LIMESTONE CONTACTORS

 LIST OF CONTENTS

  Introduction

  Process Description

  Typical Contactor

  Design Criteria

  Photos, Plans & Specs

  Treatment Performance

  Operational Skills

  Automation Potential

  Advantages

  Limitations & Concerns

  Pilot Plant Objectives

  Costs 

  References

  Contacts & Facilities

 

REFERENCES - CONTINUED

26. Hernández, M. (2003). Personal Communication. Head of the Canary Islands Water Center.

27. Kearney, F. (2002). Personal Communication. Superintendent of Mars Hill Blaine Water Co. Filter Plant, Maine.

28.Kettunen, R., and Keskitalo, P. (2000). "Combination of membrane technology and limestone filtration to control drinking water quality". Desalination. 131:1-3:271-283.

29. Letterman, R.D., Driscoll, C.T., Haddad, M., and Hsu, H.A. (1987). "Limestone bed contactors for control of corrosion at small water utilities". Report Submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Laboratory. Cooperative Agreement CR-809979-01-3. EPA/600/2-86/099.

30. Letterman, R.D., Hadad, M. and Driscoll, C.T. (May/June 1991). "Limestone contactors: steady-state design relationship". Journal of Environmental Engineering-ASCE. 117:3:339-358.

31. Letterman, R. D. (1995). "Calcium carbonate dissolution in limestone contactors". Report submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. (Cooperative Agreement No. 814926). EPA/600/R-95/068.

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