The information processing approach
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This outline is based on Furhmann and Grasha (1983) A Practical Handbook for College Teachers, Chapters 3 and 4.
I. Cognitive Perspectives on Learning
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The information processing approach |
- Motivational issues
- DeCharms on origins and pawns
- Deci, etc. on effects of external reinforcers
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Piaget and Formal Operations |
- Wollman and Lawson on teaching formal skills
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Integrating Critical Thinking (Much More Later) |
- Adversary approach
- Teaching inductive abilities
- Encouragement to form concepts
- Practice interpreting data
- Application of principles
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Acquisition of Information |
- Attention
• reactive and conditioned inhibition
• helpful hints to foster and maintain attention
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Memory |
- Short-term and long-term memory
- Levels-of-processing
- Improving memory
• repeat
• suggest organizing devices for the content
• advance organizers
• mental imagery
• elaboration
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Cognitive Learning Styles |
II. Behaviorism Approach
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Overview |
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Motivational issues |
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Acquisition of information |
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Structuring the learning environment |
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Role of feedback and reinforcement |
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Approaches |
- Personalized System of Instruction
- Contingency contracting
III. Humanistic Approach
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Overview |
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Motivational Issues |
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Acquisition of Information |
- Teacher as facilitator
- Teacher-student contracts
- Content and affect
IV. What is Your Theory of Instruction?