An Iconography of the Trumpet Netherlands Artists, 17th Century

Status of June 2002

PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.

However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to

Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)

I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry.

The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).

Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.

**

[NL] Dutch Artists

I: Old Testament

David: [Bray Pa] Jan de Bray (ca.1627-1697). David Playing the Harp. Braunschweig HAUM. There are also two trumpeters (only the bells of the instruments are visible). (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 78 [not exhibited], as 1674) Variant: Gosford Park, Coll. Earl of Wemyss. (exh Edinburgh NGS 1957: Pictures from Gosford House lent by the Earl of Wemyss and March. cat. no. 26, fig. 6; Vis. Coll. 374.B739.12D)

David, Triumph of: [Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Triumph of David (1671). Copenhagen SMfK. Includes a group of men playing violin, flute, straight trumpet, tambourine and drum (child). There is also a group of musical women. (exh Washington DC, NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. p. 79 [not exh]; Vis. Coll. 374.St.3.12D)

Other: [Hoet Dr] Hoet, Gerard I (1648-1733). The Israelites Transporting the Ark of the Covenant. New York art market (1985). drawing. Two trumpeters precede the Ark. (Die Weltkunst 55 [1985] 286. Notes engravings in the Halma Bible, Amsterdam 1706, and the Saurin Bible, Antwerp 1728-1736, fol. I, p. 524; and notes a related drawing in Vienna Albertina)

[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Samson Tricked by the Philistines/The Capture of Samson. Antwerp KMSK. Includes two trumpeters. (Antwerp KMSK. De oude Schilderkunst in het Koninklijk Museum to Antwerpen. Antwerp 1940. p. 89 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.St3.12S)

[Steen Pa] _______. The Capture of Samson. Cologne WRM. Includes a youth playing a trumpet. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 211 [not exhibited], as ca.1668; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 429; M. Westermann. The Amusements of Jan Steen ... Zwolle 1997. p. 282 [small reproduction]; 1957 Führer. pl. 80; Katalog der Gemälde III: Niederländische Gemälde 1550-1800. p. 157; Vis. Coll. 374.St3.12S[b])

[Victors Pa] Victors, Jan (1620-1676). The Inaugural Ride of King Solomon (I Kings 1: 38-40). Berlin art market (1905). Heralds in extravagant livery lead the procession, playing straight trumpet and hooked trumpet (puffed cheeks). (sale, Lepke, Berlin, 14.II.1905, lot 83, as Triumph of Mordecai; Oud-Holland 82 [1967] 79)

II: New Testament

Cana, Wedding at: [Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). The Wedding Feast at Cana. Dublin NGI (ex coll. Sir Alfred Beit). Musicians in a gallery sing and play violin, bass (?) viol, bagpipe, straight trumpet and frame drum. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, no. 43, p. 239 [fine color reproduction], frontispiece [detail, with bagpipe, trumpet and drum visible], as ca.1670-72; M. Westermann. The Amusements of Jan Steen ... Zwolle 1997. pl. V [ok color reproduction], as ca.1670-72; Connoisseur 139 [June 1957] 73, notes exh Dublin, Municipal Art Gallery, 1957; Vis. Coll. 374.St.3.24C)

Last Judgement: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Trumpeters.

Other: [Berchem Pa] Berchem, Nicolaes (1620-1683). Paulus and Barnabas in Lystra (1650). Saint-Etienne, Musée d'Art et Industrie. Includes a prominent trumpeter. (exh Frankfurt am Main SKI, 2000: Holländischer Klassizismus ... no. 44)

V: Mythology

Bacchanals: [Lairesse Dr] Lairesse, Gerard de (1641-1711), attr. Bacchanal. Darmstadt, Hessisches Landesmuseum. drawing. Includes a figure blowing a deeply curved reverse-curve horn or trumpet with a serpent-head bell. Other figures play cornett (?), straight trumpet and tambourine. (A. McN. Kettering. The Dutch Arcadia ... Montclair NJ 1983. fig. 185. As "Procession with Silvio Carrying the Head of the Erimanthian Boar (?)"; Vis. Coll. 374d.L145.90[b])

Mercury: [Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). Apotheosis of the Battle of Zenta, 1697. etching. Includes Mercury, prominent with his caduceus, playing a trumpet. (Oud-Holland 72 [1962] 106)

Muses: [Wsc Hamburg Kunst und Gewerbe] Dutch, ca. 1666. Boxwood picture frame. Hamburg, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe. Includes several musical Muses, including "Klio" with a sort of straight trumpet (long, with fingerholes and a bulge near the bell) and a figure blowing a straight trumpet, seated on a figure who has a curved horn around her neck and plays two handbells. (exh 1964: Hamburg, Die Campe'sche Historische Kunststiftung. Erwerbung seit 1945. pl. 20; Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 7 [1962] p. 9, detail of "Gerücht"/Rumor p. 26. Identifies the figure blowing the straight trumpet as Gloria/Fame, and the seated figure as "Gerücht/"Rumor.)

[Codde Pa] Codde, Pieter (1599-1678). Minerva and the Muses. Bremen KH. Includes an unplayed trumpet. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 88)

[Everdingen Pa] Everdingen, Caesar Boëtius van (ca.1617-1678). Pegasus and Four Muses. The Hague, Huis ten Bosch, Oranjezaal. Includes a sort of musical still life in the foreground, including a partly visible trumpet. unimp. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 258, as ca. 1650)

Other: [Sc Amsterdam Stadhuis] Quellinus, Artus I (1609-1668). Cybele. Amsterdam, Stadhuis? relief sculpture. She holds a straight trumpet. (H. Brugmans and A. Loosjes. Amsterdam in Beeld. Amsterdam n. d. p. 160. The decoration 1650-63, these figures 1650-57)

[F Bol Pa] Bol, Ferdinand (1616-1680). Aeneas Distributes the Prizes. Utrecht, University (loan from the State Art Collection). Includes mounted heralds blowing a cornu and a straight trumpet. unimp. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 52)

VI: Literary and Historical Figures/Subjects

See also Battles.

[Lievens Pa] Lievens, Jan (1607-1674). Brinio Promoted to General(1661). Amsterdam, Royal Palace (fromerly Town Hall). Includes a mounted trumpeter and a drummer on foot. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 51 [dark reproduction]. The scene depicts part of the revolt against the Romans by the Batavi.; Art History 9 [1986] opp. p. 15, as Election of Brinio)

VII: Allegory

Fame: See also Mythology, Muses; Miscellaneous Figures, Angels; Miscellaneous Figures, Fountain Figures.

[Baen Pr] Baen, Jan de (1633-1702). Allegory of Cornelis de Witt on the Expedition to Chatham. Amsterdam RM. Includes a rather sexy Fame playing a straight trumpet held in one hand and holding a straight trumpet and an olive (?) branch in the other. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 84, as copy after a lost painting; exh Amsterdam RM, Vilssingen, 1957: Tentoonstelling ter herdenking van Michiel de Ruyter ... )

[Flinck-Delen Pr] Cornelis van Delen after Govaert Flinck (1615-1660). Allegory on the Birth of Kurprinz Wilhelm Heinrich, 2 May 1648. engraving. Includes a very prominent Fame with a straight trumpet and a flowering or fruiting branch. (F. Gorissen. Conspectus cliviae. Die klevische Residenz in der Kunst des 17. Jahrhunderts. Kleve 1964. fig. 84a)

[W Hondius Pr] Hondius, Wilhelm (1597 or 1601-a.1660). Print commemorating the coronation of Jana Kazimierza, 1649. engraving. Includes a rather angry Fame with two curvy trumpets (unusual). (Bull. Hist. Sztuki 42 [1980] 389 [poor reproduction], with an etched copy of this [ca.1700] by Jacob Nachtglas celebrating Peter I of Russia, p. 388)

[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). Equestrian Portrait of Joseph I (1689). etching. Includes Fame with a reverse-curve trumpet. (Bull. Hist. Sztuki 42 [1980] 394 [poor reproduction], with an etched copy of this [1721] by Andrzej Zubow as Peter I of Russia, also p. 394?)

[Lairesse Pa] Lairesse, Gerard de (1641-1711). Fame and Worldly Honor. Amsterdam RM. grisaille painting. Fame (quite nude) blows one straight trumpet and holds another. There is also a low relief frieze in the background with a trophy with a straight trumpet. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 77 [February 1971] La chronique des arts no. 1225, p. 146 [small reproduction])

Life and Death: [BI Amsterdam 1656] Anonymous engraver after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). The Market Barge, from J. Cats, Doot-kiste voor de levendige. [Amsterdam 1656] engraving. One of the figures in the boat plays a flute. Death stands at the stern and blows a straight trumpet (with a tattered banner). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 137)

Vanitas: [Beest Pa] Beest, Sybrand van (ca.1610-1674). Allegory of Transience. private collection. Includes, among the many objects, a lute, a shawm, a partly visible trumpet and a frame drum. The trumpet and the frame drum are among the military symbols. (exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age ... no. 3, p. 139 [ok color reproduction])

VIII: Emblems and Proverbs

[BI Amsterdam 1659] Sadeler, Johann II (1588-1665), attr. "Interclusa respirat," from Diego de Saavedra Fajardo, Idea de un principe politico christiano. Amsterdam, Joh. Jansson Jun., 1659 (reprint of 2/Milan 1642). engraving. Includes a trumpet (huge mouthpiece) held by a hand emerging from a cloud. An emblem of virtue strengthened through resistance. (G. Henkel and A. Schöne. Emblemata ... Stuttgart 1967. col. 1516)

X: Portraits, Genre Portraits and Conversation Pieces

See also Miscellaneous Figures, Trumpeters.

XI: Still Life

See also Mythology, Muses.

[Pa Norwich Castle] Dutch, ca.1665. Still Life/"The Paston Treasure." Norwich, Castle Museum. Includes a pochette, violin, theorbo-lute, cittern, recorder, trumpet and music book. (O. Hill and J. Cornforth. English Country Homes. Caroline 1625-1685. London 1966. p. 44; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 230, p. 439; Rijksmuseum Bulletin 8 [1960] 92 [small reproduction]; Connoisseur 164 [1967] 25 [poor reproduction])

[Brisé Pa] Brisé, Cornelis (1622-a.1670). Still Life with Armor and Musical Instruments. Amsterdam RM Inv. no. A 1281. Includes (all partly visible) a small lute, a bagpipe and a trumpet. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. no. 63/4, p. 199 [ok reproduction])

[Fris Pa] Fris, Jan (ca.1627-1672). Vanitas Still Life (1670). London art market (1986). Includes a violin, recorder, trumpet and frame drum. (sale, Sotheby's, 12.XII.1984; Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. no. 129/6, p. 360 [poor reproduction]; Burlington 128 [1986] June ad p. ix [ok color reproduction])

[F Gijsbrechts Pa] Gijsbrechts, Franciscus (Frans) (doc.1672-77). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. London art market (1963). Includes a flute (partly visible) and a prominent trumpet (large mouthpiece, unusual sleeve between the boss and the bell). (Apollo 78 [1963] Oct. ad p. xxi [ok color reproduction]; Connoisseur 154 [1963] 181)

[F Gijsbrechts Pa] _______. Vanitas Still Life. private collection. Includes a violin, flute, recorder and trumpet (only bell visible). All the instruments are only partly visible. (Bernt I, pl. 458 [fair reproduction])

[C de Heem Pa] Heem, Cornelis de (1631-1695). Still Life with Musical Instruments. Amsterdam RM. Many musical instruments, including a trumpet, wrapped in its banner, only the bell end visible. (Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1970, p. 287 [small reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.H363.93[d])

[Kalf Pa] Kalf, Willem (1619-1693). Still Life with Plate and Armor. Le Mans, Musée de Tessé. There is a trumpet lying on a chair. (I. Bergström. Dutch Still-Life Painting in the Seventeenth Century. Transl. C. Hedstrom and G. Taylor. New York 1983. p. 266 [fuzzy reproduction]; N. Bryson. Looking at the Overlooked ... Cambridge MA 1990. p. 129 [ok reproduction]; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 133, p. 251 [fine reproduction]. Notes was painted while he was in Paris, probably for the French court)

[Poorter Pa] Poorter, Willem de (1608-p.1648). Vanitas Still Life with Military Symbols. Braunschweig HAUM. Incudes a partly visible trumpet. (Bernt II, pl. 925; exh Braunschweig HAUM 1978: Die Sprache der Bilder ... no. 27, p. 128; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 134, p. 249 [fine reproduction])

[Streek Pa] Streek, Juriaan van (1632-1687). Vanitas Still Life. York, Art Gallery. Includes an violin (not well depicted) with its bow and a trumpet wrapped in its banner. (1951 catalog vol. I, pl. 62)

XII: Decorative Elements

See also Allegory, Fame; Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.

[BI Amsterdam 1644] Anon.? Title engraving of Jan Harmensz Krul, Pampiere Wereld. Amsterdam 1644. engraving. Includes several unplayed and partly visible musical instruments, including a trumpet. unimp. (exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... p. 139 [not exhibited])

[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn (1645/46-1708). The Crimes of James II, The Arrival of William III in England (1688). etching. Military objects in the border include partly visible trumpets and a frame drum. very unimp. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. p. 118-19)

[Lairesse Pa] Lairesse, Gerard de (1641-1711). Musical trophies on the shutters of the small organ (1685). Amsterdam, Westerkerk. Two of them have trumpets. (exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age ... p. 96 [poor reproduction, not exhibited])

XIII: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor

Battles, Encampments and Other Military Scenes: See also Village/Rustic Scenes.

[Pa Schloss Ehreshoven] Netherlands, ca. 1630. Encampment. Schloss Ehreshoven. Figures include a mounted trumpeter. (Die Denkmäler des Rheinlands, 18: Rheinisch-Bergscher Kreis 1. Düsseldorf 1972. fig. 263)

[Po Berlin Kunstgewerbe] Dutch (Delft), 1658. Cavaliers Outside a Shack. Berlin, Kunstgewerbe Museum. pottery plaque. Figures include a mounted trumpeter and soldiers gambling on a drum. (1963 catalog: Ausgewählte Werke. no. 134)

[Berchem Pa] Berchem, Nicolaes (Claes) (1620-1683). Military Encampment. private collection. Includes mounted trumpeters and a drum used as a table. (Vis. Coll. 374.B45.90 [j])

[Bleker Pa] Bleker, Gerrit Claesz (ca.1610-1650). Military Encampment. London art market (1980). Includes a mounted trumpeter. There is lots of drinking going on. He seems to toot just for the noise. (sale, Sotheby's, 11.VI.1980; Burlington 122 [1980] May ad p. xii)

[Burgh Pa] Burgh (Burch), Hendrik van der (1627-1668 or later). Soldiers Taking Leave of their Landlady. private collection. Includes a trumpeter playing his trumpet and soldiers gambling on a drum. (W. R. Valentiner. Pieter de Hooch ... New York 1930. p. 222, as ca. 1650-54)

[Dullaert Pa] Dullaert, Heyman (1636-1684). Riders beside a Sutler's Tent (1651). Cologne art market (1979). Includes a prominent cavalier with a trumpet hanging from a strap. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol.3, no. 595)

[Huchtenberg Pr] Huchtenberg, Jan van (1646-1733). William, King of England, Reviewing His Army at Arnheim. etching. Includes at least one mounted trumpeter and a kettledrummer. (IB vol. 7, no. 10, p. 232)

[Lingelbach Pa] Lingelbach, Johannes (1622-1674). Encampment. Amsterdam RM, inv. no. A225. Includes a trumpeter standing on a table, giving a little performance. (Amsterdam RM. All the Paintings of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Amsterdam 1976. p. 350)

[Lingelbach Pa] _______. Charles II Halting at the Estate of Wema on the Rotte during his Journey from Rotterdam to the Hague, 25 May 1660. The Hague, Mauritshuis. Includes four mounted trumpeters and a mounted kettledrummer (prominent). (Mauritshuis. Illustrated General Catalog. Amsterdam 1993. p. 87 [minuscule reproduction]. Notes "a less probable identification is the troops of Prince Willem II halting at the estate of Welna on the Amstel during their march on Amsterdam, 13 May-4 August 1650.")

[Martszen Dr] Martszen (Maertsen) (de Jongh), Jan (1609-p.1647). Battlefield (1632). Berlin SM KsK. drawing. Includes a prominent mounted trumpeter beside an officer in the right foreground. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. fig. 85 [ok reproduction])

[Martszen Pa] _______. Battlefield after a Battle (1632). Paris art market. Includes a mounted trumpeter blowing his trumpet. (Bernt vol. II, pl. 740)

[Martzsen-C J Visscher Pr] Claes Jansz Visscher (1586/87-1637 or 1652) after Jan Martszen [Maertsen] de Jonge (1609-p.1647). Den Tocht van t'spaens Guarnesoen uit Hulst den V. November M.VIcXLV/The Spanish Garrison leaving Hulst, 5 November 1645. engraving/etching. Includes, in the left foreground, a prominent mounted trumpeter blowing his trumpet outside a sutler's tent. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIX, no. 105, p. 66)

[Melin Me] Melin, Mathias (doc.1627-1636). Ambrogio Spinola at the Siege of Jülich, 1622 (1636). Amsterdam RM. low relief silver plaque. Includes an S-shaped trumpet on the back of a prominent mounted trumpeter. (Connoisseur 136 [1955] 93 [fair reproduction] Notes exh Deurne, Sterchshof, 1955)

[P Palamedes Pa] Palamedes, Palamedes (1607-1638). Encampment (1633). private collection. Includes a mounted cavalier with a trumpet on his back. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, no. 294a)

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman(s), Philips (1619-1668). Cavalry Battle. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a mounted turmpeter trumpeting at full gallop. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, no. 553)

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Bivouac Beside a River. Dresden, Gemädegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a mounted trumpeter playing his trumpet and soldiers gambling on a drum. unimp. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, no. 568)

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Battle Scene. The Hague, Mauritshuis, no. 219. Includes two mounted trumpeters in the left background, a prominent mounted trumpeter in the right foreground, and a large frame drum on the ground in the left foreground. (Bernt III, pl. 1428 [reproduction too small for details])

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Halt at a Sutler's Booth. private collection. Includes a mounter trumpeter and a flute (?) player accompanying dancers. (exh The Hague, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. cat. no. 47, pp. 327 [splendid color reproduction])

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Mounted Soldiers at a Sutler's Tent. London art market (1956). Includes a trumpeter holding his trumpet upright on his knee. (Burlington 98 [1956] 215; Connoisseur 137 [1956] 270 [minuscule reproduction])

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. The Pistol Shot. private collection. An encampment. Includes a mounted figure with a trumpet. (O. Millar. Dutch Pictures from the Royal Collection. The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace. London 1971. no. 42, p. 22)

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Soldiers Outside a Sutler's Tent. Solingen art market (1988). Includes a mounted trumpeter blowing his trumpet. (Die Weltkunst 58 [1988] 367 [small reproduction])

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] _______. Soldiers Outside a Sutler's Tent. Solingen art market (1990). Includes a mounted trumpeter playing his trumpet (banner with lots of tassels) and another with his (partly visible) trumpet at his hip. There are also soldiers gambling on a drum. (Die Weltkunst 60 [1990] 2107 [color reproduction])

[Philips Wouwerman-Bouttats Pr] Gaspar Bouttats (ca.1640-before 1695/96) after _______. Military Encampment. etching. Includes a trumpet on the back of a soldier hoisting a tankard and soldiers gambling on a drum. (Hirth no. 2316)

[Philips Wouwerman-Moyreau Pr] Jean Moyreau (1690-1762) after _______. "Le Defaite des Sarazins." engraving. Includes a mounted trumpeter, blowing frantically. (Hirth no. 2339; Naylor no. 136 [after Hirth?])

[Philips Wouwerman -Visscher Pr] Jan de Visscher (ca.1636-1692) after _______. Troops Halting before a Sutler's Tent. etching. Includes a trumpeter with a trumpet tied to his waist. (Hirth no. 3211)

[Philips Wouwerman-Visscher Pr] _______. The Depart. etching. Military camp, with a prominent mounted trumpeter who seems to be just tooting for the fun of it. (Hirth no. 2312; Naylor no. 222 [after Hirth?])

Philips Wouwerman-Visscher Pr] _______. Military Encampment. etching. Includes a flute player and a drummer (the drum rests on the ground) who accompany a soldier and a camp follower dancing. There is also a mounted soldier holding a trumpet. (Hirth no. 2314)

[Philips Wouwerman-Visscher Pr] _______. Military Encampment. etching. Includes a mounted trumpeter holding his trumpet upright, the mouthpiece resting on the saddle. (Hirth no. 2315)

[Pieter Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman(s), Pieter (1623-1682). Military Encampment. London art market. Includes a bit of carousing with a flute player and a drummer and perhaps a dancing figure at the left. At the right there is a mounted soldier holding a trumpet which rests upright on its mouthpiece (only a bit of the bell end visible). (Connoisseur 171 [1969] June ad p. lxxxix) This seems to be the same composition as the one engraved by Jan de Visscher, above (Hirth no. 2314)

Fairs/Festivals: [CI The Hague n.d.] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). "Vreugde-en Eereteekenen voor het Stadhuis van 'S Gravenhage/Illuminations, Gun Salutes, etc., outside the City Hall in the Hague. etching. Includes ca. 8-10 trumpeters and two drummers (separate groups). (Hirth no. 2709)

[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Horse Fair at Valkenburg. private collection. Travelling players include musicians playing double bass, violin and trumpet. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 80 [useless reproduction, not exhibited], as ca.1650-53)

Harbor Scenes: See also Naval Scenes.

[Berchem Pa] Berchem, Nicolaes (Claes) (1620-1683). The Old Port of Genoa. London, Wallace Collection. Includes a trumpeter on shore, tooting out into the harbor. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 384; Burlington 112 [1970] Feb. ad p. lxviii, as private collection [color reproduction])

[A Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Albert (1620-1691). A View of the Maas near Dort/Dordrecht. Waddesdon Manor, N. T. Includes three or four trumpeters in a large dory and a drummer on a small ship. (E. Waterhouse. Catalogue of the James A. Rothschild Collection: Paintings. Fribourg 1967. no. 55, as probably from the 1650's; Vis. Coll. 374.C99.8[R])

[A Cuyp Pa] _______. A View of the Maas at Dordrecht. Washington DC NG. At the lower left there is a trumpeter (signalling) in a dory, and at the right there is a drummer on a ship. (J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer. New York 1972. pl. 97; Vis. Coll. 374.C99.8[vv])

[A Cuyp Pa] _______. The Scheldt [i.e. Maas] by Dordrecht. private collection. Includes three trumpeters in a dory, their banners waving festively, and a shipboard drummer. (Vis. Coll. 374.C99.8[B])

[Lingelbach Pa] Lingelbach, Johannes (1622-1674). Scene on a Quay. London art market (1923). Includes a trumpeter. unimp. (Rabbits sale, Christie's, 28.III.1923)

[H de Meyer Pa] Meyer, Hendrik de (ca.1620-1690). A Royal Visitor Being Welcomed upon Arrival at Dordrecht. London art market (1972). Includes a trumpeter in a dory. (Burlington 114 [1972] March ad p. lxxvii [fair reproduction]; Burlington 114 [December 1972] Notable Works ... pl. XXXIV [ok reproduction])

[Nooms Pr] Nooms, Reinier (called Zeeman) (1623-ca.1663). Harbor Scene, title page etching from a series of Verscheyde Binnewaters ... etching. Includes a trumpeter in a states barge ferrying passengers ashore. (IB vol. 6 Commentary, no. 0606.031, p. 120, as not long after 1656)

[Nooms Pr] _______. A Masquerade Procession beside a Harbor. etching. An Italian harbor scene. Includes a mounted trumpeter. (IB vol. 6 Commentary, no. 0606.171, p. 187)

[Storck Dr] Storck, Abraham (ca.1635-p.1710). Harbor Scene. London BM. drawing. Includes a trumpeter (tiny detail) in a boat/ship. (Vis. Coll. 374d.St77.80[e])

[Storck Pa] _______. Ships in a Harbor. London, Apsley House. Includes a trumpeter (vey small detail) in a boat/ship. (Vis. Coll. 374.St77.8[c])

[Storck Pa] _______. Italian Harbor. Rotterdam BvB. Includes a trumpeter in a boat/ship -- tiny detail, but one of Storck's clearer ones. (Vis. Coll. 374.St77.80[b])

[Storck Pa] _______. Review of Ships, Amsterdam, during the Visit of Peter the Great, 1671. Waddesdon, N. T. Includes a trumpeter and a drummer (separately) in boats/ships (very tiny details). (Connoisseur 143 [1959] 208 [useless reproduction], as 1687; Vis. Coll. 374.St77.8[e])

[Storck Pa] _______. Sailing and Rowing on the Amstel. private collection. Includes a fairly prominent trumpeter in a private barge. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 481)

[Storck Pa] _______. The Port of Amsterdam. private collection. There seems to be a trumpeter in the bow of a barge. (L. Réau. Les maîtres anciens de la Collection Baszanger. Mont-Blanc [1950]. pl. 30. Notes exh Neuchâtel MBA, 1945: Maîtres anciens hollandais.)

[Storck Pa] _______. Harbor Scene. London art market (1955). On the shore a flute player stands and serenades. There is a trumpeter in the stern of a covered barge ferrying people to a ship. (Connoisseur 136 [1955] August ad p. ix [ample but unhelpful reproduction])

[Storck Pa] _______. Italian Harbor Scene. London art market (1962). Includes a trumpeter in the stern of a barge transporting people to a ship. (Burlington 104 [December 1962] Notable Works pl. XII)

[Storck Pa] _______. Ships in a Harbor. private collection. Includes a trumpeter (tiny detail) in a boat. (Vis. Coll. 374.St77.8[f])

[Storck Pa] _______. A Sham Fight in Honor of Peter the Great on the IJ in Amsterdam in 1697. London art market (1963). Includes trumpeters in ships. (Burlington 105 [1963] November ad p. lxxviii [fair reproduction, not helpful for details])

[W van de Velde Pa] Velde (d. J.), Willem van de (1633-1707). Harbor Scene. London NG. Includes two pairs of trumpeters in boats/ships. (Vis. Coll. 374.V541.8[u])

[W van de Velde Pa] _______. A Calm at Sea. London, Buckingham Palace, Coll. H. M. the Queen. Includes two trumpeters. A larger than usual detail. (Vis. Coll. 374.V541.8[c])

[Vlieger Pa] Vlieger, Simon de (1601-1653). Naval Visit of Frederik Hendrik II before Dordrecht, 1646 (1649). Vienna KH. Includes two trumpeters in the bow of a large dory, and two more at the stern of a ship. (Bernt III, pl. 1318 [reproduction not helpful for details]; A. Stix. Meisterwerke aus Oesterreich [Kunsthistorisches Museum]. Zürich 1949. no. 122 [reproduction not helpful for details]; Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. Katalog der Gemälde. Holländische Meister des 15., 16., und 17. Jahrhunderts. Vienna 1972. pl. 82 [reproduction not helpful for details]; Burlington 139 [1997] 214 [small reproduction])

[Weenix Pa] Weenix, Jan Baptist (1621-1663). Scene beside a Harbor. location not recorded. A merry company on the shore includes a man playing a bass viol and an unplayed lute. Somewhere in there there is a trumpet/straight trumpet. (Oud-Holland 97 [1983] 76)

Hunts and Hunters: [Pa Schloss Herrenhausen] Dutch, 17th century. Duke Christian Ludwig (1641-48) Hunting with a Falcon. Schloss Herrenhausen, Falkenzimmer. Includes ca. 8 liveried trumpeters sounding a Tusch. (U. von Alvensleben. Herrenhausen ... Berlin 2/1939. [Deutsche Lande Deutsche Kunst) p. 6)

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman(s), Philips (1619-1668). Departure of a Hawking Party. London, Apsley House. Includes a prominent mounted trumpeter. (1965 catalog of paintings, pl. 32)

Landscapes: [A Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Albert (1620-1691). A Landscape, with Military Figures. Vienna art market (1933). Includes a mounted trumpeter. (Tritsch sale, Dorotheum, Vienna, 27-29.IV.1933)

[J S van Ruysdael Pa] Ruysdael, Jacob Salomonsz van (1629/30-1681). View of Slot Nijmwegen with a Ferry Crossing a River (1652). London art market (1983). There is a mounted trumpeter playing (?) on the ferry, which is crossing the Waal. (Die Weltkunst 53 [1983] 764 [color reproduction])

[S van Ruysdael Pa] Ruysdael, Salomon van (ca.1600-1670). Ferry-Crossing the Waal near Nijmwegen (1647). Bonn, Rheinisches LM. Includes a trumpeter on a white horse on the ferry, playing as the ferry takes him across. (exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en hollande au XVIIe siècle. no. 64, pl. 19; Jahrbuch der rheinischen Denkmalpflege 28 [1971] fig. 132 [it was cleaned in 1969])

Naval Scenes: [Backhuysen Pa] Backhuysen, Ludolf (1631-1708). Warships. London, Apsley House. Includes trumpeters. (Vis. Coll. 374.B177.8[r])

[Backhuysen Pa] _______, Ships in the Mouth of a Harbor (1691). private collection. The near ship seems to have a trumpeter in the stern. unimp. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, p. 130)

[Backhuysen Pr] _______. Harbor Scene with a Neptune Group in the Foreground,from a series of ten seascapes. Pub. Amsterdam 1701. etching. Includes at least two trumpeters on a ship in the right background. (Hollstein [Dutch] I, p. 54)

[Berchem Pa] Berchem, Nicolaes (Claes) (1620-1683). View in Genoa. Hamburg, Kunsthalle. Includes trumpeters (signalling from ship to ship?) (Vis. Coll. 374.B45.8[i])

[Minderhout Pa] Minderhout, Hendrik van (1632-1696). Naval Battle between Turks and Christians. location unknown. Includes a trumpeter (Turkish) in a ship. (Leppert no. 414, pl. C)

Pageants: [CI Amsterdam 1638] Salomon Savery (Saverij) (1594-ca.1665/70) after Jan Martszen (Maertsen) (de Jonge) (1609-p.1647) and Simon de Vlieger (1601-1653). Water Entertainement for Marie de'Medici, Amsterdam, 1638. engraving. Includes at least 6 plus 2 trumpeters in boats in a canal. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 82 [minuscule reproduction], as festivities on the Amstel; Hirth no. 1963; Naylor no. 52 [after Hirth?])

Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades: [CI Amsterdam 1638] Pieter Nolpe (1601-p.1670) after Jan Martszen (Maertsen) (de Jonge) (1609-1638). Entree of Marie de'Medici, Amsterdam, 1638. engraving. Includes three very prominent mounted trumpeters. (Hirth no. 1953; Naylor no. 194 [after Hirth?])

[CI Amsterdam 1638] Savery (Saverij), Saolmon (1594-ca.1665/70). "Inkomst van Koninginne Maria de Medicis, Binnen Amsterdam, Anno 1638," from Caspar Balaeus. Medicea Hospes. Amsterdam, Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1638. engraving. The procession is led by two mounted trumpeters. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXIV, no. 144b, p. 71, as Procession on Haarlemmerweg)

[CI Breda 1667] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). The Public Entry of the English Ambassadors (top), and Departure of the English Ambassadors (bottom). Panels of a large etching commemorating the Peace Negotiations at Breda, July-August 1667. etching. At the top there are two mounted trumpeters (playing). At the bottom there are three mounted trumpeters (two playing, one holding his trumpet). (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. pp. 100-102)

[CI Honselaersdijk n.d.] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). Arrival of the William III (Stadholder of the Netherlands and King of England) in Honselaersdijk. etching. Includes two mounted trumpeters. (Hirth no. 2839)

[Pa Venice art market] Dutch, mid-17th century. Procession in an Imaginary (?) Town. Venice art market (1970). The procession includes mounted trumpeters and a kettledrummer. It's very odd. (Burlington 112 [1970] May ad p. xc)

Street/Canal Scenes: [Pr Anon.] Anon.? 17th-century? "De Nieuwe Stads-Herberg aan het IJ te Amsterdam. engraving. Includes a prominent trumpeter, banner on his trumpet, in a dory in the right foreground. (C. H. Peters. De nederlandsche Stetenbouw. De Stad als Veste ... Leiden n.d. [Oud-Nederlandsche Steden (I)] p. 295)

[Berckheyde Pa] Berckheyde, Gerrit (1638-1698). View of a Canal in Amsterdam, the "Amsterdam" (1697). There seems to be a trumpeter in the bow of a dory. Amsterdam art market (1952). (Oude Kunst ... 4 [1952] 50)

[Lundens Pa] Lundens, Gerrit (1622-p.1683). Street Scene with Itinerant Musicians. London art market (1937). The musicians play trumpet and large frame drum. (sale, Christie's 26.II.1937)

[Poel Pa] Poel, Egbert van der (1621-1664). Figures on a Frozen Canal (1656). Houston, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation. There is a satyr-like figurehead on a horse-drawn ice-sled blowing a long, looped, reverse-curve horn. There is also a mounted figure blowing a trumpet. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, opp. p. 16 [color reproduction], no.298 [black and white reproduction])

[Storch Pa] Storch, Jan (Jacobus) (1629-1673). Canal in Amsterdam, with a View of the Paalhuis and in the Background the Haringpakkerstoren. private collection. There seems to be at least one trumpeter in a boat in the canal. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 1, p. 151 [fair reproduction])

Tournaments: [CI Amsterdam 1638] Salomon Savery (Saverij) (1594-ca.1665/70) after Jan Martszen (Maertsen) (de Jonge) (1609-p.1647) and Simon de Vlieger (1601?-1653). Water Entertainment for Marie de'Medici, Amsterdam, 1638. engraving. Includes a water tournament and ca. 12 trumpeters in boats in a canal. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 128 [detail]; Hirth no. 1962; Naylor no. 51 [after Hirth?]; La revue des arts 2 [1952] 181)

Views: See also Naval Scenes, Street/Canal Scenes.

[CI Breda 1667] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). The Castle of Breda as it appears from the river Marck, panel of a large etching commemorating the Peace Negotiations at Breda, July-August 1667. etching. Includes a trumpeter in a boat. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. pp. 100-101)

Village/Rustic Scenes: [Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Wedding in a Village (1653). Rotterdam BvB (on loan from Rijksdienst Beeldende Kunst). Noisy musicians leaning out a window play violin, shawm, straight trumpet (with banner) and drum (child). (exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xlvii [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; cat exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. no. 6, p. 117 [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.St3.91[a])

[Philips Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman(s), Philips (1619-1668). Riders at a Smithy. Kassel. Staatliche Museen Kassel, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, inv. no. 363. Includes a mounted figure holding a trumpet. There is a white horse being shod at the right. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, no. 545)

[Philips Wouwerman Dr] _______. Travellers Watering their Horses. London BM. drawing. Includes a central mounted trumpeter. (Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists, IV. London 1931. pl. LXV)

[Philips Wouwerman -Visscher Pr] Jan de Visscher (ca.1636-1692) after _______. The Farrier. etching. A soldier having his horse shod. There is also a soldier holding a trumpet. (Hirth no. 2338)

Other: [CI Breda 1667] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). Publication of the Peace before the Town Hall and Festivities in the Market-Place, panel of a large etching commemorating the Peace Negotiations at Breda, July-August 1667. etching. Includes trumpeters on a raised platform. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. pp. 100-101)

[CI The Hague? 1672] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). Prince William Henry of Orange made Captain General, 25. Feb. 1672. etching. Includes two groups of trumpeters (and perhaps others) in the background. Minuscule detail. (Hirth no. 2708)

[CI Orange 1665] Jan de Visscher (ca.1636-1692) after Pieter Post (1608-1669). "Order et Appareil du Serment de Fidelité presté par les Villes & Communautez de la Principauté d'Orange à Son Altesse le Prince Guillaume Henry de Nassau ... engraving. Commemorates the Oath of Fidelity on the occasion of the restoration of the province to William Henry of Nassau. Includes four trumpeters playing at the right front corner of a temporary outdoor stage. (exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en Holland au XVIIe siècle. no. 329, pl. 102)

Japanese, 17th century. A Dutch Factory at Nagasaki. drawing? Includes a trumpeter on a balcony. (Early Music 1 [1973] 20, no location)

[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn (1645/46-1708). Agents sent into the provinces to close the temples and expel the pastors, panel of a large etching depicting Tyrannies Against the Protestants in France (Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685-86). etching. A proclamation with a trumpeter sounding his trumpet. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. pp. 112-113)

[Hooghe Pr] _______. Scenes of Torture, from Spiegel der France Tirannyë. etching. From a series of prints depicting battles and atrocities in the Netherlands, 1672-73. Includes a central mounted trumpeter. (Hirth no. 2689, 2690; Naylor nos. 133-134 [after Hirth?])

XIV: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor

Ateliers: [Dou Pa] Dou, Gerrit (1613-1675). An Artist in his Studio. Cologne WRM. There is a trumpet among the military props. (Museen in Köln. Bulletin 3 [March 1964] cover [fair reproduction])

[Gaesbeeck Pa] Gaesbeeck, Adriaen van (1621-1650). The Studio of Gerrit Dou. private collection. There are a cello, a trumpet and a frame drum among his collection of props. (Bernt vol. I, pl. 402 [ok reproduction]) This seems to be the same as or similar to paintings on the Amsterdam (1958) and London (1980) art markets. (Burlington 122 [1980] 849, as by Gerrit Dou, 1635, dimensions 103 x 78 cm; Oude Kunst 10 [1958] stand no. 27, as "Rembrandt in zijn atelier", as by Gerrit Dou; Die Weltkunst ** ** p. 3817 [fine color reproduction], as by Gerrit Dou, 1635, dimensions 92.5 x 74 cm)

[Vermeer Pa] Vermeer, Jan (1632-1675). The Art of Painting/The Artist in his Studio. Vienna KH (formerly in the collection of Count Czernin). The sitter is Clio, the Muse of History, holding a trumpet. (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 215 [small reproduction]; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 449; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 103 [fine color reproduction]; Newsweek. Great Museums of the World: Art History Museum, Vienna. New York 1969. pp. 147 [color reproduction], 148 [fine color detail of the model and her trumpet, which really isn't very well depicted]; E. Snow. A Study of Vermeer. rev. ed. Berkeley CA 1994. pp. 118 [ok color reproduction, but with page crease], 125 [detail of model and trumpet]; A. K. Wheelock. Jan Vermeer. New York 1981. frontispiece [color detail of model and trumpet], p. 129 [ok color reproduction]; exh Brussels, 1947: Chefs-d'oeuvre des musées de Vienne. fig. 90, and unnumbered color detail of the model and her trumpet on the opposite page; exh London, Tate Gallery, 1949: Art Treasures from Vienna. fig. 42, and ample but not terribly clear detail of the model and her trumpet; Vienna KH. Meisterwerke. 4/Vienna 1958. vol. II, no. 93, as ca.1665/70; A. Stix. Meisterwerke aus Oesterreich [Kunsthistorisches Museum]. Zürich 1949. pl. 78, as ca.1660/70; 1936 catalog of the Czernin Collection, pl. 29; Vis. Coll. V59.5V)

Banquets: [Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Village Wedding Banquet. private collection. Musicians welcome the couple entering the banquet hall, including one playing a straight trumpet. (P. Lambotte. Cinq siècles d'art Bruxellois. Sections etrangères [exhibit]. Brussels n.d. pl. 27 [poor reproduction])

Church Interiors: [Delen Pa] Delen, Dirck van (1604/05-1671). A Family beside the Tomb of William I in the Nieuwe Kerk, Delft (1645). Amsterdam RM. There is a figure of an angel on the tomb, blowing a straight trumpet. The Tomb is by Hendrik I de Keyser (see An Iconography of the Trumpet: Netherlands Artists, 16th-17th Century). (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. fig. 734)

Guardrooms (and other indoor military scenes): [Burgh Pa] Burgh (Burch), Hendrik van der (1627-1668 or later). Guardroom with Departing Soldiers. private collection. Includes a trumpeter blowing his trumpet. (W. R. Valentiner. Pieter de Hooch ... New York 1930. p. 223 [reproduced after the etching in G. Glück's publication of the Tritsch collection -- the original is in poor condition])

[Hooch Pa] Hooch, Pieter de (1629-1684). Officers Resting in a Barn. Zürich art market (1980). Includes a trumpeter in a doorway, playing (signal to depart?). The trumpet is much too small. unimp. (P. Sutton. Pieter de Hooch. Ithaca 1980. cat. no. 7, pl. 6, as ca.1650-55; exh Dulwich Picture Gallery, Wadsworth Atheneum, 1998-99: Pieter de Hooch ... Ed. P. C. Sutton. no. 3, p. 93 [ok color]) Copy: Amsterdam art market (1929). (W. R. Valentiner. Pieter de Hooch ... New York 1930. p. 15, as ca.1653)

[Hooch Pa] _______, attr. Soldiers in a Barn, Preparing to Depart. private collection. Includes a trumpeter in the background, giving the signal to depart. (W. R. Valentiner. Pieter de Hooch ... New York 1930. p. 5, as ca.1648)

[A Palamedes Pa] Palamedes, Anthonie (1601-1673). Guardroom (1650). Gdansk, Muzeum Pomorskie (loan from Warsaw MN). Includes a trumpeter standing in the center, facing left (playing). (Warsaw MN 1969 catalog. vol. II, no. 930 [useless reproduction]) =? T. Mankowski. Galerja Stanislawa Augusta ... Lvov 1932.)

[A Palamedes Pa] _______. Guardroom with a Cavalier Blowing a Trumpet. private collection. The trumpeter is front and center, highlighted, facing left. (Music and Painting in the Golden Age. The Hague 1994. cat. no. 33, p. 265 [fine color reproduction])

[A Palamedes Pa] _______. Guardroom with a Cavalier Blowing a Trumpet. Brussels art market. The trumpeter (banner) is front and center, highlighted, and facing right. (Die Weltkunst 48 [1978] 902)

Inn Interiors: [Pa Budapest SM] Dutch, ca.1650. Trumpeter in an Inn. Budapest SM Inv. no. 404 (554). He blows his trumpet as a cavalier raises his glass and a young woman looks on demurely. (D. Altenburg. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Trompete im Zeitalter der Clarinblaskunst [1500-1800]. Regensburg 1973. vol. III, Abb. 22)

[Jongh Pa] Jongh, Ludolf de (1616-1679). Messenger Reading to a Group in a Tavern (1657). Mainz, Mittelrheinisches Landesmuseum. The trumpeter has his trumpet hanging at his back from a long cord (big triple boss, medium-sized mouthpiece) and is reading a letter to an old man. (Bernt II, pl. 594 [ok reproduction]; P. Sutton. Pieter de Hooch. Ithaca 1980. fig. 3; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 56, pl. 92 [color reproduction]; Burlington 135 [1993] 677; Oud-Holland 92 [1978] 62; Steengracht sale, Paris, Petit, 1913. no. 35)

[F I van Mieris Pa] Mieris, Frans I van (1635-1681). A Smoking Soldier. Dresden Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a partly visible unplayed trumpet wrapped in its banner. (Bernt II, pl. 768; Vis. Coll. 374.M5835.90[n])

[Molenaer Pa] Molenaer, Jan Miense (1610-1668). Tavern Scene. British art market (1956). A barn-like interior with violin and bagpipe players on a platform, left background, and a trumpeter on a ladder, right background. unimp. (Burlington 98 [1956] April ad p. xi)

[Ochtervelt Pa] Ochtervelt, Jacob (1634-1682). The Toast. private collection. Includes a trumpeter (messenger?) in the background. (exh London, RAA, 1958: The Robinson Collection. p. 23; Vis. Coll. 374.Oc73.90[k])

[Palamedes Pa] Palamedes, Anthonie (1601-1673), attr. Soldiers in a Tavern. private collection. Includes a trumpeter. unimp. (poor painting) (C. Luccardi and A. Minghetti. The Luccardi Collection of Milan. Milan [195-?]. pl. XV)

[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Feast in an Inn. Paris Louvre. Some inn! Includes a drunken trumpeter holding his hat outstretched in one hand, his "pipe pitcher" dangling from his other hand (both sexually symbolic gestures), his trumpet hanging behind his chair from a long cord over his shoulder. A man tunes a violin and a woman plays a bagpipe. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 80 [not exhibited]; Revue du Louvre 12 [1972] 136; Vis. Coll. 374.St3.90[v])

[Terborch Pa] Terborch, Gerard (1617-1681). Soldiers in a Tavern (1658). Philadelphia Museum of Art, J. G. Johnson Collection. Three soldiers and a serving girl. One of the soldiers holds a pipe, one drinks and one extravagantly costumed fellow (messenger?) blows his trumpet (large banner with tassels) (three of the Five Senses). (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 109 [ok reproduction]; S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.138, p. 295; 1913 Catalog of Flemish and Dutch Painting. Ed. W. R. Valentiner. no. 504, p. 350; Johnson Collection. ... Reproductions. Philadelphia 1953. p. 162; John G. Johnson Collection. Catalogue of Flemish and Dutch Paintings. Philadelphia 1972. p. 261)

[Terborch Pa] _______. Soldiers in an Inn. private collection. One blows a trumpet (with a banner), one drinks and one holds a pipe. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.123, p. 282, as ca.1656/67; exh Münster LM, 1974: Gerard Ter Borch. no. 37, p. 141 [fair illustration], as ca.1655)

Parties/Music Parties: [Hooch Pa] Hooch, Pieter de (1629-1684). Cavaliers and Ladies in an Interior. Berlin SM SPK. Includes a smartly dressed cavalier holding his trumpet as though he is about to play or has just finished playing. (P. Sutton. Pieter de Hooch. Ithaca 1980. cat. no. 107, pl. 113 [poor reproduction], as ca.1673-75; W. R. Valentiner. Pieter de Hooch ... New York 1930. p. 107, as ca. 1671/74; Vis. Coll.374.H76.90[o])

[Hooch Pa] _______. Cavaliers and Ladies in an Interior/The Drinking Glass. Brussels MRBA. Includes a trumpeter holding his trumpet as though he is about to play or has just finished playing. (P. Sutton. Pieter de Hooch. Ithaca 1980. cat. no. 93, pl. 97, as ca.1670)

[Hooch Pa] _______. Cavaliers and Ladies in an Interior. Stockholm art market (1958). Four lively figures and a trumpeter. (sale Bukowski, Stockholm, 5-8.XI.1958 [small reproduction])

[Ochtervelt Pa] Ochtervelt, Jacob (1634-1682). The Sleeping Cavalier. Manchester, City Art Gallery. A child has taken the cavalier's trumpet (barely visible) and is blowing it at him. (Catalogue of Paintings and Drawings from the Assheton Bennett Collection. Manchester 1965. pl. II )

Other: [CI Breda 1667] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645/46-1708). The Lords Ambassador are all regaled at the Council Hall, in the Chamber of the Civic Guard, panel of a large etching commemorating the Peace Negotiations at Breda, July-August 1667. etching. Includes several trumpeters. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. pp. 100-101)

[Terborch Pa] Terborch, Gerard (1617-1681). Interior with a Sleeping Soldier. Cincinnati, Taft Museum. Includes a trumpet. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.121, p. 280; The Taft Museum. Its History and Collections. New York 1995. p. 170 [small reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.T27.90[y])

XV: Miscellaneous Figures

Angels: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Church Interiors.

[Sc Amsterdam Nieuwe Kerk] Verhulst, Rombout (1624-1698). Memorial plaque of Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruyter (1681). Amsterdam, Nieuwe/St. Catharinakerk. sculpture. An angel (Fame?) above has two straight trumpets (one played, one held). (H. Brugmans and A. Loosjes. Amsterdam in Beeld. Amsterdam n. d. p. 46)

[Sc Amsterdam Oude Kerk] Anon.? Memorial plaque of Abraham van der Hulst (1666). Amsterdam, Oude/St. Nicolaaskerk. sculpture. Includes two angels (Fames?) with straight trumpets. (H. Brugmans and A. Loosjes. Amsterdam in Beeld. Amsterdam n. d. p. 40)

[organ Amsterdam RM] Anon. Organ prospect. Amsterdam RM. wood sculpture. Includes draped female figures (wingless angels?) flanking the top. One holds a harp and plays a straight trumpet. (J. E. Blanton. The Organ in Church Design. Albany, TX, 1957. p. 265 [ok reproduction], as formerly in a Lutheran church, Amsterdam)

[organ Damme O L Vrouwkerk] Anon.? Organ prospect. Damme, O. L. Vrouwkerk. wood sculpture. Includes two angels with straight trumpets. (L. Devliegher. Kunstpatrimonium van West-Vlaanderen, V: Damme. Tielt, Den Haag 1971. Afb. 133, as 1639)

[Lairesse Pa] Lairesse, Gerard de (1641-1711). The Conversion of St. Augustine. Caen MBA. Includes an angel with a little straight trumpet. (Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 62)

Fountain Figures: [Pieter Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman(s), Pieter (1623-1682). Hunting Party Beside a Country Estate. private collection. Includes a fountain figure of Fame with water spouting from two straight trumpets. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. 3, no. 574)

Messengers: [Terborch Pa] Terborch, Gerard (1617-1681). Officer Writing. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Inlcudes a messenger waiting patiently, his barely visible trumpet slung on his back. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.130, p. 289, as ca.1657/58; W. Balzer, ed. Dresdner Galerie. 120 Meisterwerke des 15. bis 18. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig 1956. p. 82 [color])

[Terborch Pa] _______. Unwelcome News (1653). The Hague, Mauritshuis. A messenger presents or receives a message, a trumpet (with a banner) slung at his back (ok of the mouthpiece). (B. Bilzer et al. Das grosse Buch der Malerei. Braunschweig 2/1960. p. 109; Burlington 116 [1974] 291. Reviews 1974 exhibit in Mauristhuis and Münster. Disagrees that the messenger in receiving a message. Also doubts any connection with Uriah and Bathsheba; C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 76 [fine color reproduction], as [p. 111] "a soldier called from the arms of a woman by a messenger summoning him to rejoin his regiment"; S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.99, p. 258; P. Sutton. Pieter de Hooch. Ithaca 1980. fig. 5; exh Dulwich Picture Gallery, Wadsworth Atheneum, 1998-99: Pieter de Hooch ... Ed. P. C. Sutton. p. 17 [poor reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Münster LM, 1974: Gerard Ter Borch. no. 27, p. 111 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.T27.90[b])

[Terborch Pa] _______. An Officer Dictating a Letter. London NG. Includes a messenger waiting patiently, his barely visible trumpet slung on his back. (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 110; S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.141, p. 298, as ca.1658/59)

[Terborch Pa] _______. Messenger Delivering a Letter. Munich AP. A well-dressed messenger, a trumpet slung at his back (mouthpiece visible, with a banner), delivers a letter to a pretty young woman. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.124, p. 283; E. Kunoth-Leifels. Ùber die Darstellung der "Bathseba im Bade." Essen 1962. fig. 67. Notes that the painting has all the requisites and figures for a "bringing the message to Bathsheba": the messenger, the pretty woman who has just bathed, and her maid.; exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 134 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Album amicorum J. G. van Gelder. The Hague 1973. Snoep-Reitsma fig. 9; Vis. Coll. 374.T27.90[v]) Engraved (reversed) by Wallerant Vaillant (1623-1677). (Hirth no. 2524 [poor reproduction])

[Terborch Pa] _______. An Officer Writing a Letter. Philadelphia Museum of Art, William L. Elkins Collection. A well-dressed trumpeter waits, hat in hand, his trumpet (visible mouthpiece) slung on his back. A dog sniffs at him. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.143, p. 300; exh Münster LM, 1974: Gerard Ter Borch. no. 41, p. 151 [fair reproduction]; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 10, pl. 69 [fine color reproduction], as ca. 1658-59. Notes the "prominent ace of hearts, which lies beside shards of a clay pipe on the wooden floor, [suggesting] that the officer pens a love letter"; Burlington 110 (1968) 127)

[Terborch Pa] _______. An Officer Writing a Letter. Warsaw MN. A messenger waits, his trumpet (almost all obscured by a scarf, its large, flat mouthpiece visible) slung at his back. (S. J. Gudlaugsson. Geraert ter Borch. The Hague 1959. no. G.129, p. 288, as ca.1657/58; J. Bialostocki et al. [Muzeum Narodowe w Warsawie]. Galeria Malarstwa Obcego, I. Warsaw 1954. pl. 43; T. Mankowski. Galerja Stanislawa Augusta ... Lvov 1932. no. 42, pl. 65)

Putti: [Po Berlin Kunstgewerbemuseum] Delft (mfr. Het Jonge Moriaenshooft under Jacob Wemmersz Hoppesteijn), 1659-71. Border decoration. Berlin, Kunstgewerbemuseum, SMPK. fayence plate. Two putti play two straight trumpets each. very unimp. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 43 [1980] 387, with similar plates from other museums p. 389 [London V&A], 391 [Amsterdam RM, with detail, p. 386], p. 393 [Hannover, Kestner Museum], p. 395 [London BM])

[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn (1645/46-1708). Shipwreck of Marshal Stanislas Potocki at Willebroek, 27 July 1668. etching. Includes two putti in the border, at the top, flanking a cartouche and blowing straight trumpets. unimp. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. p. 111)

[Rembrandt Pr] Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669). The Phoenix, or The Statue Overthrown. etching. The Phoenix is flanked by two putti blowing straight trumpets. unimp. (IB vol. 50 Supplement, no. 110, p. 96 [ok reproduction]; Art History 9 [1986] opp. p. 15)

Trumpeters: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Inn Interiors.

[Dou Pa] Dou, Gerrit (1613-1675). A Trumpeter in a Window Alcove. Paris Louvre. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 272; exh The Hague, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 328 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Album amicorum J. G. van Gelder. The Hague 1973. Snoep-Reitsma fig. 10; Concludes that the trumpeter could be warning the merry company in the background to remember the Last Judgement; Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 126)

[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn (1645/46-1708). Equestrian Portrait of William III. etching. Includes at least one mounted trumpeter. (Bull. Hist. Sztuki 42 [1980] 395 [poor reproduction], with an etched copy of this [1706] by Pierre Picart as Aleksander Mienszykow, also p. 395)

[Nooms Pr] Nooms, Reinier (called Zeeman) (1623-ca.1663). Preparatory drawing for the title page of Nieuwe Scheeps Batalien. drawing. Includes a trumpeter (banner) and a large, unplayed frame drum among a large ensemble of military artifacts. (IB vol. 6 Commentary, no. 0606.099, p. 153. The etching is reproduced IB vol. 6, no. 99, p. 205)

[Rembrandt Dr] Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669). Trumpeter on Horseback. Amsterdam RM. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 374d.R28.90[c])

Other: [Italia Pr] Italia, Salmon (op.1638-41). A Marriage Contract (Rotterdam 1648). no location. illuminated engraving. Includes two crowned female figures with straight trumpets. (C. Roth. Jewish Art ... Greenwith CT 2/1971. no. 190, no location)

[B] Flemish Artists, 17th century

I: Old Testament

Other: [Lint Pa] Lint, Peter van (1609-1690). Triumph of David and Saul. private collection. Mounted heralds playing straight trumpets precede David, who is riding a horse. There are also women playing cornett and frame drum. (Goya 169-71 [1982] 61, notes previous attribution to Murillo)

II: New Testament

Last Judgement: Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.

Passion -- Crucifixion: [F III Francken Pa] Francken, Frans III (1607-1667). Crucifixion. Tongerloo, Abbey. Includes a mounted soldier with a trumpet on his back. (Leppert Theme. no. 223, pl. CII)

IV: Saints

St. Jerome: [Herregoudts Pa] Herregoudts, Hendrik (1633-ca.1704). St. Jerome in the Desert. Brussels MRBA inv. 109. Includes an angel playing a trumpet (nicely depicted, seems to have a very large mouthpiece). (Leppert Theme. no. 287, pl. XC)

V: Mythology

Muses: See Also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades.

[J I van Kessel Pa] Kessel, Jan I van (1629-1679), attr. Apollo and the Muses. private collection. One of the Muses has a trumpet. (Leppert Theme. no. 389 [not illus.]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 146)

Tritons/Sea Creatures: [D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David (1610-1690). The Wedding of Amphitrite. private collection. A Triton has a straight trumpet. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. I, p. 181)

[Other: [F van der Steen Pr] Steen, Frans van der (b.1604). The Ship of the Argonauts. engraving. In front of the ship, on land, a figure blows a curved horn. High up on the stern, a female figure blows a straight trumpet. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXVIII, no. 32, p. 59 [small reproduction])

<>b>Other: [CI Antwerp 1648] Hollar, Wenzel (1607-1677). Proclamation of the Peace between Spain and Holland, Antwerp 1648. etching. Includes a group of trumpeters on the dias (a barely visible detail). (Hirth no. 2229)

[Duchatel Pa] Duchatel, François (1616 or 1625-1679 or 1694). Inaugural Celebration of Charles II, King of Spain, as Count of Flanders, Ghent, 2 May 1666 (1668). Ghent MSK cat. WS-11 (depot: Bijloke, Museum) Includes ca. 7 trumpeters (6 playing, one pausing) and ca. 3 kettledrummers. (LeppertTheme. no. 179, pll. CVII, CVIII [detail, still impossible to make anything out])

XIV: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor

Guardrooms: [D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David II (1610-1690). Guardroom (1642). St. Petersburg Hermitage, inv. 583. Includes an unplayed trumpet (partly visible) and a frame drum. (Masterpieces of Paintings in the Hermitage. Leningrad? 1972. pl. 22; Leppert Theme no. 641 [not illus.])

XV: Miscellaneous Figures

Angels: St. Jerome; Saints, Other (St. Sebastian); Decorative Elements; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades.

[Sc Antwerp Cathedral] Quellinus (Quellinus), Artus II (1625-1700) or Henricus Franciscus Verbrugghen (1654-1724). Epitaph of Bishop Marius Ambrosius Capello (1676). Antwerp, Cathedral. sculpture. Includes two angels, each with a straight trumpet. (Unsere Kunstdenkmäler [Swiss] 24 [1973] 111)

[Wsc art market] Flemish, second half, 17th century. Pilgrimage Place with Healing Spring. 's Gravenhage art market (1968). low relief on a holy-water dispenser. Includes two angels and two putti, each with a straight trumpet. Pretty. (Oude Kunst ... 20 [1968] Stand 8)

[Beveren Sc] Beveren, Matthieu van (ca.1630-1690). Maquette for the funeral monument of Fürst Lamoral Claudius von Thurn und Taxis (m.1676). Brussels MRBA inv. 641. terracotta sculpture. Includes an angel on top blowing a straight trumpet, flanked by Veritas/Truth and Tempus/Time ("Veritas non Tempus"). (exh Brussels MRBA, 1965: Le siècle de Rubens. no. 447, p. 350 [of 2d edn. of the catalog]. The monument itself [1678] is in Brussels, Notre-Dame du Sablon, Chapel of St. Ursula)

Putti: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.

[Wsc Antwerp Pauluskerk] Kerricx, Guillaume (Willem) (1652-1719) or Artus II Quellin (Quellinus) (1625-1700). Christ as Judge. Antwerp, Sint-Pauluskerk, Zoete-Naamkapel, confessional. wood sculpture. Includes a putto playing a straight trumpet. (A. Janssens. Sint-Pauluskerk te Antwerpen en haar Kunstbezit. Antwerp 1971. pl. op. p. 31; S. Zajadacz-Hastenrath. Das Beichtgestühl der Antwerpener St. Pauluskirche und das Barockbeichtstuhl in den südlichen Niederlanden. Brussels 1970. fig. 128; =? P. Clemen, ed. Belgische Kunstdenkmäler. Munich 1923. vol. II, p. 202)

[Wsc ex Oostkerke Sint-Kvintenskerk] Flemish, 17th century. Altar. Oostkerke, Sint-Kvintenskerk, high altar (dedicated 1667, destroyed 1944). wood sculpture. Included two harmless putti with straight trumpets flanking the top. (L. Devlieghen. Kunstpatrimonium van West-Vlaanderen, IV: De Zwinstreek. Tielt, Den Haag, 1971. Afb. 354)