Status of March 2001
PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry. A few late entries didn't make the index. Next time.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
David and Bathsheba: [Swart van Groningen Pa] Swart von Groningen, Jan (ca.1500-ca.1560). David and Bathsheba. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum. An attendant serenades with a lute as Bathsheba bathes. (1969 catalog: Katalog der deutschen und niederländischen Gemälde bis 1550. no. 179)
Miriam/Crossing the Red Sea: [A Claesz Pr] Claesz, Allaert (1508-ca.1555). Miriam's Song. engraving. Women play violin (of sorts) (right-handed), harp, lute (left-handed), lyre and woodwind (?). (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no.18, p. 105 [fair reproduction])
Other: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue (the story of the family of Seth, Genesis 6: 1-8).
Last Judgement: [Barendsz Dr/Pr] Barendsz, Dirck (1534-1592). Mankind Awaiting the Last Judgement/Ita erit et adventus Filii hominis (Matthew 24,39) (1581). London V & A, Dyce Collection, no. 442. drawing. Includes six amorous couples around a table, serenaded by a man playing a lute. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. cat. no. 57, pl. 27. Judson also has a list of painted copies.; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 99) Engraved by Jan/Johannes I Sadeler. (Judson 1970. cat. no. 71, pl. 42; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 86; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 40, p. 91; exh Philadelphia, 1984, Masters of Seventeenth Century Dutch Genre Painting: p. xxviii [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh The Frick Art Museum, Pittsburg, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... p. 45 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 50 [not exhibited]) A much cruder engraving attributed to Pieter van der Borcht, Sicut autem erat in diebus Noe ... (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror p. 180 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
.[Barendsz Dr/Pr] _______. Mankind before the Flood/Sicut autem erat in diebus Noe (Matthew 24, 37). private collection. drawing. Includes a banquet with a woman playing a viol, another tuning a cittern (or another bowed string). There is a lute case (and presumably a lute inside it) under the table. (exh Delft, "Prinsenhof," 1952: Prisma des Bijbelse Kunst, cat. no. 43, pl. 9) Engraved by Jan/Johannes I Sadeler. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. cat. no. 72, p. 41. Judson also has a list of painted copies.; exh Fort Worth, Austin TX, 1965: The School of Fontainebleau. p. 18 [not exh]; exh Philadelphia, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. xxviii [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh The Frick Art Museum, Pittsburg, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... p. 31 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 79; La Revue des Arts 3 [1953] 166)
Parables -- Prodigal Son: [A Claesz Pr] Claesz, Allaert (1508-ca.1555). The Lute Player and his Lover/The Parable of the Prodigal Son. engraving. He tunes his lute (sort of). She has music on her lap and leans on his shoulder. (IB vol. 16, no. App. 6, p. 263 [ok reproduction], in Aldegrever volume, but attr. Claesz; Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no. 183, p. 154)
St. Mary Magdalene: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.
Muses: [Master AF Pr] Master AF (op. ca. 1550). "Hier hebt gy de negen Zang-godinnen..."/The Goddesses of Music. woodcut. Includes one playing a lute (partly visible). (Hollstein [Dutch] XIII, no. 1, p. 4)
Folly: See also New Testament, Last Judgement.
Love and Sex: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Street Scenes.
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Montfort Pa] Montfort, Hendrick Assuersz. (Hendrick Sweersz. Blocklandt) (doc. 1547-1572). Astrology and Music. Brussels MRBA. The personification plays a lute as two other figures sing. Not played: hurdy-gurdy (labelled "Orpheus"), violin (of sorts), cittern, pommer and cornett. There are two open partbooks and a closed book carrying the name of "Lasvs Herminaeus," the Greek poet said to be the first to write music. In the background "Iustitia et Pax" embrace. As Bergmans notes, most of the imagery here of the seven Liberal Arts is based on engravings by Theodor Galle after Frans Floris (1563, another tirage by Hieronymus Cock, 1565), but the imagery of Music is quite different. (S. Bergmans. "Le triptyque des Septs Arts Liberaux ..." Brussels MRBA Bulletin 13 [1964] 169-186, this repr. p. 172. Bought [1963] as Lucas de Heere; Mirimonde Astrologie pl. 1 [frontispiece], as Flemish, late 16th century; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 67 [1966] 133 [minuscule reproduction])
Political: [Pr Anon.] Dutch, 16th century. Satire on the Papacy/Catholicism. engraving. Includes figures dining, accompanied by a man playing a lute. (Spiegel der Historie. De Nederlandse Historieprent in de Atlas van Stolk. n.p., n.d. p. 221)
Times of Day/Days of Week: [Barendsz-Jan I Sadeler Pr] Jan I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Dirck Barendsz (1534-1592). "Nox," from a Times of Day series (1582). engraving. Includes revellers approaching a villa, with one playing a lute; and, in the background, a couple sitting in the dark, he playing a lute, she singing. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. cat. no. 101, pl. 52)
[Mander-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Karel van Mander (1547-1606). "Aurora"/ Morning, the Time of Aurora, from the Four Times of Day. engraving. Two men play lutes and two women sing. (IB vol. 4, no. 176, p. 161)
Vanitas: [A Claesz Pr] Claesz, Allaert (1508-ca.1555). Portrait of a Young Man. engraving. Allegorical portrait. He is counting money. There is a lute on a shelf behind him. (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no. 182, p. 153)
[Master XXX with an L Pr] Master XXX with an L (Dutch, op. ca. 1559). Vanitas (1559). engraving. A man and a woman seated beside a table. Among the objects on the table are a lute and two recorders (?). (Hollstein [Dutch] XIII, no. 1 [without ornamental border], no. 2 [with ornamental border], both p. 104)
Vice/Virtue: See also New Testament, Last Judgement.
See also Allegory, Vanitas.
[Barendsz Pa] Barendsz, Dirck (1534-1592), attr. Six Men. Saltram Park, Devon, N. T. One of them plays a lute. (Burlington 111 [1969] 261 [tiny reproduction])
Architectural Fantasies: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Boating Parties; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Interiors.
[H Vredeman de Vries-P IV van der Borcht Pr] Pieter IV van der Borcht (1545-1608) after Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1606). Architecture and Garden Design, one of six architecture and garden projects from Hortorum Viridariorumque, Antwerp, ca. 1601 (first published 1583-87). Includes a couple dancing, accompanied by a woman playing a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 392, p. 101 [useless reproduction]; exh Pittsburgh, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... no. 31b, p. 76)
Boating Parties: [H Vredeman de Vries-P IV van der Borcht Pr] Pieter IV van der Borcht (1545-1608) after Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1606). Architecture and Garden Design, one of six architecture and garden projects from Hortorum Viridariorumque, Antwerp, ca. 1601 (first published 1583-87). Includes a woman in a boat playing a lute and a man in another boat playing a flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 395, p. 101 [useless reproduction]; exh Pittsburgh, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... no. 31e, p. 76)
Interiors (not Church, Inn): [H Vredeman de Vries Pa] Vredeman de Vries, Hans (1527-1606). Architectural Fantasy with Musicians (1596). Vienna KH. On a loggia a man and a woman sing, a woman plays a lute, and men play positive organ, bass viol, lute and flute. The figures seem to be a pastiche, with the organ (reversed) and one lute derived from Joos van Winghe's Nocturnal Masquerade (Brussels MRBA -- see Flemish, Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Parties, below). (H. Jantzen. Das niederländische Architekturbild. Leipzig 1910. Abb. 30; E. Iwanoyko. Gdánski okres Hansa Vredemana de Vries ... Poznan 1963. p. 319 [poor reproduction] as by Hans and Paul Vredeman de Vries; Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 18 [1967] 161. Notes T. von Frimmel. Kleine Galeriestudien. Leipzig 1895, pp. 53-54, who suggests figures possibly by Pieter Isaaks.; The Dictionary of Art. vol. 32, p. 726 [fair reproduction]; Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 16 [1959] fig. 29 opp. p. 33 [detail of musicians])
[H Vredeman de Vries Pa] _______. Architectural Fantasy. Vienna KH. Includes a man playing a lute as two children dance. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 153; E. Iwanoyko. Gdánski okres Hansa Vredemana de Vries ... Poznan 1963. p. 320 [miserable reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 93 [1979] 13)
Angels: [Blocklandt-La Fargue Pr] Paul Constantin La Fargue (ca.1733-1782) after Antonie van Blocklandt (1534-1583). Assumption of the Virgin. engraving. Angels play lute (left) and harp (right). very unimp. (Antwerk KMSK Jaarboek 1969. p. 138 [poor reproduction])
Musicians (amateur and professional): [Vermeyen Dr] Vermeyen, Jan (ca.1500-1559), reworked by Rubens. Courtly Company at a Fountain. Vienna Albertina. drawing. Includes a man playing a lute (half-heartedly drawn) to his lady. (E. Benesch, ed. Otto Benesch. Collected Writings, II. London, New York, 1971. fig. 88) In Vermeyen's etching of the same subject (repr. Benesch fig. 87), the man plucks a small viol or tenor fiddle.
Putti: [A Claesz Pr] Claesz, Allaert (1508-ca.1555). St. Apollonia. engraving. In the style of a manuscript illumination. Putti in the upper corners play rebec (left) and lute (right). very unimp. (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no.94, p. 125 [poor reproduction])
[Mander Dr] Mander, Karel I van (1548-1606). St. Mary Magdalene in Penitence. London BM. drawing. Two cherubs, above, play harp and lute. Drawing for no. 4 of the engraved series of repentant sinners of the Old and New Testaments, pub. Jacob de Gheyn. (1932 catalog: Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists. London 1915-1932. vol. V, pl. LXI. Notes Valentiner dates the series as ca. 1595.)
Triumph of David: [Coecke van Aelst Dr] Coecke van Aelst, Pieter (1502-1550). The Triumph of David. London BM 1853-10-8-15. drawing. One of the Welcoming Women plays a lute. (1932 catalog: Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists. London 1915-1932. vol. V, pl. VI [small, unhelpful reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374d.Ae44.19[a])
Job: [Mandyn Pa] Mandyn, Jan (1500-1560), attr. The Trials of Job. Douai, Musée de la Chartreuse. Includes a grotesque with a lute (with a broken string, battered corpus). (exh The Hague, Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 217 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Early Music 7 [1979] 10 [ok reproduction], as attr. Pieter Huys; Trésors des Musées de Province, II. Paris 1958. unnumbered page; 1967 catalog. Peintures. unnumbered page)
Other: See also Allegory, Live and Death; Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[M de Vos- A Sadeler Pr] Aegidius Sadeler (1570-1629) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). David's Repentance and Penance, from The Story of Saul and David (16 plates). engraving. There is a table at the back of the room covered with musical instruments, including a lute. unimp. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 106, p. 52)
Cana, Wedding at: [Pa Vreden Collegiate Church] Flemish (Antwerp), 16th century. The Wedding at Cana. Vreden, Collegiate Church. Musicians in a musicians' gallery play harp and lute. There are three more who seem just to stand around. (Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 14/15 [1970] 97, as ca. 1530)
[H I Francken Pa] Francken, Hieronymous (Jerome) I (1540-1610). The Wedding at Cana. Dublin NGI. Musicians play two lutes, cittern? and recorder. Based on the Maarten de Vos painting in Antwerp (see below). (B. Boydel. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 49 [with detail of the musicians]) =? (Leppert Theme. no. 224, pl. XIII, as private collection; exh Brussels MRBA, 1963: Le siécle de Brueghel ... no. 100, fig. 227 [small reproduction], as private collection)
[M de Vos Pa] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). The Wedding at Cana. Antwerp, O. L. Vrouwkerk. The dinner guests are serenaded by a boy singing and men playing two lutes and a cittern. (S. Leurs. Geschiedenis van de Vlaamsche Kunst, II. Antwerp 1940. p. 554 [poor reproduction]; J. van den Nieuwenhuizen. Gids voor de Kathedraal van Antwerpen. Antwerp 1957. unnumbered p. [useless reproduction]; exh Antwerp, 1955: Antwerpens Gouden Eeuw. cat. no. 109, as commissioned 1595; Vis. Coll. 374.1.V921.24C)
Flight to Egypt: [M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Rest on the Flight to Egypt. engraving. Includes an angel playing a lute-like cittern or a cittern-like lute (in other words, a botch). (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 538, p. 187)
Last Judgement: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[Floris-Anon. Pr] Anon. after Frans Floris (1519/20-1570). Mankind Before the Flood (Matthew 24, 37). engraving. Includes a woman singing and men playing lute and recorder. (C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. P3, Afb. 156)
[P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (op. 1545-1571). Last Judgement. Brussels MRBA. Includes a grotesque holding a lute. (Casteli Demoniaco. pll. 66-69; H. Daniel. Devils, Monsters and Nightmares. London 1964. fig. 95 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.H985.39L)
[P Huys Pa] _______. Inferno. Madrid Prado. Includes a grotesque carrying a lute and a man in the stocks with a reverse-curve trumpet. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 70)
[Mandyn Pa] Mandyn, Jan (1599-1560). Last Judgement. London art market (1960). It has numerous musical references, including a lute tied to the waist of a grotesque. (Connoisseur 145 [1960] 78 [color reproduction])
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians.
[Pa Paris Carnvalet] Flemish, ca. 1540/50. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Paris, Musée Carnavalet. With a view of Paris in the background, including the Île de la Cité and Nôtre-Dame Cathedral. Women play lute and flute and a man (the Prodigal) may sing. These figures also appear in Pieter Coecke van Aelst's The Prodigal Son at the Whores (Venice, Museo Correr) (see below) and in two paintings attributed to the Master of the Female Half Figures (location unknown, see below). (D. Heartz. "Au pres de vous -- Claudin's chanson and the commerce of publishers' 'arrangements'." Journal of the American Musicological Society 24 [1971] 214-222, notes [p. 215] that the flutist's music book exactly reproduces the Superius of Claudin de Sermisy's "Au pres de vour," in the à 4 version [Attaignant, Chansons nouvelles ... 1527]; Komma p. 93 [fair reproduction], as Flemish, ca. 1530; J. de la Monneraye and R. A. Weigert. Paris. Paris 1968. opp. p. 16 [ok color reproduction]; B. de Montgolfier. La Musée Carnavalet, l'histoire de Paris illustrée. Paris 1986. p. 26 [color reproduction], as mid-16th century; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 41; C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 14 [poor reproduction]; exh Paris, Petit Palais, 1965-66: Le XVIe siècle européen. Peintures et dessins dans les collections publiques françaises. no. 358, p. 292 [small reproduction]; Paris au XVIe siècle et sous le règne d'Henri IV. Salles permanentes du Musée Carnavalet. = Bulletin du Musée Carnavalet 32 [1979] nos. 1-2 , p. 12 [fine color reproduction]; MGG II, Taf. 33/2 [poor reproduction, as illustrative of a performance of a chanson]; Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 16 [1959] fig. 20 after p. 32; Early Music 7 [1979] 6; Musica calendar 1984: 16-29 September [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 375.F915.90[i]) Note copy: School of Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen (1500-1559). Group Eating and Making Music on the Bank of the Seine. Budapest SM. (C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 15; T. Gerszi. Bruegel and his Age [Budapest MFA]. Transl. L. Halapy. Budapest 1970. pl. 3 and 4 [detail])
[Pa location unknown] Flemish (Antwerp), mid-16th century. The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots. location unknown. They are having a picnic. There is an unplayed lute on the ground. (Hacker sale, Helbing, Munich, 25.II.1907, no. 115; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 11 [minuscule reproduction], as ca. 1550's)
[Bol Dr] Bol, Hans (1534-1593). Banqueting Scene in a Garden/The Parable of the Prodigal Son (1570). location unknown. drawing. The foreground scene represents the Prodigal Son among the whores and includes a woman playing a lute and a man playing a flute. On the ground there are a lute case (open) lying on top of a flute case, a generic woodwind instrument (probably intended to represent a recorder) and an open music book. (C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 12 [ok reproduction])
[Bol-Momper Pr] Bartholomeus de Momper after _______. Feast in a Garden Pavilion/The Parable of the Prodigal Son (1559). engraving (from two plates). The principal scene depicts the Prodigal Son among the whores. Outside the pavilion a woman plays a lute. On the ground beside her there are a lute case (open), a flute case, a flute and a recorder. Inside the pavilion a woman plays a virginal and men play flute and shawm. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 218, p. 53 [useless reproduction]; Gitarre & Laute II/3 [May-June 1980] 28-29 [fine reproduction])
[Coecke van Aelst Pa] Coecke van Aelst, Pieter (1502-1550). The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots. Venice Correr. The Prodigal sings and two of the whores play lute and flute. These figures also appear in the Franco-Flemish painting of the Parable of the Prodigal Son in the Musée Carnavalet (see above). (G. Marlier. Ambrosius Benson ... Damme 1957. cat. no. 167, pl. LXIV, as in the style of Ambrosius Benson, a hybrid Flemish-Italian work; C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 19, as ca. 1550; Die Weltkunst 29, no. 24 [15.XII.1959] 13 [before after restoration])
[F Hogenberg Pr] Hogenberg, Frans (fl. 1558-1590). The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots. etching and engraving. Figures around a table in an enclosed garden. One of the whores plays a lute as one of the men embraces her. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 119 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Master HB Pa] Master HB (doc. 1563), attr. The Prodigal Son with a Whore. Brussels MRBA. He embraces the whore as a servant makes a bed in the background. Among the numerous symbolic objects there is a very prominent lute leaning against a 3-legged chair and an open music book on the table. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 87. Notes is an allegory of Lust.; Oud-Holland 90 [1976] 163) Previously attr. Joachim Beuckalaer (ca.1533-p.1575).
[Master of the Prodigal Son Pa] Master of the Prodigal Son (op. ca. 1530-1560). The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Vienna KH. Includes two rather tattered figures playing flute/fife and deep drum, and a crippled beggar with a lute on his back. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 6, as ca. 1550; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 71; G. Marlier. "L'Atelier du Maître du Fils Produgue." in Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1961, pp. 75-112, this reproduced p. 76, as Antwerp artist, op. mid-16th century; Vis. Coll. 374.1.C596.25P, as by Hendrik III von Cleve)
[F I Pourbus Pa] Pourbus, Frans I (1545-1581), attr. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Antwerp, Museum Mayer van den Bergh. The foreground depicts the Prodigal feasting with harlots. Around a table women play lute and flute and a man plays a shawm as a man and a woman read from a (music) book. There is a lute on the ground beside the figure of the Idle Man (the Prodigal?), who holds up a small music book. (B. Haak. The Golden Age... New York 1985. p. 89; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 43; exh The Hague 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 53 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Minneapolis Institute of Arts Bulletin 61 [1974] 80 [ok reproduction])
[F I Pourbus Pa] _______. The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots. Nîmes MBA. In a brothel a couple dances and a woman plays a virginal and a man plays a lute. (van Dijck-Koopman. no 35)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots, from a Prodigal Son series. engraving, with the caption "Et venere et baccho bona decoquit omnia natus." Outdoors, beneath an arbor. Includes harlots playing lute and cittern, the Prodigal (holding a tazza) embracing a harlot holding a violin or viola da braccio, a wine pourer, a servant adding up the tab and the Kramer (entering, doffing his hat). (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 583, p. 198; Simiolus 16 [1986] 132 [small reproduction]) [M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Prodigal Son Feasting with Harlots. engraving (tondo). Includes five principal figures: Harlots playing violin, lute and flute, the Prodigal and another harlot. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 589, p. 199 [small reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 39, p. 90 [small reproduction])
[M de Vos-Anon. Pr] Anonymous artist after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Return of the Prodigal Son, from Typus divinae indulgentia atque misericordiae/Examples of Repentant Sinners from the Old and New Testament. engraving. In the background the Prodigal and harlots dine al fresco beside a pergola. A woman plays a lute and a man plays a flute (? -- not clear). (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1143, p. 109)
Parables -- Wise and Foolish Virgins: [A Francken-Collaert Pr] Adriaen Collaert (ca.1560-1618) after Ambrosius Francken (1544-1618) (attr.). The Wise and Foolish Virgins. engraving. The Foolish Virgins play lute and tambourine. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 [1975] 48 [small reproduction])
[H I Francken Pa] Francken, Hieronymous (Jerome) I (1540-1610). The Wise and Foolish Virgins. Warsaw MN. The Foolish Virgins play small virginal, tiny viola da braccio and lute. There is also a lute player in the painting on the wall. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 33)
[M de Vos-J Goltzius Pr] Juilus Goltzius (doc.1587-m.ca.1595) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). The Wise and Foolish Virgins (one plate). engraving. One of the Foolish Virgins sings and another plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 606, p. 204)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1597-1670) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Foolish Virgins at a Ball, from a series of the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins (title and seven plates). engraving. Women play keyboard (clavichord?) and lute and dance with a jingle ring. A couple dances. (Hollstein [Dutch] XV, no. 126, p. 142; Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 601, p. 203; van Dijck-Koopman no. 28 [small reproduction]; Kinsky p. 117 [poor reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 57, p. 107) Also wood engraving by Christoffel van Sichem (1577-1658), from 't schat der zielen. Amsterdam, Pieter I P(aets), 1648, p. 266. (van Dijck-Koopman 1987, no. 66)
Passion Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
St. Anthony: [Pa El Escorial] Flemish, 16th century. The Temptation of St. Anthony. El Escorial. Grotesques play lute and "nose trumpet." Others hold a bagpipe and dangle a clapper bell. (El Escorial ... Madrid 1967. fig. 349 [ok color reproduction])
[Bles Pa] Bles, Herri met de (op. second third, 16th century), Pseudo. The Temptation of St. Anthony. Vienna KH. A man carries a lute and a grotesque plays a harp. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 61)
[Bles Pa] _______. The Temptation of St. Anthony. location unknown. Among the several musical figures, a grotesque has a small lute under his arm. (Friedländer XIII [1975], no. 78, pl. 40)
[P I Bruegel Dr] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), attr. The Temptation of St. Anthony. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. Includes figures playing lute and two straight trumpets (one in a boat, another riding a horse). (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 30, p. 153; K. T. Parker. Catalogue of the Collection of Drawings in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford 1938. vol. I, pl. VII) Engraved by Pieter van der Heyden (ca.1530?-m.after March 1572) and published by Hieronymus Cock (1556). (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 138; Lavalleye pl. 34 [fine reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek: no. 26, p. 75 [ok reproduction])
[P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (ca.1520-ca.1584). The Temptation of St. Anthony. Antwerp, Museum Mayer van den Bergh. Includes grotesques with harp and lute (carried) and a trumpeter in the stocks playing a curvy trumpet. (Castelli Demoniaco. pll. 64-65)
[P Huys Pa] _______. The Temptation of St. Anthony. New York Metropolitan. Includes a grotesque carrying a lute. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 72 [poor reproduction]; 1980 catalog: European Paintings ... no. 15.133, p. 364 [minuscule reproduction] [1995 edition the same, but a bit clearer])
[M de Vos Pa] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). The Temptation of St. Anthony. Antwerp KMSK. There is a dangling curved horn and grotesques playing lute, shawm (nose shawm) and straight trumpet. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 100; Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Bulletin 17 [1968] 131 [ok reproduction])
[M de Vos-Anon. Pr] Anon. after Maarten de Vos. The Temptation of St. Anthony. engraving. A slightly grotesque dwarf plays a hurdy-gurdy. There is a grotesque figure with a "nose shawm" and a lute slung on its hip, and a rodent-like animal with another "nose shawm." (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1081, p. 89)
St. Cecilia: [M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-ca.1600) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). St. Cecilia/"Caecilia et cantum spernens ..." from Speculum pudicitiae .../The Mirror of Chastity, a series of Chaste Women (18 plates). engraving. She is surrounded by numerous musical instruments, including a lute. unimp. (Hollstein XLVI no. 952, p. 65; Mirimonde Sainte Cécile. pl. 102a; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 25, p. 74 [small reproduction])
St. John the Baptist: [Balten Pa] Balten, Pieter (1525-1598). St. John the Baptist Preaching. Gateshead, Shipley Art Gallery. The audience includes a hunter (with dogs) with a curved horn hung from a strap, and a gentleman holding a lute behind his back and embracing a lady. (Burlington 121 [1979] 399, notes exhibit, Alan Jacobs Gallery, London: Dutch and Flemish 16th and 17th Century Paintings from the Shipley Collection)
St. Mary Magdalene: [Hogenberg Pr] Hogenberg, Frans (fl. 1558-1590). The Worldly Life of St. Mary Magdalene. etching. Includes a woman with a lute and an open lute case. The principal figures are Children of Venus. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 121 [not exhibited])
Other: [Ta art market] Flemish (Tournai?), second quarter, 16th century. St. Ursula Receiving the Ambassadors. New York art market (1980). tapestry. Includes a woman playing a lute. (Apollo 112 [1980] September ad p. 2 [fine color reproduction -- unfortunately either the tapestry or the photo is cropped, only the top half of the lute is visible])
[Mandyn Pa] Mandyn, Jan (1500-1560). St. Christopher. Munich AP. Includes a grotesque playing a lute with its foot and tail. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 49 [ok reproduction])
[Mandyn Pa] _______. St. Christopher. Lugano art market (1971). There are unplayed lute and drum and a grotesque blowing a straight trumpet. (Burlington 113 [1971] February ad p. lxi)
Apollo: [BI Louvain 1547] Anon. Apollo and the Muses. woodcut. Passe-partout vignette of the Louvain publisher Pierre Phalèse. A rather un-Apollonian Apollo plays a lute, surrounded by Muses singing and playing bass viol, harp, bladder pipe, crumhorn, flute, recorder and cornett. (MGG II, cols. 1075-76, title page of Des Ch_sons Reduictz en Tabulature de Lvt ... 1547 [small reproduction, but clear]; others in Besseler Musik p. 255 [ok reproduction]; E. Closson et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 103; Dufourcq Musique vol. I, p. 124; Komma p. 93; MGG X, col. 1182 [late impression, very worn])
Apollo and Pan/Marsyas: [Spranger Pa] Spranger, Bartholomeus (1546-1611), attr. Apollo and Pan. Nuremberg GNM. Apollo has a viola da braccio. There are also a lute, a cornett (?) and a music book. (1937 catalog: Die Gemälde des 13. bis 16. Jahrhunderts. Ed. E. Lutzke and E. Wiegand. no. 394)
Gods, Feast of the: [Floris Pa] Floris, Frans (1519/20-1570). Feast of the Gods. Brussels art market (1961). Figures play bass viol and lute (cittern pegbox, tuning). (sale, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, 17-19.X.1961 [fair reproducton]) Copy (as Frans Francken II): Ernst Museum sale, Budapest, 21.II.1921.
Hercules: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
Muses: See also Allegory, War and Peace; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Balls.
[Floris Pa] Floris, Frans (1519/20-1570). Minerva Visiting the Muses. Condé-sur-Escaut, Hôtel-de-ville. One of the Muses plays a lute (back view, only head and neck visible). very unimp for lute. (C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. S193, Afb. 102, as probably a late work; exh Paris, Petit Palais, 1965-66: Le XVIe siècle européen: peintures et dessins dans les collections publiques françaises. 2/Paris 1965. no. 142, p. 110; Burlington 108 [1966] 231; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 137)
[Floris Circle Dr] Floris, Frans (1519/20-1570), Circle of. Apollo and the Muses. Budapest SM. drawing. Includes several unplayed musical instruments, among them, a lute. (1971 catalog of sixteenth-century Netherlands drawings, no. 87, p. 90. Notes probably done after a 1565 engraving by Frans Huys after Floris)
[F I Francken Pa] Francken, Frans I (1542-1616). Glorification of the Renaissance. Berlin art market (1912). Includes several of the Muses making music, including one with a lute. unimp. (Hildebrandt sale, Lepke, Berlin, May 1912)
[Hoefnagel-Sadeler Pr] Sadeler (which?) after Joris Hoefnagel (1545-1600). Hermathena. engraving. Mercury and Minerva/Pallas Athena do a rather sexy pas-de-deux in the foreground. The Muses, in the background, at the base of Mt. Helicon, sing and play positive organ, double bass, viola, lute, shawm (?), two straight trumpets (Clio holds hers) and triangle. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 132)
[M de Vos Pa] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). Apollo and the Muses. Brussels MRBA. painting on the lid of a virginal. One of the Muses plays a lute. (Dufourcq La Musique. vol. I, pp. 150-151; van Dijck-Koopman no. 27; Musica calendar 1962: 3-16 June [fine reproduction]; Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 16 [1959] fig. 28 after p. 32; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 140 [ok reproduction], 141 [the virginal]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.V921.4A) Copied on a cembalo cum octave spinet of Johannes Ruckers (Antwerp 1619) in Brussels, Musée des Instruments de Musique, no. 2935. (MGG VII, Taf. 45; van Dijck-Koopman no. 85)
[M de Vos-Anon. Pr] Terpsichore, from a Nine Muses series. engraving. She holds a violin/viola (rather imaginatively depicted) and there is a lute at her feet. In the background there are female figures dancing and making music, including two (?) lute players. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1302, p. 167 [small reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 3e, p. 52 [ok reproduction], as Philips Galle after Vos)
THERPSICHORE affectus citharis mouet, imperat vrget
Other: [Ta Boston MFA] Flemish, second quarter, 16th century. Zeus and Danae. Boston MFA. tapestry. Includes attendants of Danae playing fiddle, harp and lute. (A. S. Cavallo. Tapestries of Europe and Colonial Peru in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston 1967. vol. II, pl. 25)
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Banquets.
[BI Antwerp 1553] Nicolai, Arnaud (doc.1550-1596). Allegorical figures before the Palace of Love, from Hernando de Acuña, El Cavallero determinado. Antwerp, Jan Steelsius, 1553. woodcut. Three couples in the Palace of Love include two ladies playing (separately) harp and lute. Above them men play two flutes (right and left handed), two shawms (?), trombone and perhaps one or two more instruments. (A. J. J. Delen. Oude Vlaamsche Graphiek. Antwerp 1943. unnumbered page. On the next page he reproduces an engraved version published in Antwerp, Plantijnsche drukkerij, 1591, where the wind ensemble seems to include a flute [very long], another very long flute or perhaps a bassoon of some sort, and three or four shawms.)
Ages of Man: See also Allegory, Planets.
[M de Vos-N de Bruyn Pr] Nicolaes de Bruyn (1571-1656) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). "XX, Musica Bacchus Amor gaudet," from a Nine Ages of Man series. engraving. A man and a woman promenade in a garden as she plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1467, p. 226)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1564-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). "Adolescentia amori" (1596), from a Four Ages of Man series. engraving. Includes a handsome youth playing a lute as he is admonished by Venus and while Amor takes aim with his bow and arrow. Beside Venus is a cello or a viol and beside the youth there are several books and musical instruments: cittern, flute, pommer (?), recorder and cornett. In the background a woman plays a double bass as a couple dances. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1458, p. 222; Mirimonde Alchemie. pl. 83, p. 146; exh Pittsburg, The Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 5, p. 16 [ok reproduction])
[M de Vos-R Sadeler Pr] Raphael I Sadeler (1560/61-ca.1628 or 1632) after Maarten de Vos. "Amor," from a Four Ages of Man (Amor, Labor, Honor, Dolor) series. engraving. A youth in classical costume plays a lute. In the background elegant company in a formal garden includes figures singing and playing bass viol, lute and flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1462, p. 224; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 322 [small reproduction]) Another version, by an anonymous Dutch engraver after de Vos (?) (Muziek & Grafiek. no. 16, p. 65 [ok reproduction]).
Elements: [M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1564-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). Terra/Earth, from a Four Elements series. engraving. The personifications are a man playing a lute and a woman singing. Among the many objects on the table in front of them are a cittern, a flute, a recorder and a cornett. In the background there are a woman playing a bass viol and men playing lute and flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1353, p. 185; P. Fischer. Music in Paintings of the Low Countries in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Amsterdam 1975. p. 34 [ok reproduction], as ca. 1590; Hirth no. 1422 [ok reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 107 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 61, p. 109 [small reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... p. 24 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Early Music 10 [1982] 249 [fair reproduction])
Harmony: See also Portraits, Genre Portraits and Conversation Pieces.
Heaven/Hell: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
[Bles Pa] Bles, Herry Met de (op. second third, 16th century). Hell. Vienna KH Inv. no. 5691. Includes an unplayed lute standing on top of a self-playing bagpipe. (Friedländer XIII, no. 85, pl. 42)
[M de Vos-J Wierix Pr] Johan (Jan) Wierix (1549-1615) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Heaven, from The Four Last Things. engraving. Includes four groups of musicians. In the one in the left foreground two children sing and women play double bass, harp, lute, psaltery, flute and one other musical instrument. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1241, p. 141)
Life and Death: [P I Bruegel] Bruegel, Pieter I (ca.1525/30-1569). The Triumph of Death. Madrid Prado. A woman sings and a dying man plays a lute (a flute and case of flutes beside him) as Death fiddles behind him. Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy, violin (?) and kettledrum. Skeletons ring a large bell hung from a tree. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 40 [detail]; B. Claessens and J. Rousseau. Our Bruegel. Antwerp 1969. p. 204 [fair color reproduction], p. 207 [ok detail of Death and the lovers]; F. Grossmann. Bruegel: The Paintings. London 2/1966. pl. 20 [whole], pl. 25 [detail of Death and the lovers]. 3/1973 as Pieter Bruegel. Complete Edition of the Paintings. pl. 32 [whole], pl. 34 [detail with Death, the lovers, and the skeleton playing kettledrums]; R. H. Marijnissen. Bruegel de Oude. Brussels 1969. p. 47 [ok color reproduction]; R. H. Marijnissen. Bruegel. New York 1971. p. 133 [superb color detail of Death and the lovers, but without the flutes] F. Sopeña and A. Gallego. La musica en el museo del Prado. Madrid 1971. p. 99 [splendid color detail of the singer and the lute player]; W. Stechow. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. New York n.d. p. 11 [fair color reproduction], p. 17 [clear color detail of Death and the lovers]; Newsweek. Great Museums of the World. Prado. New York 1968. pp.136-137 [fine color reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 330 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B833.4T)
[Stradanus-R I Sadeler Pr] Raphael I Sadeler after Johannes Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523-1605). "O mors qvam amara est memoria tva"/O Death, how bitter is thy Memory (Ecclesiasticus 41, 1). engraving. A banquet is accompanied by musicians playing a small, long-necked lute and a flute, as Death enters and a woman keels over, dead. (Muziek & Grafiek. no. 32, p. 83)
Love and Sex: [Broeck Pa] Broeck, Crispijn van den (1523/24-a.1591), attr. Amorous Banquet beside the Fountain of Love. private collection. Men play lute (left handed) and flute (faun?). A woman holds a cittern. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 340)
[F Huys Pr] Huys, Frans (ca.1522-1562). "Meester Ian Slecht Hoot"/Master John Blockhead. engraving. Includes a man playing a lute, and two woman carrying unstrung lutes. There is also a closed lute case. (Hollstein [Dutch] IX, no.31, p. 164 [poor reproduction]; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 5, p. 64 [ok reproduction], as by Frans Huys after an unknown artist; K. Moxey. Peasants, Warriors and Wives ... Chicago 1989. p. 51; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 53, p. 105 [ok reproduction], as Frans Huys after Cornelis Metsys) There is an anonymous painting after this (the lute of the central woman is strung) (private collection). (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 65; Friedländer XIII, no. 55, pl. 28, as The Jealous Peasant Wife, as by Cornelis Massys) There is an anonymous etching after this, pub. Claes Jansz. Visscher. The central woman's lute is strung. The other woman's lute is only partly visible. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 65 [small reproduction])
Months/Zodiac: [Ta Kansas City Nelson] Flemish (Brussels -- Andreas Mattens?), 16th century. April/Taurus, from a Mois Lucas series. Kansas City, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. tapestry. In the foreground a man and a woman sing and women play dulcimer and lute. In the background there is a flute player standing in a boat. (E. A. Standen. "Drawings for the 'Months of Lucas' tapestry series." Master Drawings 9 [1971] 6)
[Ta private collection] Flemish (Brussels, atelier Willem de Pannemaker), 16th century. April/Taurus, from a Mois Lucas series. private collection. tapestry. In the foreground a man and a woman sing and women play dulcimer and lute. In the backgroud there is a flute player standing in a boat. (M. Ffoulke. The Ffoulke Collection of Tapestries. New York 1913. opp. p. 54)
[Bol-Collaert Pr] Adriaen Collaert (ca.1560-1618) after Hans Bol (1534-1593). May/Gemini, from a Twelve Months series. engraving. Includes a woman playing a lute and a flute case on the ground. (Hollstein [Dutch] IV no.5, p. 206 [tiny reproduction]; Hirth no. 1149 [ok reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 150; exh Pittsburgh, The Frick Art Museum, 1968: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. p. 13 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited], also reproduces a painting after this [Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art], cat. no. 3, p. 12) The group including the lute player also appears in a painting by Jacob Grimmer (1525-1590) dated 1588. Brussels art market. (Die Weltkunst 57 [1987] 319)
[Borcht Pr] Borcht, Pieter IV van den (1545-1608). May, from a Twelve Months series. engraving. Figures include a woman playing a lute. There are also two lutes in the musical trophies in the border in frames on separate plates by Lucas van Duetechum (fl.1554-m.a.1584). (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 383, p. 101 [useless reproduction])
[Floris-Deutechum Pr] Johannes (Jan) van Doetechum (fl.1554-a.1600) after Frans Floris (1519/20-1570). Maius/May from a Twelve Months series. engraving. Includes a female singer, a very muscular woman playing a lute and a man (?) playing a flute. This has the same border with the two lutes, attributed to Lucas van Duetechum, as the van den Borcht entry, above. (exh Rotterdam BvB, Prentenkabinet, 1965 : Zuid Nederlandse Grafiek uit de 16. eeuw. no.107, pl. 20. Notes that the border was first done here and then added to the van den Borcht, but this seems backwards to me.)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). May, from a Twelve Months series. engraving (tondo). Includes a couple in a boat playing lute (the woman) and flute (the man). (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1446, p. 218 [small reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 145 [ok reproduction]; Utrecht CM 1952 catalog: Catalogus der schilderijen. cat. no. 901, pl. 148; Musica calendar 1985: 19 May-1 June [fine reproduction])
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Claeissens Pa] Claeissens, Antoon (doc.1558-1613). Mars Surrounded by the Arts and Sciences (1605). Bruges, Musée Comunal des Beaux-Arts. Includes a woman playing a pommer and an unplayed lute. (Leppert Theme. no. 118, pl. XV [ok reproduction]; Catalogus Schilderijen 15de en 16de Eeuw. Ed. D. DeVos. Bruges 1979. no. 0.680, p. 115 [fair reproduction, with a good bit of commentary and bibliography])
[Floris-Cort Pr] Cornelis Cort (ca. 1530-1578) after Frans Floris (1519/20-1570). Musica/Music, from a Seven Liberal Arts series. engraving. A woman plays a virginal and two men play lutes. There is also a large number of unplayed musical instruments. (R. M. Haas. Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931/R 1949. p. 132; van Dijk-Koopman no. 23; C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. no. P121, Afb. 274, as engraving after a painting of ca. 1556; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 6, p. 56 [ok reproduction]; Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Bulletin 13 [1964] 184)
[Floris-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Frans Floris. Musica, from a Seven Liberal Arts series. engraving. Women play cittern and lute. Men play harp, bagpipe, flute and shawm. There are three miscellaneous flutes on the table. The instruments are poorly depicted. (R. M. Haas. Aufführungspraxis der Musik. Potsdam 1931/R 1949. p. 115; C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. no. P132, Afb. 285; exh Rotterdam BVB Prentenkabinet, 1965: Zuid-Nederlandse grafiek uit de zestiende eeuw. no. 5, pl. 22)
[Floris-Master HIV] Monogrammist HIV after Frans Floris (1519/20-1570). Musica, from a Liberal Arts series. engraving. The personification plays a lute. There are several unplayed musical instruments. She is really ugly. There are a number of unplayed musical instruments around her feet: viol (and bow), harp, flute, flute case with flutes, recorder, tiny shawm plus music books and sheet. (C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. P111, Afb. 257; Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no.52, p. 184, as Hieronymus Cock after Vos, probably 1550 or 1551; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 4, p. 55 [ok reproduction], as Hieronymus Cock after Vos)
Vis mea et hvmanas, menteis et numina raptat
[Heere Pa] Heere, Lucas de (1534-1584), attr. The Arts in Time of War. Turin, Pinacoteca. In time of war the Arts sleep. Here Mercury comes to waken them. Music is represented by a small viol and lute (head and neck only visible -- rather paltry symbolism). (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 34; exh Bruges, Musée Communale des Beaux-Arts; Venice, Palazzo Ducale, 1951: I Fiamminghi e l'Italia. no. 33, pl. XLIV, as Frans Floris; Burlington 93 [1951] 326; Vis. Coll. 374.1.F666.4Ar)
[Hele Pa] Hele, Abraham der (1534-1598). The Seven Liberal Arts. Munich AP. The personification of Music has a lute. Unplayed: clavichord (?), violin, bass viol (?) and bow, trumpet. (van Dijk-Koopman no. 29)
[M de Vos Dr] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). Musica. Antwerp, Stedelijk Prentenkabinet. drawing. The personification plays a lute (reading music?). Not played: violin, cornett. (Muziek & Grafiek. p. 20 [not exhibited]; 1938 catalog [Musée Plantin-Moretus]: Dessins anciens. no. 62, pl. XI; Musica calendar, 1983: 7-20 August [fine reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.F666.4[a]27, as Frans I Floris)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). Music, from a Liberal Arts series. engraving. The personification plays a lute, with an unplayed cittern, pommer and cornett at her feet. In the background at the right a man and a woman promenade, both playing lutes. In the background at the left figures play flute, cornett and two more. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1514, p. 245)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-ca.1600) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Musica, from a Liberal Arts series. engraving. The personification plays a lute. There are numerous unplayed instruments. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII, no. 552, p. 155; Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1524, p. 248; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 5, p. 55 [ok reproduction])
Planets: See also Emblems (Mercury).
[A de Bruyn Pr] Bruyn, Abraham de (1538/39-1587?). Mercurius/Mercury (1569). engraving. Among the artifacts of Mercury are a tenor viol, a harp, a lute, a straight trumpet (?) and a frame drum. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 8)
[Hemessen Pa] Hemessen, Jan Sanders van (ca.1504-a.1566), attr. The Children of Venus. London art market (1955) (ex coll. Sir Kenneth Clark). A man beside a table plays a flute. A lutenist accompanies dancers/promenaders. A pair of lovers sing, a lute and flute (?) lying beside them. A street singer has a sort of mandolin (?). The painting is large and the musical details are very small. (G. A. Trottein. "The Children of Venus in late Medieval and Renaissance Iconography." Diss. Univ. of Illinois. 1986. fig. 74, as ca. 1550; Howard sale, Sotheby's, 25.XI.1955)
[M de Vos-A Collaert Pr] Adriaen II Collaert (ca.1550-1618), after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Children of Venus/Youth, from a series of the Seven Planets and the Seven Ages of Man (1581). engraving. Young women play cittern and lute and two young women sing. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1368, p. 189 [small reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 77, p. 136 [ok reproduction])
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1564-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). The Children of Venus, from a Seven Planets series. engraving. A couple dances or promenades, accompanied by musicians playing shawm and trumpet or two trumpets. Among four figures seated on the ground, a man plays a lute and a woman plays a cittern or a lute. Two other couples (not peasants) dance a livlier dance accompanied by a bagpiper. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no.1375, p. 191 [small reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-ca.1600) after Maarten de Vos. The Children of Venus from a Seven Planets series (1585). engraving. In a panoramic landscape. Includes two groups with musicians: one with a harper and a woman and two men singing; the other with a woman playing a lute and men playing bass viol, lute and flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1385, p. 195; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 76, p. 135 [ok reproduction])
Seasons: See also Allegory, Other.
[Bol Dr/Pr] Bol, Hans (1534-1593). "Ver"/Spring, from a Four Seasons series (1573). Braunschweig HAUM. drawing. Women sing, hold a violin and play a lute. A man plays a flute. (Die Weltkunst 58 [1988] 102 [small reproduction]) Engraving by Justus Sadeler (1572 or 1579 or 1783-ca.1620) (Hirth no. 1118)
[Bol Dr] _______. Spring, presumably from a Four Seasons series. Florence, Uffizi, Print Room. drawing. A garden scene, including a lute leaning against a post (small detail). (exh Florence, Uffizi, 1964: Mostra di disegni fiamminghi e olandesi. cat. no. 27, pl. 26, as ca.1580)
[Bol Pr] _______. Spring, presumably from a Four Seasons series. engraving. Includes a woman in a boat playing a lute. (C. G. Boerner, Düsseldorf, Catalog no. 46 [1967], no. 176, pl. XLII [poor reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (ca.1515-1569). Spring (1565). Vienna Albertina. drawing. In the background a man plays a bass viol and another, separately -- a reclining man with his head in a lady's lap, the "Idle Man" -- plays a lute. (E. Benesch, ed. Otto Benesch. Collected Writings. vol. II. London, New York, 1971. fig. 221; H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 64, p. 189; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.B833.4Sp) Engraved, probably by Pieter van der Heyden (pub. H. Cock, 1570). (C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 15; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 4, p. 58 [ok reproduction]; Veldman Seasons pp. 159-60; Lavalleye pl. 144 [fine reproduction]; exh Pittsburgh, The Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight. Ed K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 1, p. 8 [with minuscule reproductions of the drawing and the painting]) Painting after this sold Sotheby's 6.VII.1966 (Burlington Magazine 108 [1966] June ad p. xx; Ibid. 104 [1962] 595)
Martius, Aprilis, Maius, sunt tempora veris.
Vere Venus gaudet florentibus aurea fertis
[M de Vos-N de Bruyn Pr] Nicolaes de Bruyn (ca.1570-1635?) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). "Ver"/Spring, from a Four Seasons series. engraving. Includes figures beneath a pavilion playing cittern (right handed) and lute (left handed). (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, no. 190, p. 23 [small, useless reproduction]; Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1404, p. 202; exh Pittsburgh, The Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight. Ed K. J. Hellerstedt. p. 11 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 61 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]). There is also an engraving by Julius Goltzius (doc.1575-m.ca.1595) (seems clearly after the Bruyn) with only a few figures under the pavilion. Here the musical instruments both look like little lutes. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1412, p. 206. Text vol. XLIV, p. 281 suggests the Goltzius is earlier, but "the hypothesis remains for proof." Indeed.)
[M de Vos-P I de Jode Pr] Pieter I de Jode (1570-1634) after Maarten de Vos. Spring from a Four Seasons series (Winter missing). engraving. Includes a couple dancing beside a balustrade, accompanied by a woman playing a double bass and men playing a tenor viola and a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1416, p. 208)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1564-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). "Ver Veneris"/Spring from a Four Seasons series. engraving. Includes a couple dancing accompanied by a man playing a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1420, p. 210; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 136 [ok reproducton])
[M de Vos-Anon. Pr] Anon. after Maarten de Vos. "Aestas"/Summer, from a Four Seasons series. engraving. This is similar and related to the Hearing, from a Five Senses series by Raphael I Sadeler after Maarten de Vos (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII, no. 200, p. 205). The personification plays a lute and there are numerous musical instruments surrounding her. In the left background a couple dances, the man playing a lute. There is also a seated couple, she playing a lute (? -- back view) and he playing a flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1425, p. 212)
Senses: See also Allegory, Vanitas; Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[Floris-Cort Pr] Cornelis Cort (ca. 1530-1578) after Frans Floris (1519/20-1570). Auditvs sersorivm exterivs est avris et crassvs qvidam ... /Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving (pub. Hieronymus Cock). The personification ("Avditvs") tunes a lute. There are music books and a large number of unplayed musical instruments: positive organ, violin, cello (fretted, with bow), bagpipe, case of flutes, recorder, reed cornett, cornett, trumpet and large frame drum. (IB vol. 52, no. 232, p. 266 [ok reproduction]; J. A. Riggs. Hieronymus Cock ... Printmaker and Publisher in Antwerp. Ann Arbor 1976. no. 83, p. 331; C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. P136, Afb. 289; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 8, p. 59 [ok reproduction]; exh Braunschweig HAUM, 1978: Die Sprache der Bilder. cat. no. 10b, p. 68)
[F I Francken Pa] Francken, Frans I (1542-1616). The Five Senses. Toulouse, Musée des Augustins. Five female figures around an outdoor table. The personification of Hearing plays a lute. (exh 1960: Le peinture flamande. no. 32, pl. IX [fair reproduction])
[L van Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch, Lucas van (ca. 1535-1597). Allegorical Banquet (Five Senses?). private collection. Figures play tenor viola da braccio, double bass, harp, lute and flute. (exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 212, p. 403, as ca. 1580)
[M de Vos Pa] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). Five Ladies (the Five Senses) in a Cabinet d'amateur. private collection. The lady representing Hearing plays a lute. (J. Magnin. Un cabinet d'amateur parisien en 1922. Collection Maurice Magnin. n.p., n.d. vol. I, before p. 177)
[M de Vos-N de Bruyn Pr] Nicolaes de Bruyn (ca.1571-1656) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. The personification has a lute and is surrounded by unplayed musical instruments: bass viol (?), cittern, lyre, pommer, cornett and trumpet. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1489, p. 234)
[M de Vos-de Bry Pr] Jan (Johann) Theodor de Bry (1561-1623), attr., after a design probably by Maarten de Vos. Man Receiving Gifts from the Five Senses. engraved print from the engraved design on a tazza bowl (London V & A). The personification of Hearing plays a lute (back view, as is customary for nude lute players). (Burlington 95 [1953] 125 [fair reproduction]) Cf. Adriaen Collaert (ca.1560-1618) after Adam van Noort (1561-164-). Man Receiving Gifts from the Five Senses. engraving. (H. Kauffmann. "Die Fünfsinne in der niederländischen Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts." H. Tintelnot, ed. Kunstgeschichtliche Studien [FS Dagobert Frey]. Breslau 1943. Abb. 28, as ca.1590; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak. p. 114 [not exhibited]; Cologne, Kunstgewerbe Museum. Catalog no. 1: Glas. Cologne 1973. pl. 13) There is an etched glass beaker (Riesengebirge, late 17th century) based on this in Cologne, Kunstgewerbe Museum. (Catalog no. 1: Glas. Cologne 1973. pl. 10, 12 [wax impression]) There was an engraved glass crystal footed beaker by Rudolf I Schwanberger based on this on the Munich art market, 1979 (Die Weltkunst 49 [1979] 2559).
[M de Vos-A Collaert Pr] Adriaen I Collaert (ca.1560-1618) after Maarten de Vos. Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. The personification plays a lute, surrounded by a viol, cittern, harp, lyre, case of flutes and cornett. The instruments are rather crudely depicted. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1494, p. 236; and [reversed] no. 1499, p. 239; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 7, p. 60 [ok reproduction]) There is another engraving, after this, by Gregorius Fentzel (op. ca. 1650). (Early Music 6 [1978] 143; Musica calendar, 1970: 31 May-13 June [fine reproduction])
[M de Vos-Cool Pr] Pieter Cool (17th century) after Maarten de Vos. Hearing from a Five Senses series. engraving. The personification plays a lute, with a pommer and a trumpet on her lap. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1503, p. 241)
[M de Vos-R Sadeler Pr] Raphael I Sadeler (1561-ca.1628) after Maarten de Vos. Hearing, from a Five Senses series. engraving. The personification tunes a lute, surrounded by musical instruments including double bass, cittern, lyre, bagpipe, a case of flutes, cornett and trumpet. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII no. 200, p. 205; XLVI no. 1508, p. 243)
Temperaments: [M de Vos-P I de Jode Pr] Pieter I de Jode (1570-1634) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Sanguineus, from a Five (sic) Temperaments series. engraving. The personifications play a lute (the man) and sing (the woman). In the background dancers beneath a tree are accompanied by a lute player. (Hollstein [Dutch] IX no.101?, p. 205; XLVI no. 1478, p. 230; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 109 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 62, p. 109 [small reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak ... p. 24 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; Early Music 10 [1982] 285 [poor reproduction])
[M de Vos-R I Sadeler Pr] Raphael I Sadeler (1561-ca.1628) after Maarten de Vos. Sanguineus, from a Four Temperaments series. engraving. At the right two couples dance accompanied by a bagpiper. In the right background, at the edge of a woods, two couples dance accompanied by a man and a woman (?) playing lutes. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII no. 194, p. 204 [small reproduction]; Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1482, p. 232; exh Pittsburgh, Frick Art Museum, 1968: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 6, p. 18 [ok reproduction]) There is another engraving by Hieronymus Lederer (m.1615), which also has a lute in one of the border trophies. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXI no. 5, p. 151)
Triumph/Victory: See also Allegory, Life and Death (Triumph of Death); Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[P I Bruegel-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Pieter I Bruegel (1528-1569). The Triumph of Time (1574). engraving. Among the objects on the ground are a viol, a lute and a trumpet. Fame on an elephant blows a straight trumpet. (IB vol. 54 Supp., no. 5601.081, p. 312, as Time Consuming Everything but Fame; Lavalleye pl. 169 [fine reproduction]; van Marle Iconograhie vol. II, p. 136 [fair reproduction])
Vanitas: See also Vice/Virtue.
[Pa Vitoria Museum] Flemish, 16th century. Vanitas Allegory. Vitoria, Museum. A lute-playing putto sits beside a skull and in front of broken chunks of a building. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.F6216.90[d])
[Pa Warsaw NM] Netherlands, first half, 16th century. Allegory. Warsaw MN, on long-term loan from Wroclaw, Town Hall (ex Breslau, Silesian Museum of Arts and Crafts). A portrait/allegory, with a man holding a skull and mirror (reflecting the skull). A woman pays a lute and there is a small oblong music book on the table. (Warsaw MN 1969 catalog II: Catalogue of Paintings -- Foreign Schools. no. 1587 [fair reproduction], notes it repeats a well-known composition attr. Master of the Female Half-Figures [no location])
[Congnent Pa] Congnent, Gillis (1538-1599). Vanitas. Paris Louvre. Includes a cavalier holding a pearl, with a cittern under his arm, and an unplayed lute and a large frame drum. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 122)
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] Master of the Female Half Figures (op. first half, 16th century). Vanitas. location unknown. Includes a courtesan with a lute and a tiny music book on a table. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 119)
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Vanitas. Cologne art market (1989). A woman holds a lute and a man holds a skull and a mirror (in which the woman, lute and skull are reflected). There is a music sheet with vague notation on the table in front of her. (Die Weltkunst 59 [1989] 289 [small reproduction], as ca.1550. Notes reproduction in H. Wichmann. Kunst und Kunsthandwerk im Hause Wichmann.)
[Stradanus Dr] Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523-1605). Vanitas (1594). Haarlem, Teyler Museum. drawing. On the wall, flanking a painting of Adam and Eve Expelled from Paradise, there are a viola da braccio and a lute. (Burlington 134 [1992] 122 [small reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 92 [1978] 120)
[M de Vos Dr] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). Vanitas. Budapest SM. drawing. Includes numerous musical instruments, including a lute. With symbols of the Five Senses. (1971 catalog of Netherlands drawings, no. 313, p. 325)
Vice/Virtue: [BI Antwerp 1541] Anon. The Consequences of Wine Drinking, from Nicolaus Brontius Duacense, Libellus compendiarum tum virtutis edispiscendae tum literarum. Antwerp 1541. woodcut. A brothel scene, with musicians playing lute and pipe and tabor. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. p. 122. Regner translates the latin text on the facing page to the effect that too much wine drinking leads to unchaste love; Venus is the principal problem of too much drinking.)
[Ta art market] Flemish (Brussels), ca. 1530. The Building of the Chariot of Prudence, from a set of the Virtues. London art market (1958). tapestry. A putto on a pedestal or a statuary putto plays a fiddle. Below him is a trophy of harp and lute. unimp. (Duc de Meppem sale, Sotheby's, London, 17.X.1958; Burlington 100 [1958] October ad p. vii [poor reproduction])
[Broeck-Wierix Pr] Jan Wierix (ca. 1549-ca1618) after Crispijn van den Broeck (1523/24-by 1591). The Choice of Hercules. engraving. Includes figures playing violin, lute and two flutes, with a tenor bowed stringed instrument, a lute and a woodwind instrument (shawm?) on the ground beside them (small background details). (E. Panofsky. Hercules am Scheidewege. Leipzig 1930. pl. 40)
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (ca.1525/30-1569). Temperantia/Temperance, from a Seven Virtues series. Rotterdam BvB. drawing. Includes a choir accompanied by musicians playing positive organ, lute, bagpipe, two shawms, cornett and trombone (?). There are also a number of unplayed instruments on the ground, including a fiddle, a harp, a lute (beneath the organ) and a case of flutes (beneath the organist). (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 51, p. 174; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.B833.4Te) Engraving by Philips Galle (1559). (Komma p. 95 [fair reproduction]; Lavalleye pl. 68 [fine reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 27, p. 78)
[P I Bruegel-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Pieter I Bruegel. Patientia. engraving. pub. Hieronymus Cock, 1557. Includes a ballad singer (with a shawm[?] hung from his shoulder) on a nag with a small bell, and figures with fiddle, lute (grotesque, playing it with its feet), harp (on the back of a bird) and handbell (frog?). There is a bell hung from a tree. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 136; Lavalleye pl. 35 [fine reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569). Superbia/Pride, from a Seven Vices series. Paris, Institut Néerlandais, Fondation Custodia (Coll. F. Lugt). drawing. Includes a lute hanging outside a (barber?) shop. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 35, p. 158; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.B833) Engraving by Philips Galle. (Lavalleye pl. 43 [fine reproduction])
[A Francken-Wierix Pr] Jan Wierix (ca.1549-ca.1618) or Jerome Wierix (ca.1553-1619) after Ambrosius Francken (1544-1618) (attr.). A Triumph (of Noon). engraving. Temeritas brandishes a lute and a tambourine. There is a small frame drum underfoot. A child dances to a jingle ring and a woman plays a flute. The horse of Temeritas has a collar of pellet bells. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 [1975] 48 [small reproduction])
[Jode Pr] Jode, Gerard de (1509 or 1517-1591) (publisher and artist?). To Squander Time is to Lose Heaven, from the series The Use and Abuse of Time. engraving. In the center foreground, a man plays a lute and a woman plays a flute. At a table, with a fool, a man plays a harp. A figure holding a cittern is being dragged into Hell. (Simiolus 21 [1992] 247)
[M de Vos-Mallery Pr] Karel van Mallery (ca. 1576-ca.1631) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). "Divitiæ"/Wealth brings forth Pride, from The Cycle of Vicissitudes of Human Life ... no. 2. engraving. Figures in a formal garden, including a man playing lute and a woman (?) singing. A Venus picture. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1267, p. 151)
[M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (1564-1637) after Maarten de Vos. "Heu male sana cohors ..."/The People of Nineveh Feasting under a Pergola, from The Story of Jonah (Jonah 1: 2), no. 1. engraving. Includes three singers and men playing two lutes (one partly visible) and a woman playing a flute. In the background there are also figures playing three wind instruments. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 142, p. 70 [small reproduction]; exh Pittsburgh, The Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 11, p. 32 [ok reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Maarten de Vos. "Crapula et lascivia." engraving. Includes a pair of lovers on the floor, the woman playing a lute, and a reveller with a plucked stringed instrument (violin-shaped corpus, lute head, four strings). It is a Five Senses picture. (Hollstein [Dutch] XVI, no. 1275, p. 155; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 119 [ok reproduction]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. 1, tav. 258; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 43, p. 93 [ok reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler after Maarten de Vos. "Creuit in immensum ..."/The Perniciousness of Man, from the series Bonorum et malorum consensio (the story of the family of Seth, Genesis 6: 1-8) (1586). engraving. In the left foreground semi-nude figures on a garden terrace include women singing and playing cittern and flute. Men sing and hold a lute (partly visible). In the right background there is a lute payer. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 49, p. 24, notes also an engraving by Crispijn I de Passe which condenses the scene in the upper right; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 41, p. 91; exh Pittsburgh, The Frick Art Museum, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... Ed. K. J. Hellerstedt. no. 10, p. 30 [ok reproduction])
War and Peace: See also Allegory, Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts.
Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
[Balten Pa] Balten, Pieter (1525-1598). Allegorical Confrontation. private collection. Two groups of people fighting: bundled-up peasants and well-dressed, aristocratic young people, including one about to bash one of the peasants over the head with a lute. (Brussels MRBA Bulletin 14 [1965] 132, as Le printemps chasse l'hiver. The "winters" are the peasants; the "springs" are more elegant. It's a class war.) Variant: 1965 opening exhibit of the Old Masters Gallery, New York. catalog p. 9 (fair color reproduction).
[Stradanus-R Sadeler Pr] Raphael Sadeler (1560/61-ca.1628 or 1632) after Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523-1605). Litterae, from Schema seu speculum principium (1597). engraving. Apollo (holding a lyre) with symbols of the Arts and Sciences, including a lute placed on music and astrology books. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 131; J. A. F. Orbaen. "Italie en de Nederlanden bij eenige Prenten." Feest-Bundel Dr Abraham Bredius ... Amsterdam 1915. pp. 215-220, this repr. pl. 88; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 129c, p. 233) The drawing for this is in the Teyler Museum, Haarlem (Florence. Kunsthistorisches Institut. Mitteilungen 8 [1957-59] p. 107)
[Stradanus-R Sadeler Pr] _______. Nuptiae, from Schema seu speculum principium (1597). engraving. Includes a banquet and dance with musicians, including the player of a small lute. (exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 129e, p. 235)
[Candid Pa] Candid, Peter (Pieter de Witte/Wit) (Pietro Candido) (1540/48-1628). "Iuventus sapit." Munich SgS. drawing. Includes unplayed positive organ and lute. (exh Munich SgS, 1979: Peter Candid, Zeichnungen. Ed. B. Volk-Knüttel. cat. no. 100, Abb. 70, Farbtafel 5 [nice color reproduction]. Design for the ceiling of the "Goldener Saal' of the Augsburg Rathaus [commissioned in 1619].)
[BI Antwerp 1566] Anon. "Industria naturam corrigit," from Joannes Sambucus, Emblemata ... Antwerp, Christopher Plantin, 1566. woodcut. Mercury (as a teacher of lute-playing) plays a lute (he plays it on his lap like a zither -- some teacher!). A robed man also plays a lute as a woman dances. An emblem of improving one's natural gifts through industrious practice. (A. Henkel and E. Schöne. Emblemata ... Stuttgart 1967. col. 1774)
[BI Antwerp 1566] _______. "Degeneres. Theca loquitur." A man plays a lute, with a lute case at his feet. An emblem to the effect that you are what you do, not what you come from. (A. Henkel and E. Schöne. Emblemata ... Stuttgart 1967. cols. 1301-02)
[Pa Paris Fondation Custodia] Flemish, 16th century ("Master of the 1540's"). Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute. Paris, Fondation Custodia (Coll. F. Lugt), Institut Néerlandais. She has a parrot on her shoulder. (Friedländer XIII, no. 266A, pl. 130 [ok reproduction])
[Pa Philadelphia Johnson] Flemish artist working in England?, 16th century. Portrait of a Married Couple (1534). Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Johnson Collection. He hands her a huge lute (back view); she perhaps gingerly touches its strings. Between them, on the wall (placed thus above the lute), is a shelf with an hourglass and a Bible. (exh Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum, 1986: Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. p. 285 [not exhibited]; 1913 catalog, vol. II. ed. W. R. Valentiner. no. 392, p. 267 [ok reproduction]; 1972 catalog p. 176, notes coats of arms are possibly English; perhaps by a Flemish artist working in England)
[Floris Pa] Floris, Frans (1519/20-1570), attr. The van Berchem Family. Lier, Wuyts-Van Campen and Baron Caroly Museums. Includes a woman playing a pentagonal spinet and a man playing a lute. An allegory of a harmonious marriage. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 22; Friedländer XIII, no. 177, pl. 87; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. no. 26; Lesure pl. 12 [English], pl. 14 [German]; Pincherle p. 54; C. van de Velde. Frans Floris ... Brussels 1975. cat. no. 150, Afb. 78, with large bibliography; L. van Puyvelde. "Floris ou Key? Le portrait de la famille van Berchem." Brussels MRBA Bulletin 14 [1965] 197-204, this reproduced pp. 200-201, with detail of lute left hand and fingerboard p. 168. Puyvelde doubts the authenticity of the customary date of 1561, and prefers the alternative attribution to Adrien Key. No one knows who the family is; Van Berchem is merely a tradition in the family who owned it.; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak, p. 183 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Haarlem 1986. Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. p. 45 [not exhibited]; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 46 [ok color reproduction, not exhibited])
[Hemessen Pa] Hemessen, Jan Sanders van (ca.1504-before 1566). Portrait of a Young Woman with a Lute. New York art market (1956). Probably a portrait of a woman as Mary Magdalen. There is the customary chalice-like ointment jar. She holds her lute in her right hand and turns the page of a music book with her left. (V. Bloch. "A lute player by Jan van Hemessen." Burlington 98 [1956] 445-446, painting reproduced p. 447 [fair reproduction], as ca.1530. The cut-out portion in the upper left, depicting Christ talking to a woman, was in the collection of Max Friedländer and is also reproduced here, p. 447.)
[Master of the Female Half-Figures Pa] Master of the Female Half Figures (op. first half, 16th century) Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. Bonn RLM. She seems to be the same sitter as in the Schloss Meiningen trio. (Friedländer XII, no. 102, pl. 44; D. Heartz. "Mary Magdalen, lutenist." Journal of the Lute Society of America 5 [1972] pl. A facing p. 57. Notes that the music is a French two-voice version of "Si j'ayme mon amy" in tabulature. He dates the whole series as ca.1515-25 by an artist working in Paris.; Weber sale, Berlin 1912 [ok reproduction])
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. Hamburg KH. (Friedländer XII, no. 98, pl. 44 [small reproduction]; Heartz [see Bonn entry] pl. C; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 323)
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. (ex?) Hannover NSLM Landesgalerie. (Heartz [See Bonn entry] pl. B, as private collection, Brussels, ex Hannover Provincial Museum. Notes that the music is a French two-voice version of "Si j'ayme mon amy" in tabulature, a few beats from being complete. He also notes a second piece of music beneath the first, which is the beginning of the Superius part of Claudin de Sermisy's "Jouissance vous donneray."; Friedländer XII, no. 99, as A. De Witte collection, Courtrai; Pincherle p. 52 [fine reproduction]; R. Wangermée. La musique flamande ... Brussels 1965. pl. 72 [fine color reproduction]; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 61, as de Witte Collection, Courtrai; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M391.60[c]) There seems to be a virtually identical copy (the left hand little finger in Hannover is transparent and the music shows through) in a private collection (exh Brussels, MRBA, 1963: Le siècle de Brueghel. no. 245, p. 96; Coll. J. C. H. Heldring sale, Sotheby's, London, March 1963; Connoisseur 154 [1963] November ad p. lxv [Brussels art market]) Or are they the same painting?
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. Rotterdam BvB. (Friedländer XII, no. 101, pl. 44 [small reproduction]; Heartz [see Bonn entry], pl. E. Notes that this is the one version where "Si j'ayme mon amy" is complete. He presents a transcription p. 61 and a complete text with English translation pp. 59-60; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M391.38M[c])
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. Turin, Pinacoteca. There is a lute case on the wall. She resembles the sitter in the Schloss Meiningen trio. (Friedländer XII, no. 103, pl. 44; Heartz [see Bonn entry], pl. B; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M391.60[i])
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute as Mary Magdalen. Cologne art market (1983). Includes, beside the customary ointment jar, a covered pottery beaker and a candle. (sale, Lempertz, Cologne, 23-26.XI.1983; Die Weltkunst 53 [1983] 3110 [small reproduction])
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______. Portrait of a Man Playing a Lute. Paris art market (1951). (sale Charpentier, Paris. IV.25.1951 [fine reproduction])
[F I Pourbus Pa] Pourbus, Frans I (1545-1581). The Hoefnagel Family (1571). Brussels MRBA. A man and a boy hold music books. A couple dances. A woman plays a spinet and two men play lutes of unequal sizes. There may be one other instrumentalist. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 151; van Dijck-Koopman. no. 36; P. Fierens. I'Art en Belgique. Brussels n.d. p. 254 [ok reproduction]; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein im Taunus 1968. p. 24; M. Praz. Conversation Pieces ... University Park PA 1971. p. 233; E. de Jongh. Portretten van echt en trouw ... [exh Haarlem 1968]. p. 44 [not exhibited]; MgB III/9, Abb. 61)
[Ms Münster WLM] Flemish? (Liège?), 16th century. Border of musical instruments from a Missal for the Bishop of Liège (1562). Münster WLM. manuscript illumination. The main illumination is the Ascension of Christ. The border presents myriad musical instruments, including a lute. (exh Münster, Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 255, p. 496; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 42 [1979] 107, as Liège, 1560)
[BI Louvain 1547] Anon. A Lute, colophon vignette from Pierre Phalese, Carminum quae chely vel testudine canuntur. Louvain, Phalese, 1547. woodcut. (Early Music 13 [1985] 268)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johannes (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Title page of Boni et mali scientia ... (1583). engraving. With musical trophies, including a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 25, p. 13)
Balls: [Ta Florence Uffizi] Flemish (Brussels), second half, 16th century. Reception of the Polish Ambassadors, from the Valois Tapestries series. Florence Uffizi. tapestry. The dancers are accompanied by "Muses" playing three large viols (of slightly different sizes), a lute (small body, long neck -- not well depicted) and a cornett. There were doubtless more on the other side of the pile of rocks representing Mount Parnassus. Apollo at the top plays a lyre. (H. M. Brown and J. Lascelle. Musical Iconography ... Cambridge MA 1972. p. 105 [poor reproduction]; Winternitz Musical Instruments. pl. 95 [detail of the musicians], as ca. 1585; F. Yates. The Valois Tapestries. London 1959. pl. IV [poor reproduction], pl. 24 [detail of the musicians]; The New Grove vol. 5, p. 188, as 1582-84, as Festivities in a Garden in honour of the Polish Ambassadors)
Fairs/Festivals: [Bol Pa] Bol, Hans (1534-1593). The Kermesse of St. George. London art market. Includes figures in a cart: in front a bagpiper, in the back a man playing a lute and a woman singing (?). There is also a man holding a bagpipe, a handbell ringer and an unplayed (child's?) frame drum. (Burlington 116 [December 1974] Notable Works pl. XV)
Garden Parties: See also New Testament, Parables -- Prodigal Son; Allegory, Love and Sex.
[Dr London BM] Flemish, mid-16th century. A Party Dining and Feasting in a Garden (The Prodigal Son among the Whores?). London BM 1864-5-14-251. drawing. A man holds a lute and drinks from a "flute" glass, another plays a flute, and two men and a woman sing from a single music book (the flute player looks on). Costume ca. 1550. (British Museum. Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists. London 1915-1932. vol. V, pl. LXXXI, as perhaps by Lambert van Noort (ca.1520-1570/71); Vis. Coll. 374.1d.F6216.91[a])
[Ta Madrid?] Flemish, second half, 16th century. Scene in the Gardens of an Estate. Madrid? tapestry. Includes a man and a woman singing and a man playing a lute. (Göbel I/2, pl. 152 [useless reproduction], text I/1, pp. 172-73)
[F I Francken Pa] Francken, Frans I (1542-1616). Figures on a Terrace. London art market (1951). Includes a woman serenading with her lute. (sale, Christie's, London, 2.VIII.1951)
[M van Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch, Martin van (1535-1622). Fête in a Park. Tourcoing, Musée Municipal. An architecture and garden fantasy. Lute players all over the place (other musicians also). (Leppert Theme. pl. XXX, as replica of a painting in Orléans MBA, based on an engraving of Nicolas de Bruyn after David Vinckboons)
Landscapes: [Dr Chatsworth]. Flemish, 16th century. Duck Pond, Buildings and Seated Figures. private collection (Chatsworth, Duke of Devonshire). drawing. Includes figures playing lute, flute, and treble recorder (?). (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. No. A46,7, p. 225 [ok reproduction], as "Meister der Kleinen Landschaften"; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.B635.80[e], as Hans Bol?)
[L van Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch, Lucas van (ca. 1535-1597). Landscape with Figures. Gothenburg, Konstmuseum. Includes a picnic with a woman playing a lute. (Gothenburg, Konstmuseum. Göteborgs Konstmuseum. 103 Mälningar. Ed. A. Westholm and N. Ryndel. Stockholm 1951. no. 3)
Street Scenes: [CI Antwerp 1568] Hogenberg, Franz (op.1558-1590). Uprising of the Calvinists in Antwerp, 1568. engraving. Includes a violin or viol and two lutes hanging from a pole outside a third-story dormer (indicating the shop of a luthier?). (Hirth no. 1110)
Tournaments: [Ta Florence Uffizi] Flemish (Brussels), second half, 16th century. Tournament of the Knights of Great Britain and Ireland, Bayonne, 1565, from the Valois Tapestries series. Florence Uffizi. tapestry. Includes one group of four mounted trumpeters, one group of three mounted trumpeters and a kettledrummer; and, in the center background, at the right, a group of ladies with bowed and plucked instruments, including a tenor viol (played across the chest) and a lute and, at the left, a group of little nude boys (a pack of little Amors) with cittern, lyre (?) and tambourine (and perhaps more). (R. Strong. Splendour at Court, Renaissance Spectacle and the Theater of Power. Boston 1973. pl. X, pp. 146-147 [fine color reproduction]; F. Yates. The Valois Tapestries. London 1959. pl. II [poor reproduction])
Other: [L van Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch, Lucas van (ca. 1535-1597). Emperor Rudolf II Taking the Waters at a Spa. Vienna KH. Includes a musician playing a lute. (MgB III/9, Abb. 101, p. 149; Alte und moderne Kunst 9/H.75 [1964] 33)
Balls (and Dances): [F I Francken Pa] Francken, Frans I (1542-1616). The Bride goes to Dance. Antwerp, Museum Mayer van den Bergh, cat. 917. Musicians play cittern and two lutes of unequal size. There may be two more. Among the revellers bursting in through the curtained door is one brandishing a lute. (Leppert Theme no. 200, pl. XXIX [ok reproduction])
[F I Francken Pa] _______. Ball. Brussels art market (1958). The dancers are accompanied by two groups of musicians, at least one of which includes a lute player. (sale, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, 19-21.II.1958 [poor reproduction])
[H I Francken Pa] Francken, Hieronymous (Jerome) I (1540-1610). Ball in Venice (Carnival) (1565). Aachen, Suermondt Museum. Ladies play clavichord (?) and lute as two men sing (?). There is also a comedian reveller prancing along, playing a lute. (van Dijk-Koopman no. 32; U. Härting. Frans Francken der Jüngere ... Freren 1989. p. 19 [small reproduction]; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz ... Amsterdam 1970. fig. 102; G. van der Osten and H. Vey. Painting and Sculpture in Germany and the Netherlands, 1500-1600. Harmondsworth 1969. no. 295; MgB IV/4, p. 157 [color reproduction]; exh Château de Sceaux and Brussels, Palais des Beaux-Arts, 1962: Ile de France et Brabant. cat. no. 215, pl. XIX; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 107; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 64 [1964] 279; Vis. Coll. 374.1.F858.90[a])
[H I Francken Pa] _______. Carnival Ball. Karlsruhe SK. The dancers are accompanied by musicians playing two violins, harp, lute and flute. (W. Flemming. Deutsche Kultur im Zeitalter des Barock. Potsdam 1937. p. 213; MgB IV/4, p. 44 [poor reproduction])
[H I Francken Pa] _______. Ball. Stockholm, University, Institute of Art History. Includes a couple dancing and a woman playing a virginal and a man playing a lute. (van Dijk-Koopman no. 31, suggests that the dancers are Henry II and his mother, Catherine de'Medici and that the woman at the virginal is Mary Stuart, wife of François II; U. Härting. Frans Francken der Jüngere ... Freren 1989. color pl. 1 opp. p. 40, p. 177 as collabortion of Hieronymus I and II; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 61 [1963] 156, as "Un Bal à la cour de Fontanebleau")
Banquets: [Ne Landen, Ste. Gertrude] Flemish, 16th century. Feast Celebrating the Betrothal of Gertrude, daughter of Pépin of Landen. Landen, Église Ste. Gertrude. needlework medallion from a chausible. Only six figures. One plays a flute and another holds a lute. It looks like any other little group around a table. (Histoire des environs de Bruxelles, II. Brussels 1971. p. 240)
Parties/Music Parties: [A Francken Dr] Francken, Ambrosius (1544-1618), attr. Music Party. Stuttgart WSG, Graphische Sammlung no. 1599. Women conduct and play clavichord (?), bass viol and cittern (?). Men play double bass and lute. Unplayed: viola, lute and at least one woodwind. (van Dijk-Koopman. no. 34)
[Matsys Pa] Matsys (Massys), Jan (1509/11-1575/80). Merry Company. Stockholm NM. Women sing (?) and play lute and cittern. A man plays a flute. Brothel scene. (Friedländer XIII, no. 45, pl. 23 [ok reproduction]; MgB III/9, p. 83 [ok reproduction])
[Winghe Pa] Winghe, Joos (Joducus) van (1544-1603). Nocturnal Feast and Masquerade. Brussels MRBA. A woman plays a positive organ and men have a lute and sing. Revellers "play" grate ("plucked') and bellows and fire tongs. (R.-A. d'Hulst. "Nieuwe Gegevens omtrent Joos van Winghe als Schilder en Tekenaar." Brussels MRBA Bulletin 4 [1955] 239-248, this reproduced p. 242 [tiny reproduction]; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 106; G. Poensgen. "Ein nächtliche Zechgelage des Joducus a Winghe." Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst 59 [1925-26] 324-330; K. Renger. "Joos van Winghes 'Nachtbancket met een Mascarade' und verwandte Darstellungen." Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen 14 [1972] 161-193; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 64 [1964] 277; Vis. Coll. 374.1.W725.90[a]) Drawing in Dresden Staatliche Kunstsammlungen (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 69; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 4 [1955] 240 [tiny reproduction]). Engraved by Johannes I Sadeler (1588) (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 6, p. 67 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 44, p. 94 [ok reproduction]; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 4 [1955] 240). A painting, probably after the engraving, Amsterdam RM (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror p. 69; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 4 [1955] 241 [tiny reproduction])
[Winghe Pa] _______, attr, Music Party. private collection. Women sing and play virginal and lute. A man plays a lute. Not played: Violin, harp, lute, recorder, pommer and trombone. In the background revellers are accompanied by a double bass and perhaps a plucked stringed instrument. (Brussels MRBA Bulletin 4 [1955] 245 [small reproduction])
Other: [BI Antwerp 1543] Anon. Susato presenting his work to Maria of Hungary, from the tenor partbook of his Vingt et six Chansons ... Antwerp, Tilman Susato, 1543. woodcut. There is a choir of ca. six men and one or two boys. There are also a virginal and a lute (not played). (MgB III/9, Abb. 92; van Dijck-Koopman no. 20)
Angels: [Ms Paris BN lat. 10,564] Bol, Hans (1534-1593). The Trinity, from a Book of Hours of François de France, duc d'Anjou (1582). Paris BN Ms lat. 10,564, fol. 8v. manuscript illumination. Angels sing and play viola da braccio, double bass, harp, lute and trumpet. unimp. (Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1970, p. 93 [small reproduction])
[Pa Trapani Museo Pepoli] Flemish, 16th century. Virgin and Child with the Infant St. John. Trapani, Museo Pepoli. A little angel plays a lute. Very prominent. (L. Biagi. Il R. Museo Pepoli in Trapani. Rome 1935. p. 38 [tiny reproduction])
[Pa Zaragoza Cathedral] Flemish, 16th century. Flemish, 16th century. Nativity. Zaragoza, Cathedral. Angels play small lute, tiny shawm (?), folded trumpet and triangle. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.F6216.30[b]3)
[G Benson Pa] Benson, Guillaume (doc. 1544-m.1574). Nativity. private collection. Angels, flanking the Christ Child, play lute (left) and recorder (right). (G. Marlier. Ambrosius Benson ... Damme 1957. cat. no. 200, pl. LXXVIII)
[G Benson Pa] _______. Triptych of the Virgin and Child, with musical angels in the wings. private collection. The angels play rebec (right wing) and lute (left wing). (G. Marlier. Ambrosius Benson ... Damme 1957. cat. no. 199, pl. LXXIX [small reproduction])
[Bles Pa] Bles, Herri met de (op. second third, 16th century), attr. Holy Family. location unknown. Angels play harp and lute. The instruments are both crudely depicted. very unimp. (Burlington 110 [1968] July ad p. iv [private sale])
[P I Bruegel Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), after. Christ in Limbo. engraving (pub. Hieronymus Cock). With eight musical angels, including one playing a lute. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 142; Lavalleye. pl. 116 [fine reproduction]; K. Meyer Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 320) Drawing: Vienna Albertina. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 55, p. 178 [ok reproduction])
[Candid Pa] Candid, Peter (Pieter de Witte/Wit) (Pietro Candido) (1540/48-1628). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Augsburg, S. Ulrich. Angels sing and play violin and lute (right), harp (left). (Budapest Jahrbuch 1927/28, p. 121) Drawing related to this in Budapest (Budapest Jahrbuch 1927/28, p. 120)
[Candid Pa] _______. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Boston MFA. Angels at the left play harp and lute (partly visible), and at the right, violin and a woodwind. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 97 [March 1981] La chronique des arts no. 1346, p. 32 [small reproduction])
[Candid Pa] _______. David Singing God's Praise. Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. Angels at the left play positive organ, lute and cornett. Angels at the right play viola da braccio, double bass and trombone. King David plays a harp. (P. Fischer. Music in Paintings of the Low Countries in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Amsterdam 1972. p. 27, 2/Amsterdam 1975. p. 22). Engraved by Johannes I Sadeler (1550-1600), with Lassus' four-part setting of Psalm 150: "Laudent Deum cithara" (Muziek & Grafiek. no. 23, p. 73 [ok reproduction]; Mirimonde Sainte Cécile. pl. 73) Drawing in Erlangen UB (exh Munich Sgs, 1979: Peter Candid, Zeichnungen. Ed. B. Volk-Knüttel. cat. no. 4, Abb. 101 [fine reproduction]) Drawing in Florence Uffizi. (J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 138; exh Munich SgS, 1979: Peter Candid, Zeichnungen. Ed. B. Volk-Knüttel. p. 32 [not exhibited]; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.W725.12D, as Jodocus van Winghe) Silver relief by Christoph Lencker after this. Formerly Rügenwalde (Darlowa). (P. Fischer. Music in Paintings of the Low Countries in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Amsterdam 1972. p. 30, 2/Amsterdam 1975)
[Candid Dr] _______. A Dominican Astonished by the Teachings of a Franciscan. no location. drawing. Basically a Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. The angels at the left play cittern, psaltery harp or dulcimer and trombone. The angels at the right play positive organ, harp and lute. (Vis. Coll. 374.1d.W788.38[a], no location)
[Coffermans Pa] Coffermans, Marcellus (a.1530-p.1578). Assumption of the Virgin. Berlin, Deutsches Museum. Many musical angels, includes one playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.C655.31A[a])
[Coffermans Pa] _______. Virgin and Child. Madrid, Museo Arquelogico. Angels hold a fiddle (left) and tune a lute (right). The angel with the fiddle is related to Memling's Virgin and Child in Vienna (KH) and Washington (NGA). The angel with the lute is copied after the Master of the Morrison Triptych Virgin and Child (Toledo OH). (Friedländer VII, p. 42 -- not illustrated). (Vis. Coll. 374.1.C655.34[a]1)
[Coffermans Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. (ex?) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Museum. Angels play fiddle, two (?) harps, lute and some sort of woodwind instrument (?). unimp. (1913 catalog of Flemish and Dutch Paintings. Ed. W. R. Valentiner. no. 396, p. 269 [not in the 1972 catalog]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.C655.31A)
[Spranger-Muller Pr] Jan Muller (1571-1628) after Bartolomeus Spranger (1546-1611). Adoration of the Shepherds. engraving. A shepherd has a bagpipe. Angels, above, play positive organ, harp, lute and woodwind (partly visible, cornett?). unimp. (IB vol. 4, no. 65, p. 498)
[M de Vos Dr] Vos, Maarten de (1532-1603). Coronation of the Virgin. Antwerp, Museum Plantin-Moretus. Angels play harp and two lutes. (Vis. Coll. 374.1d.V921.31C)
[M de Vos-Anon. Pr] Anon., after Maarten de Vos. Joy in Heaven at One Repentant Sinner, from Typus divinae indulgentiae atque misericordiae/Examples of Repentant Sinners from the Old and New Testament. engraving. Angels lead the procession, playing harp, lute (partly visible) and flute (narrow cylinder, partly visible). (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1146, p. 110)
[M de Vos-A Collaert Pr] Adriaen I Collaert (ca.1560-1618) after Maarten de Vos. Maria Magdalena, from Solitudo, sive vitae foeminarum anachontarum (24 plates of female hermits in landscapes). engraving. Angels play harp and lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 923, p. 59)
[M de Vos-H Goltzius Pr] Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617) after Maarten de Vos. Annunciation to the Virgin. engraving. Angels sing and play violin, lute and lyre. (Hollstein [Dutch] VIII no.349, p. 114 [tiny reproduction]; XLV no. 524, p. 183; IB vol. 3, no. 294, p. 261; W. L. Strauss. Hendrick Goltzius, The Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York 1977. no. 50)
[M de Vos-A Wierix Pr] Antonie Wierix (m.1624) after Maarten de Vos. "Salve Virginii flos intermerata .../Virgin and Child with Two Musical Angels (1584). engraving. The angels play cittern and lute. [Hollstein [Dutch] XLV no. 734, p. 245)
Comedians: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Balls.
[A Francken Dr] Francken, Ambrosius (1544-1618). Scene from the Commedia dell'arte. Amsterdam, Amsterdams Historisch Museum. drawing. One of the comedians plays a lute. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 96 [July-August 1980] La Chronique des arts no. 1389, p. 7 [small reproduction])
[A Francken Pa] _______, attr. Scene from the Commedia dell'arte. location unknown. One of the comedians brandishes a lute. (Oud-Holland 96 [1982] 193)
[F I Pourbus Pa] Pourbus, Frans I (1545-1581), attr. Scene with Comedians. Bayeux, Musée. One of them has a lute. (H. K. Morse. Elizabethan Pageantry. London 1934. pl. 28. Considers them courtiers playing at theater.)
Fools:[BI 's-Gravenhage 1642] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), after. Two Dancing Pilgrims, from Vertooninge Hoe de Pelegerimmen ... tot Meulebeeck danssen moeten ... 's-Gravenhage, Henricus Hondius, 1642. engraving. A fool plays a lute, a harp on his back and bells on his clothing. The other figure is a dancer with a cat on his shoulder. (Lavalleye pl. 121)
Grotesques: See also New Testament, Last Judgement; Saints, St. Anthony; Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (op. 1545-1571). The Tribulations of the Wise Men (Hermits). Brussels art market (1972). Grotesques carry a lute and play a straight trumpet. There is a bell hanging from a tree. (Burlington 114 [1972] April ad p. xciii, May ad p. xxxix)
Musicians (amateur and professional): [P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (op. 1545-1571). Revellers in a Bagpipe-Shaped Egg. Brussels art market (1930). Includes a singing lute player. Derived from Bosch. (sale, Fievez, Brussels, 8.IV.1930 [ok reproduction]; D. Bax. Hieronymus Bosch ... Rotterdam 1979. p. 258)
[C Massys Pr] Massys, Cornelis (ca. 1508-p.1584). Ornamental Panel with a Lute Player. engraving. (IB vol. 18, no. 55, p. 86, as "Ornamental Panel with a Guitarist" [!])
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] Master of the Female Half Figures (op. first half, 16th century). Three Women Making Music. private collection (Harrach Collection). They sing and play flute and lute. There is a lute case hanging on the wall. The opened partbook has the top part of the four-part chanson "Jouissance vous donneray," music by Claudin de Sermisy, text by Clément Marot, published by Attaingnant in Paris in 1531. (Besseler Musik p. 274 [poor reproduction], as ca. 1530; Friedländer XII no. 106, pl. 45; G. Glück. Die Harrachsche Bildergalerie. Vienna 1923. pl. 14 [fine reproduction]; G. Glück. Die Kunst der Renaissance in Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Frankreich. Berlin 1928 [ok reproduction]; G. Heinz. Katalog der Graf Harrach'schen Gemäldegalerie. Vienna 1960. frontispiece [color reproduction, not as good as the reproduction in Glück]; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 53; MgB III/9, Abb. 72, as ca. 1520; Cf. J. A. Parkinson. "A Chanson by Claudin de Sermisy." Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 16 [1959] fig. 18, after p. 32, as Anon.; J. A. Parkinson. "A Chanson by Claudin de Sermisy." Music and Letters 39 [1958] 118-122; MGG IV, cols. 343-4 [poor reproduction]; The New Grove vol. 6, p. 678; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M391.70[a]) There is a variant of this in Schloss Meiningen. (G. Voss. Bau- und Kunst-Denkmäler Thuringens. Herzogthum Sachsen-Meiningen, I/1. Jena 1909. opp. p. 180; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 57, as formerly Meiningen, Herzogliches Schloss) There is a rather awkward copy in St. Petersburg, Hermitage. (Hermitage. Les grands maîtres de la peinture. Paris 1958. pl. 83 [small reproduction]; N. N. Nikulin. Niderlandskaia zhivopis XV-XVI vekov v Ermitazhe. Leningrad 1972. pl. 78, p. 130 [fine detail of the partbook], pl. 77 [detail with the lute and flute]; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 55) There is another version in a private collection in Brazil (since 1955, 1953 on the Brussels art market). (Imago musicae 1 [1984] 59)
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______, attr. A Man, Two Ladies and a Fool. location unknown. The ladies play lute and flute, and the man gestures toward a music book. These also appear as the three central figures of the Franco-Flemish Parable of the Prodigal Son (Paris, Musée Carnavalet) (see above) and in Pieter Coecke van Aelst's The Prodigal Son at the Whores (Venice, Museo Correr) (see above). (C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 16 [fair reproduction], notes reproduction in Connaissance des Arts 35 [1955] 42, as School of the Brunswick Monogrammist)
[Master of the Female Half Figures Pa] _______, attr. Three Women and a Fool. location unknown. The women sing and play lute and flute. These are similar to the figures above and to the three central figures of the Franco-Flemish Parable of the Prodigal Son (Paris, Musée Carnavalet) (see above). The man is now a woman. (C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 17 [poor reproduction, apparently after the de Vassy sale, Amsterdam, Muller, X.20-27.1942, no. 60])
Putti: See also Allegory, Vanitas.
[C van den Broeck Dr] Broeck, Crispijn van den (1523/24- by 1591). Adoration of the Shepherds. London BM. drawing. Putti, above, sing and play a lute. (British Museum. Catalogue of Drawings by Dutch and Flemish Artists. London 1915-1932. vol. V, pl. XLVI)
[Coffermans Pa] [Coffermans Pa] Coffermans, Marcellus (a.1530-p.1578). Holy Family with Angels. York, Art Gallery. Putti play a little lute (left-handed) and a tiny recorder. unimp. (1951 catalog, vol. I, pl. 67, notes that the putti are the reverse of the putti in Mabuse's Virgin and Child [Palermo])
[M de Vos-A Collaert Pr] Adriaen II Collaert (ca.1550-1618) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Virgin and Child with St. Anne. engraving. Putti play tenor violin (?), lute, shawm and cornett. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 690, p. 232)