PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list.I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
[Pa New Haven Mellon?] British, 18th century. The Carter Family. New Haven, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection? Includes a woman at a keyboard instrument. (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. fig. 67, as ca.1740)
[Pa location unknown] British (American?), 18th century. The Putnam Family. London art market (1971). Includes a woman at a two-manual keyboard instrument (partly visible). Sometimes attributed to Arthur Devis. (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 236; S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 55, as attr. Arthur Devis; Imago musicae 2 [1985] 131, after Sitwell)
[Allan Pa] Allan, David (1744-1796). Sir William Hamilton and his Wife. private collection. She plays a small, rectangular keyboard instrument. There is a violin on a table. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 114 [fair reproduction]; MGG V, cols. 1419-20 [fair reproduction, after P. Scholes. The Great Dr Burney. Oxford 1948. pl. 14]; Vis. Coll. 377.Al52.7H)
[Chinnery Pa] Chinnery, George (1748-1847). Portrait of Mrs Conyngham. Dublin NGI. She sits between a keyboard instrument and a lyre-guitar. (B. Boydell. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 73 [ok reproduction])
[Chinnery Pa] _______. Portrait of the Artist William Princip and his Wife, Mary. London art market (1979). She holds a large sheet of paper which might be a music sheet. There is a portion of a keyboard instrument visible at the right. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 21.III.1979; Burlington 121 [1979] March ad p. xl [color reproduction])
[Cotes Pa] Cotes, Francis (1726-1770. The Princesses Louisa and Caroline Matilda of Denmark. Coll. H. M. the Queen, Buckingham Palace. One of them holds an English guitar. There seems to be a keyboard of some sort of upright instrument (a chamber organ?) at the right margin. (Early Music 15 [1987] 208 [ok reproduction])
[Devis Pa] Devis, Arthur (1711-1787). Double Portrait/A Gentleman and a Lady at a Harpsichord (1749). London V&A. The man holds music which he hands to the woman, seated at a harpsichord. There is a violin (and bow) on top of the harpsichord. Sometimes called "The Love Song," or "The Duet." (The Ernest Cook Bequest to the Nation. n.p., n.d. p. not recorded [ok reproduction]; Connoisseur136 [1955]20 [poor reproduction]; Imago musicae 2 [1985] 106)
[Devis Pa] _______. Rev. Thomas D'Oyly and his Wife Henrietta Maria. private collection. Includes an unplayed keyboard instrument. (Imago musicae 2 [1985] 120, as ca.1743-44)
[Devis Pa] _______. Conversation Piece. London art market (1984). They are in an utterly bare room with just three chairs grouped around the harpsichord (?). The fallboard leans against the instrument. The stern young son is seated at the harpsichord, with one hand on the music. The mother, equally stern, holds music. It looks like they just moved in. Odd. (Die Weltkunst 54 [1984] 2605 [large but dark reproduction])
[Devis Pa] _______. A Lady at the Harpsichord (1749). London art market (1973). (Burlington 115 [1973] June ad p. cxiii)
[Devis Pa] _______. A Portrait of a Lady in a Pink Dress. London art market (1928). She stands beside a harpsichord. (Fothergill sale, Robinson & Fischer, London, 5.VII.1928)
[Foldsone Pa] Foldsone, John (op.1769-m.ca.1784). Portrait of a Lady at the Keyboard. London art market (1953). The keyboard instrument in only suggested. He seems to have omitted part of the frame so as not to obscure her hand. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 14.X.53)
[Gainsborough Pa] Gainsborough, Thomas (1727-1788). Portrait of Johann Christian Fischer. Coll. H. M. the Queen, Buckingham Palace. He leans against a keyboard instrument. There is a violin on a chair and an oboe on the keyboard instrument. (J. Hayes. Gainsborough. Paintings and Drawings. London 1975. pl. 126 [fair reproduction]; M. Cormack. The Paintings of Thomas Gainsborough. Cambridge 1991. p. 131 [ok color reproduction]; O. Millar. The Later Georgian Pictures ... London 1969. no. 79; MGG IV, col. 270; The New Grove vol. 6, p. 610 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 16 [1988] 358 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 20 [1992] 49 [fair color reproduction])
[Hayman Pa] Hayman, Francis (1708-1776). Portrait of Mr and Mrs John Badger Wellner. private collection. She leans her elbow on the edge of a keyboard instrument (probably a two-manual harpsichord -- the black and white keys evenly spaced). (Burlington 125 [1983] 251 [minuscule reproduction])
[Haytley Pa] Haytley, Edward (op. 1746-61). Portrait of Lady Strange (1746). private collection. She stands beside a keyboard instrument. (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 157 [ok reproduction])
[Hudson Pa] Hudson, Thomas (1701-1779). Portrait of Lady Middleton. New York art market (1920). Includes a two-manual harpsichord. (McCormick sale, American Art Association, New York, 15.IV.1920)
[J F Nollekens Pa] Nollekens, Joseph Francis (Frans) (1702/06-1748), attr. Conversation Piece. Coll. H. M. the Queen, Windsor Castle. Anne, Princess Royal, plays the harpsichord, Princess Caroline plays a mandore and Frederick Lewis, the Prince of Wales, plays a cello. (R. Edwards. "Mercier's Music Party." Burlington 90 [1948] 308-312, this reproduced p. 306 [ok reproduction])
[J F Nollekens Pa] _______. Conversation Piece (1740). New Haven, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Foundation. Includes a woman at a small square piano. (Mellon Collection exhibit, Richmond VA, 1963: Painting in England 1700-1850. pl. 145; Mellon Collection exhibit, New Haven, Yale University, 1965. no. not recorded [ok reproduction]; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 270 [small reproduciton]; Apollo 95 [1972] 36 [useless reproduction])
[J F Nollekens Pa] _______. A Gentleman Playing a Cello. London art market (1979). There is an unplayed pentagonal spinet against the wall behind him. (Connoisseur 171 [1969] June ad p. cxxxvii [fine reproduction]; Imago musicae 2 [1985] 81, as ca.1740-48?. Notes sale, Sothbey's, London, 21.III.1979, lot 76)
[J F Nollekens Pa] _______. Conversation Piece/Three Children Making Music. location unknown. The girl plays a little keyboard instrument; the boys play violin and recorder. (Apollo 95 [1972] 40 [tiny reproduction]; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 270 [fair reproduction])
[Pickering Pa] Pickering, Henry (op.1752-1790). Portrait Group of Sir Wolstan Dixie and Nine Members of His Family (1755). London art market (1963). They are seated around a two-manual harpsichord. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 29.V.1963, lot 134)
[Ramsay Pa] Ramsay, Allan (1713-1784). Portrait of Mary Coke (Campbell). private collection. She is standing beside a chitarrone which is as tall as she is. There is also a harpsichord. (exh Kenwood, 1958: * no. 30) Mezzotint by James McArdell (1728/19-1765). (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 173 [ok reproduction])
[Reynolds Pa] Reynolds, Joshua (1723-1792). Mrs Paine, Miss Paine and Miss Polly Paine. Port Sunlight, Lady Lever Art Gallery. Includes a harpsichord (with one draw stop). For a long time the painting showed only the two Misses Paine. A restoration of 1935 revealed the figure of Mrs Paine (account in the Illustrated London News of 14 September 1935). (A. Kidson. Earlier British Paintings in the Lady Lever Art Gallery. n.p. 1999. p. 130 [fair reproduction]; A Record of the Collections in the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight. London 1928. pl. 33 [fine reproduction of the 2-figure version]; Imago musicae 2 [1985] 129 [2 figures], 130 [3 figures]) Kidson [p. 130] notes that "the figures are awkwardly integrated and the harpsichord (which has been identified as an unusual Shudi with a cross-banded spine and a stand added to the top) seems to have been a late addition to the design and painted over the figures of Mrs Paine and her younger daughter. The music which Charlotte plays (without looking at it) is a song by Michael Arne, setting the words of the poem Through the Wood Laddie by Allan Ramsay, father of Reynolds's great rival; the musical notation has been faithfully rendered, a degree of detail highly uncharacteristic of Reynolds."
[Rigaud Pa] Rigaud, John Francis (Jean François) (1742-1810). Mr Collins Teaching his Daughter to Play the Harpsichord. private collection. (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 66 [ok reproduction])
[Romney Dr] Romney, George (1734-1802). The Music Lesson. London art market. A portrait of a mother and her daughter, as they pore over a music book. There is a bit of keyboard sketched in the background. very unimp. (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 65 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 17 [1989] 235 [ok reproduction, after Leppert])
[Sandby Dr] Sandby, Paul (1725-1809). Mrs. Eyre. San Marino CA, Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. She is playing a two-manual harpsichord (vaguely depicted). (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 159 [ok reproduction]) There is an even less detailed version of this (Coll. H. M. the Queen, Windsor Castle, Royal Library). (R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 160 [ok reproduction])
[Smart Pa] Smart, John (ca.1741-1811). The Misses Binnay (1806). London V&A. watercolor drawing. One of them has her hand on the keyboard of a partly visible harpsichord. (Early Music 13 [1985] 35 [ok reproduction])
[Tuscher Pa] Tuscher, Carl Marcus (1705-1751), attr. The Shudi (Tschudi) Family. London NPG. Includes Burkat (Burkhardt) Shudi (1702-1773), the celebrated Swiss harpsichord maker, tuning one of his harpsichords. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 70; P. James. Early Keyboard Instruments ... London 1930, R/1960. pl. XLVIII [fair reproduction], as perhaps by Philip Mercier; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 237 [tiny reproduction]. Text, p. 75, suggests it is not by Mercier and not by an English artist.; MGG II, cols. 327-28 [poor reproduction], as probably by Philip Mercier, 1744-45; C. Saumaraz Smith. The National Portrait Gallery. London 1997. pp. 92-93 [splendid color reproduction, but across page crease], as by Carl Marcus Tuscher, ca. 1742; Burlington 88 [June 1946] 153; Connoisseur 139 [1957] 8. Suggests artist was Barthélémy Dupan [1712-1763], a Swiss artist in London at the time.; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 167 [March 1986] La chronique des arts no. 1046, p. 46 [minuscule reproduction], as Tuscher, ca.1742; Musica calendar 1978: 11-24 June [fine color reproduction], as probably by Mercier)
[J Wright Pa] Wright, Joseph ("of Derby") (1734-1794). Portrait of Three Young Women. Lucerne art market (1953). One plays a two-manual harpsichord. Another may sing. (Burlington 95 [1953] June ad p. xxiv; Connoisseur 132 [1953] October ad p. xlviii)
[Zoffany Pa] Zoffany, Johann (1734/35-1810). Conversation Piece/"The Minuet." Glasgow, Art Gallery and Museum. A young man plays a flute as two children dance. There is a small square piano in the background. (Harrison & Rimmer. no. 159; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 191 [color reproduction]; S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 50 [fair reproduction]; MgB IV/4, p. 139; Musica calendar 1985: 1-12 January [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 377.Z77.70[b])
[Zoffany Pa] _______. The Sharp Family Making Music on the Thames at Fulham. London NPG. Includes, among the many musical instruments, an unplayed harpsichord. (Harrison and Rimmer no. 173; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 61 [color detail]; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. no. 155, p. 193 [color reproduction]; Early Music 30 [2002] February front color [ok color detail]; Musica calendar 1969: 21-September-4 October [color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 377.Z77.7S)
[Zoffany Pa] _______, attr. The Family of Charles Shaw, 9th Baron Cathcart. London V&A. pastel. Two women sing and another sings as she plays a small square piano. (Burlington 107 [1965] 409. Text [p. 411] doubts attribution to Zoffany.)
[Zoffany Pa] _______. George, 3rd Earl Cowper, with his Wife and the Family of Charles Gore (1775). New Haven, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Foundation. Emily (Sister of Lady Cowper) plays a square piano. Mr Gore plays a cello. (Harrison & Rimmer. no. 169; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. no. 338; S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 31 [fair reproduction], as painted at the Villa Palmieri in Florence; exh R.A.A., London, 1934: British Art. Commemorative Catalogue. Oxford 1935. no. 240, pl. LXIX; Early Music 12 [1984] November front cover [fine color detail], as [p. 435] ca.1775, the piano probably by Zumpe; Imago musicae II [1985] 109; MgB IV/3, p. 87; Musica calendar 1963: 21 April - 4 May [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 377.277.7C)
[Zoffany Pa] _______. Colonel William Blair and his Family with an Ayah (1786). London art market (1985). A daughter plays a square piano. Painted in Lucknow or Cawnpore. (sale, Sotheby's, 18.III.1981; Burlington 123 [1981] March ad p. viii [color reproduction]; Burlington 124 [1982] January ad p. xxi [ok color reproduction], February ad p. xv [poor reproduction], p. 179 [poor reproduction]; Early Music 13 [1985] 548 [ok reproduction], suggests that the piano is probably by Pohlman or Zumpe; Die Weltkunst 51 [1981] 546 [ok color reproduction])
[Zoffany Pa] _______. Sir John and Lady Hopkins and Family. London art market (1973). Two of the daughters are seated at a keyboard instrument. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 28.XI.1973; Burlington 115 [1973] November ad p. xlviii)
[Zoffany Pa] _______. The Three Children of Grand Duke Leopold of Tuscany. private collection. The two girls dance, accompanied by the boy playing a little violin. There is a keyboard instrument (clavichord or square piano) against the wall. (R. Levi Pisetzky. Storia del costume in Italia, IV. Milan 1967. fig. 148 opp. p. 250 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1780)
[Zoffany Pa] _______. The Artist and his Family. private collection. One daughter is at a harpsichord, another at a harp. (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 267; S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 51 [fair reproduction]) Note also a version which has been cut in half, the parts sold separately. One, with the three figures at the left (with the harpsichord and the harp), sold Christie's, London, 23.VII.1954. The other, with the four figures at the right (without musical references), sold Sotheby's, London, 20.I.1957.
[Zoffany Pa] _______. The Armstrong Sisters (Priscilla and Mary). London art market (1929). One plays the harpsichord, the other, a cittern. (Ednam sale, Christie's, London, 19.VII.1929 [poor catalog reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 377.Z77.70[d])
[Pr Anon.] British, 18th century. "The Captain's so Kind as to Thrust in a Note, While Old Lady Cuckoo is Straining her Throat" (1777). etching. A woman sings and plays a partly visible keyboard instrument (perhaps a pentagonal spinet). (Imago musicae 2 [1985] 126 [ok reproduction])
[Pa private collection] Anon., 18th century. Caricature Group of Irish Gentlemen. private collection. Includes a fat man playing a keyboard instrument. (S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 91. Identifies the harpsichordist as Garret Wellesley, first Earl of Mornington [1735-1781], composer and professor of music at Trinity College, Dublin and father of the Duke of Wellington. Painted between 1769-79, perhaps by John Trotter.)
[Patch Pa] Patch, Thomas (p.1700-1773). Caricature Group in Florence. private collection. Includes a singer, a harpsichordist (Sir John Dick) and a cellist. (S. Sitwell. Conversation Pieces London 1936. pl. 90. Identifies the harpsichordist as Sir John Dick.; exh R.A.A., London, 1934: British Art. Commemorative Catalogue. Oxford 1935. no. 121, pl. XXXIV; Vis. Coll. 377.P274.90[a])
Chamber Music (on terrace, in garden): [BI Liverpool 1754] Basire, James (1730-1802). Frontispiece of The Muses Delight. Liverpool, J. Sadler, 1754. engraving. A woman plays a harpsichord and men play violin and flute. A man, standing behind, may await his turn to sing. (Burlington 108 [1966] 404)
[BI London 1740] Bickham, George, Jr (1710/1715?-1758). Musical Ensemble, from The Musical Entertainer. 2/London 1740-41. vol. I, p. 1. engraving. Women sing and play a harpsichord (botch). Men play violin, cello and flute. (facsimile: New York 1965)
[J F Nollekens Pa] Nollekens, Joseph Francis (Frans) (1702/06-1748). Lord and Lady Tilney at Wanstead House. private collection (Longleat, Coll. Marquis of Bath). Women sing and play harpsichord and theorbo-lute. Men play two violins, cello, oboe, bassoon (and more). A violin and an oboe are unplayed. (Apollo 95 [1972] 37 [useless reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.N73.7T; =? Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967 p. 273 [poor reproduction] )
[J F Nollekens Pa] _______. Music Party on a Terrace. private collection. Women sing and play a keyboard instrument and a guitar. Men sing and play three violins/violas, cello, bassoon, flute? and two oboes. There is also a guitar case and an unplayed oboe. (sale, Christie's, London, 25.VI.1965, as Music Party before the Lake House at Wanstead House; P. Fierens. L'art en Belgique. Brussels n.d. p. 390; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967, p. 273 [fair reproduction], as L'Earl Tylney avec ses amis; Apollo 95 [1972] 39 [fair color reprodution]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 340 [poor reproduction, after Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967]; Vis. Coll. 377.N73.90[a])
Concerts (with Orchestra): [Pr London BM] Anon. A Performance of an Oratorio. London BM. drawing. The orchestra includes the player of a huge, two-manual harpsichord. (N. Dufourcq. La Musique ... Paris 1965. vol. I, p. 1323; R.Haas. Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931, R/1949. Taf. XI; Kinsky p. 264; Komma p. 158; MGG IV, cols. 1697-98 [poor reproduction]; Musica calendar 1975: 30 November - 13 December [fine reproduction]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 339 [small, poor reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 6, p. 173, as engraving, with caption comment: "it has been suggested that the figure in the right foreground is Handel")
Domestic Scenes: [Wheatley Pa] Wheatley, Francis (1747-1801). The Disaster (1788). New York art market (1968). The cat got the canary. There is an unplayed two-manual harpsichord in the room. unimp. (sale, Parke-Bernet, New York, 25.IX.1968; Burlington 110 [1968] August ad p. vi)
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: [Pa Anon.] British, ca.1750. A Musical Party. London art market (1956). Includes men playing a harpsichord, a violin, a cello, an oboe (?) and two more musical instruments. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 30.V.1956; R. Leppert. Music and Image. Cambridge 1988. p. 204: Imago musicae 2 [1985] 60 [poor reproduction])
[Cunningham Pa] Cunningham, Edmund Francis (1742-1795). Musical Party. New York art market (1927). water color on parchment. A woman plays a keyboard instrument and men sing (?) and play the violin. (Gross sale, Anderson, New York, 13-14.I.1927)
[Dance-Holland Dr] Dance-Holland, Nathaniel (1735-1811). A Musical Rehearsal. London BM. drawing. A woman plays a harpsichord, two women seated cross-legged on the floor may sing, and a man seems to direct. (Early Music 14 [1986] 332)
[Gainsborough Dr] Gainsborough, Thomas (1727-1788). Chamber Music. London BM. drawing. A woman sings, a woman (?) plays harpsichord, and a man plays a violin. Everyone seems to read from the same music on the harpsichord. (M. Cormack. The Paintings of Thomas Gainsborough. Cambridge 1991. p. 107 [color reproduction], as possibly the Linley family, Bath; J. Hayes. The Drawings of Thomas Gainsborough. New Haven 1971. vol. II. cat. no. 47, pl. 122, as the early 1770's. Suggests that the woman at the harpsichord is Mrs Linley, wife of Thomas Linley.; J. Hayes. Gainsborough. Paintings and Drawings. London 1975. pl. 101 [ok reproduction]; Kinsky p. 231; M. Rosenthal. The Art of Thomas Gainsborough ... New Haven 1999. p. 256; exh Washington, International Exhibition Foundation, 1983: Gainsborough Drawings. Ed. J. Hayes and C. Stainton. p. 12 (detail) and cat. no. 45, as the late 1760's. The violin player is Thomas Linley [1756-1778] and the singer is Elizabeth Linley [1754-1792]; Musica calendar, 1968: 22 September - 5 October [fine reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 103 [May-June 1984] La chronique des arts no. 1384-85, p. 23 [small reproduction])
[J Nollekens Pa] Nollekens, Joseph (1737-1823). A Musical Evening at Kensington Palace. London art market (1967). Women sing and play a harpsichord. Men play violin (?), cello and flute. There are an unplayed double bass and a harp (very crudely drawn). An odd, crude painting. Seems to be in poor condition. (sale, Sotheby's, 15.III.1967, lot 120)
[Sayer Dr] Sayer, James (1748-1823). "A Rehearsal." London BM acc. no. 1920-7-10-3. drawing. A woman sings and men play keyboard, 2 violins, cello, flute and 2 coiled horns (bells up). It is all quite vague and rather caricatural. (Imago musicae 2 [1985] 58)
[Zoffany Dr] Zoffany, Johann (1734/35-1810). A Musical Party. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. drawing. A woman plays a square piano and a man plays a flute. A vague, caricatural sketch. (Burlington 123 [1981] 295)
[Zoffany Dr] _______. House Concert. private collection. A small orchestra, including a boy playing a harpsichord (along the bentside "AUVI VIDE ET TACE SE VIS VIVERE IN PACE"). (Early Music 19 [1991] 501 [ok color reproduction] Suggests that the boy may be the young Mozart. Notes exhibit, Salzburg, Schloss Klessheim, 1991: Mozart: Bilder und Klänge)
Interiors (not Church, Inn): [Pr Anon.] Anon.? Vignette to John Stanley's "The Power of Musick and Beauty." engraving. A woman plays a harpsichord (crudely drawn) while a man and a dog listen attentively. (R. M. Haas Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931, R/1949. p. 232)
Music Lessons: See also Portraits, Genre Portraits and Conversation Pieces.
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [Pa location unknown] British, 18th century. A Theatrical Scene with Columbine and Harlequin. London art market (1953). The orchestra includes a harpsichord player. (sale, Christie's, 5.VI.1953, as Patch)
[Dawes Pa] Dawes, William (fl.1760-1774). The Downfall of Shakespeare Represented on the Modern Stage. Oxford art market (1965). The orchestra in the pit consists of players of harpsichord, two violins, double-bass and two oboes. There is a statuary satyr playing a bagpipe. (Burlington 107 [1965] September ad p. xxii, October ad p. xxvi, November ad p. xlviii)
Musicians: [BI London 1731] Smith, Jacob (doc.1733-1737)?. Frontispiece of [Peter Prelleur], The Modern Musick-Master or, The Universal Musician. London 1731. engraving. Amateur (?) musicians (all men) sing and play harpsichord, cello, violin, bassoon, flute, oboe and recorder. (Early Music 4 [1976] 17 [poor reproduction], notes the relation of the harpsichord, flute and recorder to the Concert champêtre of Picart; Early Music 6 [1978] 567 [detail of harpsichord, bassoon, flute and recorder]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 345; The New Grove vol. 6, p. 17; facsimile: Kassel 1965 [Documenta musicologica, Erste Reihe, XXVII])
[BI London 1740] Bickham, George, Jr (1710/1715?-1758). Harpsichordist, from The Musical Entertainer. 2/London 1740-41. vol. II, p. 11. engraving. (facsimile: New York 1965)
[BI 1739] Roberts, Henry (ca.1710-a.1790). "The Meoldious Songstress," from A Collection of the most Celebrated English and Scots Songs. 1739. engraving. The page is decorated with a woman at a spinet. (Harrison & Rimmer. no. 137 [minuscule reproduction])
[Buttner Pa] Buttner, Juriaan (doc.1737-1750). The Family Ploos van Amstel (1735). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. Includes women with a music (?) book and playing a two-manual harpsichord. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 259; sale, Blaauw-Six 13-23.VI.1939 [fair reproduction])
[La Croix Pa] La Croix, Pieter Frederik de (1709-1782). The Family of Jacob Jan de Blocq van Kuffeler (1767). private collection. Includes a woman at a small keyboard instrument (clavichord?). (A. Staring. De Hollanders thuis ... 's-Gravenhage 1956. pl. XXXVIII)
[Lapis Pa] Lapis, Hieronymus (Girolamo) (1723-1798). The Family of Cornelis Verbrugge (1773). private collection. A daughter plays a partly visible keyboard instrument. The other daughter (?) may hold music (sing?). (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 75; A. Staring. De Hollanders thuis ... 's-Gravenhage 1956. pl. XLI; van Dijck-Koopman. no. 256)
[Pothoven Pa] Pothoven, Hendrik (1725-1795). The Family of Jacob Swarth (1775). private collection. Includes a girl at a square piano. (A. Staring. De Hollanders thuis ... 's-Gravenhage 1956. pl. XL)
[Sanders Pa] Sanders, Gerard (18th century). Family Portrait. 's-Gravenhage, Gemeentemuseum, Inv. no. 93-1934. The daughter plays a keyboard instrument. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 243 [fair reproduction])
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: [Aartman Dr] Aartman (Aertman), Mathijsz Nicolaes (1713-1760). Chamber Music. Amsterdam RM Inv. no. A2260. water color drawing. A woman plays a keyboard instrument, men play violin (beating time with his bow), viola (?), cello and two oboes. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 254; MgB IV/3, p. 83; The New Grove vol. 4, p. 644)
[Langendijk Dr] Langendijk, Dirk (1748-1805). Elegant Interior with Chamber Music (1799). Amsterdam, Amsterdams Historisch Museum, inv. no. A 10656. drawing. Women sing and play a harpsichord. Men play violin, cello and flute. Another holds a violin and there is a viola on the piano. All the players seem to read from the music on the harpsichord. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 262, as "The hearing")
[Vinkeles Pr] Vinkeles, Reinier (1741-1816). The School of Friendship. engraving. A party. Young women sing (?) and play a square piano and a harp. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 261)
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [Punt-Liender Pr] Paulus van Liender (1731-1797) after Jan Punt (1711-1779). Theater Scene in Amsterdam. engraving. The orchestra in the pit includes a harpsichordist. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 249)
Musicians (amateur and professional): [Pr Anon.] Dutch, 18th century. "De Jeugd werd hier gesticht, door 't werk in zucht gehouwen/Young people are trained/disciplined by these daily tasks ..." woodcut. Includes (row 4) a young woman playing a keyboard instrument ("clavercimbaal"). (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. p. 251)
[Muys Pa] Muys, Nicolaas (1740-1808). A Woman at a Keyboard Instrument. location unknown. A genre figure, viewed through a window. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 260)
[Zegelaar Dr] Zegelaar, Gerrit (1719-1794). A Man Playing a Harpsichord. Amsterdam, Amsterdams Historisch Museum, Inv. no. A12613. drawing. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 225)
[Delcloche Pa] Delcloche, Paul Joseph (1716-1755). The Prince-Bishop of Liège, Cardinal Johann Theodor of Bavaria, and Members of his Court, at Castle Seraing sur Meuse, 1753. Munich BNM Inv. no. R7158. Includes a woman playing a harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side). (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 245a [small reproduction]; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967, p. 255 [small, useless reproduction], as ca.1750; MgB IV/2, p. 39 [fair reproduction]; MGG II, Taf. 23/2)
[J J II Horemans Pa] Horemans, Jan Josef II (1714-p.1790). Conversation Piece? Antwerp, Rockoxhuis. Women sing and play a harpsichord. Men sing, conduct and play a cello. There is a coiled horn on the floor. (Studia organologica. Festschrift John Henry van der Meer. Tutzing 1987. p. 329 [ok reproduction], as the Dulcken family in 1764?; van Dijck-Koopman 1967. no. 251 [small reproduction]; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 242 [small reproduction], as 1764)
[P J Horemans Pa] Horemans, Peter Jacob (1700-1776). Maximilian III of Bavaria and Members of his Court. Munich, Schloss Nymphenburg. A woman (Maria Josepha, Markgräfin von Baden) plays the harpsichord. Clemens August, Prince-Elector of Cologne, plays the cello, and another man (Karl, Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog in Kurland) holds a flute. There are an unplayed violin and a theorbo-lute with its case. Formerly attributed to Johann Nikolaus Grooth. (Kinsky p. 236 [fair reproduction]; Lesure. pl. 73 [English], p. 184 [German]; N. Lieb. München. Die Geschichte seiner Kunst. Munich 1971. leaf 225v, as 1762; A. Feulner. Gemälde in Residenz Museum und in Schloss Nymphenburg. Munich 1924. p. not recorded; exh Brühl, Schloss Augustusburg, 1961: Kurfürst Clemens August, Landesherr und Mäzen des 18. Jahrhunderts. p. not recorded, as 1761; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 253 [small, rather useless reproduction]; MGG VIII Taf. 92; The New Grove vol. 7, p. 274 [poor reproduction], as 1761) Replica (private collection). (exh Munich, 1974: Peter Jakob Horemans ... Kurbayerischer Hofmaler. no. 23, pl. 11, as 1770)
[P J Horemans Pa] _______. Members of the Bavarian Court at Ismaning, 1733. Munich BNM. Includes men playing harpsichord (a "Reisecembalo"/travelling harpsichord), violin, bass viol and flute (held). (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 60 [fair color detail], as 1731; Ott. fig. 66 [fair reproduction]; exh Munich, 1974: Peter Jakob Horemans ... Kurbayerischer Hofmaler. no. 8, pl. 5; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 252 [very small reproduction])
[P J Horemans Pa] _______. Graf Clemens Gaudenz von Toerring-Seefeld and his Family Making Music. private collection. Giovanni Battista Porta (1690-1755) plays the harpsichord and Graf Clemens, the cello. There are also a singers and a youth holding a lute. (exh Munich, 1974: Peter Jakob Horemans ... Kurbayerischer Hofmaler. no. 12, pl. 10, as 1736)
[P J. Horemans Pa] _______. Portrait of Josepha Gräfin von Preysing (b.1749). private collection. She is playing a harpsichord. (exh Munich, 1974: Peter Jakob Horemans ... Kurbayerischer Hofmaler. no. 59 [i.e.58], pl. 16/3 [small reproduction], as 1770)
Chamber Music (on terrace/in garden): [B Beschey Pa] Beschey, Balthazar (1708-1776), attr. Music-making on a Terrace. The Hague art market (1956). There are singers, with women playing a harpsichord and a cello and a man playing a violin. (Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967. p. 258 [fair reproduction])
[J J II Horemans Pa] Jan Josef Horemans II (1714-p.1790) (or Lambrechts). Musical Party/Concert on a Terrace. private collection. Women sing and play a harpsichord. Men sing and play violin and cello. (Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1967, p. 243 [fair reproduction]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 342 [miserable reproduction, after Jaarboek 1967])
Parties/Music Parties: [J J Horemans II Pa] Horemans, Jan Joseph II (1714-p.1790). Interior with Figures. Amsterdam RM. In seventeenth-century costume. A woman plays a harpsichord. (sale, Abelas Coll., Amsterdam, 17-18.IV.1894; van Dijck-Koopman. no. 250, as "The new song"; Antwerp KMSKJaarboek 1967. p. 239. Suggests location is a brothel; Vis. Coll. 374.1.H784.90[a])
[BI London/Brussels 1774] Moreau, Jean Michel (Moreau le Jeune) (1741-p.1814) (after). The Kiss or The Duet, from J. J. Rousseau, La Nouvelle Héloïse (Oeuvres, vol. II). London (Brussels) 1774. engraving. A man at a harpsichord kisses the hand of a lady. A woman (singer?), holding music, looks away. (T. M. MacRobert. Fine Illustrations in Western European Printed Books. London 1969. fig. 63) Drawing for this (private collection). (Vis. Coll. 375d.M812.4H2)
[J M Moreau-Guttenberg Pr] Heinrich Guttenberg (1745-1818) after Jean Michel Moreau (Moreau le Jeune) (1741-p.1814). "Les dernieres paroles de J. J. Rousseau." engraving. Among the furnishings of the room there is a square piano. (Hirth no. 3249 [ok reproduction]; exh Vienna, Oberes Belvedere, 1966: Kunst und Geist Frankreichs im 18. Jahrhundert. cat. no. 296, pl. 86)
Music: [Anon. Pr] Anon. "Nouveau Jeu de L'Himen". engraved board game. Section "La Musique, La dance et les Spectacles," depicts a putto surrounded by various objects, including a harpsichord. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 89 [1977] 143 [with detail])
[C van Loo Pa] Loo, Carle (Charles André van Loo) (1705-1765). Music-Making Children/Allegory of Music. Halle, Händel-Haus. A girl plays a harpischord and boys play violin and cello. There is also an unplayed cello. (Mg B IV/3, p. 118) Engraved by Etienne Fessard (1714-1777). (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 13; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 14) A drawing (Paris art market 1956). (sale, Drouot, Paris, 13-14.VI.1956 [ok reproduction])
[miniature Paris Louvre] French, 18th century. Portrait of a Woman at a Keyboard Instrument. Paris Louvre CdD. portrait miniature. There are two of them. In one of them the right hand touches the keys, in the other, the left. (Revue du Louvre 16 [1966] 206 [both])
[miniature Dijon MBA] Anon, 18th century. Portrait of Pierre de Jélyotte. Dijon MBA. painted ivory miniature. He plays a guitar while seated at the keyboard of a two-manual harpsichord. (F. Grunfeld. The Art and Times of the Guitar. New York 1969. p. 147. Says sitter is Claude Balbastre [1729-1799], organist of the church of St. Roch, Paris; Early Music 11 [1983] 456 [small reproduction])
[Pa Paris Louvre] French?, 18th century. Portrait of a Young Man in a Dressing Gown (1767). Paris Louvre. He rests one hand on the keyboard of a harpsichord, music on his lap. (I. Compin and A. Roquebert. Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du musée du Louvre et du musée d'Orsay. École française. Paris 1986. vol. IV. p. 315 [minuscule reproduction], as Anonymous, 18th century; Musée du Louvre. Catalogue ilustrée des peintures. Ecole française, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ed. P. Rosenberg et al. Paris 1974. no. 1025; Revue du Louvre 16 [1966] 199, as cut down from a larger work, possibly not even French, perhaps Central European. Notes sitter has been, falsely, said to be Mozart and that the painting has been attributed to Duplessis. "[E]n réalité portrait d'un inconnu par un inconnu.")
[Aubry Pa] Aubry, Etienne (1745-1781). Family Portrait. Brussels art market (1930). Includes a girl at what must be a tiny keyboard instrument. (Giroux sale, Brussels, 10.III.1930, no. 8 [fair reproduction])
[Boucher Pa] Boucher, François (1703-1770). Portrait of the Marquise de Pompadour. Paris Louvre. She has her hand on the keyboard of a harpsichord. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 118 [1991] 135; Revue du Louvre 16 [1966] 154; Vis. Coll. 375.B662.6P[a])
[Carmontelle Pa] Carmontelle, Louis Carrogis de (1717-1806). Portrait of Jean-Philippe Rameau. Chantilly, Musée Condé. pastel. He is at a two-manual harpsichord. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 297 [color reproduction])
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. Portrait of Egidio-Romualdo Duni. Chantilly, Musée Condé. pastel. Includes a keyboard instrument. (MGG III, col. 941 [small reproduction]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. II, tav. 53 [ok reproduction]; Dufourcq La Musique. vol. II, p. 51 [detail]; The New Grove. vol. 5, p. 717 [fair reproduction])
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. The Marquise du Rumain, Mlle de Rumain and the Comtesse de Polignac. Chantilly, Musée Condé. pastel. A woman apparently sings and there is a girl at the harpsichord. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 23.III.1972; Burlington 114 [1972] March ad p. xiv)
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. Leopold, Wolfgang and Nannerl Mozart. Chantilly, Musée Condé. pastel. Nannerl sings, Wolfgang plays the harpsichord and Leopold, the violin. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 5 [fair color reproduction]; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 4 [fair color reproduction]; Engraved (1763) by Jean-Baptiste Delafosse (1721-1775/1806) as "Leopold Mozart, Pere de Marianne Mozart, Virtuose âgée de onze ans et de M. G. Wolfgang Mozart, Compositeur et Maitre de Musique âgé de sept ans". (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] pp. 7, 63 [detail of Leopold], as 1764; Hirth no. 3225 [ok reproduction]; Kinsky. p. 278 [poor reproduction]; Komma p. 198 [poor reproduction]; MGG IX, Taf. 44)
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. Portrait of Mme de Maupassant (1759). Chantilly, Musée Condé. She plays a harpsichord. (Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 76)
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. Leopold, Wolfgang and Nannerl Mozart. London BM. pastel. Nannerl sings. Wolfgang plays the harpsichord and Leopold, the violin. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 6; exh London, R.A.A., 1968: France in the 18th Century. fig. 302 [small reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 12, p. 681 [small reproduction]; Early Music 12 [1984] 316 [ok reproduction]) Another version in Paris, Musée Carnavalet. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 6)
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. Mlle Delon, M. Philippe, M. Tellier. Paris, Musée Carnavalet. pastel. She sits at a harpsichord, as one of the men kisses her hand. The other plays a violin. (Lesure [English] no. 16, [German]. no. 18 [fine color reproduction]; Musica calendar 1967: 26 November-9 December [fine color reproduction])
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. The Daughters of Joseph Royer. Paris, Musée Carnavalet. pastel. One is seated at the harpsichord. One plays a violin and another plays a guitar. There is an unplayed harp. (sale, Petit, Paris, 19.V.1913 [fair reproduction])
[Carmontelle Pa] _______. "Mlle Desgots de St Domingue avec son nègre Laurent" (1766). Paris, Musée Carnavalet. pastel. She plays the harpsichord very seriously. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. II, fig. 34; exh Paris, Musée Carnavalet, 1946: Trois siècles de dessin Parisien. cat. no. 27, pl. opp. p. 48; Early Music 11 [1983] July front cover [fine color reproduction])
[Carmontelle Dr] _______, ex attr. Leopold and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. no location. drawing. Leopold plays the violin and Wolfgang, the harpsichord. (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 3 [poor color reproduction], no location)
[J L David Pa] David, Jacques Louis (1748-1825), ex attr. Portrait of Michel Gérard and his Children. La Mans, Musée Tessé. Includes a small girl at a rectangular keyboard instrument. (V. Christoffel. Klassizmus in Frankreich vor 1800. 2/Munich 1941. pp. 52, 53 [detail], as 1790; F. Novotny. Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780-1880. London1960. pl. 3, as ca.1800; Burlington 90 [1948] 280)
[Drouais Pa] Drouais, François Hubert (1727-1775). Portrait of Mme. Favart. New York Metropolitan. She is at a two-manual harpsichord. (1955 catalog: French painting, XV-XVIII centuries, p. 146)
[Drouais Pa] _______. Marie-Antoinette at the Clavichord. Vienna KH. (C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. I, tav. 103 [fair reproduction])
[Drouais Pa] _______. Portrait of Mme. Dufort de Cheverny. private collection. She holds music and drapes an arm on a two-manual harpsichord. (exh Buenos Aires, MNBA, 1945: Exposicion de obras maestras: Coleccion Paula de Koenigsberg. no. 44, pl. 41)
[Duplessis Pa] Duplessis, Joseph Sifrede (1725-1802). Portrait of Christoph Willibald Gluck (1775). Vienna KH. He is at a small, shallow keyboard instrument which is on a table. (Komma. p. 191 [ok reproduction]; M. Laclotte. French Art from 1350 to 1850. New York 1965. [Great Art and Artists of the World] p. 132 [nice color reproduction]; exh, Paris, Palais National des Arts, 1937: Chefs d'oeuvre de l'art français. pl. LXIII)
[Frédou Pa] Frédou,Jean-Martial (ca.1711-1795), attr. Portrait of Madame Victoire de France (1733-1799). location unknown. She plays a harpsichord, (Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 71, as ca.1750)
[Frédou Pa] _______. Portrait of Marie-Rose Du Boy, Second Wife of Jean-Baptiste Forqueray (1745). private collection. There is a two-manual harpsichord in the background. (Imago musicae 4 [1987] 317. Text, p. 324, says the harpsichord is a Blanchet.; MGG IV, col. 566 [poor reproduction], as Marie-Rose Forqueray-Du Bois)
[Freudenberg Dr] Freudenberg (Freudenberger), Sigmund (1745-1801). Portrait of a Woman playing a Two-Manual Harpsichord. Monaco art market (1979). drawing. (sale, Sotheby Parke Bernet Monaco, 11.II.1979; Apollo 109 [1979] January ad p. 82)
[M Q de Latour Dr] Latour, Maurice Quentin de (1704-1788). Portrait of Mme de Mondonville (1753). Saint-Quentin, Musée Antoine Lécuyer. pastel. She is at the harpsichord (keys not in realistic order). (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 42) Another version: St. Louis, City Art Museum. (exh Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum, 1956: The Century of Mozart [catalog = Bulletin I/1, p. 54]; 1944 Handbook p. 116; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 70) =? ex? Coll. Chévrier-Marcille. (G. Huisman. Chefs-d'oeuvre de l'art français ... Paris 1937. vol. I, no. 104)
[Lavrience Pa] Lavrience (Lafrensen), Nicolas (1737-1807). Count Gustav Adolf Sparre with his Wife and Daughter (1791). gouache. Öveds-Kloster. The daughter, at a square piano, shows music to her father. (A. Lindblom. Sveriges Konsthistoria, III. Stockholm 1946. p. 732)
[Lempereur Pr] Lempereur, Louis Simon (1728-1807), after. Portrait of Louis Nicolas Clérambault. engraving. Includes a harpsichord. (Dufourcq La Musique. vol. I, p. 300 [tiny reproduction])
[C A van Loo Dr] Loo, Charles André (Carle) van (1705-1765). Portrait of Alessandro Besozzo ("Il Basso"). London art market (1975). drawing. There is a keyboard instrument in the background. very unimp. (Early Music 3 [1975] 80)
[Morlot Pa] Morlot, Pierre. The Family of the Organ Builder Karl Joseph Riepp (1710-1775) (1766). Ottobeuren, Klostermuseum. Includes a woman at a two-manual harpsichord. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 46)
[Mosnier Pa] Mosnier, Jean Laurent (1743/44-1808). Portrait of a Girl Seated at a Piano. London art market (1985). She turns a page of music. (Burlington 127 [1985] September Supplement, p. 45 [fine color reproduction], as c.1800)
[Vestier Min] Vestier, Antoine (1740-1824). Portrait of Marie-Nicole Vestier. Baltimore WAG. portrait miniature. She is at her easel. There is a keyboard instrument (square piano?) beside her. Similar to the painting in a private collection (see below). (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 206, pp. 87 [color reproduction], 297)
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of an Unknown Man. London RCM. He is at a table, beside a keyboard instrument (partly visible). (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 79, p. 187, as ca.1789)
[Vestier Pa] _______. A Pair of Portraits: M. Bernard de Sarette (1788), Mme de Sarette (1791). Phoenix, Art Museum. He holds a cello. She drapes herself over the keyboard, holding music. (Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture in the Phoenix Art Museum. [Phoenix] 1965. unnumbered p.; French Paintings & Sculpture from the Phoenix Art Museum. [Phoenix 1965?]. unnumbered p.; exh Wildenstein, New York, 1948: French 18th-century Painting. p. not recorded [fine reproductions]; A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 93, p. 207 [ok reproduction]. Identifies the sitter as the singer Rose Renaut.; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [February 1964] La chronique des arts no. 1141, pp. 64-65)
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of André Grétry (1741-1813). location unknown. He is seated with one hand on the keyboard (very partly visible). (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 78, p. 185 [blurred reproduction], as ca.1788; Revue du Louvre 16 [1966] 208)
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of Mlle Rouillé (1792). private collection. She actually plays a keyboard instrument (while looking squarely at the viewer). (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 94, p. 209; Ehrich sale, Anderson, New York, 9-10.V.1922 [ok reproduction])
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman at a Harpsichord. private collection. It's a two-manual harpsichord. (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 2, p. 97, as 1758)
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of Pascalie Hosten, Comtesse d'Arjuzon. private collection. At a keyboard instrument (square piano?), her right hand on the keyboard, her left hand turning a page of music. (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 84, p. 195 [ok reproduction], as ca.1790)
[Vestier Pa] _______. Portrait of Marie Nicole Vestier. private collection. She is seated before an easel (she's a painter). There is a keyboard instrument (square piano?) behind her and a violin and its bow on her easel. unimp. (A. M. Passez. Antoine Vestier ... Paris 1989. cat. no. 42, frontispiece [ok color reproduction], p. 135, as 1785)
[Vincent Pa] Vincent, François-André (1746-1816). Portrait of a Woman at the Keyboard. ex Montreal MBA (stolen 4 September 1972). One of a pair. Her husband reads. (loan exh 1966/67: Masterpieces from Montreal. pl. 98; Burlington 114 [1972] 812 [small reproduction, notice of theft of the pair])
[Vincent Dr] _______. Johan Tobias Sergel seated at a Harpsichord (1774). New York Metropolitan. drawing. (Burlington 136 [1994] 380 [ok reproduction])
[Vincent Pa] _______. Portrait of Mlle Duplant (1793). private collection. She is at the keyboard (piano?). (exh Porto, Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis, 1964: Arts plastiques français de Watteau à Renoir. no. 18)
[Pr Anon.] Anon. "Concert Italien." engraving. A satire on the castrato Gaetano Majorano, called Caffarelli (1703-1783). Caffarelli is here represented by a cat, accompanied by a harpsichordist (Domenico Scarlatti), two violinists (Tartini and Locatelli), a cellist (Salvatore Lanzetta) and an oboist (Martini). (Haas Aufführungspraxis. p. 212)
Garden Parties: [Pa art market] French, 18th century. Garden Party. New York art market (1928). Women sing and play harpsichord. (Mrs. William Salomon sale, American Art Association, New York, 1928, no. 758 [fair reproduction])
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: See also Allegory, Music.
[BI Paris 1773] François Denis Née (ca.1739 or 1755-1817/18) after Joseph Barthélemy Le Bouteaux (ca.1744-ca.1790). "Vos yeux commencent nos tourmens"/Chamber Music by Candlelight, from Jean-Benjamin de La Borde, Choix de Chansons, T. II. Paris, Délormel, 1773. vol. II, p. 128. engraving. A woman plays a harpsichord and a man plays a violin. "Vos yeux commencent nos tourmens/Et vos doigts charmans/Achévent leur ouvrage." (M. von Boehn. Rokoko Frankreich im XVIII Jahrhundert. Berlin 1919. p. 400; R. M. Haas Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931, R/1949. p. 243 [fuzzy reproduction]; Early Music 12 [1984] 429 [fair reproduction])
[Boitard Dr] Boitard, Louis Philippe (ainé) (fl.1738-1763). The Rehearsal. New Haven, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Foundation? drawing. An orchestra, including a harpsichordist, accompanies a singer. (Imago musicae 2 [1985] 62, suggests this was an English group; exh Colnaghi, London, August 1964, no. 80)
[Eisen Dr] Eisen, Charles (1720-1778). A Concert of Amateurs. Paris art market (1923). A woman plays a harpsichord and men play cello and flute. There may be an oboe on the floor. Vaguely sketched. (Masson sale, Petit, Paris, 7-8.V.1923 [fair illustration, but probably shows all one needs to see])
[Eisen-Longueil Pr] Joseph de Longueil (1733-1792) after Charles Eisen (1720-1778). "Concert Méchanique". engraving. An automaton, invented by R. Richard (Paris 1769). A woman plays a huge harpsichord and men play violin and cello. (Kinsky p. 238 [fair reproduction]; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. II. fig. 50)
[Flipart Pa] Flipart, Charles Joseph (1721-1797). The Duet. Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. A woman plays a harpsichord and a man, a cello. (exh Pittsburg, Carnegie Institute, 1954: Genre Painting in Europe 1500-1900. no. 57 [ok reproduction])
[Lavrience-Dequevauvillier Pr] Nicolas Barthéleme François Dequevauvillier (1745-1807?) after Nicolas Lavrience (Lafrensen) (1737-1807). "L'Assemblé(e) au concert." etching. Includes women singing and playing a harpsichord, and men playing large cello or small double bass (the endpin stuck into the harpsichordist's gown) and flute. (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 59 [fair reproduction], as 1785; Kinsky p. 219 [poor reproduction], as ca.1785; M. Praz. An Illustrated History of Furnishing ... New York 1964. p. 161 [fair reproduction], as 1784; C. G. Börner, Leipzig, cat. no. 44 [n.d.], no. 73 [poor reproduction]; G. Mühlbacher sale, Paris, Petit, 15-18 May, 1899, no. 160 [useful reproduction, but over the page crease])
[C van Loo Pa] Loo, Carle (Charles André van Loo) (1705-1765). The Grand Turk gives a Concert to his Mistress (1737). London Wallace. A woman plays a two-manual harpsichord (the music on the rack is the aria "Si caro, si," from Handel's Admeto) and men play two violins and a cello. (W. G. Kalnein and M. Levey. Art and Architecture of the Eighteenth Century in France. Harmondsworth 1972. no. 120; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. II, fig. 66, as "Le Grand Seigneur donnant un concert à sa maîtresse"; Arts in Virginia 8 [1967/68] p. not recorded; Early Music 12 [1984] 300, 301 [detail of the music])
[C van Loo Pa] _______. House Concert in an Elegant Interior. location unknown (formerly St. Petersburg, Hermitage). A woman plays a large, two-manual harpsichord. Men play three violins, viola (or a fourth violin), and cello. Note commentary of Cristina Bordas Ibañez summarized in The Galpin Society Journal 50 [1997] 160: the painting is by Carle van Loo; it is no longer in the Hermitage (location unknown); and it probably represents a French, not a Spanish, ambience. (Kinsky p. 236 [poor reproduction]; C. Sachs. The History of Musical Instrumens. New York 1940. pl. XXIV, opp. p. 400, as a concert at the Spanish court with the queen playing the harpsichord, by Jacob van Loo; Vis. Coll. 375.V324.90[f], as Jacques van Loo)
[J M Moreau Dr] Moreau, Jean Michel (Moreau le Jeune) (1741-p.1814). A Soirée at Saint-Cloud (1774). private collection (formerly David-Weill coll.). drawing. A woman plays a harp and a man plays a violin. There is an unplayed harpsichord. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. II, fig. 48; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1977] 83; sale of the René Fribourg collection, Sotheby's, London, 16.X.1963; Burlington 105 [1963] September ad p. xi)
[Olivier Pa] Olivier, Michel Barthélemy (1712-1784). Musicale at the court of the Prince de Conti, with a Performace by the Young Mozart (1766). Paris Louvre. Mozart plays the harpsichord, a man may sing, and Pierre Jéylotte, a singer at the Opéra, tunes his guitar. There is an unplayed cello. (Musée du Louvre. Catalogue illustré des peintures. Ecole française, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ed. P. Rosenberg et al. Paris 1974. no. 603; O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] pp. 8, 9 [detail]; Dufourcq Musique. vol. II, pp. 70-71 [cropped?, across page crease]; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 5 [fair color reproduction], as Tea at Prince Conti's in the Temple, as 1761; Kinsky p. 279 [fuzzy reproduction]; MGG IX, cols. 723-24 [fuzzy reproduction]; Revue du Louvre 16 [1966] 198 [small reproduction], notes it was exhibited at the Salon of 1777 as Le thé à l'anglaise, dans le salon des quatre glaces, Au Temple, avec toute la Cour du prince de Conti)
[Olivier Pa] _______. Toilet of the Princess of Conti. private collection. Figures play harpsichord and viola da gamba. (Vis. Coll. 375.Ol48.4C[c])
[Robert Dr] Robert, Hubert (1733-1808). Musical Gathering. Besançon, Musée. Includes men playing harpsichord and violin. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 299; Pincherle p. 128; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 81; Vis. Coll. 375d.R541.90[b])
[A de Saint-Aubin-Duclos Pr] Antoine Jean Duclos (1742-1795) after Augustin de Saint-Aubin (1736-1807). "Le Concert"/House Concert (1773). engraving. Includes women singing (?) and playing a harpsichord. Men play violin, cello and flute. There are unplayed harp and double bass. (Kinsky p. 247 [useless reproduction]; Komma p. 173, as ca.1765, as Saint-Aubin after Duclos; G. Busch and H. Keller. Meisterwerke der Kunsthalle Bremen. Bremen 1959. no. 70 [ok reproduction]; MgB IV/3, p. 105; The New Grove vol. 4, p. 618 [miserable reproduction], as concert in the home of the Comtesse de St. Brisson, 1773 -- as Saint-Aubin after Duclos; Musica calendar 1981: 8-21 March [fine reproduction of colored engraving]) Water color drawing (New York art market 1930). (Béraudière sale, American Art Association, New York, 11-12.XII.1930)
[G J de Saint-Aubin Pa] Saint-Aubin, Gabriel Jacques de (1724-1780), attr. The Duet. San Francisco, the Fine Arts Museum. A woman plays a two-manual harpsichord and a man plays a violin. There is an unplayed double bass. (Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 82, as ca.1772)
Instrument Builder/Repair Workshop: [BI Paris 1751] An Instrument Builder's Workshop, from Diderot and D'Alembert, Encyclopédie. Paris 1751. engraving. There seems to be a spinet in a case (or at least a case for a spinet) on the floor. (Pincherle p. 141 [ok reproduction])
Music/Dancing Lessons: [Durameau Dr] Durameau, Louis-Jean-Jacques (1733-1796). The Music Lesson. Rotterdam BvB. Includes a woman at a two-manual harpsichord. (Rodrigues sale, Drouot, Paris, 28-29.XI.1928)
[Fragonard Pa] Fragonard, Jean-Honoré (1732-1806). The Music Lesson. Paris Louvre. A young woman plays a two-manual (?) harpsichord. There is a mandore on a chair. (J.-P. Cuzin. Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Life and Work. New York 1988. cat. no. 39, p. 267, as ca.1755. Considers it "an early and incomplete work."; L. Gianoli and G. Maschepa. La pittura e la musica. Milan 1967. pl. XXXV [fine color reproduction]; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. cover [color detail]; E. Höhne. Musik in der Kunst. Leipzig 1965. no. 30 [color detail]; G. Wildenstein. The Paintings of Fragonard. New York 1960. cat. no. 248, pl. 39; exh Vienna, Oberes Belvedere, 1966: Kunst und Geist Frankreichs im 18. Jahrhundert. cat. no. 31, pl. 42. Notes that the theme of the young lover disguised as a music master goes back to 17th-century Dutch painting; Musica calendar 1977: 27 November - 12 December [fine color reproduuction]; Vis. Coll. 375.F844.90[g])
[Guérin Dr] Guérin, François (ca.1730-1791). Music Lesson. Paris, École des Beaux-Arts. drawing. An elegant interior. Young ladies sing and tune a guitar. In the background a man is seated at a vaguely depicted keyboard instrument, perhaps giving a singing lesson. Pretty drawing but unimportant. (Albertina Studien 2 [1964] 30)
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [C N Cochin Pa] Cochin, Charles Nicolas (Cochin fils) (1715-1790). A Scene from Rameau's La Princesse de Navarre, as Staged in the Grand Ecurie, Versailles, 1745. Paris, Musée de l'Opéra. drawing. The orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 228; Early Music 8 [1980] 148-49 [ample detail])
Parties/Music Parties: [Lavrience-de Launay Pr] Nicolas de Launay (1739-1792) after Nicolas Lavrience (Lafrensen) (1737-1807). "Le billet-doux." engraving. A drawing room with lovers and a square piano, cello and harp. (exh Trieste, Mseo Sartorio, 1972: Pittura, disegni e stampe del '700 dalle collezioni dei Civici Musei di Storia ed Arte in Trieste. no. or p. 151)
[J M Moreau-Helman Pr] Isidore Stanislas Helman (1743-1806) after Jean Michel Moreau (Moreau le Jeune) (1741-p.1814). "L'Accord parfait,"from Monument du costume (1777). no. 20. A jealous and a successful lover on opposite sides of a lady with a harp. There is an unplayed, partly visible, keyboard instrument. (M. von Boehm. Rokoko Frankreich im XVIII Jahrhundert. Berlin 1919. p. 406; Hirth no. 3453 [fine reproduction]; Kinsky p. 239) Drawing for this (London art market [1959]). (sale, Sotheby's, London, 10.VI.1959; Burlington 101 [1959] May ad p. ix; Vis. Coll. 375d.M812.90[g]) An engraving after this (reversed) by Friedrich Albrecht Annert (1759-1800), Nuremberg. (Ott. p. 78)
[Trinquesse Pa] Trinquesse, Louis-Rolland (1746-1800). Divertissement musical (1774). Munich AP. Young ladies play piano and guitar for an admiring young man. (Musica calendar 1988: 24 January - 6 February [fine color reproduction]; Burlington 129 [1987] Sept. supp. p. 104 [a color reproduction of the February 1987 cover of Art & Auction, with superimposed text]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 109 [March 1987] La chronique des arts no. 1418, p. 13 [small reproduction])
Animals: [BI Paris after 1755] Lemire, Noël (1724-1801), after. Title page of Nicolas Rocot de Grandval, Six cantates serieuses et comiques. Paris, Lambert & Mangean, after 1755. engraving. Monkeys sing, conduct, and play harpsichord, violin and cello. (Fraenkel no. 131 [ok reproduction]; MGG V, col. 691 [small reproduction])
Musicians: [BI Paris 1748] Michel (?) Aubert (1700-1757) after Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743). Title page of Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville, Pieces de Clavecin Avec Voix ou Violin. Paris, the composer, 1748. engraving. Includes a woman playing a harpsichord. (Fraenkel no. 121)
[Pa New York Metropolitan] French, 18th century. "Chinese" musicians making Music. New York Metropolitan. painting on the interior lid of a harpsichord by Jan (the Elder) Goermans (Paris 1754). Includes a woman playing a harpsichord. (Early Music 4 [1976] 16)
[Po Rouen Céramique?] French (Rouen), 18th century. A Woman Playing a Keyboard Instrument. Rouen, Musée de la Céramique?. fayence tile. (La Revue des Arts 1 [1951] 117, location unspecified)
[G J de Saint-Aubin Dr] Saint-Aubin, Gabriel Jacques de (1724-1780). A Young Woman at the Keyboard. Amsterdam RM. drawing. (Nederlandse Rijksmusea 74 [1952] after p. 36)
[G J de Saint-Aubin Dr] _______, attr. A Woman at the Harpsichord. New York art market (1948). (sale, Christie's, London, 12.III.1948)
Putti: [BI Paris 1743/44] Lebas, Jacques Philippe (1707-1783)? Title page of Jean-Marie Leclair (L'aine), VI Concerto. Paris, the composer, with Boivin & Le Clerc, 1743/44. engraving. Putti conduct and play harpsichord, violin and flute. (Fraenkel no. 128 [ok reproduction])
Hearing (Five Senses): [Probst Pr] Probst, Georg Balthasar (op. ca. 1750). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. pub. Augsburg ca. 1750. hand-colored engraving. The large orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (Lesure pl. 51 [English edition], 58 [German edition] [fine color reproduction]; T. L. Naylor. The Trumpet and Trombone in Graphic Arts 1500-1800. Nashville 1979. no. 49 [poor reproduction])
Music (Liberal Arts): [BI Augsburg 1736] Jacob Andreas Fridrich, the Elder (1684-1751). Title page of Gottlieb Muffat. Componimenti Musicali per il Cembalo. Augsburg, Johann Christian Leopold, 1736 (?). engraving. Includes a woman (Musica?) seated at a harpsichord, with one hand on the keyboard, waving her quill pen in the other, and looking inspired. She is accompanied by a clutch of musical putti. (Fraenkel no. 141; R. M. Haas. Die Musik des Barocks. Potsdam 1928, R/1949. p. 260 [poor reproduction]; MGG IX, col. 921-22 [poor reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 8, p. 237)
[Pa Augsburg Stadtarchiv] Anon., ca.1770. The Mozart Family. Augsburg, Stadtarchiv. Maria Anna (Nannerl) plays a small rectangular keyboard instrument placed on a cloth-covered table (clavichord?), Wolfgang Amadeus plays a violin and Leopold a large (partly visible) lute. (J. Montagu. The World of Baroque & Classical Musical Instruments. Woodstock NY 1979. frontispiece [fine color reproduction])
[Pa Schloss Ebenthal] Anon., 18th century. Graf Johann Anton von Goëss (1695-1764), Gräfin Maria Anna (1695-1769) and their Children. Schloss Ebenthal. wall painting. Maria Franziska plays (standing) a harpsichord, Johann Sigismund Rudolf plays a cello, Johann Carl Anton plays a violin, Maximiliana plays a lute, Maria Anna sings, and Aloisia dances. (Early Music 10 [1982] 464 [lute, singer, cello], 465 [harpsichord, dancer], as 1739; Gitarre & Laute 1983 no. 6, pp. 381-2 [all except the violin])
[Pa Hannover HM] Austrian (Vienna), 18th century. The Children of the Imperial Household (Archduchess Maria Theresia and Emperor Franz I). Hannover, Historisches Museum am Hohen Ufer. Includes a young woman (Anna) with music, as if to sing, and a young woman (Archduchess Maria) with one hand on the keyboard of a small, rectangular keyboard instrument on a table. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Tanuns, 1968. p. 49, as ca.1755)
[Pa Innsbruck Hofburg] Austrian?, 18th century. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his Family. Innsbruck, Hofburg, Ministerzimmer. Includes a young woman at a keyboard instrument. (Salmen Katalog. p. 78 [dark reproduction], as ca.1771)
[Pa Innsbruck Hofburg] Austrian?, 18th century. Emperor Joseph II and his Family. Innsbruck, Hofburg, Inkredenzgang. Includes a young woman at a keyboard instrument. (Salmen Katalog. p. 78 [dark reproduction], as ca.1771)
[Pa Vienna KH] Austrian?, 18th century. Portrait of Marie-Antoinette. Vienna KH, Sammlung alter Musikinstrumente. Includes an unplayed keyboard instrument. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. II, p. 49 [small reproduction], as by Franz Xaver Wagenschoen [1726-1790]; Salmen Katalog. pl. 79; MgB IV/3, p. 108)
[Pa Warsaw MN] German, 18th century. Family Portrait. Warsaw NM. The elder daughter is at the keyboard. (1964 catalog. no. 238)
[Pa private collection] German (probably Franconian), mid-18th century. A Woman playing a Clavichord. private collection. (Musica calendar 1971: cover [color reproduction])
[Pa private collection] German, 18th century. Portrait of Ursula Pfister of Lindau, with her Children. private collection. One daughter is at the keyboard; another holds a sheet of music. (exh Kaiserslauten, Pfalzgalerie, 1970: Kunst aus Pfälzer Privatbesitz. no. 139)
[Pa private collection] Swiss, 18th century. Conversation Piece. private collection. Woman sing and play a harpsichord. A man plays a violin. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 44)
[Berczy Pa] Berczy, Wilhelm von Moll (1748/49-1813). The Archduke Pietro Leopold and his Ten Children in Palazzo Pitti, Florence. Florence, Palazzo Pitti. One of his daughters is at a square piano. (Pantheon 37 [1979] 229, as 1781/82. Notes exhibit, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, 1937: Curiosità di una reggia)
[Chodowiecki Dr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). Conversation Piece. Frankfurt am Main SKI. drawing. Includes a woman at a harpsichord and a man with a double bass (?). (Städelsches Kunstinstitut. Katalog der deutschen Zeichnungen: Alte Meister. Munich 1973. Supp. no. 722, p. 247 [tiny, faint reproduction])
[Croce Pa] Croce, Johann Nepomuk de la/della (1736-1819). Leopold, Nannerl and Amadeus Mozart. Salzburg, Mozarteum. Leopold holds a violin and Maria Anna (Nannerl) and Wolfgand Amadeus play (cross-handed) at the harpsichord. (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 8 [ok color reproduction], as painted in Salzburg, 1780-81; Musica calendar 1962: 21-May-2 June [fine color reproduction]; MGG IX, Taf. 45 [color reproduction]; Early Music 20 [1992] 207 [ok color reproduction]) Engraving after the painting. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. II, p. 62; Pincherle p. 135)
[Edlinger Pa] Edlinger, Josef Georg von (1741-1819). The Book-Seller Johann B. Strobl (Strobel) with his Two Children. Munich NP. Includes his son playing a vaguely depicted keyboard instrument. (O. Fischer. Geschichte der deutschen Malerei. Munich 2/1943. p. 432, as ca. 1795 [Thieme-Becker dates it as after 1800]; H. Kronberger-Frentzen. Das deutsche Familienbildnis. Leipzig 1940. no. 39, as ca.1790; H. Kurlinger. München und die Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts. Munich 1966. Abb. 46; R. Oldenbourg. Die Münchner Malerei im 19. Jahrhundert. I. Teil. Munich 1922. p. 23)
[Grooth Pa] Grooth, Johann Nikolaus (1721/23-1797). Kurfürst Maximilian III Joseph (1727-1777), his Wife Maria Anna (1728-1797) and his Sister (1758). Munich, Residenz Museum. His wife plays a harpsichord and looks intently at him as he plays a seven-string bass viol. (H. Brunner. Die Kunstschätze der Munchner Residenz. Ed. A. Miller. Munich 1977. p. 92 [small reproduction], as Das kleine Hofkonzert; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. no. 40 [ok color reproduction]; Katalog der Gemälde im Residenz-Museum München und in Schloss Nymphenburg. Munich 1924. pl. 11; MgB IV/3, p. 107 [ok reproduction]; MGG I, col. 1441-42 [poor reproduction]; Early Music 12 [1984] 346)
[Guttenbrunn-Schiavonetti Pr] Luigi Schiavonetti (1765-1810) after Ludwig Guttenbrunn (ca.1740/1755-p.1813/15). Portrait of Franz Joseph Haydn. engraving. He is at a square piano. unimp. (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. p. 77)
[Harburg Pa] Harburg (Harborch), Johann Peter (doc.1726-1738), attr. Portrait of Fürstäbtissen Elisabeth Ernestine Antonie. Gandersheim, Abbey. Includes a small keyboard instrument on a table. (Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des Herzogthums Braunschweig, 5: Kr. Gandersheim. Wolfenbüttel 1896-. pl. XIV)
[Hoffmeister Pa] Hoffmeister, Johann Philipp (doc.1738-m.1771). Portrait of a Young Woman at the Keyboard. private collection. Only a few keys are visible. (exh Darmstadt, 1914: Deutsches Barock und Rokoko. Ed. G. Biermann. vol. II, Abb. 784)
[Kauffmann Pa] Kauffmann, Angelica (1741-1807). Henry Loftus, Early of Ely; Lady Ely; their Niece Dorothy (Dolly) Monroe; and Angelica Kauffmann (1771). Dublin NGI. Dolly is at a one-manual harpsichord. (B. Boydell. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 38 [fair reproduction]. Notes the music book is open to an Italian aria from Niccolo Piccini's La Buona Figliuola.)
[Kraus Pa] Kraus, Georg Melchior Johann (1737-1806). Portrait of Christoph Martin Wieland and his Family. Weimar, Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek. includes a keyboard instrument. (H. Kronberger-Frentzen. Das deutsche Familienbildnis. Leipzig 1940. no. 34)
[Liotard Dr] Liotard, Jean-Etienne (1702-1789). Portrait of Archduchess Maria Josephine von Hapsburg, Daughter of Empress Maria Theresia (1762). Zürich, Gottfried-Keller-Stiftung, deposited in Geneva, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire. drawing. She is at the harpsichord. (exh Bern, 1965: Meisterwerke der Gottfried-Keller-Stiftung. p. 83)
[Lisiewska Pa] Lisiewska, Anna Rosina (1716-1783). Portrait of Philippine Charlotte, Duchess of Braunschweig (Sister of Frederick the Great). Berlin art market (1915). Includes a harpsichord. (sale, Lepke, Berlin, 4.V.1915)
[Pa Lorenzoni] Lorenzoni, Peter Anton (Pietro Antonio) (ca.1721-1782), attr. Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Salzburg 1763). Salzburg, Mozarteum. Mozart as a child beside a keyboard instrument. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 3 [ok color reproduction]; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 1 [ok color reproduction]; MGG IX, cols. 709-10, as early 1763)
[Pa Lorenzoni] _______, attr. Portrait of Maria Anna (Nannerl) Mozart (Salzburg 1763). Salzburg, Mozarteum. A companion the the portrait of Wolfgang. She is beside a keyboard instrument (only a couple of the keys are visible). (A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 19)
[Matthieu Pa] Matthieu, Georg David (1736-1778). The Kapelle of the Schwerin Court, 1770. ex Schwerin SM. Many figures, including a player of the harpsichord. (MGG XII, cols. 409-10 [fair reproduction])
[Matthieu Pa] _______. Portrait of Princess Amalie von Mecklenburg (1765). ex? Schwerin SM. She is at the keyboard. The music on the rack is a manuscript copy of an aria from Leonardo Vinci's "Artaserse." (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 42)
[A W Tischbein Pa] Tischbein, Anton Wilhelm (1730-1804), attr. The Family of Michael Fellner. Frankfurt am Main, Historisches Museum. There are three sons. One is seated at a keyboard instrument. One tunes a violin. There is a cello beside the chair of the smallest son and a flute on the piano. A darling picture. (Ernst Otto Graf zu Solms. Anton Wilhelm Tischbein. Lauback 1958. no. 25. He notes that there are two copies, one in the Historisches Museum and one in a private collection. He does not say which he reproduces.)
[J H Tischbein I Pa] Tischbein, Johann Heinrich I (1722-1789). Portrait of a Young Woman with a Fan. Augsburg, Städtische Kunstsammlungen. She is at a very partly visible keyboard instrument, with music on the rack and draped on the keyboard. (exh Kassel, Neue Galerie, Staatliche und Städtische Kunstsammlungen, 1989-90: Johann Heinrich Tischebin d. Ä ... no. 5, Taf. 5 [color reproduction], as ca.1752/53)
[J H Tischbein I Pa] _______. Self-Portrait with his late Wife. Berlin SMPK. His wife plays a clavichord. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. no. 51 [ok reproduction]; H. Schmitz. Kunst und Kultur des 18. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland. Munich 1922. p. 256 [poor reproduction]; exh Kassel, Neue Galerie, Staatliche und Städtische Kunstsammlungen, 1989-90: Johann Heinrich Tischebin d. Ä ... no. 18, Taf. 11 [color reproduction]; MgB IV/3, p. 127 [ok reproduction])
[J H Tischbein I Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman. Berlin art market (1918). She sits beside a keyboard instrument, probably a one-manual harpsichord and holds a very crumpled music sheet. (Coll. Wilhelm Gumprecht sale, Cassirer, Berlin, 21.III.1918)
[Urlaub Pa] Urlaub, Georg Anton Abraham (1744-1788). The Artist and the Sisters Magdalena and Dorothea Urlaub. Würzburg, Mainfränksiches Museum. One of the sisters plays a small keyboard instrument. (Würzburg, Mainfränkisches Museum. Neuerwerbungen 1946-56. Würzburg 1956. pl. 10)
[Zick Pa] Zick, Januarius (1730-1797). The Rémy Family at Bendorf bei Koblenz, 1776. Nuremberg GNM. Women hold music (singer?) and play clavichord and violin. Men play violin, viola (or violin) and cello. (A. Bach. Aus Goethes Rheinischem Lebensraum. Cologne 1968. p. 187; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. no. 47; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 63; H. Kronberger-Frentzen. Das deutsche Familienbildnis. Leipzig 1940. no. 35, as Familie Remy in ihrer Rasselsteiner Hütte; Lesure pl. 15 [English], 17 [German] [ok reproduction]; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. fig. 65; exh Darmstadt, 1914: Deutsches Barock und Rokoko. Ed. G. Biermann. vol. II, Abb. 736; Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, XVI/3: Landkreis Koblenz. Düsseldorf 1944. p. 41 [fair reproduction]; Deutsche Kunst und Kultur im Germanischen Nationalmuseum. Nuremberg 1952. p. 192, 2/1960. p. 206; MgB IV/2, p. 39; Musica calendar 1979: 9-22 September [fine color reproduction])
[Ziesenis Pa] Ziesenis, Johann Georg (1716-1776). Portrait of Princess Elisabeth von Braunschweig. private collection. She drapes her arm over a one-manual harpsichord (?). (exh Darmstadt, 1914: Deutsches Barock und Rokoko. Ed. G. Biermann. vol. II, Abb. 767)
[Berlin/Amsterdam 1778-79] Anon. Title page of Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, Six diverses pieces ... Berlin, Amsterdam, Jean Julien [i.e. Johann Julius] Hummel [1778-79]. engraving. The vignette is a square piano. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 258)
[Mansfeld Pr] Mansfeld, Johann Ernst (1739-1796). Portrait of Franz Joseph Haydn. engraving. There are several musical instruments in the border, including a keyboard instrument. very unimp. (Early Music 10 [1982] 358 [ok reproduction])
Chamber Music (on Terrace, in Garden): [BI Leipzig 1736] Christian Friedrich Boëtius (1706-1782) after Johann Adolf Richter (1682-1768) (?). Frontispiece for Sperontes (Johann Sigismund Scholtze), Singende Muse an der Pleisse. Leipzig 1736. engraving. Includes a woman, on a riverside terrace, playing a clavichord. There is also a pair of allegorical figures (they both have pairs of little wings on their heads) singing and playing a clavichord. (Fraenkel no. 144; MGG vol. l, Taf. XXXIX/1 [fuzzy reproduction]; Early Music 6 [1978] 423; Early Music 13 [1985] 331 [poor reproduction])
Concerts: [Stammbuch Hamburg Kunst und Gewerbe] Anon., 18th century. The student Collegium musicum of Jena presenting a solemn Vivat for professor Christian Friedrich Volz, in front of Johannisstrasse No. 3, from a Stammbuch. Hamburg, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Inv. no. E 1897.1548. A torchlight performance. The substantial orchestra includes a harpsichord (on a table, bentside on the wrong side). (MgB IV/2, p. 45 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1740; Musica calendar 1979: 17-30 June [fine color reproduction], with date 1744; MGG VI, cols. 1859-60 [poor reproduction]; Early Music 7 [1979] January front cover [color reproduction, substantial detail])
Domestic Interiors: [Pa location unknown] Anon, 18th century. A Room in the Prinz-Max-Palais, Dresden (1776). location unknown. There is a harpsichord among the furnishings. (M. Praz. An Illustrated History of Furnishing ... New York 1964. pp. 154-5 [large, fuzzy reproduction, across the page crease])
[Chodowiecki Dr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). One of a series of drawings for a "Heiratsgeschichte." Frankfurt am Main SKI. drawing. A woman enters a room where a man is standing. There is a square piano among the furnishings. The inscription reads, "Ich stand da, glaube ich, albern und betroffen genug. zum I. Brief." (Städelsches Kunstinstitut. Katalog der deutschen Zeichnungen: Alte Meister. Munich 1973. Supp. no. 760, p. 259)
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: [BI Nuremberg ca.1760] Anon. "Die Musick-liebende Jugend," from Angenehme Bilderlust. Nuremberg, P. C. Monath [ca.1760] colored etching. A family group. The mother plays a harpsichord, a son plays a violin, and the father and another son sing (the father conducting with a roll of music). (MgB IV/3, p. 119. Notes that this was part of a movement to educate and elevate youth.)
[BI Zürich 1744] Anon. Musicale, from Zürich Musicalische Neu-Jahrs-Geschenke. Zürich 1744. engraving. A little ensemble of harpsichord, several violins/violas, two cellos, two oboes and two 1-1/2 circle coiled horns. (M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 210; The New Grove vol. 4, p. 632)
[Stammbuch Halle Stadtarchiv] German, mid-18th century. Scenes of Student Life, from the Stammbuch of Paulus Serres. Halle, Stadtarchiv. gouache. Students around a table play clavichord, two violins, cello and coiled horn (bell up). (MgB IV/4, p. 137)
[Stammbuch Nuremberg GNM] Anon., ca. 1775. A Collegium Musicum Rehearsing a Cantata, from a Stammbuch. Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Sign. HB,26068. gouache(?) miniature. Includes a player of a huge harpsichord. (Lesure, pl. 8 [English version], pl. 9 [German version]; MgB IV/3, p. 81; Early Music 1 [1973] 136 [small, cropped reproduction]; Musica calendar 1985: 22 Sept. - 5 Oct [fine color reproduction])
[Pa ex Schloss Monbijou] German, 18th century. Concert before Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine, Markgräfin von Bayreuth. ex Hohenzollern-Museum, Schloss Monbijou. A substantial ensemble, including a woman playing a large harpsichord. (MGG VI, Taf. 27 [fuzzy reproduction, photo of a photo])
[Po Meissen no location] German (Meissen) 18th century. Family Concert. no location. porcelain figure group. The son and daughter sing, the father conducts and the mother plays a harpsichord. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königsteim im Taunus 1968. p. 15. no location)
[Chodowiecki Dr/Pr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). House Concert. etching. A woman plays a huge harpsichord and men sing and play two violins, viola and cello. (Hirth no. 3288; MgB IV/3, 103; MGG I, cols. 801-2; Early Music 11 [1983] 480 [ok reproduction]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 346) Drawing (location unknown). (sale, C. G. Boerner, Leipzig, 4-5.VI.1913 [poor reproduction]; sale Prestel, Frankfurt am Main, 9.X.1916) (R. M. Haas Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931, R/1949. p. 216, after Daniel Chodowiecki, 62 bisher unveröffentliche Handzeichnungen zu dem Elementarwerk von Johann Bernhard Basedow. Frankfurt am Main 1922.)
[Haid Pa] Haid, Johann Christian (1706-1734?). The Trio (1722). Cologne art market (1905). miniature on parchment. A woman sings and men play harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side) and lute. (Jaffe sale, Heberle, Cologne, 27-30.III.1905)
[Holzhalb-Schellenerg Pr] Johann Rudolf Holzhalb (1732-1806) after Johann Rudolf Schellenberg (1740-1806). "Concerto a cembalo obligato con stromenti." Publication of the Gesellschaft auf dem Musiksaal, Zurich 1777. engraving. A little ensemble of harpsichord (the only woman), two violins, cello, two flutes and two 1-1/2 circle coiled horns. (MgB IV/2, p. 69 [fine reproduction]; Early Music 13 [1985] 31 [small reproduction])
[Mansfeld Pr] Mansfeld, Johann Ernst (1739-1796). Chamber Concert. engraving. A woman plays a harpsichord and men play three violins/violas, cello or bass viol and flute. (Salmen Katalog. p. 80; MgB IV/3, p. 103 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 16 [1988] 486 [fair reproduction])
[Matthieu Pa] Matthieu, Georg David (1736-1778). Chamber Concert for Prince Ludwig in Schwerin (1765). Schwerin, SM (formerly in Schloss Ludwigslust). Women sing and play harpsichord. Men play violin, cello and flute. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 45; MgB IV/3, p. 107, with identification of the musicians. The harpsichordist is Princess Ulrike Sofie [1723-1813], daughter of Duke Christian Ludwig II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; MGG VII, col. 486 [fuzzy reproduction]; Musica calendar 1967: 25 June-8 July [ok reproduction])
[Nilson Pr] Nilson, Johann Esaias (1721-1788). La Musique du Cabinet/Die Music bei Hoff. engraving. Includes a woman playing a rectangular keyboard instrument. (Hirth no. 3201)
[J A de Peters Pa] Peters, Johann Anton de (1725-1795). Music Salon/Huldigung an Gluck. Cologne WRM inv. no. 1080. Two or three sing beside a harpsichord, a woman has a lute, and there is a mandore (?) on the floor (Katalog der deutschen Gemälde von 1550 bis 1800 im Wallraf-Richartz-Museum ... Ed. U. Erichsen-Firle and H. Vey. Cologne 1973. fig. 85 [fair reproduction, text pp. 68-69]; MgB IV/3, p. 95; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 34 [1972] 294; Vis. Coll. 373.P442.90[a])
[Schellenberg Pr] Schellenberg, Johann Rudolf (1740-1806). Musicale, from Reichardt's Musikalisches Kunstmagazin (Berlin 1782) (?). engraving. A caricature group of four men singing and playing harpsichord, viola (large violin) and huge double bass. (MGG IV, cols. 1903-04, as from Reichardt's Musikalischer Almanach, 1782)
[G F Schmidt Pr] Schmidt, Georg Friedrich (1712-1775). Chamber Concert/"Executio Anima Compositionis." engraving. Men sing and play harpsichord, two violins, viola, cello (?) and flute. (MgB IV/3, p. 102; exh Bremen KH, 1971: Bildkunst im Zeitalter Johann Sebastian Bachs. cat. no. 243, p. 275)
[Weyhe Sc] Weyhe, Bernard Heinrich (1701-1782). Table Centerpiece (1763-66). Munich BNM. silver. Includes two players of coiled horns on the stairs at the opposite ends of the piece. In the center there is an ensemble of keyboard, violin and flute, with a conductor. Above there are two trumpet players at one end and a kettle drummer on the other. Purchased by Fürstbischof Friedrich Wilhelm von Westphalen, Hildesheim, 1763-66. (Die Weltkunst 51 [1981] 2404 [color reproduction of the section with the musicians, two of the glass goblets have been removed so the horn player on the left is more fully visible, the best reproduction so far]; Apollo 112 (1980) Oct ad p. 176 [color reproduction of the center section]; Apollo 114 [1981] 72 [useless reproduction of the entire centerpiece]; Alte und moderne Kunst 26/H.177 (1980) 52 [minuscule reproduction of the entire centerpiece]; Die Weltkunst 50 [1981] 2737 [useless reproduction of the entire centerpiece], 3541 [no better]; sold, Sotheby Parke Bernet, Geneva, 12.XI.1980)
[Zeisig Pa] Zeisig (Schenau), Johann Eleazar (1737/40-1806). Musicale. Paris art market (1980). Women sing and play a keyboard instrument. A black page brings in a plucked stringed instrument. (Die Weltkunst 50/12 (15. June 1980) front cover [fine color reproduction])
Music Lessons: [Chodowiecki Pr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). "Le chant," from Occupations des Dames, published in the Almanac généalogique pour l'an 1781. Berlin 1781, no. 9. etching. A young woman sings, accompanied by a man playing a harpsichord. (Hirth no. 3442; Kinsky p. 247; MgB IV/3, p. 124; MGG IV, col. 1923)
[Handmann Pa] Handmann, Emanuel (1718-1781). Music Lesson (1769). Basel OeK. A lady receives instruction, by candlelight, on a two-manual, rectangular keyboard instrument. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 48 [ok reproduction]; MgB IV/3, p. 129 [ok reproduction], considers it a fretted clavichord)
[J A de Peters Pa] Peters, Johann Anton de (1725-1795). Music Lesson. private collection. painted miniature. There are a boy and a girl at the keyboard and an admonishing music master. (Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 33 [1971] 273)
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [Pa Munich Theatermuseum] Anon., 18th century. A Performance of Haydn's L'Incontro improvviso, Esterháza, Theater, 1775. Munich, Theatermuseum. gouache, with the heads of the soloists in ivory. The orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (R. M. Haas Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931, R/1949. Taf. XV [color reproduction]; Komma. p. 193; M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 214 [tiny reproduction]; SalmenKatalog. p. 84 [fair reproduction]; Early Music 16 [1988] 21 [fair reproduction]; MGG V, Taf. 78)
[Greippel Pa] Greippel (Greipel), Johann Franz (1720-1798). A Performance of Gluck's Il parnasso confuso, Vienna, Schloss Schönbrunn, 24 January 1765. Vienna, Schloss Schönbrunn (?). The orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (D. Altenburg. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Trompete im Zeitalter der Clarinblaskunst [1500-1800]. Regensburg 1973 [Kölner Beiträge zur Musikforschung, 75] vol. III, Abb. 28 [fair reproduction], with location Schloss Schönbrunn; Salmen Katalog. p. 82 [fair reproduction], with location Hofburg)
Parties/Music Parties: [Freudenberg Dr] Freudenberg (Freudenberger), Sigmund (1745-1801). Three Figures in an Interior. Boston MFA. drawing. A young woman plays a harpsichord and a young man plays a violin. Another young man looks ardently at the young woman. (The Forsyth Wickes Collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Ed. J. H. Munger et al. Boston 1992, no. 61, p. 117 [small reproduction], as Lady and Gentleman Playing a Duet)
[Jannek Pa] Jannek, Franz Christoph (1703-1761). Party with Music and Dancing. Vienna art market (1982). Two couples dance. A woman plays a large rectangular keyboard instrument and men play violin, cello, lute and flute. (sale, Dorotheum, Vienna, 14-17, 20.IX.1982; Early Music 10 [1982] 533 [fair reproduction]; Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 2211 [minuscule, useless reproduction])
[Platzer Pa] Platzer, Johann Georg (1704-1761). Music Party. Nuremberg GNM Inv. no. 1329. Women sing and play harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side) and chitarrone. A man plays a cello and others conduct and hold a violin and a flute. There are also unplayed musical instruments. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 38, as ca. 1740; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 62; Salmen Katalog. p. 77 [useless reproduction, reversed]; Deutsche Kunst und Kultur im Germanischen Nationalmuseum. Nuremberg 1952, p. 179, 2/1960, p. 191, as ca. 1740; Early Music 9 [1981] 447 [poor reproduction])
[Platzer Pa] _______. Music Party. Innsbruck TLF. One or two women and a child sing, a woman plays a harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side) and men conduct, play a small cello and hold a flute. (Musica calendar 1986: 21 September - 4 October [fine color reproduction])
[Platzer Pa] _______. Musicale. Berlin art market (1928). Women sing and play a harpsichord. Men sing and play violin, cello, chitarrone and flute. A child plays a recorder. There are also unplayed musical instruments. (Leningrader sale, Lepke, Berlin, 1-7.XI.1928 [fair reproduction])
[Zeisig Dr] Zeisig (Schenau), Johann Eleazar (1737/40-1806). Musicale. Dresden Ksk. drawing. Two women sing and women play keyboard and harp. A man conducts. Not played: cello, cittern and tambourine. (exh Darmstadt, 1914: Deutsches Barock und Rokoko. Ed. G. Biermann. vol. II, Abb. 1002; MgB IV/3, p. 95)
[Zeisig Dr] _______. Music Party. Frankfurt am Main SKI. drawing. Figures sing (two) and play pianoforte (?) and flute. (Städelsches Kunstinstitut. Katalog der deutschen Zeichnungen: Alte Meister. Munich 1973. Supp. no. 1959, p. 295)
Other: Holzhalb, Johann Rudolf (1732-1806). The Musiksaal of the [Zurich] Kollegium after the Rebuilding of 1725 (1761). engraving. Includes a harpsichord. The engraving is both ugly and very unimportant. (MgB IV/2, p. 43)
Animals: [Po Meissen private collection] German (Meissen, modelled by Johann Joachim Kaendler [1706-1775]), 18th century. Faustina Bordoni Singing. private collection. porcelain figure group. She is accompanied by a fox playing a harpsichord. (Y. Hackenbroch. "A Meissen group identified in Judge Untermyer's Collection." Connoisseur 129 [1952] 64-65 et seq. This reproduced p. 63, with detail of the music [the aria "Ben che giusto," from Hasse's Antigono, act III] p. 64; Y. Hackenbroch. Meissen and other Continental Porcelain ... in the Irwin Untermyer Collection. Cambridge MA 1956. pl. 35, fig. 99 [color reproduction]) Another in Munich, Residenz. (H. Brunner. Die Kunstschätze der Munchner Residenz. Ed. A. Miller. Munich 1977. p. 230 [ok reproduction], as modelled by Kändler and Reinicke, after 1743)
Musicians (amateur and professional): [Pa art market] German, ca.1750. Two Musicians. Berlin art market (1935). One plays clavichord, the other, recorder. (Eisenmann sale, Lepke, Berlin, 19-20.VI.1935 [ok reproduction])
[Po Ludwigsburg Basel Kirschgartenmuseum] German (Ludwigsburg, modelled by Wilhelm Beyer [1725-1796]). A Woman at the Keyboard (Clavichord?). Basel, Kirschgartenmuseum (Coll. Drs. Emil and Erika Pauls). porcelain figure. (Apollo 104 [1976]489 [fair reproduction], as ca.1765-66)
[Po Ludwigsburg Stuttgart WLM] German (Ludwigsburg, modelled by Wilhelm Beyer). A Lady playing a Keyboard Instrument. Stuttgart WLM. porcelain figure. It is a small, rectangular insrument. (Early Music 11 [1983] 245 [ok reproduction], calls the instrument a spinet) Another in Dresden, Galerie. ([Dresden] Galerieblätter [1960] p. 30, as Johann Christian Wilhelm Beyer, 1765/66)
[Po Ludwigsburg no location] German (Ludwigsburg, modelled by Johann Christoph Haselmeyer [doc.1760-m.1804]?) A Gentleman and a Lady at the Keyboard. no location. porcelain figure group. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königsteim im Taunus 1968. p. 14, as 1760, Kavalier mit Dame am Spinett, no location)
[Po Vienna Vienna Museum für angewandte Kunst] Austrian (Vienna), 18th century. A Woman Playing a Clavichord. Vienna, Österreichisches Museum für angewandte Kunst. porcelain figure. It is a tiny instrument on a stand. (Alte und moderne Kunst 16/H.114 [1971] 31, as ca.1655-60) Another (private collection). (Salmen Katalog. p. 92)
[Baader-Chevillet Pr] Justus Chevillet (1729-1802) after Johann Michael Baader (1736-doc. to 1788). A Young Englishwoman playing a Square Piano. engraving. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. II, fig. 36)
[Chodowiecki Pr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). Music-making, from Occupations des Dames, published in the Almanac généalogique pour l'an 1781. Berlin 1781. etching. One of the two figures is a woman at the clavichord (?). (Hirth no. 3443; Kinsky p. 247)
Other: [Po Meissen private collection] German (Meissen, modelled by Johan Joachim Kaendler), 18th century. A Pair of Lovers. Munich, Residenz [Kl Mei 2]. porcelain figure group. She is playing a bentside spinet as he fondles her breast. (Die Weltkunst 55 [1985] 20 [ok color reproduction], this type from soon after 1741, this piece 1741-45; =? G. Hirth. Collection Georg Hirth. Munich 1898. vol. I, no. 36 [fair reproduction])
[Chodowiecki Dr] Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (1726-1801). Table of Musical Instruments, for Johann Bernhard Basedow's Des Elementarbuchs für die Jugend. Berlin art market (1918). drawing. Includes a clavichord. (sale, Henrici, Berlin, 29-10.V.1918)
[Esteve Pa] Esteve y Goya, Augustin (1753-p.1809). Portrait of the Marquesa de Ariza (1796). private collection. (M. S. Soria. Augustin Esteve y Goya. Valencia 1957. cat. no. 38, fig. 9; Vis. Coll. 376.Es81.6Ar}
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: [Goya Dr] Goya y Lucientes, Francisco (1746-1828). A Couple Making Music, from one of the "Sanlúcar Sketchbooks" (1797). Madrid Prado. drawing. A man sings and a woman plays piano or harpsichord. (Musica calendar 1970: 22 February - 7 March [fine reproduction])
[Tramullas Dr] Tramullas Roig, Manuel (1715-1791?). House Concert. Barcelona MAC. drawing. Musicians include men with two violins (one held), cello, flute and coiled horn. Women play harpsichord and sing. (Anales y Boletín de los Museos de Arte de Barcelona 15 [1962] fig. 66)
[BI Madrid n.d.] Anon. "Academia musical de los instrumentos, que explica Pablo Minguet en sus Tratados," title page of Pablo Minguet y Yrol, Reglas, y advertencias generales. Madrid n.d. [1752-54]. engraving. Various musicial instruments and musicians, including a man playing a large harpsichord. (F. Grunfeld. The Art and Times of the Guitar. London 1969. p. 159; Kinsky p. 240; MgB IV/3, p. 123; Early Music 9 [1981] 559; Early Music 6 [1978] 369 [detail]; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 32; MGG V, col. 1581; MGG IX, col. 351; Musica calendar 1975: 29 June - 12 July [fine reproduction])
Hearing (Five Senses): See also Portraits, Genre Portraits and Conversation Pieces
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Traversi Pa] Traversi, Gaspare (1725-1769). The Arts: Music. Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum. A woman plays a harpsichord (reversed) and men play cello (? seems large), flute, and wave a rolled-up music sheet. Caricatural. (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. fig. 32 [ok color reproduction]; exh Naples 1979-80: Civiltà del '700 a Napoli 1734-1799. no. 113b, p. 230)
[Pa Bologna Conservatorio G B Martini] Anon. Portrait of Gian Francesco de Majo (1732-1770). Bologna, Conservatorio G. B. Martini. He is composing at the keyboard. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 115)
[Pa Milan Museo Teatrale alla Scala] Italian (Bolognese), 18th century. Portrait of Teresa Lanti (?). Milan, Museo Teatrale alla Scala. She has one hand on a keyboard. (W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 43)
[Pa Verona Palazzo Orti] Italian, 18th century. Family Portrait. Verona, Palazzo Orti. Includes a woman seated at the harpsichord (not playing). (C. Jacini. Il viaggio del Po. Milan 1958. vol. VII, p. 146)
[Pa no location] Italian, 18th century. The Family of the Banker Perego. no location. Includes a partly visible keyboard instrument as part of the furnishings and a child's toy drum. (Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la Storia di Milano. Storia di Milano, XII: L'età dell reforme [1706-1796]. Milan 1959. p. 859 [poor reproduction], no location given)
[Pa no location] Italian, 18th century. Portrait of Domenico Cimarosa. no location. He is at a partly visible keyboard instrument. (H. C. R. Landon and J. J. Norwich. Five Centuries of Music in Venice. London 1991. p. 136 [small reproduction], no artist, no location)
[Batoni Pa] Batoni, Pompeo (1708-1787). Portrait of Princess Giacinta Orsini-Buoncompagni. London art market (1972). She leans against a one-manual harpsichord and holds a stage-prop lyre. (Apollo 96 [1972] November ad p. 30)
[Ceccarini Pa] Ceccarini, Sebastiano (1702-1783). The Five Senses: Allegorical Portrait of Five Roman Children (1748). Paris art market (1955). A boy, representing Hearing, plays a harpsichord. A charming picture. (M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 203 [fine color reproduction]; Connoisseur 135 [1955] 52)
[L Crespi Pa] Crespi, Luigi (ca.1709-1779). Portrait of a Musician. Stuttgart Staatsgalerie. oval. He is seated beside a keyboard (only a few keys visible) and holds a little music sheet. (exh Bologna, etc., 1990: Giuseppe Maria Crespi ... no. 124, p. 247 [ok color reproduction])
[DallaRosa Pa] DallaRosa, Saverio (1743/45-1821), attr. Mozart in Verona (January 1770). ex coll Alfred Cortot. He plays a keyboard instrument. (O. E. Deutsch. Mozart and his World in Contemporary Pictures. Kassel 1961. [Mozart NAsW Ser. X: Supplement. Werkgruppe 32] p. 11 [ok color reproduction]; A. Hutchings. Mozart, the Man, the Musician. New York 1976. color pl. 7 [ok color reproduction]. Notes previous attribution to Felice Cignaroli. Notes that Deutsch suggests that the music on the rack is the fragmentary allegro in G, K. 72a.)
[Fernandi Pa] Fernandi, Francesco (called Imperiali) (doc.1723-1737). Conversation Piece. private collection. oil sketch. Includes a woman playing a harpsichord, a man playing a cello (?) and another holding a recorder. unimp. (Arte Lombarda 3/2 [1953] 105; Vis. Coll. 372.F391.90[b])
[Giaquinto Pa] Giaquinto, Corrado (1703-1763). Portrait of Farinelli. Bologna, Museo Musicale. Includes a harpsichord. (M. d'Orsi. Corrado Giaquinto. Rome 1958. fig. 141; Early Music 12 [1984] August front cover [fine color reproduction]; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 14)
[Guardi Dr] Guardi, Francesco (1712-1793). A Lady at the Harpsichord. Paris Louvre. drawing. With a servant with a cup on a salver. (Old Master Drawings 6-7 [March 1933] 58)
[A Longhi Pa] Longhi, Alessandro (1733-1813). Portrait of a Lady. private collection. She has one hand on a partly visible keyboard. (R. Pallucchini. La pittura veneziana del settecento. Venice 1960. fig. 559; R. Levi Pistezky. Storia del costume in Italia, IV. Milan 1967. p. 89, as by Francesco Guardi, ca.1760-70)
[A Longhi Pa] _______. Portrait of a Lady. London art market (1946). She is beside a keyboard instrument (harpsichord?). There is also a mandore (?) under an oblong octave partbook in the lower left corner. (Burlington 88 [1946] 48 [poor reproduction])
[P Longhi Pa] Longhi, Pietro (1702-1785), [attr.]. Conversation Piece. private collection. Includes a harpsichord among the furnishings. Somewhat caricatural. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 220; T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi dal disegno alla pittura. Venice 1975. fig. 20)
[Loreti Pa] Loreti, David (m.p.1760?) A Pair of Portraits of Giuseppe and Luigi Rospigliosi. Rome, Palazzo Rospigliosi-Pallavicini. One holds a music book. The other is at a partly visible keyboard instrument. (Arte illustrata IV/37/38 [Jan.-Feb. 1971] 65 [color reproduction, in sitù])
[Somis Dr] Somis, Lorenzo Giovanni (1702-1775). The Somis Family Trio. London art market (1984). drawing. A woman plays a harpsichord (?) and men play violin (Giovanni Battista?) and cello (Lorenzo?). (Early Music 3 [1975] 81; Early Music 12 [1984] 401)
Chamber Music (on Terrace, in Garden): [Falciatore Pa] Falciatore, Filippo (doc.1728-1768). Party in a Garden. Detroit I of A. Includes men playing a bentside spinet and a violin. (exh Naples 1979-80: Civiltà del '700 a Napoli, 1734-1797. cat. no. 120b, vol. I, pl. X [fine color reproduction])
[Traversi Pa] Traversi, Gaspare (1725-1769). Party on a Terrace. private collection. A woman plays a harpsichord and a man sings/conducts. (G. Doria et al. Settecento napoletano. Turin 1962. pl. XXIII [fine reproduction]; exh Naples 1979-80: Civiltà del '700 a Napoli, 1734-1797. cat. no. 11, p. 225)
[Zugno Pa] Zugno, Francesco (1709-1787). Party on a Terrace. Florence art market (1969). A woman plays a harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side), men play violin and chitarrone, and a man and two children dance. There is a mandolin (?) on top of the harpsichord. (Arte illustrata 22-24 [Oct.-Dec. 1969] vol. II, p. 14)
House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals: See also Allegory, Music.
[Pa Venice Goldoni] Italian (lVenetian), first half, 18th century. House Concert. Venice, Casa Goldoni. Musicians around a table play harpsichord, four violins/violas, cello, double bass, two oboes and two 2-1/2 (?) circle coiled horns. The costume seems from the 1750's and 1760's. (H. C. R. Landon and J. J. Norwich. Five Centuries of Music in Venice. London 1991. p. 106 [minuscule, useless reproduction]; Early Music 17 [1989] February front cover [fine color reproduction, slightly cropped], 1 [small reproduction, not cropped])
[Pr Anon.] Italian, 18th century? "Musici, e Sonatori/Bon bon, là va ben ben ben," a panel of "Gioca de mestieri a chi va bene e a chi va male." engraved board game. A boy and a woman sing, a woman plays a rectangular keyboard instrument, and men play a violin and a cello. (C. Jacini. Il viaggio del Po. Milan 1964. vol. VIII, pl. opp. p. 410)
[Fabris Pa] Fabris, Pietro (doc.1756-1792), attr. An Interior in Naples, with Lord Fortrose (1744-1781) and his Friends. Edinburgh, Scottish National Portrait Gallery. Men play harpsichord, an octave spinet (resting on a chair), violin and viola. (Burlington 127 [1985] 568 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 20 [1992] 196 [color reproduction]. Suggests that the musicians are Leopold Mozart [harpsichord], Wolfgang Mozarg [octave spinet], Gaetano Pugnani [violin, at the right] and Sir William Hamilton, the British envoy at Naples [viola, at the left])
[Guardi Pa] Guardi, Francesco (1712-1793). Musicale. private collection. A woman sings, and men play a harpsichord and tune a cello. (L. Rossi Bortalotto. L'opera completa di Francesco Guardi. Milan 1974. no. 788)
[P Longhi Dr] Longhi, Pietro (1702-1785). Musicale. Birmingham, University, Barber Institute of Fine Arts. drawing. A woman plays a keyboard instrument as three men look on. (Catalogue of the Paintings, Drawins and Miniatures in the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham. Cambridge 1952. p. 165 [ok reproduction]; Apollo 110 [1979] 214; Early Music 1 [1973] 94 [ok reproduction]; Old Master Drawings 6-7 [March 1933] 61 [ok reproduction])
[P Longhi Pa] _______. The Bird Cage. San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor. Men play harpsichord and violin. There is an unplayed cello (?). All this for the benefit of a very prim young lady. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 54, as La Lezione di musica; 1960 Handbook. p. 22 [poor reproduction]; exh Fort Worth TX, Art Center, 1954: Inaugural Exhibit. no. 54 [useless reproduction])
[P Longhi Pa] _______, attr. Musicale. Venice, Civici Musei di Venezia, Casa Goldoni. A rather theatrical scene, including a woman at the keyboard (one hand on the keys, one on the music) and a man holding an oboe (?). (Tibia 20/4 [1995] front cover and Beilage [fine color reproduction])
[P Longhi Pa] _______, [attr.]. Musicale. private collection. A woman plays a harpsichord (of sorts, bentside on the wrong side, among othe problems) and a man sings. Not a first-class painting. A copy? (Robert Scholz-Forni. Aus der Sammlung Robert Scholz-Forni. Hamburg 1937. no. 40)
[P Longhi Pa] _______. The Dancer Binetti. private collection. An oogling cleric plays a harpsichord and a woman sings. The title refers to a painting on the wall. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 288)
[P Longhi Pa] _______. Musicale ("Pupille amabile"). London art market (1965). A man plays a harpsichord and another man may sing. (Lesure pl. 28 [English], 30 [German]. Notes that the music on the harpsichord rack begins "Pupille amabile," and suggests Cimarosa as a possible composer; T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 192; exh Hallsborough Gallery, London, 12 May-23 July 1965; Connoisseur 159 [1965] June ad p. xxi [fine color reproduction])
[Master of the Reflections Pa] Master of the Reflections (Venetian, 18th century). Musicale. private collection. A man and a woman sing and a man plays a spinet. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 466)
[Traversi Pa] Traversi, Gaspare (1725-1769). Musicale/The Music Lesson. Naples, Museo di Capodimonte. Incudes a woman singing and men playing a keyboard instrument and a flute. Caricatural. (G. Doria et al. Settecento Napoletano. Turin 1962. Tav. XXXI; B. Molajoli. Il Museo di Capodimonte. Cava dei Tirreni 1961. illus to no. LXVI, pl. XLVI [color detail with keyboard and flute]; TCI. Napoli e il suo golfo. Milan 1961. [Attraverso l'Italia. N.S.] p. 136)
[Traversi Pa] _______. Musicale. Rouen MBA. Includes a woman at the keyboard. (1966 catalog. no. 234 [poor reproduction])
[Traversi Pa] _______. Musicale. private collection. Includes a woman playing a small, rectangular keyboard instrument and men singing (?) and conducting. (exh Portland OR, Art Museum, 1956: Paintings from the Collection of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. ... cat. no. 50 [ok reproduction])
[Valeta Pa] Valeta, N. (18th century). "Cantu solata labores." Madrid, Academia de San Fernando. Two women sing, accompanied by figures playing harpsichord, two violins, cello and oboe (and more?). (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 91 [April 1978] La chronique des arts no. 1311, p. 25 [small reproduction]. Notes reproduction in J. Urrea Fernandez. La pintura italiana del siglo XVIII en España. Valladolid 1977.)
[Zocchi Dr] Zocchi, Giuseppe (1711-1767). House Concert. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. Performers are a female singer accompanied by harpsichord, four treble bowed strings, double bass and two coiled horns (bells up). (Brüchle and Janetzky 1976. p. 127 [small reproduction]; Musica calendar 1975: January 12-25 [fine color reproduction]; Dufourcq La Musique. vol.I, p. 246 [minuscule reproduction]; Early Music 20 [1992] 263, as ca.1750)
[Zocchi Dr] _______. Rehearsal. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. A female singer seems to consult with the harpsichordist. There are also players of violin, double bass and two coiled horns (bells up, players hold the horn with one hand and the music with the other, standing). Undetailed drawing but lots of atmosphere. (Brüchle and Janetzky 1976, p. 127 [small reproduction]; Dufourcq La Musique. vol I, p. 246 [minuscule reproduction]; Pincherle p. 127 [ok reproduction]; L. Parigi. I disegni musicali del gabinetto degli "Uffizi." Florence 1951. before p. 193)
[Zocchi Dr] _______. Concert. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. A double bass player stands front and center, almost as though playing a concerto. A female singer stands by the harpsichord, and there are three (?) players of treble bowed stringed instruments and two players of coiled horns (bells up). (Dufourcq La Musique. vol. I p. 246 [minuscule reproduction]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. tav. 192 [ok reproduction])
[Zocchi Dr] _______. House Concert. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. A man conducts, three women and two men sing, accompanied by a harpsichordist. There is an unplayed double bass. (Dufourcq La Musique. vol. I, p. 246 [minuscule reproduction])
Music Lessons: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, House Concerts/Chamber Music/Rehearsals.
[Pa private collection] Venetian, 18th century. Music Lesson. private collection. drawing. Includes a woman playing a harpsichord. (H. C. R. Landon and J. J. Norwich. Five Centuries of Music in Venice. London 1991. p. 121 [small reproduction])
[P Longhi Pa] Longhi, Pietro (1702-1785). The Music Lesson. Baltimore WAG. A pretty young woman at a rectangular (? -- seems almost trapezoidal) keyboard instrument (perhaps a pentagonal spinet) holds hands with an elderly music master. (Arte illustrata 5 [1972] 34)
[P Longhi Pa] _______. The Singing Lesson. private collecion. A woman sings accompanied by a man at a keyboard instrument (pentagonal spinet?). Another man listens, appraisingly. (H. C. R. Landon and J. J. Norwich. Five Centuries of Music in Venice. London 1991. p. 120 [fair reproduction]; T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 280)
[P Longhi Pa] _______. The Music Lesson. location unknown. A woman at the keyboard seems to be coached by an elderly man. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig.198a; =? Vis. Coll. 372.L861.90[m])
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [CI Milan 1750] Marc'Antonio dal Re (1697-1766). Violante Vestri as Apamia in Giuseppe Carcani's Tigrane, Milan, February 1750. engraving. The orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (Haas Aufführungspraxis. Taf. XIV)
[CI Naples 1747] Giuseppe Vasi (1710-1782) after Vincenzo dal Rè (doc. 1737-m.1762). A Performance of Giuseppe di Majo's Serenata Il sogno di Olimpia in the Theater in the Palazzo Reale, Naples, 6 November 1747, from Narrazione delle solenni reali feste fatte per celebrare in Napoli ... la nascita di ... Filippo Principe delle Due Sicilie. Naples 1748. engraving. The orchestra includes two harpsichordists, facing each other from opposite ends of the orchestra pit. (Bowles Musical Ensembles, fig. 235, 235 a [detail]; Kinsky p. 203 [small reproduction]; Komma p. 153 [small reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 13, p. 27 [small reproduction]; MGG vol. 8, Taf. 81, as Il sogno di Scipione)
[CI Vienna 1758] Bellotto, Bernardo (called Canaletto) (1720-1780). "Le Turc Genereux/Ballet Pantomime executé à Vienne sur le Teatre près de la Cour le 26.Avril.1758" (1759). Scene from Hilverding's revival of "Le Turc Généreux," from Rameau's Les Indes galantes at the Hoftheater, Vienna, 1758. The orchestra includes a harpsichordist. (Komma p. 188 [poor reproduction]; S. Kozakiewicz. Bernardo Bellotto Recklinghausen 1972. cat. 287; G. Lippold. Bernardo Bellotto gen. Canaletto. Leipzig 1963. pl. 54 [best reproduction so far]; Salmen Österreich. p. 83 [poor reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 5, p. 200 [fuzzy reproduction]; Albertina Studien 1 [1963] 50 [fair reproduction]; Burlington 94 [1952] June ad p. ix [small reproduction])
Musicians (Amateur and Professional: [P Longhi Pa] Longhi, Pietro (1702-1785). A Woman at the Harpsichord. Venice, Museo Correr. drawing. Sketch. very unimp. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 391)
[P Longhi Pa] _______. Two Figures in an Interior. private collection. A woman seated at a keyboard instrument and a man in carnival costume. (T. Pignatti. Pietro Longhi ... London 1969. fig. 133)
[Traversi Pa] Traversi, Gaspare (1725-1769). Three Figures. London art market (1974). Includes a melancholy old woman playing a tiny keyboard instrument. (Burlington 104 [1962] December supplement: Notable Works pl. XVI; Burlington 116 [1974] June ad p. clxi)