Status of July 2004
PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
For the purposes of this iconography, however unfashionable it may be, the term "arch lute" is used generically for lutes with two heads, one surmounting the other; and the term "theorbo-lute" is used generically for lutes with two heads, one more or less at a right angle to the other.
Flight To Egypt: See also Scenes of Everyday Live -- Outdoor, Landscapes.
Herod, Feast of: [Dr Florence Uffizi] French, 17th century. The Feast of Herod. Florence Uffizi. drawing. Salome, seated at Herod's table, watching as the head is brought in, holds a lute. (L. Parigi. I disegni musicali del gabinetto degli 'Uffizi'. Florence 1951. opp. p. 96)
St. Cecilia: See also Allegory, Music/Poetry/Liberal arts.
[Pr Anon] French, 17th century. Announcement of the St. Cecilia Competition of the Confrérie of Evreux. engraving. St. Cecilia plays a chamber organ. There are several musical angels, including one playing a lute. (MGG III, cols. 1641-42 [poor reproduction])
[Perrier Pa] Perrier, Guillaume (ca.1600/10-1656). St. Cecilia. Lyon MBA. She plays a small organ. A prominent angel plays a lute. Two others sing. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 135 [March 2000] La Chronique des Arts no. 1574, p. 7 [small reproduction])
[Puget Pa] Puget, Pierre (1620-1694). St. Cecilia (1651). Marseilles MBA. The Saint sits at the spinet. A putto leans on a lute and holds aloft a cornett. (Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 93)
[Vuez Pa] Vuez, Arnould (1642-1719). St. Cecilia. Lille MBA. The saint is at the keyboard. Three child angels sing. There are a lute and a flute on the floor. unimp. (Mirimonde Sainte Cécile. pl. 111)
St. Francis: [Pa Rouen MBA] French, 17th century. Saint Francis Consoled by Angel Musicians. Rouen MBA. Angels play bass viol/double bass and lute. Putti sing. In poor condition. (Inventaire des collections publiques français. Rouen. Paris 1966. no. 151)
St. Mary Magdalene: [Thorin Pa] Thorin, Charles (1600-1635). Mary Magdalene Renouncing the Pleasures of the World (1631). Paris, St. Etienne-du-Mont. Includes an unplayed lute leaning against a chair and a music book on the chair. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 88; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 343, as French, 17th century)
Minerva: [Richer-Lombart Pr] Pierre Lombart (Lombard) (op.1648-1681) after L. Richer (fl. ca.1658). Minerva. engraving. Includes among her attributes a lute (back view) and a music book. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 3)
Muses (unidentified): [BI Paris 1637] Matheus, Jean (doc. ca.1619/20). Minerva and the Muses, from Ovid, Metamorphosis. Paris 1637. engraving. One of the Muses holds a lute. (M. von Platen, ed. Queen Christina of Sweden. Documents and Studies. Stockholm 1966. p. 340)
[BI Paris 1671] Anon. "Le Concert Royal des Muses," from the Almanach of 1671. Paris, la veuve Moncornet, 1671. engraving. The Muses (there are only seven) sing and play double bass, lute (back view), recorder and tambourine. unimp. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale, vol. 1, no. 63)
[Chauveau Pr] Chauveau, François (1613-1676). Apollo and the Muses on Mt. Helicon. engraving. One of the Muses plays a lute (scroll head). (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. 1, fig. 65)
[Dorigny Fr] Dorigny, Michel (1617-1665). Parnassus. ex Vincennes, Pavillon de la Reine (destroyed in World War II). Apollo plays a lyre, Muses play a French theorbo and a straight trumpet. (Master Drawings 19 [1981] 452-453)
[Vallari Pa] Vallari, Nicolas (doc.1646-1670). Parnassus, from the Pageant "Triumph of Joy," performed at the Coronation of Queen Christina of Sweden (1650). Borgå (Porvoo) (Finland). One or two of the Muses have lutes. (M. von Platen, ed. Queen Christina of Sweden. Documents and Studies. Stockholm 1966. p. 359)
Muses (Euterpe): [Le Pautre Pr] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). Poster for Lully, Les festes de l'Amour et de Bacchus (Paris, 4 December 1672). engraving. Euterpe is surrounded by partly visible musical instruments: violin, lute, French theorbo and perhaps a woodwind. (Early Music 15 [1987] 308)
Muses (Terpsichore): [Houve Fr] Houve, Salomon de la (Salomon de la Hiug) (ca.1610-1655). Muses. Stockholm, Ulvsunda, Music Room. ceiling fresco. Terpsichore plays a lute. (B. G. Soderberg. Uppland. II. Malmö 1967. [Slott och Herresäten i Sverige] pp. 246-47)
Geographical: [Le Brun-Rousselet Pr] Giles Rousselet (1610-1686) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). Europa, the second frontispiece of Loménie de Brienne, Itinerarium. Paris 1661. engraving. Includes unplayed musical instruments: violin, viol, lute. unimp. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 46 [small reproduction])
Harmony: [Bosse Dr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676) (after Eustache Le Sueur). "La Rhetorique des Dieux," title illustration for La Rhétorique des Dieux. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms 78C 12. drawing. An allegory of Music, Eloquence and Harmony. Harmony plays a lute and Music holds up a sheet of lute tablature. (D. J. Buch. "The coordination of text, illustration and music in a seventeenth-century lute manuscript: La Rhétorique des Dieux." Imago musicae 6 [1989] 39-81, this reproduced p. 55, as ca.1652; A. Tessier. La Rhétorique des Dieux et autre pièces de luth de Denis Gaultier. Paris 1931-32. [Publications de la Société Française de Musicologie, ser. 1, vols. 6-7] pl. not recorded. Le Sueur's drawing [Paris Louvre CdD] p. 11)
Modes: [Bosse Dr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). "Mode Dorien," from La Rhétorique des Dieux. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms 78C 12. drawing. Includes an unplayed lute (side view) and an unplayed French theorbo. (D. J. Buch. "The coordination of text, illustration and music in a seventeenth-century lute manuscript: La Rhétorique des Dieux." Imago musicae 6 [1989] 39-81, this reproduced p. 62, as ca.1652; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, p. 57; A. Tessier. La Rhétorique des Dieux et autre pièces de luth de Denis Gaultier. Paris 1931-32. [Publications de la Société Française de Musicologie, ser. 1, vols. 6-7] pl. 11; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 [1994] 19 [small reproduction])
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Sous Dorien." as above. Includes (unplayed) a lute (in deep perspective from the pegbox), a French theorbo and a chitarrone (? not completely visible). (Kinsky p. 136; Imago musicae 6 [1989] 62; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 177 [small reproduction]; Tessier pl. 15)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Phrygien." as above. Includes an unplayed lute. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 64; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 49; Tessier pl. 25; J. Hollander. The Untuning of the Sky ... Princeton 1961. unnumbered pl. after p. 242 [poor reproduction], as "The Warlike Phrygian Mode"; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 79 [1972] 133 [small reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 [1994] 18 [small reproduction])
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Sous Phrygien". as above. Includes an unplayed lute. (Imago musicale 6 [1989] 64; Tessier pl. 33)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Lydien." as above. Includes an unplayed lute. unimp. (Imago musicae6 [1989] 66; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 50; Tessier pl. 41)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Souslidien." as above. Includes a lute in deep perspective (head not visible). unimp. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 66; Haas Barock. p. 120; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 51; Tessier pl. 43; MGG IV, Taf. 60/1)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Myxolydien." as above. Includes an unplayed lute. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 67; Tessier pl. 49; J. Hollander. The Untuning of the Sky ... Princeton 1961. unnumbered pl. after p. 242 [poor reproduction], as "The Amorous Myxolydian Mode")
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Æolien." as above. Women with feathered hats play a keyboard instrument and a lute. A putto plucks at another lute. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 67; Tessier pl. 61)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Sous Æolien." as above. Includes young angels playing a bass viol, a lute and a French theorbo. Another tunes a very large lute. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 69; Tessier pl. 63; MGG VIII, col. 362)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Ionien." as above. Includes an unpayed lute (face down). unimp. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 71; Tessier pl. 67; Haas Barock. p. 121; MGG IV, Taf. 60/2)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Sous Ionien." as above. Includes a lute case. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 71; Tessier pl. 77)
Months/Zodiac (April/Taurus): [Ta Paris Mobilier National] French (Gobelins, cartoon by Charles LeBrun [1619-1690]) April/Taurus, with a View of the Chateau de Versailles. Paris, Mobilier National. tapestry. Includes a man playing a lute. Unplayed: a lute and a small family of oboes (treble, tenor and great bass). (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 99; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1964, p. 128 [poor detail]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 68 (1966) 269 [poor reproduction])
Months/Zodiac (May/Gemini): See also Allegory, Seasons (Spring).
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [BI Paris 1644] Bie, Jacques de (1581-ca.1640). "Musique," from Cesare Ripa, Iconologie. French translation by Jean Boudoin. Paris, M. Guillemot, 1644. no. CIV. engraving. The personification holds a book and a pen. Unplayed: bass bowed stringed instrument (silhouette, the text says viol) and lute. There are also silhouettes of two straight trumpet bells (the text says flutes [!]). (facsimile: New York 1976; Imago musicae 6 [1989] 56)
[Pr Anon.] French, ca. 1650. "L'enfant orne de toutes sciences et vertus." engraving. Includes a pile of musical instruments (tiny violin and bow, harp, lute and music book) on the ground opposite a pile of books and scientific instruments. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 84 [October 1974], La Chronique des Arts no. 1269, p. 39. Notes exh New York, New School Art Center: Three Centuries of French Satire [1614-1914])
[Blanchard Pa] Blanchard, Jacques (1600-1638). Christ, the Center of the Virtues and the Arts. Greenville SC, Bob Jones University. The personification of Music holds a lute. There is also a woodwind instrument. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 38)
[Boulanger Pa] Boulanger, Jean (1606-1660). Allegory of Music. Modena, Galleria Estense. The personification holds a cello or viol. There are several unplayed musical instruments, including a little lute. (exh Parma, 1960-61: Arte in Emilia. ed. A. Ghidiglia Quintavalle and A. C. Quintavalle. fig. 99)
[J B Corneille Dr] Corneille, Jean-Baptiste (1649-1695). Allegory of Music, with St. Cecilia. Paris Louvre CdD, inv. gen III.2314, cat. no. 25281. drawing. Numerous musical instruments, including a prominent angel playing a lute. unimp. (Mirimonde Sainte Cécile. pl. 93)
[Huret-Rousselet Pr] Giles Rousselet (1610-1686) after Grégoire Huret (1606-1670). "La Musique." engraving. A woman (feathers in her hair) clutches a lute and her skirt in her left hand and extends an open music book in her right. There is an unplayed violin on a table in the background. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. ol. I, no. 17)
[La Hire Pa] La Hire, Laurent (1606-1656). Allegory of Music (1648). New York Metropolitan (central panel); Dijon, Musée Magnin (the flanking panels with musical putti). The personification tunes a spectactular angelique. Unplayed: a few fat organ pipes, violin, lute and three woodwinds (three recorders of various sizes?). The putti sing and play a viol. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 235 [ok color reproduction]; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 2 [composite of the three parts]. Identifies [p. 22] the instrument as an angelique.; Pincherle p. 86 [ok color reproduction]; New York, Metropolitan Museum. A Catalogue of French Paintings, XV-XVIII Centuries. Ed. C. Sterling. Cambridge 1955. p. 88; G. Frings. "Ut musical pictura, Laurent de la Hyres Allegory of Music [1649] as a Mirror of Baroque Art and Music Theory." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 [1994] 13-28 [with details and composite], January front cover [fine detail]; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 176 [ok reporoduction], identifies [p. 178] the large lute as a theorbo)
[Mignard-Vermeulen Pr] Cornelis Vermeulen (ca.1644-ca.1708-09) after Pierre Mignard (1612-1695). Allegory of Music. engraving. Lots of music, including an unplayed lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXVI, no. 67, p. 29 [very small reproduction]; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 19, as inserted in d'Anglebert, Pièces de clavecin. Paris 1689.; van Dijck-Koopman. no. 122; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 98 [ok reproduction])
[Richer-Lombart Pr] Pierre Lombart (Lombard) (op.1648-1681) after L. Richer (fl. ca.1658). "Musick." engraving. The female personification, with extravagantly feathered hat and low-cut gown, plays a lute. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 4)
Sacraments: [Sauvé Pr] Sauvé, Jean (op. ca. 1660-1691). The Feast of Trimalchio/"Insulsam celebras insulse Trimalchio coenam." engraving. Musicians in a gallery play a number of musical instruments, inclding a lute. (Burlington 125 [1983] 485 [ok reproduction]. Notes is based on Poussin's representation of Penance, from two series of Sacraments.)
Seasons (Spring): [Lenfant Pr] Lenfant, Jean (ca.1615-1674), pubr. "Printemps, chaud et humide, domine le Sang [Sanguine]," from an allegorical calendar ("Miroir de l'Univers par Jean Gaudebout d'Abbeville"). engraving. The personification (?) is a man playing a lute. In the same illustration May is represented by a woman with a lute and a man milking a cow. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 112 [not good for details])
Senses (Hearing): See also Still Life.
[BI Paris 1644] Bie, Jacques de (1581-ca.1640). "L'Ouie," from Cesare Ripa, Iconologie. French translation by Jean Boudoin. Paris, M. Guillemot, 1644. part II, p. 49. engraving. The personification, a stag beside her, holds a bull's ear and supports a lute. (facsimile: New York 1976; S. Ferino-Pagden. Immagini del Sentire ... n. p. 1996. p. 35 [minuscule reproduction], with imprint of Paris 1636)
[Bosse Pr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. A man, a woman and a boy sing, a man plays a bass viol and a woman plays a lute. The original has a little rosette of eight (?) nails in the row of nails in front of the seat of the chair against the back wall at the far right. (Kinsky p. 175; Komma p. 137 [poor reproduction]; Pincherle p. 71 [ok reproduction]; M. Praz. An Illustrated History of Furnishing ... New York 1964. p. 121; MgB IV/2, p. 46 [small reproduction]; MgB IV/3, p. 47; MGG I, cols. 797-798 [fair reproduction]; MGG XII, Taf. 59/2; Early Music 6 [1978] 637 [fair, rather faint reproduction]; Musica calendar 1973: 11-24 November [ok reproduction]) Engraved copy by Abraham Aubry [m.p.1682] (exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. no. VIII.8. Reproduces all five of the engravings pp. 233-235 [ok reproductions]) Engraved copy (N. Villa. Le XVIIe siècle vu par Abraham Bosse, Graveur du Roy. Paris 1967. pl. 71). Engraved copy as the title-page vignette of J. E. Kindermann, Opitianischer Orpheus. Nuremberg, W. Endter, 1642. (MgB IV/3, p. 46; MGG VII, Taf. 36/1) Engraved partial copy (in reverse, with additional figures) by Louis Spirinx (1596-1669) (Hollstein [Dutch] XXVIII, no. 7, p. 9 [small reproduction]) Dutch copy (Sartori Enciclopedia. vol. I, Tav. 185) A painting (Franco-Flemish, 17th century) incorporating this group was in the Janssen Collection, Brussels [present location unknown]) (Early Music 7 [1979] 4)
[Humbelot Pr] Humbelot, Jean-Baptiste (1601/15-1678). Allegory of Hearing. engraving. A woman sings and a man plays a lute. There is a smaller (single-course?) lute lying on the table. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 41)
[Huret-Ciartres Pr] Ciartres (François Langlois) (1588/89-1647) after Grégoire Huret (1606-1670). The Five Senses. engraving. Includes a woman with a lute. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 40)
[Le Sueur Pa] Le Sueur, Eustache (1616-1655). Allegorical Group Portrait Representing the Five Senses. Paris Louvre. The figure representing Hearing plays a lute (unusual double "beards"). (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 128. Identifies the lute player as Denis Gaultier; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 31 [fair color reproduction, not exhibited]; P. Rosenberg et al. Musée du Louvre. Catalogue illustré des Peintures. Ecole française XVIe et XVIIIe siècles. Paris 1974. vol. I, no. 497, p. 232 [fair reproducton]; Art History 11 [1988] fig. 64 opp. p. 91; Vis. Coll. 375.L568.7L)
[Moncornet Pr] Moncornet, Balthasar (ca.1600-1668). Hearing. engraving. The female personification plays a lute. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 39)
[Moncornet Pr] _______. The Five Senses. engraving. Hearing is represented by a man playing a lute. (exh Münster, Baden-Baden, 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 94, p. 166)
Temperaments (Sanguine): See also Allegory, Seasons (Spring).
[BI Paris 1644] Bie, Jacques de (1581-ca.1640). "Le Sanguin," from Cesare Ripa, Iconologie. French translation by Jean Boudoin. Paris, M. Guillemot, 1644. part II, p. 52. engraving. The personification, a youth, plays a lute. The text (p. 54) notes that Le Sanguin "passe son temps à joüer du Luth." (facsimile: New York 1976)
[N & A Bonnart Pr] Bonnart, Nicolas (ca.1636-1718) and Robert (1652-1729 or later). "Le Sanguin." engraving. The personification plays a lute. (Lesure pl. 29 [English], 27 [German], as ca.1670; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 35)
Times of Day (Noon): [Le Brun-Humbelot Pr] Jean-Baptiste Humbelot (1601/15-1678) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). "Le Midi," from a Times of Day series. engraving. A woman (in an "Idle Woman" pose) has a lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 28 [small reproduction])
Vanitas: See also Saints, St. Mary Magdalene.
War and Peace: See also Portraits.
[Bernard Pr] Bernard, Samuel (1615-1687). "Le Retour de la Paix" (1649). etching. Includes a prominent lute (representing the arts) lying on the ground in the left foreground. (exh Boston MFA 1998: French Prints from the Age of the Musketeers. Ed. S. Welsh Reed. cat. no. 114, p. 214)
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Costume/Character Series.
[Dr Paris Louvre] French, 17th century. A Lady Playing a Lute. Paris Louvre CdD. drawing. (Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 214)
[Pa Geneva] French, 17th century. Portrait of a Lute Player. Geneva, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire. The lute is lying face down on a table, the neck resting on an oval box. He seems to be repairing it. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, pp. 242-243 [in page crease])
[Pa Hamburg KH] French, 17th century. Portrait of a Lute Player. Hamburg KH. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 236 [tiny reproduction]; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 104; Early Music 10 [1982] October front cover [fine color reproduction])
[Pa Saint Petersburg Hermitage] French, 17th century. Portrait of a Man with a Lute. Saint Petersburg Hermitage. The lute is on a table and he has his hand on it. unimp. (Musée de l'Ermitage. Peinture française des XVe-XVIIe siècles. n. p., 1973. pl. 74 [color reproduction])
[Pa location unknown] French, 17th century. Portrait. no location. There is a lute leaning against the table. Full-length portrait. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 243 [small reproduction], as "Nostradamus ou son fils.")
[Bernard Pr] Bernard, Samuel (1615-1687). Portrait of Nicolas Hautman (m.1663). engraving. He has his hand on the corpus of an unplayed lute (partly visible) lying on a table. very unimp. (Early Music 4 [1976] 413)
[C David Pr] David, Charles (1600-1636/38)). Portrait of François Langlois (called Ciartres) Playing a Lute. pub. Pierre I Mariette. engraving. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 102 [1983] 119 [small reproduction], as from the 1620's)
[Elle Pa] Elle, Louis (1612-1689). Portrait of Ninon de L'Enclos. London art market (1929). (Ford Sale, Christie's, London, 17.VI.1929)
[Fauchier Pa] Fauchier, Laurent (1643-1672), attr. Portrait of a Man Tuning a Lute. Paris Louvre, inv. 2472. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 287. Identifies the sitter as "Imbert, un greffier du Parlement d'Aix."; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 193, as "portrait présumé d'Imbert ..."; Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 213)
[Lallemand Pa] Lallemand (Lallemant), Philippe (1636-1716). Portrait of Charles Renault. Versailles, MN des Châteaux. Only the head of the lute is visible. (Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 214)
[Le Nain Pa] Le Nain Brothers (op. first half, 17th century), attr. Allegorical Family (?) Group. Denver Art Museum. A woman sings and men sing and play violin, lute and flute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 61 [1963] February, Chronique des arts no. 1129, p. 28 [minuscule reproduction])
[A Le Nain Pa] Le Nain, Antoine (ca.1600-1648) Family Portrait (1642). Paris Louvre. Includes a cheery man playing a lute. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, pp. 238-39 [reproduction across page crease]; C. Mauricheau-Beaupré. L'art au XVIIe siècle en France. Ière periode. 1594-1661. Paris 1946. no. 117 [ok reproduction]; exh Paris, Grand Palais, 1978/79: Les frères Le Nain. no. 41, p. 229, suggests a group of amateur musicians rather than a family; Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 224; Rijksmuseum Bulletin 19 [1971] 22)
[M Le Nain Pa] Le Nain, Matthieu (1607-1677). Allegorical Group Portrait. Paris Louvre. One of the men is putting a new string on his lute -- a characteristic action, no doubt, but one rarely protrayed. (W. Weisbach. Arte barocco .... Barcelona 1934. p. 367; exh Paris, Grand Palais, 1978-79: Les frères Le Nain. cat. no. 44, p. 26 [color reproduction], p. 239 [b & w reproduction]; H. Adhemar. "Proposition à propos d'un portrait de groupe [de 'Le Nain', 1649?]: 'L'accord interrompu' ou 'La rupture des accords de Rueil'." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 108 [1986] 215-219, this reproduced p. 215, with detail of the man with the lute p. 216. Suggests the painting is an allegory of the breaching of the treaty of Rueil-Saint-Germain in 1649; L. Kone ný. "Comment peint-on la Fronde?" Gazette des Beaux-Arts 120 [1992] 15-16. As by Mathieu Le Nain. Suggests that the painting "allegorically portrays the breach of the Rueil agreement on 11th March-1st April [1649] which put an end to the parliamentary insurrection called the 'Fronde parlementaire'."; Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 225 [small reproduction])
[Mignard Pa] Mignard, Pierre (1612-1695). A Woman with a Lute. (Rome art market 1932). unfinished oil sketch. unimp. (Simonetti sale, Tavazzi, Rome, 25.IV-6.V.1932)
[Reyn Pa] Reyn, Jean de (Jan van Rijn) (ca.1610-1678). Portrait of a Man Playing a Lute. Boston MFA. (exh Boston MFA, 1993-94: The Age of Rubens ... no. 61, p. 401 [fine color reproduction], as late 1630's or early 1640's, the sitter not Gaultier; Early Music 3 [1975] 352, as ca.1635, attr. Peeter Franchoijs [1606-1654]; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 16 [1967] 183, as Franco-Flemish, 17th century; Vis Coll. 374.1.D747.5G, as Gerard Douffet [1594-1660])
[F de Troy Pa] Troy, François de (1645-1730). Portrait of Charles Mouton (1626-p.1699). Paris Louvre. He plays a lute. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 294 [poor reproduction]; Kinsky p. 137 [poor reproduction]; Musée du Louvre. Catalogue illustré des peintures: Ecole française, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ed. P. Rosenberg et al. Paris 1974. no. 813, as by Jean François de Troy; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 209 [fair reproduction], as by F. de Troy; Revue du Louvre 15 [1965] 215, as by F. de Troy; Vis. Coll. 375.T757.5Mo) Engraved by Gerard Edelinck (1640?-1707). (Early Music3 [1975] 139 [small reproduction], 354 [better]; Gitarre & Laute I/1 [1979] 22)
[Baugin Pa] Baugin, Lubin (ca.1610-1663), attr. Still Life with Chessboard and Attributes of the Five Senses. Paris Louvre. Includes a small, single-course lute (Trichet's "mandore luthée"). (M. Laclotte. French Art from 1350-1850. New York 1965. p. 113; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. fig. 96; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 45 [small color reproduction]; MGG XIV, Taf. 83 [ok reproduction]; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 186 [cropped])
[Linard Pa] Linard, Jacques (ca.1600-1645). Still Life Representing the Five Senses (1627). Alger MBA (deposited from the Louvre). Hearing is represented by a music book, a lute (with an unusual double pegbox) and a soprano or exilent recorder. (exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 20 [small color reproduction], as an allegory of the Five Senses and the Four Elements; exh Rotterdam BvB, 1954: 4 Eeuwen Stilleven in Frankrijk. no. 7, pl. 5 and detail on the cover; Burlington 97 [1955] April ad p. vi, May ad p. xiv and June ad p. xxvi; Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 201 [ok reproduction])
[Renard Pa] Renard de Saint André, Simon (ca.1613-1677), attr. Still Life. Bourges, Musée Lallemant. Includes a pochette and a lute. (Musique-Images-Instruments 5 [2003] 176 [ok reproduction])
[Renard Pa] _______. Still Life with Negro Servant. Paris art market (1966). Includes a partly visible lute. unimp. (Revue du Louvre 16/2 [1966] unnumb. p.)
[BI Paris 1670] Jean Le Pautre (1618-1682) after [Gérard?] Jollain (doc.1660-m.1683). Title-page border of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières, Les pièces de clavecin. Paris, Jollain, 1670. engraving. Many musical instruments, including a partly visible lute. very unimp. (Fraenkel no. 112; Haas Barock. p. 194; Kinsky p. 192; Early Music 21 [1993] 191; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1966] 97 [poor reproduction])
[BI Paris 1677] Engraved by Pierre Baillon [op. last quarter, 17th century], perhaps after his own design. Passe-partout title-page border. engraving. Includes a trophy with guitar, lute, recorder and shawm. (Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996[ 101 [ok reproduction], for Nicolas Lebègue, Les pièces de clavessin. Paris 1677; MGG VIII, cols. 409-410 [poor reproduction], for Nicolas Lebègue, Second livre de clavesin. Paris 1687)
[Bosse Dr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). "Arbitre de L'Amour[,] de la Paix [et] de la Guerre," from La Rhétorique des Dieux. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms 78C 12. drawing. Includes a lute with wreaths of myrtle, olive and laurel. (D. J. Buch. "The coordination of text, illustration and music in a seventeenth-century lute manuscript: La Rhétorique des Dieux." Imago musicae 6 [1989] 39-81, this reproduced p. 54, as ca.1652, as "Le Luth triomphant"; J. Hollander. The Untuning of the Sky ... Princeton 1961. unnumbered pl. after p. 242 [poor reproduction], as "The Lute Exalted as Rhetorician"; A. Tessier. La Rhétorique des Dieux et autre pièces de luth de Denis Gaultier. Paris 1931-32. [Publications de la Société Française de Musicologie, ser. 1, vols. 6-7] pl. 3) Based on a design by Eustache Le Sueur (1616-1655). (Paris Louvre CdD) (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 58 [ok reproduction])
[Le Pautre] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). "Tombeau de Madame." engraving. Includes, in addition to lots of weeping putti with dangling torches, a little bas-de-page of musical instruments, including a theorbo-lute (?). unimp. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 23 [poor reproduction]; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 97 [poor reproduction])
[Le Pautre] _______. Musical Trophy, with Orpheus and the Animals. engraving. The trophy includes a viola, a harp, a lute, and miscellaneous winds. unimp. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 55)
Chamber Music (on terrace, in garden): [N Coypel Pa] Coypel, Noël (1628-1707). A Group of Musical Figures. Paris art market (1907). Women sing and play lute and flute. Men play two violins and bass viol. (Sedelmeyer sale, Ier vente. Paris 1907. no. 191)
Concerts: [CI Versailles 1674] Le Pautre, André. Concert of Music performed in the Jardin de Trianon during the celebrations of the return of Louis XIV from his second contest of the Franche-Comté, 4-9 July 1674, from André Felibien, Les divertissemens de Versailles ... Paris 1676. pl. 2. engraving. Includes two orchestras, including at least one lute. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 159 [not helpful for details])
Garden Parties: [Bosse Dr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). Garden Scene. private collection. drawing. Includes figures playing a violin and a lute. (exh Colnaghi's, London, May 1953: French Master Drawings of the XVI-XX Centuries. no. 155)
Harbor Scenes: [Claude Pa] Lorrain (Gellée), Claude (1600-1682). Seaport with the Villa Medici (Lib. ver. 28). Florence Uffizi. A man plays a 4-string colascione (?). There are two lutes and a guitar in a pile of baggage. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Paintings. New Haven 1961. no. LV 28, fig. 75 [poor reproduction], as 1638; M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 75; Vis. Coll. 375.C579.8Me)
[Claude Dr] _______. Harbor with Rising Sun. London BM. drawing. Includes a lute in a pile of luggage. (L. Mannocci. The Etchings of Claude Lorrain. New Haven 1988. p. 120; M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 85) Related to the etching Mannocci cat. 15 and to the painting in St. Petersburg.
[Claude Dr] _______. A Seaport (Lib. ver. 14). London BM. drawing. Includes a guitar and a lute in a pile of baggage. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 133, as 1637)
[Claude Dr] _______. Seaport with the Villa Medici (Lib. ver. 28) (1637). London BM. drawing. Includes a figure playing a colascione. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 184)
[Claude Dr] _______. A Seaport (Lib. ver. 43) (1639). London BM. drawing. Includes a lute among the baggage. Interesting how little it takes to indicate a lute. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 348)
[Claude Pa] _______. A Seaport (1639) (Lib. ver. 43). London NG. Includes a lute in a pile of luggage). (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Paintings. New Haven 1961. no. LV 43, fig. 106; M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 106)
[Claude Pa] _______. Seaport at Sunset (1639) (Lib. ver. 14). Paris Louvre. A man plays a 4-string colascione (?). There are a lute and a guitar lying about among the baggage. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Paintings. New Haven 1961. no. LV 14, fig. 93 [poor reproduction]; exh Washington NG 1982-83: Claude Lorrain. Ed. H. D. Russell. cat. P23, p. 133 [useless reproduction]; exh Washington NG, 1960-61: The Splendid Century: French Art 1600-1715). no. 79 [poor reproduction]; L. Boland. "La symbolique des ports chez Claude Lorrain: une révision." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 118 [1991] 221-230, this reproduced p. 223. Says nothing about the lutes.) The same as the painting in Alnwick, Coll. Duke of Northumberland, except that the flags fly to the left.
[Claude Pa] _______. Seaport at Sunrise (Lib. ver. 5). St. Petersburg Hermitage. Includes a lute in a pile of baggage. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Paintings. New Haven 1961. no. LV 5[1], fig. 32 [poor reproduction], as 1634. Notes [not illustrated] a repetition in Munich AP.; Hermitage. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Pictures. n.d. color pll. 59, 60 [fine color detail], as Seaport at Sunrise)
[Claude Pa] _______. Seaport at Sunset (1637) (Lib. ver. 14). Alnwick Castle (Northumberland), Coll. Duke of Northumberland. A figure plays a (4-string?) colascione. There are a lute and a guitar lying about among the baggage. Flags fly to the right. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Paintings. New Haven 1961. no. LV 14, fig. 51 [poor reproduction]; Burlington 92 [1950] 42 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 375.C579.8[HH]) This considered the original version of the painting in the Louvre.
[Claude Pr] _______. Seaport at Sunrise (1634). etching. Includes a lute in a pile of baggage. (L. Mannocci. The Etchings of Claude Lorrain. New Haven 1988. no. 15, pp. 113-119 [various states]; exh Washington NG 1982-83: Claude Lorrain. Ed. H. D. Russell. cat. E23, pp. 341-343 [various states]; Burlington 144 [2002] Nov. ad. p. [xi] [ok reproduction] Mannocci 15, fourth state of 8, before the addition of the date)
Landscapes: [Claude Dr] Lorrain (Gellée), Claude (1600-1682). Pastoral Landscape with the Flight to Egypt (1646). Haarlem Teyler. drawing. Includes shepherdesses playing a colascione (? -- botch) and holding a double woodwind instrument. unimp. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 612, as probably a preliminary drawing for Lib. ver. 104)
[Claude Dr] _______. Pastoral Landscape (Lib. ver. 7v). London BM. drawing. Includes a figure playing a colascione. (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 185) Lib. ver. 7v is a much clearer detail of the group around the colascione player of Lib. ver. 28 (M. Roethlisberger. Claude Lorrain: the Drawings. Berkeley 1968. fig. 184)
Operas/Ballets/Theatrical Scenes: [Versailles 1664] Silvestre, Israel (1621-1691). The Opening Divertissement, featuring Pan and Diana, from Les Plaisirs de l'isle enchantée, honoring Queen Anne of Austria and Queen Maria Teresa of Spain, Versailles, 7-13 May, 1664, from André Felibien, Les Plaisirs de l'isle enchantée ... Paris 1664. pl. 5. engraving. Numerous musicians, including a lute player. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 147, 147a [fair detail]; Haas Barock. Taf. IX [fair reproduction])
[CI Versailles 1674] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). Performance of Lully's Alceste in the Marble Court, Versailles, 1674. engraving. There is a double orchestra, with at least one lute player. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 158; Haas Barock. p. 218; A. Maire. Naissance de Versailles. Paris 1968. vol. II, pl. CLII; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 93 [1979] 28 [rather small reproduction])
[Berain Dr] Berain, Jean (1639?-1711). Annotated design for Act IV, scene iii of Carnaval et la Folle. Paris, Archives nationales. There is a little orchestra, including a lute player. There is also a statuary figure of a dancing comedian playing a tambourine. (Early Music 15 [1987] 437 [ok reproduction])
[Silvestre Dr] Silvestre, Israël (1621-1691). Ballet de la Princesse d'Elide. Paris, Archives nationales. drawing. The orchestra may include lutes. very unimp. (Early Music 14 [1982] 10-11 [ok reproduction])
Views: [Cotelle Pr] Cotelle, Jean (1645-1708). La Salle de Bal, Versailles. engraving. There is a little musical group with a lute player and, elsewhere, unplayed musical instruments, including a lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 120 [1996] 194 [small, useless reproduction])
Other: [Bosse Pa] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676), attr. Torchlight Serenade. Grosbois, Chateau. wall painting. Figures play bass viol, lute (both poorly depicted) and perhaps other musical instruments. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 234 [detail])
Balls: [Pr Anon] Anon. A Couple Performing a danse à deux at Versailles. engraving
The dancers have no visible accompaniment, but there are two statues of female figures playing a lute and a woodwind instrument. very unimp. (Early Music 14 [1986] 52; Early Music 26 [1998] 265)
Banquets: [CI St. Jean de Luz 1660] Anon. Banquet for the Wedding of Louis XIV with the Infanta of Spain at St. Jean de Luz, 1660. engraving. Musicians and singers in galleries left and right, playing two lutes in each group, one bowed, one plucked. Three of the players are left handed, one, right handed. (Lesure pl. 66b [English], 75. [German])
Chamber Music: [Pa art market] French, 17th century. Chamber Music/Music Lesson. Frankfurt am Main art market (1935). Includes a man with a violin pointing to music (music master), a woman with a guitar and a boy with a recorder. Not played: bass viol and lute. (Hahn sale, Frankfurt am Main, 20-30.X.1935) The catalog calls the guitar a lute, the recorder a flute, the viol a cello and the lute a mandolin.
Coronations: [CI Reims 1654] [Ganière, Jean de (doc.1638-m.1666)?]. The Anointing of Louis XIV, Reims, 1654. engraving. Musicians in galleries, including one or two lutes.
(Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 141, as by "Gagnière")
[CI Reims 1654] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). The Coronation of Louis XIV, Reims 1654. engraving. Musicians in a gallery include several lute players. (MGG IV, Taf. 7/2 [detail], as "le sacre de Louis XIV", 1655")
Inn Interiors: [Tassel Pa] Tassel, Jean (ca.1608-1667). Figures in an Inn. Kassel Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a woman (and perhaps a man) singing and a man playing a lute. unimp. (E. Herzog. Die Gemäldegalerie der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Kassel. Hanau 1969. pl. 93)
Operatic/Theatrical Scenes: [CI Versailles 1674] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). Performance of Molière's La Malade imaginaire in a specially built theatre in the Jardin de Trianon, Versailles 1674. engraving. The orchestra includes numerous lute players. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 160)
Other: [Bosse Pr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). Le Savetier. engraving. In an painting on the wall, a man sings and a woman plays a lute. (N. Villa. Le XVIIe siècle vu par Abraham Bosse, Graveur du Roy. Paris 1967. pl. 83)
[Bosse Pr] _______. L'Ordre du St. Esprit. Dispositions de la séance tenue à Fontainebleau à la création des Chevaliers. engraving. Includes musicians singing and playing a lute and an arch-lute (and at least one more musical instrument). (N. Villa. Le XVIIe siècle vu par Abraham Bosse, Graveur du Roy. Paris 1967. pl. 46 [very small reproduction])
Angels: See also Saints, St. Cecilia; Saints, St. Francis; Allegory, Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts.
[Boulanger Pr] Boulanger, Jean (1606-1660). Virgin and Child with Musical Angels. engraving. The angels play harp and lute. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 84)
[Champaigne Pa] Champaigne, Philippe de (1602-1674). Two Musical Angels (1628, for the palais du Luxembourg). Paris Louvre. They play harp (very poorly depicted) and lute (not great, either). (Musique-Images-Instruments 3 [1997] 190 [ok reproduction])
[Champaigne Pa] _______. God the Father Creating the Material Universe. Rouen MBA. Angels sing and play a lute. (B. Dorival. Phillipe de Champaigne .... Paris 1976. cat. and pl. no 4, as ca.1633; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. 1, fig. 83 [detail of the angel with the lute]; P. Malgouyres. Peintures françaises du XVIIe siècle. La collection du musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen. Paris 2000. no. 17, p. 27 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1633. Notes that the angel concert symbolizes the perfect harmony in thich the Creation took place.)
[N Mignard Pa] Mignard, Nicolas (1606-1668). Nativity (1657). Aix, église de la Madeleine. Angels play violin and lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 78 [1971] 34 [poor reproduction])
Comedians: [Lefebvre Pr] Lefebvre, François (doc.1631-in or before 1676). Decorative Bouquet, from Livre de Fleurs & de Feuilles ... Paris, Balthazar Moncornet, 1635. Includes a comedian playing a colascione ("Metzetin," from Callot's Balli di Sfessania). very unimp. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 107 [minuscule reproduction])
[Lefebvre Pr] _______. Decorative Bouquet, bending right. as above. Includes a tiny figure in the background playing a colascione (he resembles the background figre in Callot's "Cap. l'sgangarato. Cap: Cocodrillo," from Balli di Sfassania). (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 107 [minuscule reproduction])
Costume/Character Series: [Dr Anon] French, ca. 1640. Costume Design, from an album of designs for costumes and masks. Munich art market (1984). A man in antique costume plays a lute. (Die Weltkunst 54 [1984] 3781 [minuscule reproduction])
[N Bonnart Pr] Bonnart, Nicolas (ca.1636-1718). "Damon, jouant de l'Angelique." engraving. (Sartori Enciclopedia. vol. I, pl. 37 [fine reproduction]; The New Grove. vol. I, p. 424; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 149; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1998] 180)
[N Bonnart Pr] _______. "La Sérénade. Gentilhomme s'accompagnant sur un luth." engraving. He's a real dandy. (C. Mauricheau-Beaupré. L'art au XVIIème siècle en France. 2e periode 1661-1715. Paris 1947. p. 127)
[Bosse-Le Blon Pr] Michel Le Blon (1587-1656) after Abraham Bosse (1602-1676). A Man Tuning a Lute. engraving. A dashing fellow, splendidly dressed and booted. (N. Villa. Le XVIIe siècle vu par Abraham Bosse, Graveur du Roy. Paris 1967. pl. 70; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. p. 106 [not exhibited], as ca.1640. Notes it is one of a pair with a female singer.)
[Larmessin Pr] Larmessin, Nicolas de (the elder, ca.1640-1725?). Musicians, from a series of grotesque costumes. engraving. He holds a violin and a tromba marina, and is festooned all over with musical instruments, including a lute. (Pincherle p. 94 [ok reproduction])
[Le Pautre Pr] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). "Homme estans à la promenade." engraving. He is a dandy fellow playing a lute. There is a view of the Luxembourg Gardens. (Imago musicae 4 [1987] 138)
[St Igny Pr] St. Igny, Jean de (ca.1600-1649). "Vestement des pages de la maison du Roy ..." engraving. A fashionably dressed page plays a small lute. (Hirth no. 1804)
Musicians (amateur and professional): [H Bonnart Pr] Bonnart, Henri (1642-1711). "Le Trio." engraving. Outdoors, on a terrace, a young man plays a treble or tenor viol. Young women sing and play a lute. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 129, as H. Bonnart)
[N Bonnart Pr] Bonnart, Nicolas (ca.1637-1718). "Symphonie du tympanon." engraving. A young woman plays a hammered dulcimer and young men play lute =and flute. (Early Music 3 [1975] 8 [poor reproduction]; Imago musicae 4 [1987] 149) This is reproduced on an 18th-century blue Chinese porcelain plate ("Chine de commande", with chinese faces for the musicians (Utrecht art market [1965]) (Oude Kunst 17 [1965] stand 22)
[Daret-Le Brun Pr] Pierre Daret (ca.1604-1678) after Charles Le Brun(1619-1690). Frontispiece for "La Comedie des Tuileries,by Boisrobert et al. Paris, Courbé, 1635. engraving. Two figures in a garden scene. A woman plays a lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 44 [small reproduction])
[Le Nain Pa] Le Nain Brothers (op. first half, 17th century), attr. Musical Gathering. Leipzig, Musikinstrumentenmuseum der Universität. A woman plays a theorbo, and men play a pochette, a large bass viol (almost a contrabass) and a lute (French theorbo). Each has a partbook. The composition is very posed and stiff, almost like a group portrait. (MgB IV/3, p. 51, as ca. 1640, attr. Louis Le Nain)
[Le Nain Pa] Le Nain Brothers (op. first half, 17th century). Musical Group. private collection. A child sings, a woman holds a guitar, and men play lute and woodwind. Perhaps an allegory of the Ages of Man (the woodwind player is an old man). (exh Paris, Grand Palais, 1978/79: Les frères Le Nain. no. 61, pp. 268, 287 [unhelpful detail])
Putti: See also Saints, St. Cecilia.
[Le Brun-Macé Pr] Charles Macé (b.1631) (?) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). The King alone reigns/Le Roi gouverne par lui-même, detail of the ceiling of The Hall of Mirrors/La Galerie des Glaces, Château de Versailles (1661). etching. Putti below the throne, à la sacra conversazione, have a small, 1-1/2 circle horn (not played -- hung from a strap), a lute (left) and a tambourine (right). (R. W. Berger. Versailles, the Château of Louis XIV. University Park PA 1985. fig. 94 [whole], 95 [detail -- figures actually smaller than in the illustration for the whole]; P. Pradel. L'art au siècle de Louis XIV. Lausanne 1949. pl. 65)
[BI Paris 1636] Anon. Ten-Course Lute and Arch-Lute and its Tuning, from Marin Mersenne, Harmonie universelle. Paris 1636. vol. II, p. 46. engraving. (facsimile: Paris 1963; Harrison and Rimmer. fig. 123 (without the tuning) (calls the arch lute a "theorboed or double-necked lute"); Early Music 4 [1976] 416 [detail of archlute, which it calls an "arciliuto," and the tuning])
[Bi Paris 1636] _______. Six-Course Lute. p. 89. 5x21 strings, marked for tablature. (facsimile: Paris 1963; P. Gouk. Music, Science and Natural Magic ... New Haven 1999. p. 120 [unimportant context])