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LIST
OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Process Description
Typical
Contactor
Design
Criteria
Photos, Plans & Specs
Treatment
Performance
Operational
Skills
Automation
Potential
Advantages
Limitations
& Concerns
Pilot
Plant Objectives
Costs
References
Contacts & Facilities
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ADVANTAGES
Limestone contactors effectively reduce the dissolution of
corrosion products; such as lead, copper and zinc from piping
surfaces (Letterman et al., 1987; Letterman, 1995) by using
a simple, safe and cost-effective process. Limestone contactors
have been proven to be suitable for small public water treatment
plants since it eliminates the common problems associated with
using chemical dosing equipment. Since limestone contactors
do not require chemical feed, there is no risk of chemical overdose.
Therefore, it is safe for both operators and the public (Spencer,
1998).
Limestone contactors are also cost competitive compared to
traditional corrosion control treatment technologies since minimal
operation and maintenance effort are required (Spencer, 1998).
Compared to traditional corrosion control technologies, limestone
contactors only require backwashing, media refilling and media
replacement as required maintenance.
If regular maintenance is carried out, a successfully designed
limestone contactor will last for a long period of time between
media replacement. According to Stauder (2002) and Spencer (2002),
limestone contactors are expected to operate for 10 years before
it needs complete media replacement. Benjamin et al. (1992)
predicted the operational period of limestone contactor in their
study to last 20 years until it needs complete media replacement.
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