group: ANSC 701, 724; EREC 501 or MKTG 550, EREC 504; DCE 491-492 or CS 401, MGT 580 and MGT 713.

Bioscience and Technology Option
BIOL 411-412; PHYS 401-402; MATH 424B; BIOL 528; MICR 503 or BIOL 541; ANSC 511-512 or ZOOL 518 and 625/626; CHEM 545 or 651-652; BIOL 604; BCHM 658/659 or 751-752; ANSC 750 and three 700-level ANSC courses.

Preveterinary Medicine Option
BIOL 411-412; PHYS 401-402; MATH 424B; BIOL 528; MICR 503; ANSC 511-512; BIOL 604; CHEM 651/653 and 652/654; BCHM 658/659; ANSC 750 and one 700-level ANSC course.

(For course requirements for the B.S. degree in dairy management, see Dairy Management.)

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Chairperson: Clyde L. Denis
Professors: Clyde L. Denis, Thomas M. Laue, Samuel C. Smith, Stacia A. Sower, James A. Stewart
Research Professor: Vernon N. Reinhold
Associate Professors: John J. Collins, Rick H. Cote, Anita S. Klein, Andrew P. Laudano, William R. Trumble
Assistant Professor: G. Eric Schaller
Research Assistant Professor: Thomas P. Moody
Instructor: Carol G. Waghorne-Ferrucci

Courses

The field of biochemistry and molecular biology encompasses a broad range of the molecular life sciences, from biophysics and biochemistry to applied biology and medicine. The B.S. in biochemistry is based on a solid foundation in biology, chemistry, physics and math, along with advanced courses in molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics. The combined B.S.-M.S. degree program allows outstanding students with well-defined career plans to augment their bachelor's degree program with an intensive research program and graduate-level course work leading to the master's degree.

The department offers specialized training in the areas of molecular genetics, signal transduction, gene regulation, bioinformatics, molecular evolution, cancer biology, macromolecular interactions, glycoproteins, lipid metabolism, endocrinology, and reproductive physiology. Undergraduate students are encouraged to become involved in research projects sponsored by external granting agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and others.

Students interested in the biochemistry major should consult with the department chairperson or a faculty member as early as possible to ensure the most effective curricular planning.

For first-year students with a strong high school preparation in both chemistry and mathematics (including calculus), the following schedule is recommended:

Fall; Spring
BIOL 411, Principles of Biology; IBIOL 412, Principles of Biology II
CHEM 403, General Chemistry; ICHEM 404, General
Chemistry II
MATH 425, Calculus; IMATH 426, Calculus II
ENGL 401, Freshman English; General Education course

For first-year students lacking a strong background in chemistry and mathematics, the following schedule is recommended:

Fall; Spring
BIOL 411, Principles of Biology; IBIOL 412, Principles of Biology II
CHEM 403, General Chemistry; ICHEM 404, General Chemistry II
any course; MATH 424B, Calculus for Life Sciences
ENGL 401, Freshman English; General Education course

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry
The bachelor's degree in biochemistry consists of a set of core requirements (Group I) and a set of required electives from several subject areas (Groups II-VI):

I. All of the following
BIOL 411, 412, Principles of Biology I, II
CHEM 403, 404, General Chemistry I, II
MATH 425, 426, Calculus I, II
or
424B, Calculus for Life Sciences and BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I
MICR 503, General Microbiology
BIOL 604, Principles of Genetics
CHEM 547/549 and 548/550, Organic Chemistry
or
CHEM 651/653 and 652/654, Organic Chemistry
or
CHEM 545/546, Organic Chemistry and BCHM 658/659, General Biochemistry
PHYS 401, 402, Introduction to Physics I, II
or
407, 408, General Physics I, II
CHEM 517, Quantitative Analysis
BCHM 751-752, Principles of Biochemistry
BCHEM 755, Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

II. One of the following molecular biology courses
BCHM 711, Genetics of Eukaryotic Microbes
BCHM 765, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Plants
BCHM 771, Molecular Genetics
BCHM 782, Developmental Genetics

III. One of the following biochemistry courses
BCHM 750, Physical Biochemistry,
or
CHEM 683, 684, Physical Chemistry I, II
BCHM 760, Cellular Signaling Processes
BCHM 763, Biochemistry of Cancer
BCHM 764, Membrane Biochemistry
BCHM 794, Protein Structure and Function

IV. One of the following cell and organismal biology courses
BCHM 702, Endocrinology
BIOL 605, Eukaryotic Cell and Developmental Biology
ZOOL 777, Neurobiology and Behavior

V. One of the following laboratory techniques courses
BCHM 754, Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nucleic Acids,
or
799, Senior Thesis (4 cr.)
or
795, Investigations in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (4 cr.)
ANSC 714, Research Methods in Endocrinology
or
746, Animal Cell Culture,
or
751, Cell Culture,
or
752, Mammalian Cell Culture
CHEM 756, Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory,
or
763, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis Laboratory
GEN 702, Genetics Lab,
or
753, Cytogenetics
MICR 700, Pathogenic Microbiology,
or
704, Genetics of Prokaryotic Microbes,
or
705, Immunology,
or
706/708, Virology and Virology Lab,
or
717, Microbial Physiology
PBIO 774/775, Plant Cell Culture and Genetic Engineering and Lab
ZOOL 778, Neuroscience Techniques

VI. One additional course from groups II-V


The biochemistry curriculum provides most of the required and recommended courses for students seeking admission to professional schools in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and pharmacy. Students who major in biochemistry can also use their training in conjunction with advanced degrees in law and business.

Approximately 50 percent of the students who graduate with a major in biochemistry seek advanced degrees. Many biochemistry majors go on to attend graduate school in all areas of the life and biomedical sciences, especially graduate programs in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and chemistry. Recipients of an M.S. degree are more attractive to employers and often obtain better positions, greater salaries, and more responsibility and independence. A Ph.D. degree is eventually required for those who wish to direct research programs, be involved in state-of-the-art scientific research, become a professor in a college or university, or obtain an executive position in a science-related area of industry or government.

Students obtaining the B.S. in biochemistry enjoy excellent job prospects immediately upon graduation. There is currently a demand for skilled research technicians in biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies, government agencies, academic research laboratories, and hospitals. Students graduating in biochemistry have knowledge that is valuable in the fields of management, sales, marketing, regulatory affairs, technical writing, and scientific journalism. With additional courses in education, the B.S. in biochemistry also qualifies graduates to teach at the elementary, junior high, and high school levels.

Combined Bachelor of Science and Master's of Science in Biochemistry
This accelerated five-year program leading to a combined bachelor and master's degree in biochemistry is designed for highly motivated and qualified students seeking additional training to further their career goals as a researcher in the life sciences.

Admission Policy
Admission to the combined degree program is highly competitive. Students wishing to pursue this option must have a grade-point average greater than 3.20 at the time of application. A thesis adviser must be identified during the junior year, and the approval of the adviser and department chairperson must be obtained. Prior to the first semester of the senior year, the student must formally apply to the Graduate School and receive early admission. The requirement for the Graduate Record Examinations is waived for combined degree applicants.

Requirements
Thirty credits of graduate level (800-900) coursework (including dual credit courses) must be completed. Six to 8 credits must be taken during the senior year, and are applied to both the B.S. and M.S. requirements. All other requirements for the M.S. degree (see Graduate School catalog) must be followed, including completion of preliminary exams, conducting a research project, and passing an oral examination based on the master's thesis project. In addition, the student must complete a teaching assistantship assignment.

Suggested Program
Because of the intensive nature of the combined degree program, the thesis research project should be initiated as early as possible. A guidance committee should be established no later than the beginning of the fifth year to approve the student's proposed course of study. A teaching assistantship is normally assigned during the fifth year. The following schedule is recommended:

Junior year
Identify thesis adviser and begin research project during the summer following junior year.

Senior year
Senior thesis (BCHM 799) during both semesters and the following summer, along with two dual-credit courses (800/900 level).

Fall semester, fifth year
Two 800/900 level courses (6-8 cr.)
BCHM 997 (1 cr.)
BCHM 899 (5 cr.)

Spring semester and summer, fifth year
One 800/900 level course (3-4 cr.)
BCHM 998 (1 cr.)
BCHM 899 (5 cr.)
Special topics (1-2 cr. as needed)
Research should be completed and the master's thesis defended during the summer.

Support
The department attempts to support the student in meeting the expenses of the fifth year. However, specific arrangements must be made in each case for this support. It is customary for the student to receive one semester of teaching assistantship (including tuition waiver) and a second semester with a project assistantship (including tuition waiver). Financial support to conduct research during the summer months is also typical.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


Biology

Coordinator: Subhash C. Minocha

Courses

The biology program is an interdepartmental and interdisciplinary program which offers a bachelor of science degree with four options. Students interested in earning a bachelor's degree in biology can choose one of the following options: (1) ecology evolution and behavior; (2) general biology; (3) marine and freshwater biology; and (4) molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. Majors in the following biological science departments are also available: (1) animal sciences, p. 81, (2) biochemistry, p. 81, (3) microbiology, p. 87, (4) nutritional sciences, p. 88, (5) plant biology, p. 88, or (6) zoology, p. 92.

Any of these majors is appropriate for those planning subsequently to earn M.S. or Ph.D. degrees; for those seeking a health care related professional degree; for those desiring biology teaching certification; and for those desiring employment in a wide variety of biology- and biotechnology-oriented industries. Some examples of typical career areas for biology majors are biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, environmental consulting, environmental education, secondary school science teaching, college teaching and research, health-related professions, state or federal government services, science journalism, and marine biology. Students who wish to choose a departmental major should consult with that department for a more specific list of career opportunities.

New students wishing to major in a specific area within the biological sciences are encouraged to declare their major in the first year. Those generally interested in biology, but unsure of a specific major at this time should declare general biology to ensure a timely beginning of the core curriculum. In either case, each student will be assigned a faculty adviser. The adviser will assist in academic program development, course selection, and choice of major. Changing majors within the biological sciences is easy during the first two years since the biology core curriculum is common to all of the listed biological science majors.

Biology Core Curriculum
The core curriculum is substantially completed in the first two years as recommended below. Many core curriculum courses are also offered at UNH-Manchester. Students should discuss selection and sequencing of these courses with their adviser because deferral of some core courses may be desirable for specific departmental majors, and the courses chosen may vary slightly depending on the major. The biology core curriculum satisfies the four University general education requirements in groups 2 and 3.

Freshman Year
BIOL 400* and 411-412; CHEM 403-404; MATH 424B

Succeeding Years
MICR 503**; BIOL 541**; BIOL 528; CHEM 545 and BCHM 658/659 or CHEM 651/653-652/654***; PHYS 401-402; BIOL 604; ENGL 501, 503, or 519***; EDUC 500†

*BIOL 400 is required for first-year biology majors only.
**Biology majors take both. Departmental majors choose one as instructed by the department.
***For premedical and prehealth-related professions only.
†For those preparing for teacher certification only

Academic Requirements
Students qualify for a B.S. degree in biology when they have completed 128 credit hours of courses with a cumulative 2.00 grade-point average, including University general education requirements and requirements for one of the four biology options described below.

The minimum grade acceptable for courses required by the major is D-. Students who expect to compete successfully for admission to post-baccalaureate degree programs should maintain a cumulative grade-point average of 3.00 after the end of the sophomore year.

Biology Major Options
A complete list of approved courses for each option can be found in The Biology Curriculum Guides, available from the Biology Program Office in Taylor Hall, from a biology faculty adviser, or on the biology Web page at biology.unh.edu.

Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. Eight courses in addition to core curriculum courses must be selected from those listed in the Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Curriculum Guide.

General Biology.Within the biology core, BIOL 528 and BCHM 658/659 are preferred. Eight courses in addition to core curriculum courses must be selected from those listed in the General Biology Curriculum Guide.

Marine and Freshwater Biology. BIOL 528 and BCHM 658/659 are preferred in the core. Eight courses in addition to core curriculum courses must be selected from those listed in the Marine and Freshwater Biology Curriculum Guide. If possible, students should consider enrolling in ZOOL 674, a 6-credit summer experience at the Isles of Shoals Marine Laboratory, in the summer following the freshman year. A senior project or undergraduate research experience is also strongly recommended.

Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. CHEM 651/653-652/654 are preferred in the core. Eight courses in addition to core curriculum courses must be selected from those listed in the Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Curriculum Guide.

Prehealth Professional Program
Students wishing to pursue postgraduate degrees in the health care professions should visit the premedical advising office in Room 9, Hood House. For more information, call (603) 862-3625 or visit the program's Web page: http://www.unh.edu/premed-advising.

Biology Teacher Certification and General Science Certification
Biology teacher certification for students preparing to teach high school biology can be obtained through the Department of Education's five-year, undergraduate-graduate degree program. Students are required to take EDUC 500 (preferably in the sophomore year), earn a bachelor's degree in one of the biological sciences, and complete a fifth year, which includes an internship and coursework leading to a master's degree in education. General science certification for students preparing to teach science in middle and junior high schools can be obtained through the Department of Education's general science certification program. For further information, see the Education section in College of Liberal Arts or contact the teacher education coordinator in the Department of Education.

Biology Minor
A minor in biology can be earned by completing the following requirements: (1) BIOL 411-412 or PBIO 412 and ZOOL 412; (2) one course from each of the three major organism groups: (a) animals (ANSC or ZOOL courses), (b) microbes (MICR courses), and (c) plants (PBIO courses); (3) two additional biological sciences courses at the 600-700 level.

Students interested in a biology major or minor should contact the Biology Program Office, Taylor Hall, 862-3066.


Community Development

Chairperson: Alberto B. Manalo
Coordinator: Edmund F. Jansen, Jr.
Professors: John M. Halstead, Edmund F. Jansen, Jr., Bruce E. Lindsay
Associate Professors: Alberto B. Manalo, Douglas E. Morris, Robert A. Robertson
Adjunct Assistant Professor: Lynda Brushett

Courses

The community development program prepares students for professional careers as local government administrators, town or regional land-use planners, and community facilitators and educators. It is an applied social science degree program that gives the student an understanding of the interrelated social, economic, political, environmental, and technical factors that influence a community and its residents. The curriculum takes an interdisciplinary approach and includes field experience and internships as vital components that complement classroom and independent research.

Students majoring in community development are encouraged to concentrate in one of three areas: (1) community change and development, (2) community public administration, and (3) community and regional planning. These areas of specialty provide the necessary background and training to prepare graduates for entry-level positions with local municipalities and agencies throughout the nation. The community development program also provides a firm base for graduate study in a variety of areas such as regional planning, public administration, rural sociology, economic development, and law.

A minor in community development or community planning provides opportunities for students in other areas to better understand the application of their knowledge to specific community issues. A community development minor complements majors in both technical fields and liberal arts.

Local municipalities in New England are turning to full-time professional administrators to assume responsibility for the day-to-day administration, management, and planning activities that were previously carried out by part-time town officials. Officials at the New Hampshire Municipal Association estimated that New Hampshire needs, each year, at least twenty-five new graduates in community and public administration to fill local government professional needs. In addition to professional administration or planning positions in local or regional government, employment opportunities are also available with public agencies and organizations at the state, national, and international levels.

Students interested in the challenges of community development should consult with the program coordinator or with the chairperson of the Department of Resource Economics and Development.

Required Courses
I. All of the following (16 credits)
CD 415, Community Development and Perspectives
CD 508, Applied Community Development
CD 795, Investigations in Community Development or CD 793, Community Administration Internship or
CD 794, Community Planning Internship

EREC 525, Statistical Methods and Applications II. One of the following (4 credits)
CD 777, Fundamentals and Practice of Community Planning
EREC 506, Population, Food, and Resource Use in Developing Countries
GEOG 583, Urban Geography
TOUR 767, Social Impact Assessment

III. At least three courses from the following (Minimum of 12 credits)
CD 607, Community Administration and Development
CD 614, Community Planning
CD 627, Community Economics and Finance
CD 710, Community Development Seminar
CD 717, Law of Community Planning
EREC 606, Land Use Economics

IV. Two courses from two of the following groups (at least 6 credits)
A: SOIL 609 or BIOL 541
B: SOC 645
C: MGT 580, 712, or 713

V. The following three courses
MATH 420, Finite Mathematics
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives
CMN 500, Public Speaking or AOE 650, Microcommunications


Dairy Management

Courses

The dairy management program, offered by the Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, is designed to provide students with solid training in areas important to the successful management of a dairy enterprise, for employment in related agribusinesses (e.g., pharmaceutical and feed industries), or for those wishing to pursue additional training leading to the M.S. or Ph.D. degree in dairy science or its related disciplines. Dairy management students receive training in areas such as nutrition, reproduction, diseases, genetics, lactation physiology, forages, agribusiness finance, personnel management, computer science, and public relations. In addition, junior and senior students enrolled in this program will be given complete responsibility for managing the UNH teaching herd with other students, thereby acquiring actual management experience along with their basic subject matter training. The UNH Teaching and Research Center, a modern dairy facility, houses approximately one hundred milking cows plus a similar number of nonlactating animals.

In addition to the University's general education requirements, a typical dairy management student will take the following courses:

First Year
ANSC 508 (optional), 552, 554, 603; BIOL 411; CHEM 403-404; ENGL 401; EREC 411

Second Year
ANSC 432, 511, 512, 650; CS 401; PBIO 421; EREC 504

Summer Internship
ANSC 600

Third Year
ANSC 609, 612, 630, 650, 701, 715

Fourth Year
ANSC 698, 699, 708, 710, 724, 727, 728, 743; MGT 580 or 713

Students interested in pursuing graduate studies take
MATH 424B, CHEM 545-546, BCHM 658-659 and MICR 503 in lieu of PBIO 421 and CS 401.


Environmental and Resource Economics

Chairperson: Alberto B. Manalo
Professors: John M. Halstead, Edmund F. Jansen, Jr., Bruce E. Lindsay
Associate Professors: Alberto B. Manalo, Douglas E. Morris
Extension Educator: Michael R. Sciabarrasi

Courses

This program offers training in environmental and resource economics, including public resource policy, resource management, natural resource and environmental economics, and community economics and finance. The curriculum emphasizes applied economics in the context of public policy. Training is also available in agricultural economics, including agribusiness, small business management, food marketing, agricultural policy, and world food supplies.

Students majoring in environmental and resource economics will normally concentrate in one of the following three areas: environmental and natural resource economics, agricultural economics, or community economics. In addition, students must satisfy general education requirements, which lead to a broad university education. Majors interested in the economic or business aspects of agriculture and natural resources will be expected to take courses in the biology departments.

Students majoring in any of the social science, life science, and agriculture departments of the University may find it to their advantage to elect courses or a minor in environmental and resource economics or agribusiness. By doing so, their basic training can be supplemented in a specific area of interest, such as resource development and natural resource policy for social science majors, farm management and agricultural marketing for agricultural majors, and community economics and finance for students interested in local government and development.

Required Courses
All of the following
ECON 401, Principles of Economics (Macro)
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives
EREC 504, Business Management for Natural Resource Firms
MATH 420, Finite Mathematics, or MATH 424B, Calculus for Life Sciences
ECON 605, Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis
ECON 611, Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis, or ECON 635, Money & Banking
EREC 525, Statistical Methods and Applications

At least five of the following, of which two must be 700 level
EREC 501, Agricultural and Natural Resource Product Marketing
EREC 506, Population, Food, and Resource Use in Developing Countries
EREC 604, Financial Concepts for Natural Resource Firms
EREC 606, Land Use Economics
EREC 611, Marine Resource Economics
EREC 627, Community Economics and Finance
EREC 633, Economics of Travel and Tourism
EREC 666, Empirical Resource Economics: Methods and Techniques
EREC 676, Economics of Water Use and Quality Management
EREC 704, Economics of Policy Issues in Food and Natural Resource Use
EREC 708, Environmental Economics
EREC 710, Environmental and Resource Economics Seminar
EREC 715, Linear Programming and Quantitative Models
EREC 756, Rural and Regional Economic Development

Students who major in environmental and resource economics are qualified for a wide variety of opportunities upon graduation. Private business, public institutions, and government agencies currently have a strong demand for specialists trained in natural resource development; land and water use policy; natural resource and small business management; agricultural, fisheries, and forestry marketing; and community development. In many cases, students may wish to improve their qualifications by pursuing more specialized graduate studies in one or more of the above areas.

Departmental Honors
Honors in environmental and resource economics will be awarded to students who complete 16 credits of honors courses in environmental and resource economics (including a minimum of 4 credits of a senior research project), and who maintain a minimum grade-point average of 3.20 in the major. Students interested in the environmental and resource economics honors program should contact the environmental and resource economics coordinator in James Hall for more information.

Students interested in a major or minor in environmental and resource economics should contact Alberto B. Manalo at (603) 862-1700.


Environmental Conservation

Courses

The program in environmental conservation provides a broad background for understanding environmental and resource problems and their solutions. Development of policies and planning are essential to resolving environmental problems and require a foundation in biology as well as economics.

Students must choose a 32-credit option (environmental affairs or environmental science) or develop a concentration that is related to specific career goals (for example, in the areas of environmental education, ecology, or conservation biology). Students choosing the latter route must incorporate a minor into their concentration. In addition to courses in the options or concentrations, student must complete the 17 core courses listed below. Courses in the EC program major must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

Minor in Environmental Conservation

A minor in environmental conservation is available to students outside of the environmental conservation major. This minor consists of five courses or 20 credits. The following are the categories and/or specific courses required:

1. Any one of the following: PBIO 412, ZOOL 412, BIOL 411, BIOL 412. Note that BIOL 411/412 is usually restricted to students in the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture. The recommended courses are PBIO 412 or ZOOL 412.

2. EC 535, Contemporary Conservation Issues and Environmental Awareness.

3. One course in ecology. Some possibilities include, but are not limited to: BIOL 541, WILD 433, FOR 425, FOR 527.

4. One intermediate level course (600-level or higher) in ecological economics, resource economics, or environmental policy. Examples are EC 720, International Environmental Politics and Policies for the 21st Century; ECON 607, Ecological Economics; EREC 606/611/627 or 676 (prerequisite for the EREC or ECON 607 courses is an introductory course in micro economics such as EREC 411.)

5. One of the following: WARM 504, Freshwater Resources; SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences; FOR 502, The Endangered Forest; or EC 703, Applied Environmental Philosophy.

For additional information please contact Dr. Mimi Larsen Becker, Department of Natural Resources, James Hall.

Environmental Conservation Off-Campus Programs

The environmental conservation program offers two programs which provide an option to spend a semester abroad. The Geocommons Program offers 12 credits in international sustainable communities (EC 674, 675, and 676) by providing semester experiences in communities that are striving for sustainability in India and France. Emphasis is on the human dimensions of community-building, ecological design, and a sense of place (coordinator: Dr. Robert Eckert ).

The UNH-EcoQuest New Zealand Program provides highly motivated students with the opportunity to engage in a unique multidisciplinary, research-oriented field study program. Four fully integrated courses (EC 660, 661, 662, and 663 for 16 credit hours) focus on the ecological, resource management, conservation and sustainability issues important to the natural environment, economy, and culture of New Zealand over a full semester. Alternatively, students can participate in a summer session five-week two-course intensive (EC 660, 662 for 8 credit hours). Students engaged in this learning community will examine unique ecosystems, watershed scale restoration, and undertake a problem-solving, hands-on integrated approach to resource management investigations which incorporate cultural, economic, and policy dimensions of the New Zealand environment. UNH EcoQuest New Zealand Program Coordinator: Dr. Mimi Larsen Becker.

The following seventeen courses are required of all majors
NR 401, Natural Resources Perspectives
PBIO 412, Introductory Botany
ZOOL 412, Principles of Zoology

Ecology Electives: Check all courses for prerequisites. Choose TWO of the following. You must take one of the following courses FIRST.
FOR 425, Field Dendrology
WILD 433, Wildlife Ecology
PBIO 566, Systematic Botany
ZOOL/PBIO 503, Intro to Marine Biology
BIOL 541, General Ecology
EC 660, NZ: Biodiversity and Ecology

Select your SECOND course from the following
FOR 527, Forest Ecology
PBIO 724, Freshwater Algal Ecology
PBIO/ZOOL 725, Marine Ecology
PBIO 742, Physiological Ecology
PBIO 745, Community Ecology
EC 661, NZ: Ecosystem Management and Restoration Ecology
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives
CHEM 403, General Chemistry

Economics Elective: Choose one of the following
ECON 605, Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis
ECON 607, Ecological Economics
ECON 645, International Economics
ECON 668, Economic Development
ECON 669, Women and Economic Development
ECON 670, Economics of Energy
ECON 707, Economic Growth and Environmental Quality
EREC 606, Land Use Economics
EREC 608, Environmental Economics for Non-Economists
EREC 611, Marine Resource Economics
EREC 627, Community Economics and Finance
EREC 676, Economics of Water Use and Quality Management
EREC 708, Environmental Economics
FOR 643, Economics of Forestry
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
EC 702, Ecological Values and Ethics
or

EC 688, Geography of Population and Development
WARM 504, Freshwater Resources
SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences

One communication skills course
AOE 650, CMN 500, EC 725, THDA 555, 621, 622, 624

One writing skills course
ENGL 501, 503, 519, 529

One statistical skills course
BIOL 528, PSYC 402, SOC 502, or equivalent

EC 637, Practicum in Environmental Conservation, 4 credits. The practicum is a student-initiated independent project involving field work on an actual conservation activity, off campus, during the senior year. There is a 100-hour minimum time commitment which may be public service or for pay.

NR 775, Natural Resources Senior Project

Students should plan to work for a master's degree if they wish to be professional conservationists. The undergraduate degree offers an education in environmental conservation with the opportunity for specialization or generalization in related fields.

All students must complete the University general education requirements.

Students interested in a major may consult with the program coordinator, Robert Eckert, James Hall.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


Forestry

Courses

Forestry is the art and science of managing and understanding the natural and human dimensions of forests and forest use. The forestry program is designed to provide graduating professionals with a sound technical preparation and a broad general education. The forest management and forest science options of the forestry major leading to the bachelor of science in forestry degree (B.S.F.) are accredited by the Society of American Foresters (SAF). The SAF is recognized by the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation and the U.S. Department of Education as the accrediting body for forestry in the United States.

Professional foresters are employed by private industry, public agencies, public interest firms, groups, educational institutions, research organizations, and consulting firms. Foresters manage forests, provide for wildlife habitat and forest recreation, protect water and soil resources, and assure a sustainable supply of forest products. Some graduates work toward natural resource protection and the improvement of environmental quality.

Forestry education at UNH focuses on ecosystem management for diversity, productivity and health, based on multidisciplinary collaboration. There are opportunities in international forestry. Many students enter graduate school for advanced training in forest biology or forest management.

Technical, administrative, and managerial skills are required of all professional foresters. This program provides a foundation in scientific knowledge, as well as technical and managerial skills, with elective freedom to cultivate special abilities and interests.

Students majoring in forestry must complete 130 credits of classroom work and 4 credits of field training. University general education requirements are included in this total.

Besides these formal courses, all forestry majors are required to have at least one summer of forestry work experience (FOR 500). While students are responsible for their own summer work, placement assistance is available from the faculty.

In the junior year, students must choose to concentrate in either of the following options (and must earn 24 credits within that concentration to graduate):

Forest Management Option
This option is designed for students who intend to plan a career in forest resource management. Requirements: NR 753, Decision Sciences in Natural Resource Management; FOR 754, Wood Products Manufacture and Marketing; RMP 711, Recreation Resource Management; one course in administration, 500 level or higher; two courses (8 credits) in advanced forestry, wildlife, hydrology, soils, resource management, urban forestry, recreation, or administration.

Forest Science Option
In this option, students may specialize in specific forest sciences as background for graduate school or focus their interests in areas other than forest management. Areas of concentration include forest biology, ecology, soil science, watershed management, international forestry, and others. Students in this option are encouraged to minor in the area of their choice.

Minors
Nonforestry majors may minor in forestry by completing 20 to 22 credits of coursework approved by the forestry program faculty.

Freshman Year
FOR 425, Field Dendrology
FOR 426, Wood Science and Technology
FOR 542, Forestland Measurement and Mapping
BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I or equivalent
ENGL 401, Freshman English
MATH 424B, Calculus for Life Sciences
NR 401, Natural Resources Perspectives
PBIO 412, Introductory Botany
One oral communication skills course

Sophomore Year
FOR 500, Work Experience
FOR 527, Forest Ecology
FOR 544, Forest Biometrics
FOR 506, Forest Entomology
CHEM 403, General Chemistry
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource
Economics Perspectives
or
ECON 402, Principles of Economics (Micro)
SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences
WILD 433, Wildlife Ecology
General education elective
4, 5, 6, or 8
General education elective
4, 5, 6, or 8

Junior Year
FOR 629, Silviculture
FOR 643, Economics of Forestry
FOR 652, Forest Resources Assessment
FOR 660, Forest Fire Protection
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
PBIO 651, Plant Pathology
Professional option
General education elective
4, 5, 6, or 8
General education elective
4, 5, 6, or 8

Senior Year
FOR 745, Forest Management
NR 775, Natural Resources Senior Project
NR 757, Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry
Professional option
Professional option
Professional option
Professional option
WARM 603, Watershed Water Quality Management
or

WARM 504, Freshwater Resources
General education elective
4, 5, 6, or 8

Students interested in the forestry program may consult with the program coordinator, Richard Weyrick, James Hall.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


General Studies

General studies provides a flexible curriculum for students with a broad, general interest in several areas of life sciences and agriculture. It cuts across departmental lines and in some respects resembles a self-designed major. General studies is not intended to be a catch-all for students from other colleges, but is designed to serve the needs of life sciences and agriculture students. Requirements for a general studies major are CHEM 403-404; BIOL 411-412 (or PBIO 412 and ZOOL 412); PHYS 401-402; and six additional courses in the college (or closely related courses approved by the adviser) two of which must be at the 600 level and two at the 700 level. These courses should be interrelated in such a way that they will help students meet their goals for employment or further study.

Freshmen who are unsure of a major should not declare general studies as a major but should remain undeclared for a semester or two (see Undeclared Status). The program is generally not available to students entering their senior year.


Genetics Program

The Genetics Program offers master's and Ph.D. degrees in genetics. Undergraduates interested in Genetics can pursue their interests within the context of any of the following B.S. degree programs: biology, animal sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, microbiology, plant biology, and zoology. For course entries in genetics, see course descriptions under GEN, as well as relevant courses listed under the fore-listed departments and programs. Students interested in preparing for graduate work in genetics at UNH or elsewhere should contact the chairperson of the Genetics Program early in their undergraduate careers for advice on courses.


Microbiology

Chairperson: Aaron B. Margolin
Professors: Richard P. Blakemore, Thomas G. Pistole, Frank G. Rodgers, Robert M. Zsigray
Associate Professors: Aaron B. Margolin, Louis S. Tisa
Assistant Professor: Elise R. Sullivan, Stephen D. Torosian Courses

Microbiology explores the world of organisms too small to be seen with the unaided eye. The primary emphasis in the Department of Microbiology is on prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and viruses. The curriculum provides basic familiarity with microorganisms, their interactions with other life forms (including humans), and their roles in natural systems and processes.

Baccalaureate degree holders in microbiology secure positions in industry (food and beverage, pharmaceutical, bioproducts, etc.); in city, state, and federal agencies (public health, environmental quality, regulatory, etc.); or in universities or research institutes.

The Department of Microbiology offers programs of study leading to the bachelor of science degree. Microbiology is widely recognized as being both a basic life science and a highly pragmatic applied science. Two curricula within the microbiology program are intended to accommodate the diverse needs of potential students. Curriculum A is recommended for individuals intending to enter the work force or pursue graduate education in the biological sciences, biomedicine, or biotechnology. It also provides for entry into professional programs such as dentistry, human medicine, or, with little additional preparation, veterinary medicine. Curriculum B is appropriate for students planning to enter the work force immediately upon graduation, as research technicians, applied scientists, or in sales or marketing positions in the life sciences or biotechnological enterprises. This curriculum would be appropriate for transfer students from other colleges or universities as well as for students planning to pursue a degree in business, including the M.B.A., as appropriate for careers in managing diagnostic laboratories or in hospital administration.

Each curriculum is satisfied by Microbiology Group One and Group Two course requirements. Group One courses are common to all students in that curriculum. Group Two requirements are satisfied by choosing at least one microbiology course from each of three categories: medical, general, and ecological. Students are required to complete seven microbiology courses totaling a minimum of 28 credits (including MICR 503) for a major in microbiology.

Curriculum A
Curriculum A has the following Group One requirements: BIOL 411-412, 604; BCHM 658-659 or 751-752, 755; BIOL 528 or equivalent; CHEM 403-404, 545-546 or 651/653, 652/654; MATH 424B; MICR 503, 700, 704, 705; PHYS 401-402. Group Two requirements may be satisfied by choosing at least one course from each of the following areas: medical (MICR 702, 706; MLS 720); general (MICR 504, 600, 603, 710-712, 711, 717, 718, 751; PBIO 752); and ecological (MICR 707, 713, 714, 719, 766; PBIO 752).

Curriculum B
Students entering this program as freshmen will be advised to adhere closely to the biology core curriculum. However, students may also transfer into the microbiology program from liberal arts, health sciences, or other science programs via this curriculum. Curriculum B has the following Group One requirements: BIOL 411-412 or two semesters of a laboratory biological science may be accepted upon approval; BCHM 658/659; CHEM 403-404, 545-546; MATH 424B; MICR 503. Group Two requirements may be satisfied by choosing at least one course from each of the following areas: medical (MICR 700, 702, 705, 706, 708); general (MICR 504, 600, 603, 704, 710-712, 711, 716, 717, 718, 751, 752); ecological (MICR 707, 713; 714; PBIO 752). Other microbiology-related courses offered in the following departments may be taken with an adviser's permission: animal sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, plant biology, civil engineering, zoology, or medical laboratory science. Courses in these areas are reviewed periodically by the microbiology faculty to ascertain their suitability for microbiology majors.

Special Projects in Microbiology (MICR 795) is available by special permission and allows students the opportunity to conduct semi-independent research projects in conjunction with departmental faculty. Up to 4 credits of Problems in Microbiology may be applied to major requirements, although students may enroll for additional hours. Students must receive a minimum grade of C in major requirements taught in the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture (e.g., microbiology, biology, or biochemistry). A passing grade in major requirements taught outside the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture (e.g., chemistry, math, or physics) is acceptable.

Students planning to attend graduate or postgraduate professional school or to apply for certification as registered microbiologists through the American Society for Microbiology are strongly advised to take a course in quantitative analysis (CHEM 517-518).

Individuals considering a major in microbiology are strongly encouraged to enroll in MICR 503 and organic chemistry in their sophomore year. Requirements in the biology core curriculum may be deferred until the subsequent year, if necessary.

Students may obtain a minor in microbiology by successfully completing MICR 503 and four additional departmental courses totaling a minimum of 20 credits at the 600 or 700 level. BCHM 658/659 may be substituted for one of these courses. A maximum of 4 credits of Problems in Microbiology may be applied to the minor.

Departmental Honors
Honors in microbiology will be awarded to students who complete 16 credits of honors courses in microbiology (including a minimum of 4 credits in a senior research project), and who maintain a minimum grade-point average of 3.20 in the major. Students interested in the microbiology honors program should apply to the department before their junior year.

Students wishing to declare a major or minor in microbiology or to be admitted to the microbiology honors program should consult the departmental chair.


Natural Resources

Chairperson: Theodore E. Howard Professors: John D. Aber, John E. Carroll, Russell G. Congalton, Robert T. Eckert, John A. Litvaitis, Willliam W. Mautz, William H. McDowell, Barrett N. Rock, Andrew A. Rosenberg
Research Professor: Frederick T. Short
Adjunct Professors: Christopher Eagar, C. Anthony Federer, Peter W. Garrett, James W. Hornbeck, William B. Leak, Signey A.L. Pilgrim, Lawrence Safford, Paul Edwin Sendak
Associate Professors: Mimi Larsen Becker, Theodore E. Howard, Paul C. Johnson, Peter J. Pekins, Debra L. Straussfogel, Richard R. Weyrick
Research Associate Professors: David M. Burdick, Stephen H. Jones
Adjunct Associate Professors: William B. Bowden, Richard J. DeSeve, David Y. Hollinger, Rakesh Minocha, Lawrence J. Prelli
Assistant Professors: Kimberly J. Babbitt, Carl H. Bolster, Mark J. Ducey, Elizabeth A. Rochette
Research Assistant Professor: Mary E. Martin
Adjunct Assistant Professors: Willard N. Brownell, Jill L. Bubier, Bert Cohen, Jeffrey H. Gove, Richard Hallett,l Mariko Yamasaki

Courses


Nutritional Sciences

Professors: Samuel C. Smith, Anthony R. Tagliaferro
Associate Professors: Dennis J. Bobilya, Gale B. Carey, Joanne Curran-Celentano, Colette H. Janson-Sand
Adjunct Professor: Mark R. Windt, M.D.
Teacher/Trainer: Ruth A. Reilly
Director, Dietetic Internship Program: Carolyn Giles
Extension Educators: Valerie A. Long, Catherine A. Violette

Courses

The science of nutrition is the study of nutrients in food and the body's handling of these nutrients. As an applied science, nutrition is based on biochemistry and physiology but can also include anthropology, economics, genetics, microbiology, pathology, animal sciences, and zoology. Consequently, the nutritionist often cooperates with workers in many different fields. The nutrition program at UNH is designed to permit specialized study in human and/or animal nutrition.

Two curricula are offered to meet the educational needs of students with differing professional aspirations.

Basic Science Curriculum
This curriculum provides students with a solid science background in biology, chemistry, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, and physics. Upon graduation, students are well prepared for technically oriented jobs in science. This curriculum is also excellent preparation for students planning further education in graduate school or professional schools of medicine and dentistry. Students in this curriculum are required to complete the biology core curriculum: NUTR 475, 750; ANSC 511 and 512; MICR 503; BCHM 658/659; and 12 additional credits from recommended courses in nutrition.

Dietetics Curriculum
Approved by the American Dietetics Association (ADA), the dietetics curriculum prepares students to apply for a post-graduate dietetic internship. Completing this internship and passing the ADA examination are essential for becoming a registered dietitian (RD), requisite for employment opportunities in clinical dietetics and community nutrition. Required courses for this curriculum are NUTR 401, 405, 475, 476, 473, 503, 504, 510, 550, 650, 720, 750, 773, 775, and 780; ANSC 511 and 512; CHEM 403-404, and 545-546; ENGL 401; DCE 491; MICR 501 or 503; BCHM 658/659; SOC 500 or PSYC 401; MGT 580; HMP 710; and either PSYC 402, SOC 502, BIOL 528, or HHS 540.


Plant Biology

Chairperson: Robert O. Blanchard
Professors: Robert O. Blanchard, Garrett E. Crow, Curtis V. Givan, J. Brent Loy, William E. MacHardy, Arthur C. Mathieson, Subhash C. Minocha
Adjunct Professor: Walter C. Shortle
Associate Professors: Alan L. Baker, Thomas M. Davis, Wayne R. Fagerberg, Leland S. Jahnke, Anita S. Klein, Thomas D. Lee, Christopher D. Neefus, James E. Pollard, John M. Roberts
Adjunct Associate Professors: Rakesh Minocha, Kevin T. Smith, Janet R. Sullivan Assistant Professors: Paul R. Fisher, Estelle M. Hrabak, Dean A. Kopsell, Stefan Seiter
Extension Educators: Alan T. Eaton, David E. Kopsell, William G. Lord, Catherine A. Neal, Cheryl A. Smith, Stanley R. Swier

Courses

Plant biology is the study of plants at the population, organismal, cellular, and molecular level; and the investigation of the uses of plants for food, fiber, recreational, and ornamental purposes. Offerings in marine and freshwater plant biology also are provided and are facilitated by the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory and two marine laboratories where the plant biology faculty maintains an active involvement in teaching and research. The Department of Plant Biology offers three baccalaureate degrees: bachelor of science in plant biology, bachelor of science in environmental horticulture, and bachelor of arts in plant biology. See also programs listed under biology major and marine sciences.

B.S. in Plant Biology
This degree is for students intending to seek employment in agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries; to work in governmental agencies, environmental groups, and consulting firms; to teach secondary education; or to undertake graduate studies in preparation for advanced research and teaching positions. Students interested in university teaching and/or research, and governmental and industrial research, should plan to complete an advanced degree in the field.

Students are required to take the core courses, which include the biology core curriculum, and five plant biology elective courses.

Core Courses, Credits
BIOL 411, Principles of Biology I, 4
BIOL 412, Principles of Biology II, 4
CHEM 403, General Chemistry I, 4
CHEM 404, General Chemistry II, 4
MATH 424B, Calculus for Life Sciences, 4
MICR 503, General Microbiology, 5
BIOL 541, General Ecology, 4
BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I, 4
CHEM 545/546, Organic Chemistry and Lab, 5
BCHM 658/659, General Biochemistry and Lab, 5
PHYS 401, Introduction to Physics I, 4
PHYS 402, Introduction to Physics II, 4
BIOL 604, Principles of Genetics, 4
PBIO 401, Plant Biology Orientation, 1
PBIO 701/702, Plant Physiology and Lab, 5
PBIO 758, Plant Anatomy, 5
PBIO 774, Plant Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering, 3
PBIO 566, Systematic Botany, 4
or PBIO 668, Summer Flora of NH, 4

Plant Biology Electives
Five additional courses must be selected from those listed below under categories 1-5. No more than three courses from any one category can be used to fulfill the requirement. It is strongly recommended that students choose courses from as many of the categories as possible to obtain a broad background in plant biology. Core courses cannot be used to fulfill elective requirements. PBIO 795, Investigations in Plant Biology can be used once to fulfill one of the five electives, if taken for 3 or more credits. PBIO 796, Special Topics in Plant Biology can be used to fulfill elective requirements, if taken for 3 or more credits and preapproved by adviser.

Category 1: Systematics, Ecology, and Evolution
PBIO 566, 625, 668, 706/708, 717, 718, 719, 721, 722, 723, 724, 744, 745, 747, 752,761; INCO 595, Tropical Ecology and Conservation Biology

Category 2: Marine and Freshwater Plant Biology
PBIO 503, 625, 717, 718, 719, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 727/729, 747

Category 3: Plant Structure and Physiology
PBIO 709, 711, 713, 714/715, 727/729, 775

Category 4: Environmental Horticulture
PBIO 546, 547, 565, 572, 650, 651, 652, 655, 678, 682, 689, 706/708, 726; NR 412; ZOOL 530; FOR 506

Category 5: Plant Genetics, Cell Biology, and Biotechnology
PBIO 714/715, 751, 753, 754, 765, 766, 775; BCHM 771; GEN 702, 705

B.S. in Environmental Horticulture

This program offers a flexible curriculum for students interested in a multifaceted view of plant agriculture that also embraces issues of environmental stewardship, food safety, international development, and other topics of broad public concern. A degree in environmental horticulture will prepare students for careers managing greenhouses, nurseries, farms, and golf courses; in teaching; in consulting and applied research; in practicing journalism; in working for park and highway planning commissions; in working in sales or brokerage aspects of wholesale and retail marketing; and in finding employment in food- and feed-processing firms.

Students are required to take the core courses, support courses, and 20 credits of elective courses.

Core Courses, Credits
PBIO 401, Plant Biology Orientation, 1
PBIO 412, Introductory Botany, 4
PBIO 421, Concepts of Plant Growth, 4
PBIO 501, Basic Biochemistry (3 cr.) or BCHM 658/659 General Biochemistry (5 cr.), 3
PBIO 546, Plants, Soils, and the Environment, 4
PBIO 547, Environmental Horticulture, 4
PBIO 572, Plant Propagation, 4
PBIO 566, Systematic Botany, 4
PBIO 600, Field Experience (Horticulture Related), 4
PBIO 701, Plant Physiology, 3
PBIO 612, Plant Genetics and Reproduction or BIOL 604, Principles of Genetics, 4
PBIO 651, Plant Pathology, 4
PBIO 726, Integrated Pest Management, 4
PBIO 797, Senior Seminar, 1

Electives
A minimum of 20 credits (including at least 12 credits at 600 or 700 level)

Students are offered some flexibility in selection of electives, although these electives should be related to horticulture and selected in consultation with an adviser.

Support Courses Required From Other Departments
CHEM 403, General Chemistry I, 4
CHEM 404, General Chemistry II, 4
ZOOL 530, Principles of Applied Entomology, 4
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives, 4

B.A. in Plant Biology
Students must complete a minimum of 40 semester credits in the major. The curriculum provides a broad background in the liberal arts and plant biology. Students may enter this program as freshmen or transfer into it from other liberal arts or science programs. This program is of particular interest to students who intend to utilize their plant biology training in public relations, teaching, or other related careers in combination with a liberal arts background. The program allows for obtaining minors in other fields such as English, history and philosophy of science, international affairs, education, art, and the like, to create an interdisciplinary program, or to pursue a double major.

Requirements, Credits
PBIO 401, Plant Biology Orientation, 1
PBIO 412, Introductory Botany (waived if previous credit received for BIOL 411-412 or equivalent), 4
ZOOL 412, Principles of Zoology, 4
PBIO 501, Basic Biochemistry3 or
CHEM 545/546, Organic Chemistry & Lab, 5
BIOL 541, General Ecology, 4
PBIO 566, Systematic Botany
or PBIO 668, Summer Flora of N.H., 4
or PBIO 721, Microscopic Algae, 4
or PBIO 722, Marine Phycology, 4
BIOL 604, Principles of Genetics
or PBIO 612, Plant Genetics and Reproduction, 4
PBIO 701/702, Plant Physiology and Lab, 5

Upper Level Plant Biology Categories Electives
12 credits minimum
Select courses from several of the five plant biology categories (see B.S. program). PBIO 758 and 774 are also recommended.

General Education
Required: Group 3, CHEM 403-404, General Chemistry
Recommended: Group 2, BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I
Group 8, PHIL 424, Science, Technology, & Society; or HUMA 651, Humanities and Science: The Nature of Scientific Creativity

Other B.A. Requirements
Foreign Language (equivalent to one year of college language)

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.

Minors
The Department of Plant Biology participates in the interdisciplinary minor in plant pest management and offers two departmental minors: minor in plant biology and minor in environmental horticulture. These minors are available to all students and are designed to provide a flexible and broad selection of courses to complement any other major area of study.

The specific requirements of the minor in plant biology include PBIO 401, PBIO 412 or equivalent, and a minimum of 15 credits from the following list of courses: PBIO 566, 625, 651, 668, 701/702, 709, 711, 713, 714/715, 717, 719, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 727, 729, 744, 745, 747, 751, 752, 753, 754, 758, 761, 765, 766, 774/775, 795 (maximum of 4 cr.), 796.

The requirements for the environmental horticulture minor are PBIO 401, PBIO 421, and a minimum of 15 credits from the following list of courses: PBIO 546, 547, 557, 565, 566, 572, 612, 650, 651, 652, 655, 678, 682, 689, 701/702, 706/708; HT 263.

For selection of specific courses, see the department chair or your adviser.

Departmental Honors
Honors in plant biology or environmental horticulture will be awarded to students who complete 16 credits of honors courses in plant biology courses (including a minimum of 4 credits in a senior honors thesis project), and maintain a minimum grade-point average of 3.20 (overall average and in major coursework). Students wishing to apply to the departmental honors program should consult with Garrett Crow.


Soil Science

Courses

Soil scientists are concerned with proper management of our soil resources, in rural and urban environments, and with the essential role of soil in sustainable resource management. Growing national attention to environmental concerns has also created a need for soil scientists as members of interdisciplinary teams engaged in a variety of natural resource and environmental quality issues.

Career opportunities are excellent for graduates of the soil science program. There is a growing awareness that planning, design, and construction of public and private facilities must be compatible with the soil upon which these facilities are placed. Thus, the increasing urbanization of the Northeast has created a demand for soil scientists competent to advise on soil considerations during planning and development stages. Soils expertise is usually needed in identification of sensitive areas in need of protection. Soil scientists often play important roles in toxic waste remediation, aquifer protection, and site selection for hazardous waste disposal or storage. There is also a growing role for soil scientists with supplemental training in environmental chemistry who wish to work with plant scientists and foresters in developing sustainable systems for food and fiber production, or with planners in developing landscape management plans.

Students in the soil science program are given a strong analytical background for studying physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, as well as their classification and management. Graduates are well prepared for further study in graduate school, and professional certification is available through the American Registry of Certified Professionals in Soils.

Core Courses
A. Soil Science Courses
SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences
PBIO 546, Plants, Soils, and Environment
SOIL 607, Soil and Land Evaluation
SOIL 609, Soils and Community Planning
SOIL 611, Soils and Environmental Quality
SOIL 702, Chemistry of Soils
SOIL 703, Chemical Analysis of Soil
SOIL 704, Soil Genesis and Classification
SOIL 705, Forest Soils
WARM 716, Wetland Delineation

B. Natural Resources Courses
NR 401, Natural Resources Perspectives
FOR 527, Forest Ecology or
BIOL 541, General Ecology
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
NR 775, Natural Resources Senior Project

C. Support Courses
PBIO 412, Introductory Botany
BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I
CHEM 403-404, General Chemistry
ESCI 512, Principles of Mineralogy or ESCI 561, Surficial Processes
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics
Perspectives
PHYS 401 (or 407), Introduction to Physics I
One course in chemistry beyond CHEM 403-404.
One course in mathematics (MATH 420, 424B, or 425)
One writing course beyond ENGL 401 (ENGL 501, 503, 519, 529, DCE 596, or equivalent)

Students interested in the soil science major should consult with Elizabeth Rochette.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


Tourism Planning and Development

Chairperson: Alberto B. Manalo
Coordinator: Robert A. Robertson
Professors: John M. Halstead, Edmund F. Jansen, Jr., Bruce E. Lindsay
Associate Professors: Alberto B. Manalo, Robert A. Robertson
Extension Educator: Michael R. Sciabarrasi

Courses

Tourism creates immense economic activity, totaling more than $4 trillion dollars of world spending activity. Tourism is also an integral part of New England's economy. Experience has shown that the public and private sectors of the tourism industry benefit substantially from proper planning. Those locations with the best planned and managed tourism developments are likely to be the most successful tourist destinations from the standpoint of providing both high-quality tourist experiences and bringing substantial economic benefits with minimal disruptions to the social and natural environment. In response to these needs, the Department of Resource Economics and Development offers a bachelor of science degree in tourism planning and development from regional and international perspectives.

The tourism planning and development curriculum provides students with the skills and knowledge necessary to plan, develop, and manage natural, cultural, and financial resources in an environmentally responsible manner. The program utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to provide students with a strong liberal education supplemented by a broad professional understanding of tourism planning and its role in local, state, national, global economic, and social development. Students study both the social and environmental sciences in order to better understand the complexity of natural and social systems. The program emphasizes the practical application of planning and economic theory to the planning for the development of tourism resources.

Curriculum Structure
Students entering the major may choose either: (1) the regional tourism planning emphasis, which includes the core course and electives to support interest in planning and community development, or (2) a concentration in international tourism development, which includes the core, language competency, and coursework centered on international affairs and experience.

Core Courses
All majors must complete a core curriculum of twelve courses. TOUR 400, Introduction to Tourism; EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives; TOUR 439, Analyzing Community Systems; DCE 491, Computer/Information Systems Applications I (or equivalent); EREC 504, Business Management for Natural Resource Firms; MKTG 550, Survey of Marketing; SOC 601, Methods of Social Research; CD 614, Community Planning; TOUR 615, Tourism Planning and Development; TOUR 633, Economics of Travel and Tourism; and TOUR 700, Marketing Places. Class projects and a fourteen- to sixteen-week, full-time, supervised, professional internship (TOUR 794) enables students to meet and work in association with representatives from the public and private sectors of the tourism industry. All students must complete the internship and courses in a selected concentration area.

International Tourism Development Concentration
This concentration area prepares students to work in the dynamic and challenging environment of international tourism development. Depending on interests, language skills, and international experiences, students may expect to find employment in settings such as national tourism offices, international tourism organizations, national and foreign consults, and multinational tourism destination resorts. In addition to the required core courses, students who pursue the international tourism development concentration must complete the following departmental requirements: TOUR 705, Ecotourism; TOUR 792, International Experience; two TOUR electives; competency in a foreign language (i.e., functional reading, writing, and speaking ability equivalent to the third-year second-semester level); and two additional electives that will enhance students' career opportunities in the international area.

Regional Tourism Planning Concentration
This concentration area prepares students to obtain professional roles in planning in the public or private sectors of the tourism industry. Depending on interests and technical skills, students may expect to find employment in settings such as local and regional economic development organizations, chamber of commerce offices, convention and visitor bureaus, state and federal offices of tourism development, local and regional planning commissions, and resort communities. In addition to the required core courses, students who pursue the regional tourism planning concentration must complete the following departmental requirements: TOUR 767, Social Impact Assessment; TOUR 798, Independent Study in Tourism, Planning, and Development; two TOUR electives; and all requirements for a minor in community planning.

New England Regional Student Program
The B.S. in tourism planning and development program is one of the specialized curricula recognized by the New England Board of Higher Education and participates in the New England Regional Student Program. Under this program, students from the state of Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine receive some preferential admission consideration and, if admitted, pay the UNH in-state tuition rate plus 50 percent.


Water Resources Management

Courses

There is a critical need for individuals who understand how changes in land use affect water quantity and quality. The B.S. degree program in water resources management is designed to educate students in the principles of land management, biology, chemistry, water quality, and hydrology specifically as they relate to the management of water resources. The program stresses an interdisciplinary approach to resource management, including environmental, economic, social, and political considerations. Hands-on field experience is expected and research projects are encouraged.

This degree program is designed for students who intend to pursue advanced degree work in environmental studies or careers in government, in public or private utilities that manage land and water resources, in private consulting firms that offer water resource management services, and in any of a wide variety of not-for-profit organizations that address land and water resource issues.

The program is divided into three interacting parts: general education, core requirements, and an area of specialization or exploration. The core program provides a foundation in both physical and social sciences. The area of specialization or exploration allows students to pursue a minor or double major, or to survey a variety of courses relevant to water resources management. This allows students to tailor their education to meet individual areas of interest.

In addition to formal courses, all water resources management majors are required to participate in a relevant work experience or internship (WARM 500) and a senior project (NR 775). Students are responsible for identifying appropriate work experiences, although assistance is available from the faculty. Students may also choose to do a senior thesis (WARM 795).

Students who are interested in the water resources management B.S. program should contact William H. McDowell in the Department of Natural Resources.

General Education
ENGL 401, writing skills
MATH 424B, quantitative reasoning*
BIOL 411, science*
CHEM 403-404, general chemistry*
Elective, historical perspectives
Elective, foreign culture
Elective, fine arts
EREC 411, social science elective
Works of literature, philosophy, and ideas

Core Water Resources Management Degree Requirements
One additional course in writing or public speaking
BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I

PHYS 401, Intro Physics I
or PHYS 407, General Physics I

PHYS 402, Intro Physics II
or PHYS 408, General Physics II

BIOL 412, Principles of Biology II*
BIOL 541, General Ecology
CS 401, Computer Applications or equivalent expertise
CD 614, Community Planning*

ESCI 401, Principles of Geology I

ESCI 705, Principles of Hydrology

EREC 676, Economics of Water Use and Quality Management

SOIL 501, Introduction to Soil Sciences
WARM 500, Work Experience
WARM 504, Freshwater Resources
WARM 603, Watershed Water Quality Management
WARM 700, Critical Analysis of Water Resources Literature
WARM 721, Ecology of Polluted Waters
NR 401, Natural Resources Perspectives
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
NR 775, Natural Resources Senior Project

* Alternates available.

Each student must take a combination of courses, devised by the student and his or her adviser, that suitably defines a coherent area of professional specialization. Each student must accumulate a total of at least 128 credit hours.


Wildlife Management

Courses

The wildlife curriculum is for students interested in the ecology, conservation, and management of wild animals. It is designed to provide a knowledge of wildlife species and their various forest, field, and wetland habitats. Students are prepared for employment with public and private agencies in wildlife management, or for continued study at the graduate level.

Fieldwork is carried out during the academic year on local and regional wildlife areas. Each year, a two-week field session is held during June for all students who have completed the sophomore year. Majors are assisted and encouraged to obtain summer employment related to their career objectives.

The degree earned is a bachelor of science with a major in wildlife management. The program is administered in the Department of Natural Resources.

In addition to the normal University fees and tuition, wildlife students are required to meet special fee charges in connection with regularly planned field laboratory sessions.

Freshman Year
BIOL 411, Principles of Biology I
BIOL 412, Principles of Biology II
ENGL 401, Freshman English
FOR 425, Field Dendrology
MATH 424B, Calculus for Life Sciences
or MATH 420, Finite Mathematics
NR 401, Natural Resources Perspectives
WILD 433, Wildlife Ecology
Elective, physical science
or General Education elective

Sophomore Year
BIOL 528, Applied Biostatistics I
CHEM 403, General Chemistry
CHEM 404, General Chemistry
DCE 491, Computer/Information Systems Applications I
ENGL 501, Introduction to Prose Writing
or ENGL 503 or 519
EREC 411, Environmental and Resource Economics Perspectives
FOR 527, Forest Ecology
or BIOL 541, General Ecology
FOR 542, Forestland Measurement and Mapping (2-week summer course)
ZOOL 542, Ornithology or equivalent
Elective

Junior Year
NR 602, Natural Resources and Environmental Policy
NR 709, Fire Ecology Seminar
or WILD 710, Endangered Species Seminar
WILD 615, Wildlife Habitats
WILD 655, Vertebrate Biology
WILD 737, Wildlife Population Dynamics
ZOOL 625, Principles of Animal Physiology
ZOOL 690, Evolution
Elective

Senior Year
FOR 629, Silviculture or equivalent
NR 775, Natural Resources Senior Project
WILD 636, Wildlife Techniques
WILD 738, Wildlife Policy and Management
Elective
Elective
Elective

*Electives should be used to satisfy remaining general education requirements and the wildlife major requirements in the areas of policy and administration, communication skills, and physical sciences (one course in each area--pertinent courses are listed in the detailed wildlife curricular guidelines available from the department).

Students interested in the wildlife management major may consult with the program coordinator, Peter Pekins, James Hall.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.


Zoology

Chairperson: James F. Haney
Professors: Ann C. Bucklin, John F. Burger, Donald S. Chandler, James F. Haney, Larry G. Harris, W. Huntting Howell, Thomas D. Kocher, James T. Taylor, Charles W. Walker, Winsor H. Watson III
Adjunct Professors: Arthur C. Borror, Miyoshi Ikawa, Philip J. Sawyer
Associate Professors: Marianne Klauser Litvaitis, Michelle P. Scott
Research Associate Professors: Raymond E. Grizzle, Michael Lesser
Assistant Professor: Jessica A. Bolker
Adjunct Assistant Professors: David T. Bernstein, Michele Dionne, Richard Langan, Leslie J. Newman, Barry J. Wicklow
Instructor: Mary Katherine Lockwood

The Department of Zoology has a primary responsibility for undergraduate and graduate instruction in fundamental aspects of animal biology, including the principles of form, function, development, and diversity produced by animal evolution. The teaching program provides a broad coverage of basic biological processes in invertebrate and vertebrate animals at the cellular, organismic, population, and community levels. Students receive background for a variety of professional positions in the public and private sector, and for graduate programs in the biological sciences including health-related fields. The department offers the bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, master of science, and doctor of philosophy degrees. Zoology faculty contribute significantly to the biology core curriculum, marine biology minor, genetics program, University Honors Program, Ocean Projects and Undergraduate Research Opportunity programs, and courses at the Shoals Marine Laboratory.

There is a strong teaching and research emphasis on ecological and physiological processes in aquatic animals or ecosystems. This focus is enhanced by the geographical location of the University and the availability of facilities for aquatic research. The University's location and facilities provide unique opportunities for the study of aquatic and terrestrial animals due to its access to the seacoast and the lakes region of New Hampshire, and the presence of two coastal marine laboratories, as well as estuarine and freshwater laboratories.

The zoology major builds from the common background of the biology core curriculum, with ample time for third- and fourth-year students to concentrate in specialized disciplines such as marine and freshwater biology, behavior, cell and developmental biology, ecology, evolution, fisheries, physiology, and neurobiology. Zoology majors must complete 32 credits from courses in the biological sciences approved by the department with a 2.00 average. Students must receive a minimum grade of C- in major requirements taught in the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture (e.g., zoology, microbiology, biology, biochemistry). A passing grade in major requirements taught outside the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture (e.g., chemistry, mathematics, physics) is acceptable. Minimum requirements for the zoology (B.S.) major are as follows: completion of the biology core courses and required courses in animal morphology, physiology and development, plus advanced electives in zoology and other biological sciences.

Students who are interested in a zoology major should consult the department's undergraduate adviser or chair.

General Science Certification
Students majoring in animal sciences, biochemistry, biology, environmental conservation, forestry, microbiology, plant biology, soil science, water resources management, wildlife management, zoology, or general studies may seek certification to teach science at the middle or junior high school level.

For further information, contact the coordinator of teacher education in the Department of Education.