| Plant Biology |
PBIO 400 - Plants and Civilization
Credits:
4.00
Global experience of human interactions with plants and ways
in which plants have contributed to the development and
flourishing of human societies. Includes role of plants in
providing sustenance, clothing and shelter, quest for spices
and the historical consequences of plant explorations and
exploitations, the power to heal or kill, plants in
mythology and spiritual endeavors, plants that alter
consciousness, plant diseases and human history, plants as
energy for society, and the Green Revolution--global change
and feeding the world in the future. Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 401 - Plant Biology Orientation
Credits:
1.00
Overview of plant biology research and teaching facilities;
introduction to research, extension, and educational
functions within the department; career opportunities in
plant biology. Required of all plant biology majors. CR/F.
PBIO 407 - Sustainable Gardening
Credits:
4.00
Sustainability issues related to growing of ornamental
plants and vegetables. Practical gardening techniques based
on ecological principles. Composting, garden design,
nonchemical management of pests and diseases, and plant
culture. Hands-on labs and field trips to innovative gardens
and farms. An introductory course for plant biology and
non-major students. Special fee. Lab. (Summer only.)
PBIO 412 - Introductory Botany
Credits:
4.00
Plants in their natural environments: their structure,
function, growth, reproduction, and evolutionary diversity.
Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 421 - Concepts of Plant Growth
Credits:
4.00
Fundamentals underlying plant growth and response in natural
and modified environments. Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 421H - Honors/Concepts Plant Growth
Credits:
4.00
See description for PBIO 421.
PBIO 501 - Basic Biochemistry
Credits:
3.00
Fundamentals of general and plant biochemistry for students
in majors not requiring the biology core, e.g., health
sciences, agricultural sciences, environmental biology.
(Will not substitute for BCHM 658-659, BCHM 751-752.) Not
open to first-year students; not offered every year.
Prereq: CHEM 403-404 or equivalent.
PBIO 503 - Introduction to Marine Biology
Credits:
4.00
A course emphasizing the organization of marine biological
communities. Various marine environments-pelagic, benthic,
temperate, tropical-and their characteristic communities.
Major emphasis on the approaches (e.g., analysis of energy
flow and predator-prey interactions) used to analyze marine
communities as well as the sampling techniques employed
for each approach and the characteristic habitat type.
Prereq: BIOL 411-412. Special fee. (Also offered as ZOOL
503.)
PBIO 546 - Plants, Soils, and Environment
Credits:
4.00
Plant, soil, and environment relationships under natural and
modified conditions with emphasis on soils as the foundation
resource for plant production. Principles and practice of
organic and conventional culture to sustain and improve
soils/crops. Contemporary activities impacting soils as part
of ecosystems. Prereq: CHEM 403 or permission. Special fee.
Lab.
PBIO 547 - Environmental Horticulture
Credits:
4.00
Effects of environmental factors such as nutrition, light,
and temperature on plant growth and development. Hands-on
learning of a scientific approach to plant production, with
an emphasis on producing high-quality greenhouse plants.
Diagnosis of plant problems related to environmental
factors. Issues of environmental quality related to
intensive horticultural production. Special fee.
PBIO 557 - Small Fruit Crop Management
Credits:
2.00
Management strategies for a wide variety of small fruit
crops appropriate for growing in the United States: soils,
nutrition, climatic considerations, integrated pest
management, marketing, and economics.
PBIO 565 - Turf Management
Credits:
4.00
Adaptation and management of fine turf grasses for
recreational, aesthetic, and functional use. Lab.
PBIO 566 - Systematic Botany
Credits:
4.00
Scientific basis of plant taxonomy and the identification
and the identification and classificaton of major plant
families, native trees, shrubs, and wild flowers. Field
trips, plant collection. Prereq: BIOL 412 or PBIO 412. Lab.
Special fee.
PBIO 572 - Plant Propagation
Credits:
4.00
Sexual and asexual propagation of horticultural plants.
Prereq: PBIO 421/equivalent or permission. Special fee.
Lab.
PBIO 600 - Field Experience
Credits:
1.00 to 4.00
A supervised experience providing the opportunity to
apply academic experience in setting associated with future
professional employment and/or related graduate
opportunity to apply academic experience in settings
associated with future professional employment and/or
related graduate opportunities. Must be approved by a
faculty adviser selected by the student. May be repeated to
a maximum of 8 credit hours. Prereq: permission. CR/F.
PBIO 601 - Biology of Plants
Credits:
4.00
Structural and functional biology of the plant organism,
with emphasis on land plants. Evolution of vegetative
processes and sexual reproduction. Prereq: PBIO 412 or
BIOL 411-412, general chemistry. Special fee.
PBIO 612 - Plant Genetics and Reproduction
Credits:
4.00
Introduction to plant domestication, Mendelian inheritance,
plant reproduction, biochemical basis of inheritance, plant
breeding, and biotechnology of crop plants. Prereq: CHEM
403:PBIO 412 or equivalent. Will not satisfy biology core
requirement for genetics.
PBIO 625 - Introduction to Marine Botany
Credits:
4.00
Life history, classification, and ecology of micro- and
macroscopic marine plants, including phytoplankton,
seaweed, and salt marsh plants, and the interactions
between humans and marine plant communities. Occasional
Saturday morning field trips. Prereq: BIOL 412 or PBIO 412
or permission. Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 650 - Crop Production Technologies
Credits:
3.00
Major technologies and systems for intensive production of
warm season vegetable crops, including traditional and
alternative tillage and fertilizer practices, irrigation
systems, storage systems, and use of various plasti-culture
techniques (mulches, row covers, high tunnels, and
greenhouses) to extend the growing season. Prereq: PBIO 421
or equivalent or permission; PBIO 546 and 547 recommended.
(Not offered every year.)
PBIO 651 - Plant Pathology
Credits:
4.00
Nature, symptomatology, etiology, epidemiology, and
control of important plant diseases. Prereq: PBIO 412,
BIOL 411-412, or equivalent. Lab.
PBIO 652 - Culture of Vegetable Crops
Credits:
3.00
Origin, distribution, adaptation and culture of major
temperate and subtropical vegetable crops. Lectures will
emphasize information on varieties, planting systems,
cultivation, pest control, harvesting, and storage for New
England growing conditions. Prereq: PBIO 421 or 412 or
equivalent or permission; PBIO 546 recommended. (Not offered
every year.)
PBIO 653 - Forest and Shade Tree Pathology
Credits:
4.00
Principles, symptomatology, etiology, and control of forest
and shade tree diseases. Prereq: PBIO 412 or BIOL 412 or
equivalent. Lab. Special fee.
PBIO 655 - Tree Fruit Management
Credits:
3.00
Management systems for the major tree fruit crops grown
in the northeastern United States. Emphasis on integrated
orchard management and environmental considerations,
planting systems, tree training, nutrition, pest management,
and marketing and economics. Prereq: 412 or 421 or
equivalent. Writing intensive.
PBIO 668 - Summer Flora of New Hampshire
Credits:
4.00
Study of the flora of New Hampshire. Topics include major
vegetation types, common plant families, plant
identification, and field techniques. Prereq: basic botany
or permission. Field trips. Special fee.
PBIO 678 - Nursery Crop Production
Credits:
4.00
Application of the fundamentals of environmental
horticulture to the commercial production of woody
ornamentals and perennials. Crop management and culture,
problem diagnosis, pest management, marketing, and
environmental considerations of crop production. Prereq:
PBIO 547. Lab. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 679 - Landscape Management
Credits:
3.00
Relates the principles of plant growth and development to
current theory and practice in the establishment and
maintenance of landscape plants. Plant selection, site
assessment, planting techniques, cultural practices and
diagnosis of problems are addressed with emphasis on
environmental sustainability. Prereq: PBIO 547 or
permission. Special fee. (Offered every other year.)
PBIO #682 - Sustainable Food Systems
Credits:
4.00
Resource use in the food chain. Historical perspective
of traditional management and sustainability. Genetic and
physiological basis for improved resource use in plant/
animal systems. Resource depletion and opportunities for
recovery/substitution. Comparative analysis of enterprises
in terms of profitability. Socioeconomic and ethical issues
associated with technological innovation. Field trips.
Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 689 - Greenhouse Crop Management
Credits:
4.00
Production of annuals, herbaceous perennials, and flowering
bulbs. Hands-on learning of production aspects including
nutrition and irrigation management, and details of specific
floricultural crops. Business management for greenhouse and
nursery operations is covered, including use of computer
spreadsheet tools. Prereq: PBIO 547. Lab. Special fee.
(Offered alternate years.)
PBIO 701 - Plant Physiology
Credits:
3.00
Structure-function relationship of plants, internal and
external factors regulating plant growth and development,
plant hormones, plant metabolism, water relations, and
mineral nutrition. Prereq: PBIO 412 or PBIO 421or BIOL
411-412; one year of college chemistry (e.g., CHEM 403-404);
PBIO 501 or permission.
PBIO 702 - Plant Physiology Laboratory
Credits:
2.00
Analytical techniques for plant physiology, effects of
growth regulators on plant growth and development, cell
and tissue culture, enzyme kinetics, and plant water
relations. Pre- or Coreq: PBIO 606. Special fee.
PBIO 709 - Plant Stress Physiology
Credits:
3.00
Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plant responses
to abiotic stresses including drought, salt, high and low
temperature, visible and ultra-violet radiation, heavy
metals, and air pollutants. Current hypotheses, agricultural
and ecological implications are discussed. Prereq: plant
physiology, biochemistry:/or permission.
PBIO 711 - Plant Cell Biochemistry
Credits:
3.00
Selected topics in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic
metabolism of plant cells, including inorganic and organic
nitrogen metabolism, lipid and pigment synthesis and
degradation, glycolysis and respiration, nitrogen fixation,
and integration and regulation of cell functions. Prereq: an
introductory course in Biochemistry; Plant Physiology or
permission. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 713 - Photosynthesis
Credits:
4.00
Physiology and biochemistry of photosynthesis in higher
plants and microorganisms: light reactions, electron
transport, membrane structure and function, carbon
assimilation pathways, energy conservation, and metabolic
regulation. Agronomic and ecological aspects of
photosynthesis are examined. Prereq: plant physiology or
biochemistry (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 714 - Electron Microscopy
Credits:
2.00
Theory and principles involved in preparing plant and animal
tissue for observation with the transmission (TEM) and
scanning (SEM) electron microscopes; shadow casting;
photographic techniques; stereology; and presentation of
micrographs for publication. Prereq: permission.
Co-requisites:
PBIO 715 - Electron Microscopy Lab
Credits:
3.00
Practical application of theoretical principles and
practices used in preparing and observing plant and animal
tissues with the transmission and electron microscopes.
Student project assigned. Prereq: permission. Special fee.
Co-requisites:
PBIO 714
PBIO 717 - General Limnology
Credits:
4.00
Introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems with
emphasis on lakes. Origins of lakes and the effects of
watersheds on lake chemistry and nutrient cycling are
explored. Other topics include the impact of human
disturbances on productivity and aquatic food webs and
methods used for the management and restoration of lakes.
Comparisons are made of the structure and functions of lake
ecosystems found in temperate, tropical and arctic regions.
Prereq: BIOL 541 or equivalent. (Also offered as ZOOL 717.)
PBIO 719 - Field Limnology
Credits:
4.00
Ecology of lakes and other freshwater habitats examined
through field studies. Emphasizes modern methods for
studying lakes; analysis and interpretation of data; and
writing of scientific papers. Seminars on research papers
and student presentations of class studies. Field trips to a
variety of lakes, from the coastal plain to White Mountains;
investigate problems, such as eutrophication, acidification,
biodiversity and biotoxins. Capstone experiences include
interaction with state agencies, lake stakeholders and the
submission of written manuscripts for publication. (Also
offered as ZOOL 719.) Special fee. Writing intensive.
PBIO 720 - Plant Nutrition
Credits:
4.00
Mineral nutrition of higher plants, behavior of nutrients in
the soil and in plants, environmental and genetic factors
that influence nutrient absorption and translocation, and
visual diagnosis and remediation of plant nutrient
deficiencies and toxicities. Special fee.
PBIO 721 - Microscopic Algae
Credits:
4.00
Survey of phytoplankton and periphyton in local marine
and freshwater habitats. Identification, systematics, and
evolution. Class and individual collection trips. Prereq:
BIOL 412 or PBIO 412 or 703. Lab. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 722 - Marine Phycology
Credits:
4.00
Identification, classification, ecology, and life histories
of the major groups of marine algae, particularly the
benthonic marine algae of New England. Periodic field trips.
Prereq: BIOL 412 or PBIO 412 or 703. Lab. (Not offered every
year.)
PBIO 723 - Seaweeds, Plankton, and Seagrass: The Ecology and Systematics of Marine Plants
Credits:
4.00
An introduction to the biology of marine plants, with an
emphasis on the macroalgae common to the Gulf of Maine and
found in abundance at the Isles of Shoals. Lecture topics
will include productivity in the world's oceans, rocky shore
ecology, commercial cultivation of algae, and phytoplankton
ecology, as well as molecular analysis of the evolution and
biogography of marine plants. Field and laboratory exercises
include collection and identification of algae from
Appledore's intertidal and subtidal habitats, experimental
design and data analysis for field study, and tidepool
community surveys. Individual field projects may involve
studies of algae growth, productivity as it relates to
morphology, photosynthesis, and desiccation during low tide.
Daily and evening lectures, laboratories and field work.
Prereq: Field Marine science or one year of introductory
biology. (Summers only, at Shoal's Marine Lab.)
PBIO 724 - Freshwater Algal Ecology
Credits:
4.00
Survey of freshwater algal habitats; physiological
explanation of population models. Individual experimental
projects. Prereq: PBIO 717 or permission. (Not offered every
year.) Special fee.
PBIO 725 - Marine Ecology
Credits:
4.00
Marine environment and its biota, emphasizing intertidal
and estuarine habitats. Includes field, laboratory, and
independent research project. Prereq: general ecology;
permission. Marine invertebrate zoology, oceanography, and
statistics are desirable. (Also offered as ZOOL 725.)
Special fee. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 726 - Integrated Pest Management
Credits:
4.00
Integration of pest management techniques involving
biological, cultural, and chemical control with principles
of ecology into management approaches for pests. Prereq:
permission. Writing intensive.
PBIO 727 - Algal Physiology
Credits:
3.00
Survey of major topics in the physiology and biochemistry
of marine and freshwater algae including: nutrition,
metabolic pathways, reproductive physiology, storage and
extracellular products, cell inclusions, growth and
development. Prereq: plant physiology or introductory
biochemistry or permission. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 729 - Algal Physiology Laboratory
Credits:
2.00
Useful laboratory techniques in studying the physiology of
freshwater and marine algae. Experiments in nutrition,
metabolism, pigment, and enzyme analysis. Small research
project required. Prereq: concurrent registration in PBIO
727; permission. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 740 - Ecological Agriculture
Credits:
4.00
Application of ecological concepts and principles to the
design of agricultural ecosystems. Processes in natural
ecosystems will be used as models for sustainable
agricultural management. The course will emphasize
self-directed, project-based learning during which students
will individually and in groups apply their knowledge in the
analysis of real world agroecosystems. Prereq: PBIO 546 or
equivalent; permission.
PBIO 747 - Aquatic Higher Plants
Credits:
4.00
Flowering plants and fern relatives found in and about
bodies of water in the northeastern United States; extensive
field and herbarium work, preparation techniques, and
collections. Prereq: PBIO 566 or permission. Lab. (Not
offered every year.)
PBIO 751 - Cell Culture
Credits:
5.00
Theory and principles fundamental to the culture of cells in
vitro. Introduction to techniques of preparation and
maintenance of animal, plant, insect, and fish cell
cultures. Application of cell culture to contemporary
research in biological sciences. Prereq: MICR 503;
permission. (Also offered as ANSC 751 and MICR 751.)
Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 752 - Mycology
Credits:
4.00
Classification, identification, culturing, life histories,
and ecology of fungi, from slime molds to hallucinogenic
mushrooms; the significance of fungi in human history, from
their contributions to the art of bread making and alcoholic
fermentation to their destructiveness as agents of deadly
diseases of plants and animals. Prereq: BIOL 411-412 or PBIO
412 or equivalent. Special fee. Lab.
PBIO 753 - Cytogenetics
Credits:
4.00
Chromosome structure, function, and evolution. Eukaryotic
genome organization. Theory of, and laboratory techniques
for, cytogenetic analysis in plants and animals. Prereq:
prin. of genetics. Special fee. Lab. (Also offered as GEN
753. Not offered every year.)
PBIO 753H - Honors/Cytogenetics
Credits:
4.00
See description for PBIO 753.
PBIO 754 - Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nucleic Acids
Credits:
5.00
Application of modern techniques to the analysis of
biomolecules, with an emphasis on nucleic acids; includes
DNA isolation and analysis, cloning, sequencing, and
analysis of gene products. No credit if credit has been
received for MICR 704. Prereq: BHM 658/659; 751, or
permission. (Also offered as BCHM 754 and GEN 754.) Special
fee. (Not offered every year.) Writing intensive.
PBIO 758 - Plant Anatomy
Credits:
5.00
Anatomy of vascular plants, emphasizing structure and
development of basic cell and tissue types, and of the
major plant organs. Prereq: BIOL 412 or PBIO 412. Lab.
(Not offered every year.)
PBIO 761 - Biodiversity: A Phytogeographic Perspective
Credits:
4.00
Global view of biodiversity, floras and vegetation types,
from a phytogeographical perspective. Major factors such as
climatic, edaphic, biotic, geologic, glaciation on
distributions. Four Saturday field trips: Mt. Washington,
northern bogs, old-growth forest, coastal dunes. Prereq:
PBIO 566 or permission. (Not offered every year). Special
fee. Writing intensive.
PBIO 766 - Plant-Microbe Interactions
Credits:
3.00
Physical, chemical, genetic, and molecular methods utilized
by plant pathogens in interactions with plants, as well as
plant defense mechanisms. Major groups of plant pathogens
(bacteria, fungi and viruses) will be discussed, as will
beneficial plant-microbe symbioses. (Also offered as
MICR 766.)
PBIO 772 - Evolutionary Genetics of Plants
Credits:
4.00
Mechanisms of genetic change in plant evolution,
domestication, breeding, genetic engineering. Topics include
Darwinian theory; speciation and hybridization; origins and
co-evolution of nuclear and organelle genomes; gene and
genome evolution; transposable elements, chromosome
rearrangements, polypliody. Lab: DNA techniques, sequence
analysis programs, phylgenetic trees. Special fee. Prereq:
BIOL 604 or equivalent; PBIO 412 or BIOL 411/412 or
equivalent. (Also offered as GEN 772.) Special fee.
PBIO #773 - Breeding Improved Variety
Credits:
4.00
Techniques for creating new varieties of crop and ornamental
plants. Prereq: genetics. (Not offered every year.)
PBIO 774 - Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Credits:
3.00
Plant transformation and regeneration, gene isolation and
identification, structure and regulation of plant genes,
current applications of plant genetic engineering,
environmental and social implications. Prereq: BIOL 604 or
permission. (Also offered as GEN 774.)
PBIO 775 - Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab
Credits:
2.00
Techniques for genetic transformation and selection of
plants, analysis of foreign gene expression, and plant cell
and tissue culture. Coreq: PBIO or GEN 774. (Also offered as
GEN 775.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)
Co-requisites:
PBIO 774
PBIO 795 - Investigations
Credits:
1.00 to 6.00
Topics may include systematic botany, plant physiology,
plant pathology, plant anatomy, plant ecology, mycology,
cell biology, phycology, botanical teaching, morphology,
cell physiology, scientific writing, microtechnique, cell
and tissue culture, history of botany, genetics, plant
utilization, or teaching experience. Individual projects
under faculty guidance. Prereq: permission. (4 credit
maximum per semester for any single section.) May be
repeated.
PBIO 796 - Special Topics
Credits:
1.00 to 4.00
Occasional offerings in subject matter not covered by
existing courses. A) Systematic Botany, B) Physiology,
C) Plant Pathology, D) Anatomy, E) Morphology, F) Ecology,
G) Mycology, H) Phycology, I) Cell Biology, J) Genetics,
K) Evolution, L) Plant Utilization, M) Plant Molecular
Biology, N) Developmental Plant Biology, O) Cell & Tissue
Culture, P) Physiological Ecology, Q) Plant Disease Control,
R) Plant Hormones, S) Crop Management, T) Biotechnology,
U) Plant Nutrition, V) Agroecology, W) History & Philosophy
Prereq: permission. May be repeated. No more than 4cr.
maximum per semester for any single section.
PBIO 797 - Senior Seminar
Credits:
1.00
Library research, presentation, and discussion of current
topics in plant biology. Attendance of selected seminars
in related subject areas. Required of all senior majors in
environmental horticulture. CR/F. (Fall semesters only.)
PBIO 799 - Honors Senior Thesis
Credits:
2.00 to 4.00
Students work under the direction of a faculty sponsor to
plan and carry out independent research resulting in a
written thesis. Two-semester sequence; IA grade (continuous
course) given at end of first semester. May be repeated to a
total of 6 credits. Writing intensive.