LIMESTONE CONTACTORS

 LIST OF CONTENTS

  Introduction

  Process Description

  Typical Contactor

  Design Criteria

  Photos, Plans & Specs

  Treatment Performance

  Operational Skills

  Automation Potential

  Advantages

  Limitations & Concerns

  Pilot Plant Objectives

  Costs 

  References

  Contacts & Facilities

 

LIMITATIONS AND CONCERNS

Limestone contactors have a few limitations as listed below (Stepp, 2002):

  1. There is no direct control of the treatment process.
  2. Depending on the quality of the raw water (pH and alkalinity), limestone contactors may not be able to raise pH very much.
  3. Capital costs can be significant compared to chemical feed systems.
  4. As water systems get larger, the footprint required for the contactors can be substantial.

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