LIMESTONE CONTACTORS

 LIST OF CONTENTS

  Introduction

  Process Description

  Typical Contactor

  Design Criteria

  Photos, Plans & Specs

  Treatment Performance

  Operational Skills

  Automation Potential

  Advantages

  Limitations & Concerns

  Pilot Plant Objectives

  Costs 

  References

  Contacts & Facilities

 

TREATMENT PERFORMANCE - CONTINUED

(B) Limestone Contactor Performance in Several New Hampshire Water Systems

There are several water systems in New Hampshire that use limestone contactors for corrosion control (Lucey, 2003). These systems include community water systems and non-transient community water systems (Thayer, 2001). Most of these water systems obtained their raw water sources from bedrock wells. Others obtained their raw water sources from either gravel well or surface water (Thayer, 2001). 5 shows the summary of treatment performance of the limestone contactors in New Hampshire.

(C) Limestone Contactor Performance in Bredasdorp, South Africa

In Bredasdorp, problems of “blue” and “red” water were common prior to limestone stabilization in 1996 (Daniels et al., 2002). Blue and red water are caused by high level of iron and copper. 6 shows the effectiveness of limestone contactor by comparing the water quality before (in 1996) and after stabilization (in 2001). The treated water quality was monitored at various sampling points within the Bredasdorp drinking water distribution network. After limestone stabilization, the treated water characteristics within the network were improved. The Calcium Carbonate Dissolution Potentials (CCDP) were low and the pH values were generally greater than 8.3 (Daniels et al., 2002).

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