Status of October 2003
PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections of particularly troublesome errors -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry. A few late entries didn't make the index. Next time.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
For the purposes of this iconography, however unfashionable it may be, the term "arch lute" is used generically for lutes with two heads, one surmounting the other; and the term "theorbo-lute" is used generically for lutes with two heads, one more or less at a right angle to the other.
David and Musicians: [BI Amsterdam 1620] Anon. Nicolas Vallet in the Company of King David and the Musicians of the Temple. Title page of Vallet's book of Psalms, Regia Pietas/Pieté royalle. Amsterdam, the author, 1620. engraving. Vallet plays a lute. (exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 66 [not exhibited])
Jephthah: [E van de Velde Dr] Velde, Esaias van de (1587-1630). The Return of Jephthah (162-). London BM. drawing. One of the women in the daughter's retinue holds a lute. Others play a woodwind instrument (played with one hand) and a small frame drum. unimp. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. D 1, pl. 343 [ok reproduction], suggests date of 1629)
[Wyhen Pa] Wyhen, Jacques van der (ca.1588-p.1658). The Return of Jephthah. private collection. The Welcoming Women play bowed stringed instrument (?), lute, frame drum and triangle. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, pl. 583)
Other: [Baburen Dr] Baburen, Dirck (ca.1594/95-1624). Judith and Tamar. Amsterdam, Rpk. drawing. Tamar holds a lute. (exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw ... p. 109 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Grebber Pa] Grebber, Frans Pietersz de (1573-1649). Thanksgiving at the Dedication of the Temple. London art market (1923). In the balcony musicians play viola da braccio, lute, shawm?, two trombones and trumpet. (sale, Christie's, 17.XII.1923)
[Lastman Pa] Lastman, Pieter (1583-1633). David Playing the Harp in the Temple(1618). Braunschweig HAUM. Includes an unplayed lute. (Bernt II, pl. 664 [poor reproduction]; Kinsky p. 177 [detail -- small, rather fuzzy reproduction]; Komma p. 112 [detail, small but fairly clear]; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 3 [ok reproduction]; Imago musicae I [1984] 83; Vis. Coll. 374.L332.12D)
Parables -- Lazarus and the Rich Man: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Interiors.
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Banquets; Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians.
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Music Party on a Loggia/The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Paris art market (1974). At the right a man plays a violin and another holds a bass viol. At the table an amorous young man (the Prodigal?) plays a lute. (Burlington 116 [1974] December ad p. xlvi [poor reproduction])
[F Hals Pa] Hals, Frans (1580/85-1666), attr. The Prodigal Son among the Whores (?). ex Berlin KFM (destroyed). An outdoor banquet under drapery between trees. Includes dancers accompanied by musicians playing a lute and a woodwind instrument (?). The musicians are quite unimportant. (K. Goossens. David Vinckboons. Antwerp 1954. p. 93; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 157. Suggests the subject is perhaps Mankind before the Flood, or Mankind awaiting the Last Judgement; S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. I, p. 31 [ok reproduction]; vol. III [1972] fig. 66. Calls it Banquet in a Park and suggests it may or may not have moralizing content. Thinks it plausibly by Frans Hals.; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxx [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited] as ca.1610)
[Matham Pr] Matham, Jacob (1571-1631). The Prodigal Son Wasting his Inheritance, from a Prodigal Son series. engraving. In a spacious architectural setting, musicians hold a viol and play a lute. (IB vol. 4, no. 173, p. 158)
[Ryck-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Ryck. The Prodigal Son among the Whores. engraving. A rather androgynous figure plays a lute. (IB vol. 4. no. 196, p. 181; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 88)
[Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). The Parable of the Prodigal Son (1617). Kassel, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Musicians play violin, cello, orpharion (? -- partly visible), lute, and recorder. They are closely related to the musicians in his Truce of 1609 (Paris Louvre). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 26)
Parables -- Wise and Foolish Virgins: [Droochsloot Pa] Droochsloot, Joost (1586-1666). The Wise and Foolish Virgins (1616). London art market (1953). In the background a man with a lute serenades embracing and promenading couples. In the foreground one of the Foolish Virgins plays a cittern and there are a large cittern and a lute on the ground in the right foreground. (Burlington 95 [1953] July ad p. xii)
[Muller Pr] Muller, Jan Harmensz (1571-1628). The Wise and Foolish Virgins. engraving. One of the Foolish Virgins dances as another plays a chamber organ. Two play harp and lute. There is an unplayed cello (three strings, four pegs) beside the duo. (exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 172 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Musica calendar [1986] 2-15 November [lok reproduction])
Other: [Cornelis van Haarlem Pa] Cornelis van Haarlem (1562-1638). The Corruption of the World before the Flood (Matthew 24, 37). Douai, Musée de la Chartreuse. A man and a woman sing, and men play lute and cornett (?). The figures are half-naked. (1967 catalog [?], unnumbered p. [poor reproduction]; Revue du Louvre 14 [1964] 235 [poor reproduction], as 1619)
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] _______. Mankind before the Flood (1594). Stockholm NM. Three or four figures sing and a nude woman plays a lute (back view, lying on her tummy -- not easy). The ark is in the background. unimp for lute. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 154)
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] _______. Mankind before the Flood. Toulouse, Musée des Augustins. At least two women sing and men play double bass, violin and lute. The lute player is central. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 130 [fair reproduction])
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Circle Pa] _______, Circle of. Mankind before the Flood. The Hague, Mauritshuis. Includes figures playing violin/viola and lute. (Art Quarterly 35 [1972] 169 [useless reproduction], as mid-1590s)
[S Saverij Pr] Saverij (Savery), Salomon (1594-1665/70). Vision of the Son of Man. engraving. Christ seated amidst clouds appearing before the monarchs of the world. Includes a large group of musicians, one of whom plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXIV, no. 1, p. 6)
St. Cecilia: [Wolfort Pa] Wolfort, Artus (1581-1641). Landscape with St. Cecilia and Angels. Stockholm art market (1959). St. Cecilia plays a positive/chamber organ and an angel sings. There are an unplayed lute and pommer. (Mirimonde Sainte Cécile. pl. 81)
Apollo: [Wtewael Pa] Wtewael, Joachim Antonisz (1566-1638). The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. private collection. Apollo, at the banquet table, plays a small lute. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A 49, color pl. XV) Another version (Nancy MBA) (Lowenthal cat. A 50, pl. 71)
Apollo and Pan/Marsyas: [Lastman Pa] Lastman, Pieter (1583-1633). The Judgement of Midas. Norfolk VA, The Chrysler Museum of Art. Apollo plays a fancy viola and Pan holds panpipes. Not played: bass (?) viol, lute and perhaps more. (exh Sacramento, 1974: The Pre-Rembrandtists. no. 4)
[Lastman Workshop Pa] Lastman, Pieter (1583-1633), Workshop. The Judgement of Midas. Kassel, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Apollo has a viola da braccio. Not played: tenor viol, lute and cornett. (B. Schnackenburg. Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Gesamtkatalog. Mainz 1996. vol. 2, pl. 107 [fair reproduction])
Bacchanals: [Moeyaert Pa] Moeyaert, Claesz Cornelisz (ca.1590/91-1655), attr. Bacchanal. private collection. Includes a female (?) figure holding a lute (and perhaps a small "flute" glass), and a dancing satyr playing a flute. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1388)
Hercules: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
Muses (unidentified): [BI Amsterdam 1615] Joan Berwinckel (op. ca.1600) after David Vinckboons. Title page of Nicolas Vallet, Secretum Musarum ... Amsterdam, the composer, 1615. engraving. Includes two female figures (Muses) playing lute and flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] II, p. 37]
[Bloemaert Pa] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. The Hague, Mauritshuis. Includes a Muse (back view) playing a lute. unimp for lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 83 [February 1974] La chronique des arts no. 1261, p. 205)
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] Cornelisz van Haarlem, Cornelis (1562-1638). The Wedding of Peleas and Thetis (1593). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. Includes a Muse (back view) playing a lute, as several sing. unimp for lute. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz ... Amsterdam 1970. fig. 155; Frans Halsmuseum. ... Reproductions. Haarlem 1955, cat. no. 59, pl. 19; Frans Halsmuseum. ... Reproductions. Haarlem 1960. p. 17)
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] _______. The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (1597). London art market. Apollo plays a violin and Muses, scattered about, play a positive organ and a lute (nude, back view). unimp for lute. (Die Weltkunst 49 [1979] 2284)
[Goltzius Dr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). The Judgement of Midas. New York Morgan Library. drawing. Apollo plays a violin/viola. Pan holds a small shawm. Muses hold a lute (back view) and a shawm. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 103; exh Washington DC, etc., 1986-87: The Age of Bruegel ... no. 56, p. 159 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. p. 19 [small reproduction], with location Amsterdam RM) Engraved. (IB vol. 3, no. 140, p. 133; W. L. Strauss. Hendrick Goltzius, the Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York 1977. no. 285 [ok reproduction], as 1590; exh Washington DC, etc., 1986-87: The Age of Bruegel ... p. 160 [not exhibited]) Painted copy by Bartholomeus Spranger (Vienna KH?) (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 138)
[Goltzius Circle Dr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617), Circle of. Minerva and the Muses. Düsseldorf art market (1972?). drawing. Two of the Muses play lutes, one of them a small one. (C. G. Boerner, Düsseldorf, cat. no. 57 [1972?], no. 3)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (1564-1637). Minerva Visiting the Muses, from Metamorphose (1602). engraving. One of the Muses plays a lute. unimp. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 161, p. 340)
[Passe Pr] _______. The Age of Gold, from Metamorphose (1602). engraving. Muses play double bass (back view) and lute. unimp. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 118, p. 319)
[Vianen Me] Vianen, Paulus Willemsz van (1550-1613). Minerva and the Muses (1604). Amsterdam RM. metal plaque. One of the Muses plays a lute. (G. van den Osten and H. Vey. Painting and Sculpture in Germany and the Netherlands 1500-1600. Baltimore 1969. no. 292)
[Vianen Dr] _______. The Judgement of Midas. Paris Louvre CdD. drawing. Includes a Muse with a lute. (exh 1965: Le XVIe siècle européen. Dessins du Louvre. pl. XLVIII; Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 123)
[Vianen Dr] _______. Apollo, Minerva and the Muses. Vienna Albertina. drawing. One of the Muses plays a lute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 41)
[Wtewael Pa] Wtewael, Joachim Antonisz (1566-1638). The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Braunschweig HAUM. The Muses play small cello, harp, lute and flute. (Haak p. 172 [useless reproduction]; A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A-20, pl. VII [ok color reproduction], pl. 31; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 281 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig, 1986-87: Nieuw licht op de Gouden Eeuw ... p. 54 [not exhibited, useless reproduction], as 1602; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 151)
[Wtewael Pa] _______. Apollo and the Muses. ex Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Apollo has a lyre. Muses sing and play small bass viol, lute and flute. There is an unplayed harp. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A-3, pl. 1 [fair reproduction], as 1594; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 139 [poor reproduction])
[Wtewael Pa] _______. The Wedding of Cupid and Psyche. private collection. Muses play a little organ, viol (partly visible, back view), lute and flute. A faun holds panpipes. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A-30, pl. 43)
Muses (Terpsichore): [Goltzius Pr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Terpsichore, from a Nine Muses series. engraving. She plays a rather small lute and there is a harp at her feet. (Hollstein [Dutch] VIII, no. 148-156, p. 34 [poor reproduction]; IB vol. 3, no. 150, p. 143; W. L. Strauss. Hendrick Goltzius, the Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York 1977. no. 303, as perhaps representing the Sanguine Temperament)
Muses (Thalia): [Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (1564-1637). Thalia, from a Nine Muses series. engraving. She plays a lute. She is derived from the lute player in Johann (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Christoph Schwarz (ca.1545/48-1592/97) Allegory of Venereal Disease[cf. the section on German 16th- 17th-century lutes]. (exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. II.13, p. 195 [small reproduction])
Nymphs: [Wtewael Pa] Wtewael, Joachim Anthonisz (1566-1638). The Auplian Shepherd. Zürich art market (1999). Includes a nymph playing a lute. (sale, Galerie Koller, Zürich, 8-10.IX.1999; A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A-27, pl. 39)
Venus: [Bloemaert Pa] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). The Apple of Discord/The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (1638). The Hague, Mauritshuis. Venus holds a lute. (Bernt vol. I, pl. 120; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 272 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
Other: [Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] Cornelisz van Haarlem, Cornelis (1562-1638). Bacchus, Venus and Ceres. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Bacchus plays a lute. There is also a tiny violin (unplayed). (A. Pigler. Barockthemen. Budapest 1956. vol. II, p. 49 [fair reproduction])
[Goltzius-Saenredam Pr] Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Athena Leaning on her Shield. engraving. Among the attributes in the border: lute, bagpipe, flute, shawm (?), music book. (IB vol 4, no. 62, p. 378)
[CI The Hague 1616] Esaias van de Velde (1587-1630) after Willem Buytewech (1591/92-1624). The murder of the jeweller Jan van Wely (Welly) and the execution of the two murderers, 16 May 1616. etching. There is a lute on the wall of the room in which Wely is murdered. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. E2, pl. 127; E. Haverkamp Begemann. Willem Buytewech. Amsterdam, The Hague, 1959. cat. CP22, p. 191; D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. p. 170)
Ages of Man: [BI Middelburg 1625] Pieter de Jode (1572/73-1634) after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Title page of Jacob Cats, Houwelick ... Middelburg, Jan van de Venne, 1625. engraving. Includes an allegory of the Ages of Man. The figures for the age for Vrijster (Courting) are a promenading couple, the dashing young man holding a lute. The ages also follow the Seasons. This is early Spring, as they walk around a maze with leaves just beginning to appear. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 129 [ok reproduction]; M. Westermann. The Amusements of Jan Steen ... Zwolle 1997. p. 218 [small reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 316 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Haarlem, 1986: Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jong. p. 40; Oud-Holland 100 [1986] p. not recorded [small reproduction])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). De twintigjarige leeftijd/The Twentieth Year. engraving. A woman holds a (music?) book and gazes at a man who plays a (poorly depicted) cittern. There are a lute, a flute and a case of flutes on the ground. (exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak ... p. 24 [small reproduction])
Folly: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Parties/Music Parties.
Harmony: [BI Amsterdam 1613] Anon. "Eij hemel vreucht wat Ieucht ons t'hert/als t'soet accoort vereenicht wert," from Cupido's lusthof [a Liedboek]. Amsterdam 1613. engraving. An allegory of the harmony of man and wife. He plays a violin, she sings to her lute. (exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak ... p. 184 [not exhibited])
[Breen Pr] Breen, Gillis van (op. ca.1595-ca.1622). Lute Player and Singer. engraving. A woman sings and a man plays a lute (botched head). Discord flies away. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 53, p. 201 [small reproduction], as by C. van Breen; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 96 [ok reproduction, not exhibited], with translation of the Latin and Dutch text, p. 97: "When concord is nourished, in keeping with God's word and laws,/Discord must flee with the nets of deception.")
[Goltzius Pr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). A Pair of Portraits: Jacques de la Faille and his Wife, Josina Hamels. engraving. In the border of Jacques' portrait there is a drummer and a trophy with a trumpet. These are symbols of Mars. In the border of Josina's portrait there are two courtesans (real floozies) singing and playing a lute. These are symbols of Venus. Mars and Venus were the parents of Harmonia, and the iconography here probably symbolizes marital harmony. (exh Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum, 1986: Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. cat. no. 14, p. 109)
[Pr Kussens-Breen] Gillis (Claes) van Breen (b.1560) after Cornelis Ijsbrantsz Kussens (op.1597 - m.1618). A Musical Couple. engraving. Outdoors, on a terrace, a man plays a lute and a woman plays a violin. They look intently at one another. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 71, p. 203; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror no. 12, p. 95 [ok reproduction], as Gillis van Breen after Cornelis Ijsbrantsz Kussens, with English translation of the Latin and Dutch text: "Just as the slenderest string reverberates around the male string, and the melodious strings of the heavy-voiced lyre follow, so you, harmonious strings, must accord to the tone of marriage, in which as the consort accepts the commands of her lord."; exh Haarlem 1986: Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. p. 41, as Gillis van Breen after Cornelis Ysbranssen; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 55, p. 106, as by Gillis van Breen after Cornelis Ysbrandszoon Kussaeus; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 35, as emblematic of conjugal harmony)
Life and Death: [Feddes-Geilkercken Pr] Nicolas van Geilkercken (ca.1600-1657) after Pieter Feddes (Pieter Feddes van Harlingen) (1585/86-1623/34?). A Couple Seated Beside a Grape Arbor (1614). engraving. He plays a lute. Death lurks in the background. (Hollstein [Dutch] VII, no.17, p. 94; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 158 [small reproduction, not exhibited], with English translation of the caption)
[Goltzius-Anon. Pr] Anon. after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Death and a Couple Making Music. engraving. Death plays a small violin. The woman sings and the man plays a lute. (de Jongh-Luijtens Mirror. p. 158 [small reproduction, not exhibited], with English translation of the text; Kinsky p. 93; Muziek & Grafiek. p. 39)
Love and Sex: See also Emblems; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties/Picnics.
[Me Amsterdam RM] Dutch (Middelburg), late 16th century (probably 1595). Allegory of Pure and Impure Love. Amsterdam RM. silver drinking cup. Includes a woman playing a lute beside a fountain. She is derived from the lute player in Johann (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Christoph Schwarz (ca.1545/48-1592/97) Allegory of Venereal Disease [cf. the section on German 16th- 17th-century lutes]. (Nederlandse Rijksmusea 72 [1950] between pp. 22-23)
[Cornelis van Haarlem Pa] Cornelis van Haarlem, Cornelis (1562-1638). The Garden of Love (1596). Berlin, Jadgschloss Grünewald. A couple dances and women sing and play a lute (back view). unimp for lute. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz ... Amsterdam 1970. fig. 161; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxix [useless reproduction, not exhibited]; Art Quarterly 35 [1972] 168 [minuscule reproduction], as the Prodigal Son or Man before the Last Judgement; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 102)
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). The Procuress (1625). Utrecht CM. Includes a prostitute holding a lute. (Bernt II, pl. 542 [fair reproduction]; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1287 [ok reproduction]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 119 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. no. 66, p. 299 [ok reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak. p. 61 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; De verzamelingen van het Centraal Museum Utrecht. vol. 5: Schilderkunst tot 1580. Ed. L. M. Helmus. Utrecht 1999. p. 975 [minuscule reproduction, but with a huge bibliography])
[Honthorst Pa] _______, attr. Allegory of Spring. Munich art market (1997). A woman holds a lute. A man takes a rose from a basket of flowers offered by a winged youth (cupid?). (exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... no. 58, p. 311 [fine color reproduction], as Allegory of Spring; Die Weltkunst 61 [1991] 650 [minuscule reproduction], as The Flowers of Love, attr. Dirck van Baburen)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Venus and Amor. engraving. In the background, in a garden, a woman sings and men play lute and flute. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 78, p. 137)
[Passe Pr] _______. The Garden of Love, from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. A man (the "Idle Man") reclining next to a woman plays a lute. ( I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 22, p. 269, as Young People Amusing Themselves in a Spring Garden; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. 350 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Pittsburgh, Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. p. 45 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; Art Bulletin 64 [1982] 250 [small reproduction])
[Terbrugghen Pa] Terbrugghen, Hendrick (1588-1629). A Man Holding a Lute and a Woman with a Wine Glass. private collection. A bravo and a prostitute. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A11, pl. 67 [ok reproduction]; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1176 [ok reproduction]; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. IV.25, pp. 263 [ok color reproducton], 14 [fine detail, including the neck area of the lute]. Notes references to Taste, Hearing and Touch. Related to the Prodigal Son theme.; exh Rome 2000/01: Colori della musica ... p. 27 [not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig, 1986-87: Nieuw licht op de Gouden Eeuw ... no. 17, p. 121 [fine reproduction])
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Goltzius-Anon Pr] Anon., after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Ingenua nihil usquam praestantius arte. engraving. A woman with one foot on a cloud and one foot on a globe is surrounded by putti representing the Liberal Arts, including one playing a lute or a cittern. (IB vol. 3, no. 17, p. 299, as Art Represented by a Woman Reaching to the Heavens; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 52 [1989] 148, as Attainment in the Liberal Arts)
Planets (Luna): [Goltzius-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Luna. engraving. A rather Venus-like Luna/Diana accompanies (and more) a Moon-struck young man playing his lute. (IB vol. 4, no. 148, p. 136 [ok reproduction], as "Diana Aiding a Young Man Serenading his Mistress."; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 15, p. 64 [ok reproduction], as 1615; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 105, as 1615)
Planets (Venus): See also Allegory, Harmony.
Political: [Pa Amsterdam RM] Netherlands, early 17th century. Allegory of the Religious and Political Tolerance in the United Provinces (Holland, ca.1570). Amsterdam RM. William the Silent, the Pope, and Martin Luther (playing a lute) are seated together around a table. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 73 [February 1969] La chronique des arts no. 1201, p. 107 [small reproduction])
[Visscher Pr] Visscher, Claes Jansz (ca. 1587-1660?). Allegory of a Religious Quarrel: A Papist, Luther and Calvin at a Table. engraving. Martin Luther plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXVIII, no. F.M. hist. pl. 427, p. 237)
Seasons (Spring): See also Allegory, Ages of Man; Allegory, Love and Sex.
[Goltzius Dr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Spring, from a Four Seasons series. New York Metropolitan. drawing. Two figures in a garden: a woman singing and a man playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 374d.G589.4Se) Engraving attr. Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) (IB vol. 4, no. 119, p. 435 [ok reproduction]; exh Pittsburgh, Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. p. 17 [poor reproduction, not exhibited])
[Goltzius-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Spring, from a Four Seasons series. engraving. Includes in the background a woman singing and a man playing a lute. unimp. (IB vol. 4, no. 140, p. 130 [ok reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 135 [ok reproduction])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Ver Veneris," from a Four Seasons series. engraving. In the background a man with a lute accompanies dancers. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 136, p. 215)
[Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Spring Landscape, from a Four Seasons series?. Los Angeles Getty. There is an unplayed lute on the ground beside an embracing couple in the left foreground. There is a fountain figure blowing a horn. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 24 [color reproduction], as Summer Landscape with Ball Game, ca.1617)
[Venne Pa] _______. Spring, from a Four Seasons series. private collection. There is an orpharion on the ground in the foreground. In the middle ground musicians play violin (?), double bass and lute (?). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 16 [color reproduction])
Seasons (Summer): [Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Summer Landscape, from a Four Seasons series? Los Angeles Getty. Women, beneath a rustic arbor (rather like a bird blind), play virginal, cello, violin, cittern and lute (and more?). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 23 [color reproduction], as ca. 1617. The text [p. 24] refers to a flute player as well.)
[Venne Pa] _______. Summer Landscape, from a Four Seasons series? location unknown. In a boat in the center foreground a man and a woman sing and men play cello or viol (?) and lute. At the left there is a picnic with a lute player. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 25, as 1615-20)
Senses (Hearing): See also Still Life; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Architectural Fantasies; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Inn Interiors; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Interiors; Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians.
[BI Arnhem 1617] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Title page of Nieuwen ieucht Spieghel. Arnhem, Jan Janszoon the Elder, 1617. engraving. Hearing is represented by a young woman singing and a young man playing a lute. (I. Veldman. Crispijn de Passe and his Progeny ... Transl. M. Hoyle. Rotterdam 2001. p. 226)
[Bassen Pa] Bassen, Bartholomeus van (ca.1590-1652). Interior/Allegory of the Five Senses. Helsingør, Kronborg Slot. Figures play virginal and lute, and perhaps more. (Det Danske Kunstindustrimuseum. Virksomhed 1959/64. Copenhagen 1964. pl. 48 [detail])
[Duyster Pa] Duyster, Willem Cornelisz (1599-1635). Five Figures/Five Senses. Dublin NGI. Includes a woman playing a lute. There are a violin (partly visible) and a lute on a table. (B. Boydell. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 66 [fair reproduction])
[Goltzius Pr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Auditus/Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. A draped female figure walks along in a landscape, playing a lute. The lute is indifferently depicted, with a slightly concave head with a little scroll. (IB vol. 3, no. 119, p. 118, as ca.1578; W. L. Strauss. Hendrick Goltzius, the Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York 1977. no. 33)
[Goltzius-Clock Pr] Nicolaes (i.e. Claes Jansz) Clock (doc.1589-1602) after Hendrick Goltzius. Avditvs/Hearing, from a Five Senses series. The personification, dancing in a landscape, plays a lute-like instrument (slightly concave head, perhaps seven pegs, four strings, with a suggestion of a tailpiece). There is a trumpet on the ground behind her and a flute and a cornett under an open music book on the ground beside her. (IB vol. 3, no. 2, p. 359)
[Goltzius-Saenredam Pr] Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. A woman plays a clavichord and a man plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] VIII, nos. 380-384; IB vol. 4, no. 96, p. 412 [ok reproduction]; van Dijck-Koopman no. 43; Kinsky p. 96; S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. I, p. 78 [minuscule reproduction], as ca.1595; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 11, p. 61 [ok reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. p. 38 [not exhibited], as ca.1595; exh Braunschweig HAUM, 1978: Die Sprache der Bilder. no. 10g, p. 70, as ca.1595/96; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 328 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. no. III.10, p. 118) Drawing (Rotterdam BvB) (van Dijck-Koopman no. 42)
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Garden Party/Allegory of the Five Senses. private collection (on loan to the Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem [1976]). Five couples around a table, including a woman singing and a man playing a lute. (exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. no. 26, p. 122, as from the 1620s)
[Hondius Pr] Hondius, Hendrik I (1573-ca.1649). Auditus, from a series of five female portraits representing the Five Senses (1600). engraving. The personification plays (more or less) a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] IX, no. 15, p. 86 [poor reproduction])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Audiatur, Altera pars," from a Five Senses series. engraving. A woman plays a lute, and behind her a fool with bells on his cap holds a cat and makes a gesture siginfying "hearing." (exh Cremona 1996-97: Immagini del sentire ... Ed. S. Ferino-Pagden. no. VIII, 5b; Musica calendar 1984: 4-17 March [fine reproduction]; Gitarre & Laute I/1 [1979] 24)
[Passe Pr] _______. The Senses give Pleasure to Life, from The Essence of Human Existence. engraving. Hearing is represented by a woman playing a lute. (I. Veldman. Crispijn de Passe and his Progeny ... Transl. M. Hoyle. Rotterdam 2001. p. 128)
[W de Passe Pr] Passe, Willem de (1598-ca.1637). Auditus/Hearing. engraving. A woman plays a small lute and a man plays a violin. Amor clutches a cat. (Hollstein [Dutch] XVI, no. 32, p. 199; HaasAufführungspraxis. p. 133, as by Crispijn de Passe)
[Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). The Dance/Allegory of the Five Senses. location unknown (ex Six coll., Amsterdam). Five female figures. Hearing is represented by a woman playing a lute (back view). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 75 [ok reproduction])
[Vianen Dr] Vianen, Paulus Willemsz van (1550-1613). Hearing, from a Five Senses series? Braunschweig art market (1982). drawing. Two women and a boy sing and a man plays a viola da braccio (flat head). Includes among the unplayed musical instruments a lute (strings over the end of the soundboard). (Musica calendar 1984: 1-7 January [fine reproduction])
[P Vredeman de Vries-Hondius Pr] Hendrik I Hondius (1573-1650) after Paul Vredeman de Vries (1567-p.1630). "Dorica. 2. Auditus.," no. 2 of a series of the Five Architectural Orders and the Five Senses, from Hans Vredeman de Vries, Perspective; dat ist, die weitberuembte Kunst ... Leyden, Hendrik Hondius, 1605 [1604?]. This series is also issued as part of Samuel Marolois, Mathematicum opus absolutissimum. Amsterdam, Jan Janson, 1633, and elsewhere. engraving. On a terrace, in an architectural setting with a fountain and pergola, a man plays a lute and a woman sings. (J. C. M. Ballegeer. "Enkele voorbeelden van de invloed van Hans en Paulus Vredeman de Vries op de architectuurschilders in de Nederlande gedurende de XVIe en XVIIe eeuw." Gentse Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis en Oudheidkunde 20 [1967] 59 [minuscule reproduction]; exh Boston, MFA, 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 446 [not exhibited]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.V962.95[a]2, from Samuel Marolois, Opera mathematica ... Amsterdam 1625)
Temperaments (Sanguine): [Gheyn Pr] Gheyn, Jacques (Jacob II) de (1565-1629). The Sanguine Temperament,from a Four Temperaments series. engraving. A young dandy, seated beside a tree, sings and plays his lute. Unplayed: viola da braccio, flute, flute case, music book. (Hollstein [Dutch] VII, no. 125, p. 134; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 110b)
Times of Day (Evening): [Goltzius-Saenredam Pr] Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Vespera/Evening. engraving. Includes a partly visible lute player. unimp for lute. (IB vol. 4, no. 92, p. 408; Hirth no. 1444; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 7, p. 73 [ok reproduction], with English translation of the caption, p. 71; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 154 [small reproduction], as ca.1600; van Marle Iconographie. vol. I, p. 521; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 104; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. p. 27; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 156 [not exhibited]; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxix [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited], as by Jacob Matham after Karel van Mander) Engraving (after Goltzius-Saenredam) by Crispijn de Passe (ca.1565-1637), from Hortus voluptatum (1599). Here the lute player is fully visible. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 74 [not exhibited]; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 34)
Times of Day (Noon): [Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Meridies/Veneris," from a Times of Day series. engraving. A man and a woman sing and a man plays a lute. (S. Shesgreen. Hogarth and the Times-of-the-Day Tradition. Ithaca NY 1983. p. 76 [ok reproduction], with English translation of the text)
Vanitas: See also Allegory, Life and Death; Still Life; Portraits.
[Pa Sacramento Crocker] Dutch, early 17th century. Lute Player. Sacramento, E. B. Crocker AG. An allegorical genre portrait of a woman tuning her lute. There are soap bubbles. (Catalaogue of Collections. [Sacramento 1964], p. 61)
[Bloemaert Dr] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). Sleeping Infant in a Landscape/Vanitas. Berlin SMPK KsK. drawing. Includes a lute in a pile of objects, with mask, hourglass, rose, money sack, book and globe. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 117)
[Bramer Pa] Bramer, Leonard (1596-1674). Allegory of Vanity. Vienna KH. A man plays a lute. There are several unplayed musical instruments, including a lute. (P. Fischer. Music in Paintings of the Low Countries in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Amsterdam 1975. p. 66; Salmen Katalog. p. 62; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxiii [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. VI.1, p. 286 [color reproduction], p. 94 [fine b&w reproduction, larger, slightly cropped], as ca.1640-45; Vienna KH. Katalog der Gemälde. Holländische Meister des 15., 16., und 17. Jahrhunderts. Vienna 1972. pl. 40; Alte und moderne Kunst 9/74 [1964] 16 [ok reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 123; Vis. Coll. 374.B737.4V) Etching of the same subject (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 3, p. 182)
[Isaaksz Pa] Isaaksz, Pieter-Franz (1569-1625). Vanitas, with Venus and a Lute Player. Basel HM. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 126)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Vanitas vanitatum et omnia vanitas" (Ecclesiastes 12, 8). engraving. The objects include a lute and several woodwinds (possibly flute, recorder and cornett) beneath it. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 119)
[Passe Pr] _______. "Sic transit Gloria Mundi," from Deliciarum juvenilium libellus. engraving. On the ground, sliced in two by Time's scythe, there are a lute, a flute, and perhaps a music book. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 19, p. 268)
[Pot Pa] Pot, Hendrick (a.1585-1657). A Rich Young Woman with an Old Servant and a Dog, Surrounded by Symbols of Vanitas. Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum (loan from Dienst Verspreide Rijkscollecties). Includes a virginal on a table and a lute face down on a bench. There are also music books and a lute case. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 71; Haak p. 94; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... no. 52, p. 206; exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 271 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Catalogue de la collection de peintures du Baron Janssen à Bruxelles. Brussels, Paris, 1923, no. 93; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 121)
[Pot Pa] _______. The Painter in his Atelier Painting a Vanitas Still Life. The Hague, Museum Bredius. Among the items he is painting are a cello/double bass, violin, lute and recorder. (exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. I.30, p. 150 [fine color reproduction], as before 1640; exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. no. 34, pp. 269 [fine color reproduction], 59 [ok color reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 306; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. p. 458 [not exhibited])
[Pot Pa] _______. Vanitas. location unknown (1994). Includes a bass viol (with a broken string) leaning against a chair, a violin on a table, and a lute face down on a chair. (sale Neumeister, Munich, 19.V.1974, no. 841; exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 270 [not exhibited]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 127)
[Wabbe Pa] Wabbe (Waben), Jacobus (op.1602-m.1634). King Solomon and his Concubine/Allegory of Transience(1622). Hoorn, Wesfries Museum. Musicians in the background play lute and flute (and may sing). (Bernt pl. 1368; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak. no. 73, p. 276)
Vice/Virtue: [BI Leyden 1585] Coornhert, Dirck Volckertszoon (1522-1590)? "Prodigi," from Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, Recht Ghebruyck ende Misbruyck van tydlicke Have. Leyden, Christoffel Plantin, 1585. engraving. An allegory of squandering one's money, cast in the form of a depiction of the Prodigal Son throwing his money at prostitutes. A man holds a lute. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft... Berlin 1970. Abb. 31 [small reproduction])
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Allegory of Lust. London art market (1989). Two figures. A smiling man points to the viewer and a woman in a low-cut blouse, feathers in her hair, tenderly holds the corpus of an unplayed (and very prominent) lute. (exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 119 [small reproducton, not exhibited] Notes sale, Sotheby's, London?, 6.XII.1989, lot 99)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). The Choice of Hercules/"Qvo meverta nescio", from Gabriel Rollenhagen. Neucleus Emblematum selectissimorum ... Cologne, J. Janson, 1611; Arnhem, Jan Janszen, 1611. engraving. Includes an unplayed lute in the center foreground, the head toward Vice. (R. Paulson. Hogarth, vol. I. New Brunswick NJ 1991. fig. 103 [small reproduction], as pub. 1635) Also in George Wither, A Collection of Emblemes. London 1634. vol. I, Illus. XXII, with the motto "When Vice and Vertue Youth shall wooe, Tis hard to say, which way 'twill goe."
[Passe Pr] _______. Warning against Immoral Behavior, from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. A rather leering fellow walks along with a Venetian courtesan, playing a lute. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 28, p. 272)
[Passe Pr] Crispijn II de Passe (ca.1590 or later-1670) after Crispijn I de Passe. Admonition to Refrain from +Adultery. engraving. A companion to Praise of the Lawful Marriage. A couple personifying Adultery embraces, seated beside a tree. There are a lute, a flute and an open music book on the ground beside them. (I. Veldman. Crispijn de Passe and his Progeny ... Transl. M. Hoyle. Rotterdam 2001. p. 222, as by Crispijn de Passe the Younger; Simiolus 16 [1986] 118 [small reproduction], with English translation of the caption, p. 119, as Crispijn II de Passe after Crispijn I de Passe)
[Potter-Nolpe Pr] Pieter Nolpe (1613/14-1652/53) after Pieter Potter (1597-1652). The Choice of Hercules. engraving. At the feet of Voluptas there are a violin, a lute, a flute and a shawm (? only the bell visible). At the path of Voluptas there are two dancers and a drummer and, farther back dancers and a shawmist (?). (E. Panofsky. Hercules am Scheidewege. Berlin 1930. pl. 42)
[Ravesteyn Pa] Ravesteyn, Dirk de Quade van (doc.1589-1619). Allegorical Portrait of a Woman Playing a Flute. Vienna KH. On a table in the foreground there are a viola (and bow), a lute and a cornett. (J. Solum. The Early Flute. Oxford 1992. p. 12 [ok reproduction])
War and Peace: [Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] Cornelisz van Haarlem, Cornelis (1562-1638). Peace and the Arts/Allegorical Portrait of Jan Govertsen. Knole (N. T.). Includes a lute player. (Vis. Coll. C812.4P)
[Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Allegory of the Truce of 1609 (1616). Paris Louvre. Musicians play keyboard instrument, cello, violin, harp, lute, orpharion, curtal (?), recorder, ratchett and xylophone. There are two large frame drums among the military emblems. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 38 [color reproduction plus color details]; W. Braun. Die Musik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden 1981. [NHMW, 4] p. 54; Haak. p. 207; van Dijck-Koopman no. 73 [useless reproduction]; MgB IV/4, p. 155 [color reproduction]; exh Paris MAD 1967: La vie en Hollande au XVIIe siècle. cat. no. 307, cover [fine color detail of foreground objects and musicians] and pll. 90-91; Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 124 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 374.V565.Tr)
Other: [BI Middelburg 1623] Willem de Passe (1598-ca.1637) after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). "Zeeusche Mey-clacht ofte schyn-kycker," title-page illustration of van de Venne, De Zeeusche nachtegael. Middelburg, Jan van de Velde, 1623. engraving. A well dressed young man (Narcissus), with a lute beside him, looks at his reflection in the water. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 115 [fine reproduction], as by Pieter de Jode after van de Venne; de Jongh-Luijken Mirror. p. 30 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Baburen Pa] Baburen, Dirck van (ca.1594/95-1624). Unidentified Subject. private collection. Includes a woman with roses in her hair, playing a lute. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1045 [poor reproduction], as "unidentified subject [?offering to Ceres]")
[Cornelisz van Haarlem Pa] Cornelisz van Haarlem, Cornelis (1562-1638). Allegory (1623). Potsdam, Gemäldegalerie. Includes three women singing and a man playing a lute. (Art Quarterly 35 [1972] 170, as the Parable of the Prodigal Son, or Mankind before the Last Judgement) The label in the gallery describes it as an allegory of "Enthaltsamkeit" (Temperance/Moderation).
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Rich Children, Poor Parents. Oldenburg LM. A woman plays a virginal and a man plays a lute (back view). There is an unplayed cello. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 79 [fair reproduction]; exh Braunschweig HAUM, 1978: Die Sprache der Bilder. no. 13, p. 84 [ok reproduction])
[Honthorst Dr] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Allegory. Utrecht CM. drawing. Includes a woman with a lute. (Musica calendar 1970: 20 September-3 October [fine reproduction], as the Four Elements)
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Street Scenes.
[BI Amsterdam 1614] Visscher, Claes Jansz (ca. 1587-1660?). "Niet hoe veel, maer hoe eel," from Roemer Visscher, Sinnepoppen. Amsterdam 1614. engraving. A lute juxtaposed with a pile of musical instruments, including a reverse-curve horn, bagpipe, panpipes, recorder?, shawm?, trumpet and rommel pot. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIX, no. 448, p. 158; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 126 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[BI Amsterdam 1614] _______. "Wat ist anders als fray." as above. A woman sits alone in a landscape and plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIX, no. 550, p. 169 [ok reproduction]) Drawing for this (Amsterdam art market [1929]). (de Vries, Amsterdam, 1929 catalog, no. 317)
[BI Amsterdam 1622] Anon. Sweelinck, Jan, after Adriaen van de Venne. "Quid non sentit amor, from Jacob Cats, Silenus Alcibiadis. Amsterdam, Willem Jansz Blaeuw, 1622. engraving. Tune one lute, the other will respond. A man tunes his lute. There is another one lying on the table. (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 49, as Amsterdam 1664; Haak. p. 94, as from Cats, Sinne- en Minnebeelden. [edition not noted]; E. Closson, et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 187, as from Cats, Sinne- en minnebeelden [i.e. Alle de wercken ... van de Heer Jacob Cats]. Amsterdam-Utrecht 1700; Henkel and Schöne col. 1300-1301, as from Cats, Proteus ofte Minne-beelden Verandert in Sinne-beelden. Rotterdam, Pieter van Waesberge, 1627; Muziek & Grafiek no. 51, p. 104, as by Theodoor Matham after Adriaen Van der [sic] Venne, as from Cats,Proteus, ofte, Minnebeelden. Verandert en Sinne beelden. Rotterdam, P. van Waesberge, 1627; exh Boston, MFA, 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 363 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited], as from Cats, Silenus Alcibiadis, sive Proteus ... Sinne- en Minnebeelden. Rotterdam 1627; exh Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum, 1986. Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. p. 288 [not exhibited]; exh Amsterdam RM 1978: tot Lering en Gemaak. p. 106 [not exhibited], as from Cats, Sinne- en minnebeelden [i.e. Alle de wercken ... van de Heer Jacob Cats]. Amsterdam-Utrecht 1700; exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 41 [small reproduction, not exhibited], as from Cats, Sinne- en Minnebeelden [i.e. Silenus Alcibiadis]. Middelburg, Johann Hellenij, 1618; exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. p. 129, as from Cats, Proteus, ofte, Minnebeelden verandert en sinne-beelden. Middelburg 1618. no. XLII)
[BI Dordrecht 1635] Various hands after Adriaen van de Venne. Amor docet Musicam, from Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den Ouden ende Nieuwen Tijdt. Dordrecht, H. van Esch, 3/1635. engraving. Women sing and play a lute (singing?), and men play bass viol and panpipes (!). (E. Closson, et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 221, as from Wercken ... van Heer Jacob Cats. Amsterdam 1700; A. McN. Kettering. The Dutch Arcadia ... Montclair NJ 1983. fig. 141)
[BI Dordrecht 1635] _______. "O tinge o bruscia," as above. Includes a comedian playing a lute and a couple with a brazier. (exh Balltimore 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 115 [not exhibited[, with imprint The Hague 1632; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 178 [not exhibited])
[BI Middelburg 1618] Jan Sweelinck after Adriaen van de Venne. "Tale è la cagnuola, quale è la signora," from Jacob Cats, Silenus Alcibiadis, sive Proteus. Middelburg, Johann Hellenij, 1618. engraving. A street entertainer (female) plays a lute and her dog dances. (E. Closson et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 152, as "Telle la dame, tel son chien," from Cats, Wercken van den Heer Jacob Cats. Amsterdam-Utrecht 1700; E. den Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de 17 eeuw. n. p. 1967. p. 41, as from Cats, Spiegel Van den Ouden ende Nieuwen Tijdt. The Hague, Burchoorn, 1632; M. Praz. Studies in Seventeenth-Century Imagery. 2/Rome 1964. p. 87; Muziek & Grafiek no. 52, pp. 104, 42, as by Theodoor Matham after Adriaen van de Venne [?], from Cats, Spiegel: Van den Ouden en de Nieuvven Tijd ... 3/Dordrecht, Matthijs Havius, 1635)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (1564-1637). "Amor docet musicam," from Gabriel Rollenhagen, Nucleus emblematum. Cologne, J. Janson, 1611, Utrecht 1613. no. 70. engraving. Amor holds a lute. In the background a woman sings and men play lute and recorder (?). (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 48; Henkel and Schöne col. 1299; E. de Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de seventiende eeuw. n. p. 1967. p. 51; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. IV.1, p. 244 [small reproduction]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 312 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 126 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... p. 60 [not exhibited]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1979] 326)
See also Allegory, Senses (Hearing); Allegory, Vanitas; Allegory, Vice/Virtue; Allegory, War and Peace.
[Baburen Pa] Baburen, Dirck (ca.1590-p.1623). Bravo Singing and Playing a Lute (1622). Utrecht CM. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1047 [fair reproduction]; B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. pl. 108b; exh the Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. no. 1, p. 129 [fine color reproduction]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 259 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986/87: Nieuw licht op de Gouden Eeuw .... no. 36, p. 187 [fine reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Family Group. Mainz LM. A woman sings and men play a lute (wretchedly drawn) and small, fife-like flute. Not played: cello, violin, cittern, shawm (?) and cornett (?). A fine candidate for the worst-ever depiction of a lute. (C. Stukenbrock. Niederländische Gemälde des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts [Landesmuseum Mainz]. Mainz 1997. p. 209; Vis. Coll. 374.H162.70[a])
[F Hals Pa] Hals, Frans (1580/85-1666). Two Boys Singing. Kassel, Staatliche Museen, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe. One of them holds a lute. (C. Grimm. L'Opera completa di Frans Hals. Milan 1974. Tav. XV [color reproduction]; C. Grimm. Frans Hals. The Complete Work. New York 1990. cat. 38, p. 276 [minuscule reproduction]; Komma p. 136 [tiny reproduction]; S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. cat. no. 23, vol. II, pl. 44 [ok reproduction], as ca.1623-25; E. Herzog. Die Gemäldegalerie der staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Kassel. Hanau 1969. pl. 46, as ca.1625; B. Schnackenburg. Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Gesamtkatalog. Mainz 1996. pl. 100 [ok reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 184; Vis. Coll. 374.H164.90[cc]) Mezzotint by Wallerant Vaillant (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1972. vol III, fig. 10. Suggests that the mezzotint was perhaps not done after the Kassel painting but after a lost variant, because of changes in the costume of the boy with the lute.) Anonymous painting after Hals (London art market 1971) (C. Grimm. Frans Hals. The Complete Work. New York 1990. p. 61 [small reproduction])
[F Hals Pa] _______. The Merry Lute Player. London, Corporation of London, Mansion House (The Samuel Collection). He raises a wine glass and gingerly supports a small lute (resting on a table) with thumb and forefinger. (H. P. Baard. Frans Hals. New York 1981. p. 83 [ok color reproduction]; C. Grimm. Frans Hals. The Complete Work. New York 1990. cat. 33, pl. 86 [ok color reproduction], as ca.1626; S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. II, pl. 48, as ca.1625; M. Westermann. The Amusements of Jan Steen ... Zwolle 1997. p. 257 [small reproduction]; Burlington 105 [1963] April ad p. xxv [ok reproduction]; Burlington 130 [1988] 660 [small reproduction], notes exh London, Barbican Art Gallery, The Harold Samuel Collection,788 [better reproduction]; Connoisseur 153 [1963] May ad p. lxxviii [small reproduction], p. 189 [tiny reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.H164.90[pp]) Copy (ex Coll. Sir Edgar Vincent) (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1972. vol. III, fig. 11)
[F Hals Pa] _______, attr. Youth with a Lute, Holding a Wine Glass/The Finger-Nail Test. New York Metropolitan. He just cradles the lute. unimp. (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. cat. no. 24, vol. II, pl. 47, as ca.1623-25; Vis. Coll. H164.90[pp] [color reproduction from Parke-Bernet Gallery, New York])
[F Hals Pa] _______. Lute Player. Paris Louvre (ex Rothschild Coll.). (C. Grimm. Frans Hals. The Complete Work. New York 1990. cat. 24, pl. 77 [ok color reproduction], as 1625-26; S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. II, pl. 40, as ca.1620-23; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 352 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. no. 58, p. 269 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1624-26. Considers the costume the kind of fantasy-costume worn by rederijkers.; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 105 [March 1985] La chronique des arts no. 1394, p. 4 [small reproduction, notice of acquisition (in 1984)], as Le Bouffon au luth; Vis. Coll. 374.H164.90[h]) Copy (Amsterdam RM) (Kinsky p. 129; Slive vol. I, p. 86, with fine comparative detail of the right hand in both versions, p. 87; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... no. 39, p. 351 [fine color reproduction], as Circle of Frans Hals; Vis. Coll. 374.H164.90[h]C; 374.L596.90[f], as by Judith Leyster) Pen and wash drawing (1626) probably after the Amsterdam copy by David Bailly (Amsterdam RM Rpk) (Slive vol. I, p. 86; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 355 [not exhibited]). Bailly reproduces this drawing, now in oval format, in his Portrait of a Young Man with a Vanitas Still Life (1651) (Leyden, Stedelijk Museum "De Lakenhal" [acquired in 1968]) (I. Bergström. Dutch Still-Life Painting. London 1956. p. 159; Haak p. 128; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 131, p. 241 [fine color reproduction]; Burlington 109 [June 1956] "Notable Works" pl. XX [fine reproduction]; Connoisseur 170 [1969] ad p. [x]; Oud-Holland 93 [1979] 241; Pantheon 31 [1973] 61 [fine color reproduction]) Copy by Friedrich Wilhelm Wagner (1582/83-1666): Mainz LM (C. Stukenbrock. Niederländische Gemälde des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts [Landesmuseum Mainz]. Mainz 1997. p. 211)
[F Hals Pa] _______, attr. Tuning Lute Player. private collection. Lozenge shaped painting. Player wears a fur cap. unimp. (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1972. vol. III, fig. 141, as not by Hals)
[Honthorst Pa] A Woman Tuning a Lute (1624). Fontainebleau, Musée de Château (deposit from the Louvre). (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1270. Notes is part of the same decorative scheme as the group with two lute players in the Louvre.; Revue de Louvre10 [1960] 110 [ok reproduction]) Related painting after (?) Honthorst (Paris art market [1987]) (Imago musicae 4 [1987] 275 [dark reproduction])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. A Woman Tuning a Lute. Leipzig MbK. One of a pair, with a portrait of a youth playing a violin. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pll. 1245-46 [fair reproductions of the pair])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. A Woman Tuning a Lute. St. Petersburg Hermitage. The lute is partly visible. unimp. It is one of a pair (1624). The other is of a cavalier with a glass and a violin under his arm. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pll. 1277 [violin], 1278 [lute]; Revue du Louvre 10 [1960] 260)
[Keyser Pa] Keyser, Thomas de (1596/97-1667). Portrait of Constantijn Huygens and his Clerk (1627). London NG. Includes a theorbo lying face down on a table. (Haak p. 276 [fine color reproduction]; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 29; A. Staring. De Hollanders Thuis ... The Hague 1956. pl. I; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 80 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Art Bulletin 64 [1982] 274; Art Bulletin 73 [1991] p. not recorded -- near p. 162; Early Music 4 [1976] 415 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 374.K524.7H)
[Keyser Pa] _______. Double Portrait of a Man and his Wife. location unknown. Includes a lute on a table with music draped over it. (Art Bulletin 64 [1982] 261)
[Keyser Pa] _______. Double Portrait of Two Men. Lucerne art market (1959). In a sort of still life there are a 5-string cello and a lute. There is a small violin on the wall. unimp. (sale, Fischer, Lucerne, 16-22.VI.1959 [catalog reproduction ok])
[Keyser-Bailly Pa] _______ (portrait), and David Bailly (1584-1657) (still life). Portrait of David Bailly, with a Vanitas Still Life. location unknown. A lute hangs on the wall, next to a sword. (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. I, p. 131; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 305 [small reproduction, not exhibited], as 1627; Pantheon 31 [1973] 58)
[Moreelse Pa] Moreelse, Johan (m.1634), attr. A Woman Tuning a Lute. Jacksonville FL, Cummer Gallery of Art. (Catalogue of Paintings ... [Jacksonville 1961?] p. 45)
[Pot-D Hals Pa] Pot, Hendrick (a.1585-1657) and Dirck Hals. Portrait of a Family Group. New York art market (1990). Includes a theorbo-lute on a chair. (exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 268 [not exhibited])
[Terbrugghen Pa] Terbrugghen, Hendrick (1588-1629). Singing Man Playing a Lute (1624) . Bordeaux MBA. Back view. unimp. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A10, pl. 47b; Bordeaux MBA. L'or & l'ombre. Catalogue des peintures hollandais du dix-septième et du dix-huitième siècles. Ed. O. Le Bihan. Bordeaux 1990. no. 11, pl. IV [color reproduction]; exh Ghent MBA 1970: Chefs d'oeuvre du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux. no. 16; Burlington 98 [1956] 410, as autograph replica, ca.1624) Replica (Algiers MN des BA). (Nicolson cat. A1, pl. 45 [ok reproduction]. Nicolson considers this the original.; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1147 [fair reproduction]; J. Alazard. Cent chefs-d'oeuvre du Musée National des Beaux-Arts d'Alger. Paris [1951]. pl. 12; Bordeaux MBA. L'or & l'ombre. Catalogue des peintures hollandais du dix-septième et du dix-huitième siècles. Ed. O. Le Bihan. Bordeaux 1990. p. 72 [small reproduction]) Replica (private collection) (Nicolson cat. A57, pl. 46b). Another version (Davenport IA Museum of Art) (Bordeaux MBA. L'or & l'ombre. Catalogue des peintures hollandais du dix-septième et du dix-huitième siècles. Ed. O. Le Bihan. Bordeaux 1990. p. 72 [small reproduction]) Drawing (after, copied from the painting in Bordeaux?) (formerly Berlin,Staatliche Museen, Kupferstichkabinett) (Nicolson cat. A8, pl. 46a; Bordeaux MBA. L'or & l'ombre. Catalogue des peintures hollandais du dix-septième et du dix-huitième siècles. Ed. O. Le Bihan. Bordeaux 1990. p. 73 [small reproduction]; Burlington 98 [1956] 410) Engraving by Salomon Saverij. The engraving depicts the entire head of the lute, which is cropped in the paintings. (exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 126 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. Singing Man Playing a Lute (1624). London NG. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A26, pl. 44; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1146 [fair reproduction]; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer. New York 1972. pl. 26 [fine reproduction]; The National Gallery. Complete Illustrated Catalogue. Ed. C. Baker and T. Henry. London 1995. p. 78 [small color reproduction]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... cat. 42, p. 258 [fine color reproduction]; Lute Society of America Journal 12 [1979] 15, as an example of "thumb-over" technique) Replica (undated) (private collection) (Nicolson cat. A43, pl. 47a. Notes that it is difficult to tell which version was painted first; Burlington 97 [December 1955] Notable Works pl. XVII, as replica ["an undoubted original ... of very high quality"] of a painting (1624) in a private collection, Dublin; Kunst i privat Eje. Copenhagen 1945, vol. II, p. 276 [then in the Konow collection, Copenhagen])
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. Youth Playing a Lute. Stockholm NM. One of a pair, the other depicting a girl with a wine glass and "pipe" pitcher. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A62, pl. 69 [ok reproduction], as 1626, "basically by Terbrugghen". The companion painting is cat. A63, pl. 68. Considers them two of a Five Senses series; Vis. Coll. 374. T272.[90]k)
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. Man Playing a Lute. Stuttgart SG. He perhaps also sings. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A66, pl. 92, as probably 1629. Notes versions in San Francisco [de Young], Darmstadt [HLM]; B. Bushart. Meisterwerke der Stuttgarter Staatsgalerie. Honnef/Rhein [1956]. pl. 46 [ok reproduction]; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. I.8, p. 134 [fine color reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 353; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. no. 24, p. 145 [fine reproduction], as perhaps 1626)
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. A Woman Tuning a Lute. Vienna KH. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A74, pl. 42; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. I.51, p. 177 [ok color reproduction]; exh Cremona 1996-97: Immagini del sentire ... Ed. S. Ferino-Pagden. no. I.13, p. 75 [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.T272.90[K]) Autograph replica (ex coll. Benedict Nicolson, now in Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum?) (Nicolson cat. A41, pl. 43; Nicolson Caravaggism pl. 1148; Burlington 98 [1956] 111)
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______, attr. Man Playing a Lute. private collection. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. B78, pl.37A, as either an original or a copy)
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______, attr. A Woman Tuning a Lute. London art market (1960). She has a veil and a feather. very unimp. (van Aalst sale, Christie's, London, 1.IV.60 [ok reproduction])
[Terbrugghen Circle Pa] _______, Circle. A Woman Playing a Lute. London art market (1976). There is a book of lute tablature on the table. She resembles Terbrugghen'sWoman Playing an Orpharion (Hamburg KH). (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1189; exh London, Trafalgar Galleries, 1976: In the Light of Caravaggio. no. 8)
[Terbrugghen Follower Pa] _______, Follower. Man Playing a Lute. Kassel, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. E101, pl. 107a. Notes is also attr. Baburen; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1074 [poor reproduction])
[J van de Velde Pr] Velde, Jan van de (ca.1593-p.1641). Lute Player, from the series Spigel, ofte Toneel der ydelheyd ende ongebondenheyd onser eeuwe. engraving. unimp. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIV, no. 112, p. 64; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 127 [not exhibited])
[Pa Schloss Ehreshoven] Netherlands, first half, 17th century. Vanitas Still Life. Schloss Ehreshoven. Includes a violin, a lute and a recorder. unimp. (Die Denkmäler des Rheinlands, 18: Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 1. Düsseldorf 1972. fig. 257)
[Bailly Pa] Bailly, David (1584-1657). Vanitas Still Life. Ithaca NY, Cornell University. Includes a young negro holding a portrait miniature, a cittern, a lute and a small recorder (with a single little-finger hole on the right-hand side). (sale, Christie's, 19.VI.1953, as by Jan Davidsz de Heem; Connoisseur 147 (1961), June ad p. cxiii [fair reproduction])
[Claesz Pa] Claesz, Pieter (1597-1661). Vanitas Still Life/Allegory of the Five Senses. Paris Louvre. Includes: cello, violin, small (treble?) lute, recorder and cornett. (Pincherle p. 83 [fine color reproduction, slightly cropped at sides]; Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 180)
[Claesz Pa] _______. Vanitas Still Life. private collection. Includes: violin, lute, recorder or flute (partly visible). (Connoisseur 156 [1965] 5 [fair reproduction])
[Claesz Pa] _______. Vanitas Still Life. location unknown. Includes (all partly visible): violin and bow, lute and shawm. (exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 181 [not exhibited], as 16[5]5)
[Claesz Pa] _______. Vanitas Still Life (1635). London art market (1973). Includes (all partly visible): violin, lute (beneath a book), shawm/pommer (bell sound-hole, fontanelle), music sheet. (Burlington 115 [June 1973] Notable Works pl. XXIX [color reproduction])
[Claesz Pa] _______ (probably finished by Rembrandt). Vanitas Still Life. Amsterdam art market (1968). Includes a lute. unimp for lute. (Burlington 110 [June 1968] Notable Works pl. XXX)
[D Heem Pa] Heem, David de (1570-1632). Vanitas Still Life with Musical Instruments (1632). Budapest SM. Includes a violin, lute and trumpet (and more). (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 75 [January 1970] La chronique des arts no. 1212, p. 108)
[Valckert Dr] Valckert, Werner van den (ca.1585-doc. to 1627). "t Mis bruijck is quaet." The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek. drawing. Includes a lute. unimp. (Oud-Holland 97 [1983] 153 [small reproduction])
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Balls (and Dances).
[BI Dordrecht 1601] Sichem, Christoffel van (ca.1546-ca.1658). Passe-partout title- page border of the printer Jacob Canin. engraving. Includes a lute among the attributes of the arts and sciences (opposite a frame drum among the attributes of war). (Hollstein [Dutch] XXVII, no. 73, p. 25 [minuscule reproduction], from Jean-François Le Petit, La grande chronique ancienne et moderne ... Dordrecht, Jacob Canin, 1601)
[Goltzius Pr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Portrait of Dirck Volckertsz Coornheert. engraving. The border includes a bass viol, a cittern (?), a lute, and miscellaneous woodwinds and music books. Only the bass viol is fully visible. (IB vol. 3, no. 164, p. 154, as ca.1591; W. L. Strauss. Hendrick Goltzius, the Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York 1977. no. 287)
[Goltzius Pr] _______. Portrait of Jan van Heussen (?) at age 24 (1578). engraving. The border includes a woman playing a lute and a trophy with a lute. (IB vol. 3, no. 211, p. 183)
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Title plate of Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. Includes a garland of fruit opposite a garland of musical instruments, including a lute. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 20, p. 268)
NOTE: Many of the Scenes of Everyday Life are probably allegorical.
Architectural Fantasies: See also Allegory, Orders.
[Aerts Pa] Aerts, Hendrik (doc. 1602). Banquet in a Renaissance Palace (1602). Amsterdam RM. In the foreground there is a lute player, with a lute among the other instruments at his feet, Cupid/Amor beside him. In the background revellers, dancers and diners include a lute player. (F. Boucher. 20,000 Years of Fashion. New York n.d. p. 240 [cropped]; M. Dreessen. "Gefantaseerd renaissance paleis of liefdestuin ... " Antiek 22/9 [April 1988] pp. 484-488, this reproduced p. 484; R. van Oven. Het Huis aan de Kade [Rijksmuseum]. Amsterdam 1941. opp. p. 30; exh Antwerp KMSK 2002: Hans Vredeman de Vries und die Renaissance im Norden. p. 168 [color reproduction, not exhibited]; Gentse Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis en Oudheidkunde 20 [1967] 69 [minuscule reproduction])
[Aerts Pa] _______. Architectural Fantasy. location unknown. Includes a man in the left foreground, in the loggia, playing a lute. (Gentse Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis en Oudheidkunde 20 [1967] 69 [minuscule reproduction])
Carnival: [C de Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Arreptus fidibus"/Carnival Scene/Nocurnal Serenade, from Academia/sive speculum vitae scholasticae (1612). engraving. A trio playing virginal, violin and bass viol has set itself up beneath a lady's window. A lute player passes by. (E. Closson et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 96; van Dijck-Koopman no. 50; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 51, p. 284; Early Music 19 [1991] 455 [fair reproduction]; H. C. R. Landon and J. J. Norwich. Five Centuries of Music in Venice. London 1991. p. 72)
Garden Parties/Picnics: See also Allegory, Senses (Hearing).
[BI Amsterdam 1602] Vinckboons, David (1576-1629). Title-page of Den Nievwen Lvst-Hof. Amsterdam, Hans Mathysz, 1602. engraving. Women sing and play a virginal. Two men play lutes. (van Dijck-Koopman. no. 64)
[BI Amsterdam 1621] Anon. Frontispiece of Jan Janszoon Starter, Friesche Lust-hof. Amsterdam, Paulus van Ravesteyn for Dirck Pietersz Voscuyl, 1621, 3/ca.1624. etching. Includes a man playing a lute and a woman singing. There are also men playing violin and cello. (exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 69 [small but clear reproduction, not exhibited]; Early Music 10 [1982] 58 [poor reproduction])
[BI Utrecht 1612] Joanne Barra (m.1634) after Monogrammist L.L. Title-page vignette of Joachim van den Hove, Delitiae musicae. Utrecht, Salomon de Roy and Johannes Guilielmus de Rhenau, 1612. engraving. One or two women sing and men play lute and flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] I, p. 93; Haas Barock. p. 4 [poor reproduction]; Fraenkel no. 87 [whole page]; MGG VI, Taf. 36 [fine reproduction, vignette only])
[Pa Amsterdam RM] Dutch, first half, 17th century. Garden Party beside a Quay. Amsterdam RM. painting on a clavichord lid. Musicians playing cello, violin (and lute?) accompany three dancing couples. (F. J. Hirth. Meisterwerke des Klavierbaus. Dietikon-Zürich 1981. p. 167 [poor reproduction])
[Pa Nuremberg GNM] Dutch, 1605. Dance on the Grounds of an Estate. Nuremberg GNM Inv. No. MINE 95. painting on the lid of a virginal by Artus Gheerdinck (Amsterdam 1605). Musicians play bass viol or cello and chitarrone. (MgB IV/4, p. 53, 52 [detail])
[Buytewech Pa] Buytewech, Willem (1591/92-1624). Allegorical Garden Party. Berlin SMPK (on loan from a private collection). In the lower left corner there are three musical instruments: lute, flute and a curved cornett with a reed. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 159. Considers [p. 97] the composition influenced by Barendsz' Mankind before the Flood, and Mankind awaiting the Last Judgement.; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 25, pl. 5 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1616-17; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 103 [useless reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Garden Party (1627). Amsterdam RM. A man plays a lute and a woman plays a flute. (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 174 [smallish color reproduction]; Haak. p. 235 [rather small reproduction]; R. van Oven. Het Huis aan de Kade [Rijksmuseum]. Amsterdam 1941. opp. p. 206; J. J. van Thiel et al. All the Paintings of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Amsterdam and Maarssen, 1978. no. A1796, p. 255 [minuscule reproduction, useless, but with a bibliography]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. no. 27, p. 124, as The Garden of Love; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. pp. 55, 300 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Oud-Holland 100 [1986] 11; Vis. Coll. 374.H162.90[oo])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Garden Party. Budapest SM. Includes a man playing a violin and a woman playing a lute. (exh Cologne WRM, Utrecht CM, 1987: Niederländische Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts aus Budapest. no. 18, p. 81 [color reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party on a Terrace. The Hague, Dienst voor s'Rijksverspriede Kunstvoorwerpen. Women sing and play a slender, end-blown woodwind; men play violin and lute. The instruments are poorly drawn. unimp. (exh Hull, Ferens Art Gallery, 1961: cat. no. 37, pl. 10)
[Matham-Breen Pr] Gillis van Breen (ca.1595-ca.1622), probably after Jacob Matham (1571-1631). Musical Company beneath an Arbor. engraving. A man and a woman sing, a woman plays a cittern, and a man (with a lute case behind his feet) plays a lute. There is an unplayed violin next to the female singer. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 185 [small reproduction])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Couple Dancing in a Park, from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. At the left a couple dances accompanied by figures playing violin, bass viol or cello, lute, cittern (?) and flute. There is also a fool with a belled cap. At the right a man plays a lute. Based on figures from the Festival in a Park Landscape by Nicolaes de Bruyn (1565/1571-1652) after David Vinckboons (1576-1629) [see Flemish section]. (Hind no. 1434; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 23, p. 270; Muziek & Grafiek no. 12, p. 62 [ok reproduction])
[C de Passe Pr] _______. Garden Scene, from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. In the background, at a table beneath an arbor, a lute player serenades (tiny detail). Perhaps other instruments were also intended. (Hirth no. 1426; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 10)
[Sweelinck Dr] Sweelinck, Gerrit Pietersz (1566-1628?). Picnic (1593). Munich SgS. drawing. Figures sing and play virginal, violin, lute, flute and one more musical instrument. (100 Meisterzeichnungen aus der Staatlichen Graphischen Sammlung München. Munich 1958. pl. 75)
[E van de Velde Pa] Velde, Esaias van de (1587-1630). Festivities on a Terrace. Amsterdam, P. & N. de Boer Foundation. Includes a cavalier (back to the viewer) playing a lute. (The Hague, Mauritshuis. Beknopte Catalogus. 1968. p. 32, as attr. W. Buytewech, on loan from the de Boer Foundation; sale Sotheby's, 4.IV.1962, lot 39, as W. Buytewech; G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 60, pl. 131, as ca.1612/13)
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Banquet in a landscape (1615). Amsterdam RM. The diners are serenaded by a man playing a lute. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 59, pl. 134; C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 180 [fair reproduction]; Haak p. 186)
[E van de Velde Dr] _______, attr. Garden Party. Berlin SM Ksk. drawing. Includes women singing and playing a cittern and men playing a lute and a flute. This group is made up of the three figures in the engraving/etching by Jan van de Velde after Esaias van de Velde, Music-Makers in a Garden (see below), with the flute player and the singer placed behind them. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. attr. D2, fig. 121 [small reproduction]; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 165, as Jan van de Velde; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 107, as ca.1614)
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Banquet in a Garden (1619). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. Includes a man playing a lute (back view, only head and neck visible -- similar to Keyes cat. 60 and 68). (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 62, color pl. VIII [fine color reproduction], b&w pl. 137; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 113, pl. 4 [fine color reproduction], suggests is related to the theme of Mankind Awaiting the Last Judgement)
[E van de Velde Pa] _______, attr. Garden Party. Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. Figures sing, and a woman plays a viol. There is also a lute case, leaning prominently against a chair in the right foreground. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. Ref.31, fig. 109 [minuscule reproduction], as perhaps by Adam van Breen, Vinckboons influence; Vis. Coll. V5404.90[e])
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Garden Party. Paris art market (1961). Includes a lute player. unimp. (Burlington 103 [1961] May ad p.xlvii) The lute player is related to a study attributed to van de Velde, Standing Lute Player (private collection) (Keyes cat. no. Attr.D 11, fig. 131).
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Picknickers beside a River. private collection. Includes a woman singing and a man playing a lute. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 67, pl. 136; Simiolus 18 [1988] unnumbered adv. p.)
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Banquet in a Park (1615). private collection. A man at the table plays a lute. A child nearby plays a bagpipe. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 66, color pl. V, opp. p. 24 [fine color reproduction], b&w pl. 135. Notes sale, Sotheby's, London, 16.VII.1980, lot 15)
[E van de Velde Pa] _______. Garden Party (1614). location unknown. A woman plays a flute and men play bass viol and lute. There may be a singer. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 69, pl. 133)
[E van de Velde-Scheyndel Pr] Gillis van Scheyndel (op.1622-1654) after Esaias van de Velde. Music-Makers in a Garden (1622). engraving. There is at least one singer (a woman), a man playing a lute and a woman playing a recorder. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 34, p. 183 [fine reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 318 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Pittsburgh, Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 25, p. 64 [ok reproduction])
[E van de Velde-J van de Velde Pr] Jan II van de Velde (ca.1593-p.1641) after Esaias van de Velde. Music-Makers in a Garden. etching and engraving. A woman plays a cittern and a man plays a lute. There is an unplayed lute and a flute case. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. A 114, pl. 381; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 159 [not exhibited]; Early Music 1 [1973] 157, as by Claes Janszoon [Nicolas Joannes] Visscher d. J. [1586-1652] after Esaias and Jan II van de Velde; Early Music 10 [1982] 259, attribution as Early Music 1)
[J van de Velde Pa] Velde, Jan II van de (ca.1593-p.1641). Banquet in the Gardens of an Estate. Warsaw MN? Includes women singing and playing a lute and a man playing a lute. Perhaps more. (Warsaw MN Rocznik 5 [1960] 274)
Street Scenes: [BI Amsterdam 1624] After Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Street Serenade, from Johan de Brune, Emblemata of Zinnewerck. Amsterdam, Jan Evertsen Kloppenburch, 1624. engraving. The serenaders play bass viol, one or more violins, lute and recorder. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 119)
[BI Amsterdam 1626] Serwouter, Pieter (b.1586). Musicians Serenading in a Street/"vande Minne-kunst," from J. van Heemskerk, Minne-Kunst, Minne-Dichten, Mengel-Dichten. Amsterdam, 1626, no. 97. etching. Musicians play violin, cello (5-strings), harp, lute and flute. (exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 241, as Municipal Musicians)
[BI Amsterdam 1700] Anon. Street Serenade, from Alle de wercken ... van Heer Jacob Cats. Amsterdam-Utrecht 1700. engraving. The musicians sing and play a number of instruments, including a lute. (E. Closson, et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 200)
[Pa Venice Correr] Dutch, 17th century. Bull Running in the Piazza San Marco. Venice Correr. Includes a prancing comedian playing a lute. (Gazette des Beaux Arts 61 [February 1963] La chronique des arts no. 1129, p. 55 [utterly useless reproduction])
Views: [CI Amsterdam 1599] Bast, Pieter (ca.1570-1605). View of Amsterdam (1599). engraving. There is a group of people standing in the foreground, opposite the city. One of them plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] I, no. 8, p. 168; Verzameling Amsterdam, W. J. R. Dreesmann, I. Deel. 's-Gravenhage 1942. opp. p. 115)
[CI Franeker 1598] Bast, Pieter (ca.1570-1605). View of Franeker (1598). engraving. Among the figures in the foreground, one plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] I, p. 171; O. Klose and L. Martius. Ortsansichten und Stadtpläne der Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. 1962. vol. 8, pl. 15; exh Amsterdams Historisch Museum, etc., 1977: Opkomst en bloei van het Noordnederlandse stadsgezicht in de 17de eeuw. no. 28 [small reproduction])
Ateliers: See also Allegory, Vanitas.
[Claesz Pa] Claesz, Pieter (1597-1661). Artist's Studio with Vanitas Still Life (1628). Amsterdam RM. Among the objects (on the floor): violin, lute, crumhorn and recorder (only a bit of the distal end visible). (J. J. van Thiel et al. All the Paintings of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Amsterdam and Maarssen, 1978. p. 168 [minuscule reproduction, useless, but with a bibliography]; Vis. Coll. 374.C513.93[d])
Balls (and Court/Civic Dances): [Muller Dr] Muller, Jan Harmensz (1571-1628). Masked Ball. Paris Louvre CdD. drawing. The little orchestra includes players of cello or viol (preposterous position), lute and flute. There is perhaps another musician. Revellers play bow-and-bladder drone/bumbass and grate (and tongs?). (R. Bacon. Great Drawings of the Louvre: The German, Flemish and Dutch Drawings. New York 1968. no. 75 [fine color reproduction])
Banquets: [BI The Hague 1629] Adriaen Matham (ca.1599-1660) after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Bridal Banquet, from Gilles Jacobs Quintin, De Hollsndsche Lys met de Brabandsche-Bely. The Hague 1629. p. 213. engraving. Musicians in a gallery play cello (large), violin, lute and cornett. (exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p.lxxvi [tiny reproduction, not exhibited])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Indulgere iuuat genio ... ", from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. A banquet. Includes a love- and/or drink-besotted gentleman (an "Idle Man") in his lady's arms, reclining and playing his lute. There are also musicians in a gallery. (Hirth no. 1435; I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 24, p. 270; Muziek & Grafiek no. 42, p. 92)
Circus: [Venne Dr] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Circus tent, design for Tafereel van de Belacchende Werelt (The Hague 1635), p. 69. Amsterdam market (1972). Includes a group of musicians playing cello, violin, lute and flute. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 133 [ok reproduction]. Notes sale, Sotheby's Amsterdam, 26.IX.72, no. 370)
Dances and Dancers: [BI Amsterdam 1615] Le Blon, Michel (1587-1656). Party with Dancers,from Nicolas Vallet, Secretum musarum. Amsterdam, the author, 1615. engraving. Includes two dancers accompanied by figures playing lute and flute. The border decorations include two trophies, each with violin (?) and a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] II, p. 154 [minuscule reproduction])
[Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Dancing Lesson, from Academia/sive speculum vitae scholasticae (1612). engraving. A man playing a violin accompanies two men dancing. A student holds a lute. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 46, p. 281; W. Braun. Die Musik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden 1981. [NHMW, 4] p. 275; MgB IV/4, Abb. 108, p. 135, as Simon de Passe (m.1647) after Crispijn I de Passe)
[Venne Dr] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Bridal Couple with Dancing and Music-Making Figures. Amsterdam art market (1972). drawing. A man plays a lute and a woman sings. There is a female dancer and a dancing fool with bells on his cap and armlets, anklets and kneelets of bells. Drawing for an illustration published in Jacob Cats, Self-stryt. Middelburg, Jan van de Venne, 1620. (sale, Mak van Waay, Amsterdam, 26.IX.1972, no. 372; L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 113 [ok reproduction])
Domestic Interiors: [Duyster Pa] Duyster, Willem Cornelisz (1599-1635). A Man and a Woman in an Interior. no location. There is a lute hanging on the wall. (Vis. Coll. 374.D957.90[h])
Inn Interiors: [Passe Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). "Arridet stultus, cernens. Studiosa Juuventus, ..."/Visit to a tavern, from Academia sive speculum vitae scholasticae (Utrecht 1612). engraving. A woman sings and a student plays a lute. There is a fool with a belled cap. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 50, p. 283; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 27 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Muziek & Grafiek no. 33, p. 85 [ok reproduction]; =? Hollstein [Dutch] XV, no. 858, p. 294, as from Stirpium insignium nobilitatis)
[Droochsloot Dr] Droochsloot, Joost (1586-1666). Tavern Scene/Allegory of the Five Senses. Leipzig MbK. drawing. Peasants play violin, large lute and shawm. (Haak. p. 73)
Interiors (not Church, Domestic, Inn): [Bassen Pa] Bassen, Bartholomeus van (ca.1590-1652). Interior/Allegory of the Five Senses. 's-Gravenhage, Rijksdienst voor Beeldende Kunst. Includes a woman playing a virginal and a man playing a lute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 76)
[Bassen Pa] _______. Interior. Munich AP. Women sing and play a keyboard instrument. Men play violin, lute and flute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 75 [small, unhelpful reproduction])
[Bassen Pa] _______. Party in an Interior. private collection. Figures play virginal (?), harp and lute. The beggar with the dog in the doorway suggests the Parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 74)
[Bassen-van de Velde Pa] Bassen, Bartholomeus van (ca.1590-1652) (setting) and Esaias van de Velde (1587-1630) (figures). Interior with Figures. Amsterdam RM. Includes a man and a woman singing and a man playing a lute (back view). (H. Jantzen. Das niederländische Architekturbild. Leipzig 1910. Abb. 20, as van Bassen; G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. I, pl. 350 [whole composition and detail of the musical group])
[Bassen-van de Velde Pa] _______. Renaissance Interior. Darmstadt HLM. Includes a woman singing and a man playing a lute. A variant of the painting in Amsterdam. (G. Bott. Die Gemäldegalerie des Hessischen Landesmuseums in Darmstadt. Hanau 1968. pl. XII [color reproduction]; G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. VIII, color pl. XIX [fine reproduction], b&w pl. 352; M. Praz. An Illustrated History of Furnishing... New York 1961. pp. 116-117 [fine reproduction, but the musicians are in the page crease])
[Bassen-van de Velde Pa] _______. Renaissance Interior/The Parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man. San Francisco de Young. Figures play violin, harp, lute and one more musical instrument (woodwind/cornett?). (1966 catalog, p. 117)
[Bassen-van de Velde Pa] _______. Renaissance Interior with Banqueters/The Parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man (1622). private collection. Includes a lute placed on a cloak on a stool in the left foreground. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. IX, fig. 351)
[Bassen-van de Velde Pa] _______. Interior with Tric-Trac Players. location unknown. Includes a lute on an overturned stool, right center foreground. (sale Helbing, Munich, 18.IV.12, lot. 773, as D. Dalens [i.e Dirck van Delen?]; G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. no. XXIII, fig. 360)
[Gyselaer Pa] Gyselaer (Giselaer), Nicolaes (1583-a.1629). Renaissance Interior with Figures (1621). Cambridge Fitzwilliam. Includes figures around a table singing and playing viol and lute. (Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 18 [1967] 148 [fair reproduction])
Parties/Music Parties: See also Allegory, Love and Sex; Allegory, Senses (Hearing).
[Pa Bamberg Residenzgalerie] Dutch?, first half, 17th century? Party with Card Players and Lute Player. Bamberg, Residenzgalerie. A youthful cavalier with a splendidly feathered hat plays a lute. (Nicolson Caravaggism.. pl. 1457 [fair reproduction], as "Caravaggesque Master 'H' [? central European]." Notes that it is in Bamberg as Honthorst and that there is another version in Cracow [in Mirimonde (Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1965, p. 165) as the Elder van Oost])
[Bramer Dr] Bramer, Leonard (1596-1674). Music Party. Amsterdam art market (1913). drawing. A woman plays a violin, and men play two violins and cello. Two figures sing. There are unplayed cello and lute. A vague but amusing sketch. (van Gogh sale, de Roos, Amsterdam, 2-3.XII.1913 [catalog illustration ok])
[Buytewech Pa] Buytewech, Willem (1591/92-1624). Four Figures around a Table. Budapest SM. There is a lute (next to a dagger) and two flutes (of different sizes, with a flute case) hanging on the wall. (Bernt I, pl. 212; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age ... p. 160 [not exhibited]; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 26, pl. 6 [fine color reproduction], as ca.1620-22; exh Cologne WRM, Utrecht CM 1987: Niederländische Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts aus Budapest. no. 7, p. 59 [ok color reproduction )
[Buytewech Pa] _______. Cavaliers and Ladies. Paris Louvre. Men play lute and flute (poor depictions). unimp. (Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 128)
[Duyster Pa] Duyster, Willem Cornelisz (1599-1635). Tric-trac Players. Amsterdam RM. Includes a man playing a lute. very unimp. (exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. no. 22, p. 108)
[Duyster Pa] _______. Music Party. London, Apsley House. Includes a woman holding a violin and a lute on a table. (1965 catalog of paintings, pl. 29)
[Elias Pa] Elias, Isaak (op. ca.1620). Music Party (1620). Includes a young man tuning a lute. Amsterdam RM. (E. de Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de zwventiende eeuw. n. p. 1967. p. 6; E. de Jongh. "Realisme en schijnrealisme ..." In: Rembrandt en zijn tijd. Brussels 1974; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 163; de Jongh Portretten. no. 1, p. 67; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Gemaak. no. 23, p. 112; exh Brussels, 1971: Rembrandt et son temps. no. 31, p. 46 [fair reproduction]; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. The Hague 1994. p. 50 [not exhibited], as allegory of the Five Senses; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxxi [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Art Bulletin 64 [1982] 271; Art History 13 [1990] 170; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 18 [1956] 175)
[Elaut Pa] Elaut, Franchoys (1589-1635), attr. Music Party (1631). Munich, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen. Women sing and play lute. Men play violin and flute. There is an unplayed viol (cello corpus, but with frets, and there seem to be six pegs). Apparently in poor condition. (Oud-Holland 109 [1995] 25 [fair reproduction])
[Gyselaer Pa] Gyselaer, Nicolas (1583-a.1629). Renaissance Interior with a Music Party(1621). Cambridge Fitzwilliam. A man and a women sing and men play bass viol and lute. (Fitzwilliam Museum. Catalogue of Paintings. Cambridge 1960. vol. I, pl. 29 [useless reproduction]; Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 18 [1967] 148)
[D Hals Pa] Hals, Dirk (1591-1656). Music Party. Aachen, Suermondt Museum. Men play cello and lute. (Marburg no. 190 713 [small reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Merry Company (1627). Berlin SMPK. Includes, at the left, a violin and a lute on a table and a cello (back view) leaning against the table. (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 174 [fine color reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 81 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Cavaliers and Ladies. The Hague, Rijksdienst voor Beeldende Kunst. Women sing and play a keyboard instrument; men play violin, lute and flute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 81)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. Jacksonville FL, Cummer Gallery of Art. There are several singers (with partbooks) and men playing a large lute and a tiny woodwind instrument (recorder?). unimp. (Cummer Gallery of Art. New Acquisitions since 1961.unnumbered p.)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. Louisville KY, Speed Art Museum. Includes figures playing lute and cornett. (sale Dorotheum, Vienna, 13-15.XI.1956)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party (1623). St. Petersburg Hermitage. A woman sings and men play cello, violin and lute. (Hermitage. Meisterwerke aus der Ermitage. Holländische und Flämische Schule. Prague 1962. color pl. 51; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p.182 [not exhibited]
[D Hals Pa] _______. Merry Company (1626). San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor. A pochette (?), violin, lute and flute hang on the wall. (exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 149 [not exhibited]) =? Tollemache sale, Christie's, 15.V.1953 (poor reproduction)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Card Party. private collection. Figures play violin and lute. A violin and two flutes hang on a wall. (Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 18 [1956] 174)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party(1623). London art market (1962). A woman may sing and another may play a slender woodwind (it looks more like a long clay pipe which has lost its bowl). A man plays a (miserably drawn) lute. (Connoisseur 150 [1962] June ad p. lxxxi [ok reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Merry Company Gambling in an Interior. private collection. Hanging on a wall: violin, lute, two small woodwinds (flutes?). (S. Slive. Frans Hals. London 1970. vol. I, p. 73)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. Munich art market (1909). Women sing and play a bass viol. Men play violin and lute. (sale, Helbing, Munich, 12.X.1909 [ok reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. The Hague art market (1919). Men play cello, violin and lute. Someone may sing. (Smallenburg sale, Muller, Amsterdam, 6.V.1913 [fair reproduction]; J. Goudstikker, The Hague, 1919)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. Vienna art market (1968). A woman sings and men play violin, cittern and lute. (Galerie Sanct Lucas, Vienna, winter exh 1967/68 [ok reproduction])
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party. location unknown. A woman sings, men play violin, lute and recorder (?), and two couples dance. (G. Glück. Niederländische Gemälde aus der Sammlung des Herrn Dr. Leon Lilienfeld in Wien. Vienna 1917. opp. p. 12)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party, attr. Zürich art market (1988). A woman, and perhaps one or two men sing, men play recorder (?) and violin and a woman plays a lute. Unplayed: cello, cittern (out of perspective), lute, and perhaps two or three of what were once intended to be woodwind instruments. Even for Dirk Hals it's pretty bad. (Burlington 130 [1988] July ad p. viii)
[D Hals Pa] _______. Music Party (1637). location unknown. A woman sings and men play lute and flute (slender). The flute player's extended leg rests on a foot warmer. (Oud-Holland109 [1995] p. not recorded)
[D Hals-Delen Pa] Hals, Dirck and Dirck van Delen (1604/05-1671). Party in an Elegant Interior (1628). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum (loan). Includes men playing double bass, violin and lute. (exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. 205 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; Frans Halsmuseum. ... [Reproductions]. Haarlem 1955. cat. no. 674, pl. 70; Frans Halsmuseum. ... [Reproductions]. Haarlem 1960. pl. 68; Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem. Dutch Painting. Ed. H. P. Baard. Transl. J. J. Kliphuis. Munich 1967. p. 69 [small color reproduction]; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 18 [1956] 182 [poor reproduction])
[D Hals-Delen Pa] _______. Party in an Elegant Interior (1628). Vienna, Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste. Not played: violin, cello, lute and two flutes (?). (exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 45, pl. 11 [color reproduction]; Alte und moderne Kunst 9/H. 74 [1964] 17; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 18 [1956] 181 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.H162.90[f])
[D Hals-Delen Pa] _______. Party in an Elegant Interior (1628). London art market (1998). Cavaliers play cello/double bass (a very big cello), violin and lute. (exh Dulwich, Hartford, 1998-99: Pieter de Hooch ... p. 28 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[D Hals-Kittensteyn Pr] Cornelis Kittensteyn (1598?-1652?) after Dirk Hals. Cavaliers and Ladies in an Interior. engraving. With unplayed musical instruments: cello, violin and lute (partly visible). (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 160 [fine reproduction], with English translation of the text [p. 177]; E. de Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de zeventiende eeuw. n. p. 1967. p. 7; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. cat. no. 33, p. 179 [ok reproduction], with some English translation and paraphrasing of the text; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 250 [not exhibited]; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxxiii [small, poor reproduction, not exhibited], with English translation of the text [p. lxx, after Brown 1978])
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). The Tric-Trac Players. Berlin SMPK. Includes a woman holding a lute, as a man holding a wine glass chucks her under the chin. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 153, as Das Puffspiel)
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Music Party (1623). Copenhagen SmfK (now in Helsingör, Castle Kronborg?). A man, a woman and a boy sing and a man plays a lute. A candlelight piece. unimp for lute. (NicolsonCaravaggism. pl. 1268 [poor reproduction]; Copenhagen SmfK. Katalog over aeldre malerier. Copenhagen 1946. no. 321 [poor reproduction]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 224 [not exhibited]; exh Utrecht 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. p. 59 [small reproduction, not exhibited], with location Helsingör, Castle Kronborg)
[Honthorst Pa] _______, attr. Four Figures Around a Table (1628). Dublin NGI. Includes a man playing a lute. (B. Boydell. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 21, as A Wedding Feast; Burlington 110 [1968] 597)
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Figures Around a Table by Candlelight. Florence Uffizi. Includes a man playing a lute. (A. Moir. The Italian Followers of Caravaggio. Cambridge MA 1967. fig. 145 [fair reproduction]; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 12, as 1620; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1251 [fair reproduction]; exh Utrecht 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. p. 32 [not exhibited]; exh Florence Pitti, 1970: Caravaggio e Caravaggeschi nelle Gallerie di Firenze. Ed. E. Borea. pl. 28; Early Music 12 [1984] 208 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. H757.90[c]) Engraved by D. V. Non (Dominique Vivant Denon) (1747-1825). (Hirth vol. IV, p. xxiii)
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Allegorical Group (1623). Munich, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen. Includes a woman playing a lute. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1267)
[Passe Dr/Pr] Passe, Crispijn de (ca.1565-1637). Music Party. Amsterdam Rpk. drawing. Women sing and play a keyboard instrument, a man plays a flute, and a man holds a lute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 48) Engraving, from Deliciarum juvenilium libellus (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 9, p. 23; Hirth no. 1427 [ok reproduction]; van Dijck-Koopman no. 49; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 58, p. 107, as from Hortus voluptatum (1599); exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 235 [ok reproduction, not exhibited], with translation of the text)
[Passe Pr] _______. Carnival/Masked Party, from Hortus voluptatum (1599). engraving. Revellers play a lute and hold a mandora (?). (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 27, p. 272, as Shrovetide games; E. Closson et al. La Musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 97; Hirth no. 1431; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 176 [small reproduction, not exhibited], as ca.1620)
[C de Passe Pr] _______. Party in a Student Room/Studentenmuziek. engraving (tondo). Students in the background play a large cello and a lute, apparently ignoring everything going on around them, including a pair of grappling lovers. (Muziek & Grafiek. no. 47, p. 97 [ok reproduction])
[C de Passe Pr] _______. Nosy Women, from Academia sive speculum vitae scholasticae (Utrecht 1612). engraving. The rehearsal of a collegium musicum (?) from a series of scenes of student life. The lutenist is changing a string. (I. M. Veldman. Profit and Pleasure. Print Books by Crispijn de Passe. Rotterdam 2001. fig. 47, p. 282, as Making music; W. Braun. Die Musik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden 1981. [NHMW, 4] p. 41; Lesure [English] pl. 30[b], [German] pl. 34; van Dyck-Koopman no. 47; MgB IV/3, p. 71; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 48, p. 97, as by Jan Goeree after Laureys van Delen; MGG IV, col. 1715; Imago Musicae 4 [1987] 338 [fair reproduction]; Musica calendar 1972: 28 May-10 June [fine reproduction])
[Potter Pa] Potter, Pieter (1597/1600-1651). Music Party. Amsterdam RM. Includes a cavalier playing a cello and ladies singing and playing a lute. (exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... no. 53, p. 210)
[E van de Velde Dr] Velde, Esaias van de (1587-1630). Musical Party (1629). Cambridge Fitzwilliam. drawing. A man and a boy (?) sing and men play viola and bass viol. There is a prominent unplayed lute leaning against a stool with a cushion in the center foreground and a recorder on the table. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. D43, pl. 329 [ok reproduction])
[E van de Velde Dr] _______. Music Party. London BM. Several musical figures, including one with a lute. (Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists, IV. London 1931. pl. L [tiny reproduction])
[Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Musical Company. Amsterdam RM. Men play violin, cittern and theorbo (none of them very clear). (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 98)
Other: [Venne-Anon Pr] Anon. after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Interior with a Man Holding an Egg and a Pair of Scissors, from Johannes de Brune, Emblemata of Zinnewerck. Amsterdam, Jan Evertsen Kolppenburch, 1624. p. 1,I. engraving. Includes a lute and a cittern hanging on the wall. A barbershop. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXV, no. 23, p. 33)
Angels: [CI Flushing 1613] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). The Arrival at Flushing of the Elector Palatinate and his Wife, 28 April 1613. engraving. Includes two groups of angels; one of the angels plays a lute. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Velde. Doornspijk 1989. pp. 58-60)
[Bramer Dr] Bramer, Leonaert (1596-1674). Musical Angels Surrounding a Ring of Cherubs in the Clouds. London BM. drawing. Several musical angels, including one playing a lute. (Connoisseur 164 [1967] 48 [small, unhelpful reproduction])
[Bramer Pa] _______. Adoration of the Holy Cross. Rome, Pinacoteca Capitolina. Includes numerous musical angels, one playing a lute. (exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. III.19, p. 231 [fair color reproduction]. Notes previous attribution to Cornelis van Poelenburgh.)
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Saints Francis and Bonaventura and Donor Princess Colonna-Gonzaga. Albano, Capuchin Church. Angels sing and play violin, bass viol and lute. unimp. (A. Moir. The Italian Followers of Caravaggio. Cambridge MA 1967. fig. 146 [small reproduction]; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1241 [ample reproduction, but unclear], as 1618)
[Muller Dr] Muller, Jan Harmensz (1571-1628). The Baptism of Christ. Munich SgS. drawing. One of the angels plays a lute. Very mannerist. (100 Meisterzeichnungen aus der Staatlichen Graphischen Sammlung München. Ed. P. Halm, B. Degenhart and W. Wegner. Munich 1958. pl. 73; exh Washington DC, etc, 1986-87: The Age of Bruegel ... p. 230 [small reproduction, not exhibited]) He also engraved it. (IB vol. 4, no. 3, p. 446; Muziek & Grafiek no. 19, p. 70)
[Tengnagel Pa] Tengnagel, Jan (1584-1635). St. Catherine Adoring the Christ Child. location unknown (ex coll. Roberto Longhi). Includes an angel playing a lute. (Oud-Holland 88 [1974] 65 [small reproduction])
Children: [Terbrugghen Pa] Terbrugghen, Hendrick (1588-1629). Three Boys Making Music. London NG (ex Coll. Lord Somers). One sings and the others play lute and flute/fife. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A37, pl. 72; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1155 [poor reproduction]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... no. 40, pp. 252 [ok color reproduction], 130-31 [splendid color detail, but with text printed across a corner of it]; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster... p. 225 [not exhibited]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw ... no. 32, p. 143 [ok color reproduction]; Burlington 125 [1983] August front cover [dark color reproduction], as between 1626-1629; Burlington 140 [1998], 71 [minuscule reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts [March 1984] La chronique des arts no. 1382, p. 42 [ok reproduction, notice of acquisition]; Vis. Coll. 374.T272.90[g])
Comedians and Revellers: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Street Scenes.
[Gheyn Pr] Gheyn, Jacques (Jacob II) de (1565-1629). Three Masqueraders. engraving. One tunes a lute (which has a broken string). (Hirth no. 1542 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 87a, p. 130 [ok reproduction])
Musicians (amateur and professional): [BI Rotterdam 1622] After Willem Buytewech (1591/92-1624). Figures in a Roundel, from the title page of Bredero, Alle de Spelen. Rotterdam, Pieter van Waesberge, 1622. engraving. Includes a man playing a lute. unimp. (Haak. p. 185 [small reproduction, the roundels are minuscule])
[Pa Richmond MFA] Dutch, 17th century. Two Musicians. Richmond VA, VaMFA (ex Liechtenstein). A bare-shouldered man sings and a woman tunes an arch-lute (the second head is not visible). (1966 catalog: European Art. p. 19 [tiny reproduction], as Dutch follower of Caravaggio, formerly attr. Le Valentin, perhaps Adam de Coster)
[Pa private collection] North Netherlandish, early 17th century? Three Figures Making Music in the Open Air. private collection. Women sing and play a lute and a man plays a recorder. Sheep graze in the background. An angel and two swans float in the sky. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1628)
[Baburen Dr] Baburen, Dirck van (ca.1594/95-1624). Sketch for a lute player. Berlin SMPK, Ksk. drawing. Back view. This seems to be a study for the lute player in Mainz, below. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1059 [small reproduction])
[Baburen Pa] _______. The Procuress (1622). Boston MFA. Includes a woman playing a lute. This painting hangs on the wall in Vermeer's Lady Seated at a Virginal (London NG) and his Concert (ex Boston, Gardner Museum). (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 175 [fine color reproduction]; L Gowing. Vermeer. Berkeley CA 1997. p. 122; Haak p. 212; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1077 [fair reproduction]; J. J. van Thiel et al. All the Paintings of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Amsterdam and Maarssen, 1978. p. 92 [minuscule reproduction, but with a bibliography]; exh Rome 2000/01: Colori della musica ... p. 26 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... cat. 38, pp. 245 [fine color reproduction], 246 [splendid color detail]; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986/87: Nieuw licht op de Gouden Eeuw .... p. 40 [not exhibited]; exh Philadalphia, 1984: no. 1, pl. 10; exh Cleveland, 1971: Caravaggio and his Followers. no. 1; L. Gowing. "Light on Baburen and Vermeer." Burlington [1951] 169-170. Considers the Boston painting better than the version in Amsterdam. Proposes the Boston painting as the one reproduced by Vermeer. This reproduced p. 168, with a detail of the Vermeer in London; Vis Coll. 374.B118.90[b]) Copy (Amsterdam RM) with the lute less clearly drawn. (Vis. Coll. 374.B118.90[a])
[Baburen Pa] _______. The Procuress/The Prodigal Son (1623). Mainz, Gemäldegalerie der Stadt. A woman holds a violin and a man holds a lute. (Bernt I, pl. 40; Lesure pl. 29a [English], 31 [German]; NicolsonCaravaggism. pl. 1066, as "Concert ['Prodigal Son']"; E. Vetter. Der verlorene Sohn. Düsseldorf 1955. pl. 24; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica ... no. V.12, p. 274 [ok color reproduction], as allegory of the Prodigal Son and the Five Senses; exh Rome 2000-01: Color della musica ... p. 26 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; C. Stukenbrock. Niederländische Gemälde des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts [Landesmuseum Mainz]. Mainz 1997. p. 31 [ok color reproduction]; Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 13 [1968] 124; Vis. Coll. 374.B118.90[c])
[Baburen Pa] _______. Four Figures. St. Petersburg Hermitage. Three of them play violin, lute and woodwind (cornett? -- only a bit of the proximal end visible). (Kinsky p. 176, as Honthorst; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1076 [fair reproduction]; exh Rome 2000-01, Colori della musica ... p. 66 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Baburen-Frick Pa] F. Frick after Dirck van Baburen. Three Figures Making Music. stipple engraving (as after Honthorst). A boy sings and a man and a woman play lutes. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1061 [small reproduction]; Burlington 104 [1962] 541)
[Bor Pa] Bor, Paulus (ca.1601-1669) and Pieter Fransz de Grebber (ca.1585/1600-1652/54). Trompe l'oeil figures (1638). ex Honselaersdijk, grote bovenzaal, frieze around the base of the ceiling (lost/destroyed). In one group a man plays a small, long-necked lute and a woman plays a tambourine. (Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 278-79)
[Bramer Pa] Bramer, Leonard (1596-1674). Musicians. London art market (1997). Several musical figures, including two lute players (one tuning). There is also an unplayed lute. (Haak. p. 325; Burlington 108 [1966] 332; Burlington 132 [1990] May ad p. xxxiv; Burlington 139 [1997] March ad p. x)
[Coster Pa] Coster, Adam de (ca.1586-1643). Lute Player and Singer. Grenoble, Musée de Pienture et de Sculpture. Two figures, by candlelight. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1596 [dark reproduction])
[Crabeth Pa] Crabeth, Wouter Pietersz II (ca.1593-1644). Three Figures Making Music. Paris art market. A woman plays a guitar and men play lute and small recorder. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 982 [miserable reproduction])
[Duyster Pa] Duyster, Willem Cornelisz (1599-1635). A Woman and a Man Tuning a Lute. Berlin, Jagdschloss Grünewald. There are also an unplayed bass viol and lute and a lute case. (Haak. p. 94, suggests a relation to the emblem "Quid non sentit ..." [See Emblems and Proverbs, BI Amsterdam 1622, above]; Jagdschloss Grünewald. Berlin 1962. no. 73, p. 60 [tiny reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... no. 21, p. 104, as ca.1630, as perhaps a man trying to create harmony)
[Duyster Pa] _______. Carnival Revellers. Berlin SMPK. One plays a lute, and two (?) play tambourines. unimp. (exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en Holland au XVIIe siècle. no. 114, pl. 44)
[Duyster Pa] _______. Youth Tuning a Lute. Douai, Musée Municipal. The partly visible lute is large, perhaps a chitarrone or theorbo, with a single rose. There is a double bass viol on a table. (L. Gianoli and G. Mascherpa. La pittura e la musica. Milan 1967. pl. XXX; exh Paris, Galerie Heim, 1956: Douai, Musée, Chefs d'oeuvre. pl. 16, as "Le Maître de musique")
[Duyster Dr] _______, attr. Study of a Youth Playing a Lute. Vienna Albertina. drawing. (O. Benesch. Master Drawings in the Albertina ... New York 1967. no. 162)
[Duyster Pa] _______. Three Cavaliers and a Lady. London art market (1950). The woman plays a small keyboard instrument. Men play lute and flute. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 87)
[Goltzius Dr] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Three Figures Making Music. Vienna Albertina. drawing. A woman sings and men play a lute (barely visible) and flute. unimp. for lute. (MgB IV/3, p. 41, as 1607, perhaps an allegory of Hearing; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 36 [small reproduction], as ca.1607, perhaps an allegory of Hearing; exh Worcester MA, Art Museum, 1993: Judith Leyster ... p. 185 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Goltzius Dr] _______. A Woman with a Lute. Amsterdam art market (1922). drawing (tondo). (sale, De Vries, Amsterdam, 24-25.I.1922)
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Three Figures Making Music. Dublin NGI. A man and a woman sing and a man plays a lute. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1240; exh Utrecht/Braunschweig 1986-87: Nieuw Licht op de Gouden Eeuw. unnumbered advertising p. [reversed]; Burlington 127 [1985] January ad p. xxix; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [March 2002] La chronique des arts no. 1598, p. 69 [small reproduction])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Musicians Around a Balcony (1622). Los Angeles Getty. A woman (and a man?) sings and men play two lutes and a chitarrone. (Haak p. 43; Nicolson Caravagissm. pl. 1263 [ok reproduction]; exh Rome 2000-01, Colori della musica ... p. 32 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... p. 111 [not exhibited]; Art Quarterly 35 [1972] 89 [minuscule reproduction, notice of acquisition]; Connoisseur 174 [1970] 205 [small reproduction])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Two Musical Figures and a Man Raising a Glass. Lyons MBA. A Man plays a violin and a woman plays a lute. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1292)
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Figures Making Music (1624). Paris Louvre. Women sing and play a lute and a theorbo. (Haak. p. 43; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1269; Pincherle p. 75 [ok color reproduction]; Musica calendar, 1971: 8-21 August [nice color reproduction]; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 93 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.H757.90[e]) Replica (only two singers) (Mainz LM). (exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. V.9, p. 271 [fine color reproduction], frontispiece [splendid detail of the hands of the lute player]; C. Stukenbrock. Niederländische Gemälde des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts [Landesmuseum Mainz]. Mainz 1997. p. 245 [ok color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.H757.90[h])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Duo. Paris Louvre. A woman sings and a man plays a lute. (Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 125)
[Terbrugghen Dr] Terbrugghen, Hendrick (1588-1629), attr. Three Musical Cavaliers. Paris, Fondation Custodia, F. Lugt Collection. drawing. One sings, one holds a violin and one plays a lute. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. pl. 36b. Notes attributions to Baburen, van der Helst.)
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. Two Musical Figures (1628). Paris Louvre. A woman sings and a man (singing?) plays a lute. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A56, pl. 93 [fine b&w reproduction]; Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1177; E. Höhne. Musik in der Kunst. Leipzig 1965. no. 17; exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 42 [fine b&w reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak. no. 8; exh Paris, Orangerie des Tuileries, 1967-68: Vingt ans d'acquisitions au Musée du Louvre 1947-1967. no. 388; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 78 [poor reproduction]; Revue du Louvre 12 [1962] 125 [poor reproduction])
[Terbrugghen Pa] _______. Two Figures (1629). Rome, Galleria Borghese. A man plays a violin and a woman (her left hand as though holding a glass, although there is no glass) drapes her arm over a lute lying face-down on a table. (B. Nicolson. Hendrick Terbrugghen. London 1958. cat. A60, pl. 103 [ok reproduction, but thi