Status of January 2000

An Iconography of the Lute

Italian 16th century

PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.

However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to

Mary Rasmussen

Music Department

University of New Hampshire

Durham NH 03824 (USA)

I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry.

The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).

Many thanks to John Rogers and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.

**

I: Old Testament

Belshazzar: [Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). Belshazzar's Feast. Vienna KH. The banquet is accompanied by three women singing and men playing double bass, lute and a wind instrument. (E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 20 [small reproduction], pl. 23 [ok detail]; H. Tietze. Tintoretto: The Paintings and Drawings. London 1948. fig. 32 [small reproduction], fig. 45 [cropped detail], as ca. 1545; F. Valcanover and T. Pignatti. Tintoretto. Transl. R. E. Wolf. New York 1985. pl. 3, pp. 70-71 [fine color reproduction], as ca. 1544)

Triumph of David: [Palma Giovane Pa] Palma, Jacopo (Palma Giovane) (1544-1628). Triumph of David. Madrid Prado. One of the welcoming women has two tambourines. Others have lute and triangle. (A. E. Perez Sanchez. Pintura italiana del S. XVII en España. Madrid 1965. pl. 242)

Other: [Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). The Worship of the Golden Calf. Washington NGA. A woman playing a lute is among the worshippers. (H. Tietze. Tintoretto: The Paintings and Drawings. London 1948. fig. 288)

II: New Testament

Cana, Wedding at: [Setti Dr] Setti, Ercole (op. 1568-1589). The Wedding at Cana. Coll. H. M. the Queen, Royal Library, Windsor Castle. drawing. Musicians play violin/viola da braccio, bass viol/cello, treble viol/tenor viola, lute (? -- only a suggestion visible) (left handed), wind instrument (cornett or recorder). (Burlington 97 [1955] 254 [detail])

Parables -- Lazarus and the Rich Man: [J Bassano Pa] Bassano, Jacopo (ca. 1510/18-1592). Lazarus and the Rich Man. Cadiz, Museo Provincial. Men play a viola da braccio and a lute. A woman may sing. (Vis. Coll. 372.B297.25L) Engraving by J. and R. Sadeler (Die Weltkunst 48 [1978] 76)

[J Bassano Pa] _______. Lazarus and the Rich Man. Cleveland Museum of Art. Includes a man at the table holding a lute. (exh New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985: The Age of Caravaggio. no. 2, p. 53 [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B297.25L[a])

[J Bassano Dr] _______. Lazarus and the Rich Man. London BM. A cavalier at the table plays a lute. (I. A. Smirnova. Iakopo Bassano ... Moscow 1976. fig. XLVII, pl. 132)

III: Miscellaneous Religious Subjects

Virgin and Child: [Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Sacra conversazione (1552). Raleigh NC, North Carolina Museum of Art (Kress K.1570). A putto plays a cello. Not played: lute, recorder and tambourine. (F. R. Shapley. Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools XV-XVI Centuries. London 1968. fig. 360 [ok reproduction]; Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 39b [detail]; MGG XIII, Taf. 87 [fine detal]; Vis. Coll. 372.L272.34[a])

IV: Saints

St. Cecilia: [Parmigianino-Rosapina Pr] Francesco Rosapina (1762-ca.1841) after Parmigianino (Francesco Mazzola) (1503-1540). St. Cecilia. etching. St. Cecilia plays a chamber organ. Not played: violin, lute. unimp. (1969 addenda, vol. V of the catalog of the von Seilern Collection, text vol., fig. 68)

[Tibaldi Pa] Tibaldi, Pellegrino (1527-1596), attr. St. Cecilia and Two Musical Angels. Vienna KH. The saint sings and the angels play harp and lute. Not played: violin, small single-course lute, and a recorder under a tambourine. (A. P. de Mirimonde. Sainte Cécile ou les métamorphoses d'un thème musical. Geneva 1974. pl. 98; Imago musicale 1 [1984] 95, as by Antiveduto Grammatica?)

V: Mythology

Muses: [Po London V&A] Italian (Padua), ca. 1540. Apollo and the Muses. London V & A. majolica dish. One of the Muses has a lute. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica. no. 996, pl. 160 [useless reproduction])

[G Balducci Pa] Balducci [Giovanni? (op. second half, 16th century)]. Apollo and the Muses. Florence, Museo Bardini, Coll. Corsi. One of the Muses has a lute. (L. Berti. Il Principe dello Studiolo, Francesco I dei Medici e la fine del Rinascimento fiorentino. Florence [1967]. fig. 80 [detail])

[Penni-Ghisi Pr] Giorgio Ghisi after Luca Penni (1500/04-1556). Apollo and the Muses. engraving. One of the Muses has a lute. (IB vol. 31, no. 58, p. 124; no. 58-Copy A, p. 125; no. 58-Copy B [by Gasparo ab Avibus (Osello)], p. 126; Kinsky p. 112 [fair reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 135; Imago musicae 13 [1996] 86, [= IB no. 58-Copy B?] as by Jacopo Caraglio after Giovanni Battista Rosso, as Contest of the Muses and the Pierides). The easiest way to tell the various copies apart is to look at the bells and jingles on the tambourine.

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594), attr. Muses. Verona, Museo di Castelvecchio. Two of the Muses play lutes. (Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 106-107 [large color spread, but in the page crease]; L. Gianoli and G. Mascherpa. La pittura e la musica. Milan 1967. pl. XX [fine color reproduction]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. II, pl. opp. p. 16 [fine color reproduction]; Musica calendar, 1969: 10-23 August [fine color reproduction], as perhaps for the inside of a clavichord lid; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 63 [1964] 134 [poor reproduction], with location as Modena, as perhaps for a virginal lid)

[Tintoretto Pa] _______. Mercury and Minerva Presiding over the Muses, Arts, and Sciences. private collection. Two of the Muses play lutes. (Pincherle pp. 58-59 [fine color reproduction])

[Tintoretto Pa] _______. Muses. Coll. H. M. the Queen, Hampton Court Palace. One of the Muses plays a lute. (H. Tietze. Tintoretto: The Paintings and Drawings. London 1948. fig. 107) And note an oil sketch with the same lute player (private collection) (Tietze Tintoretto, fig. 108, as "One of the Muses, playing the viola"). The same figure, this time with an unidentifiable stringed instrument, is in the lower left-hand corner of his Hercules and The Muses (Indianapolis, The Clowes Fund) (E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 146 [fair reproduction]; Connoisseur 148 [1961] 5)

[Veronese Fr] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). Trompe l'oeil Figures in Niches (1561). Maser, Villa Volpi (formerly Barbaro), Sala a crociera. fresco. One of the figures (probably a Muse) tunes a lute. (Pignatti Veronese. cat. no. 97, pll. 226-233; G. Piovene. L'opera completa del Veronese. Milan 1968. Tav. XIII [color reproduction of the figure with the lute])

[Hondius-Zucchero Pr] Hendrik I Hondius (1573-ca.1649) after Taddeo Zuccaro (1529-1566). Muses/"Musarum officia" (1597). engraving. One of the Muses plays a lute. (Hollstein [Dutch] IX, p. 86; Kinsky p. 93)

Nymphs: [Micheli Pa] Micheli, Parrasio (a.1516-1578). Musical Nymphs and Fauns. location unknown. Two nymphs have lutes, one held, one being tuned. The fauns hold a renaissance fiddle and a small bass viol. (Ventura sale, Milan, Galleria Scopinich, 1932, pl. XXX [color reproduction])

Venus: [Micheli Pa] Micheli, Parrasio (a.1516-1578), attr. Venus as a Lute Player. Budapest SM. Amor has a music book and carries a laurel crown. This is the same lute player as the central figure in the allegorical group in Chicago, and is clearly a copy (the lute has no bridge, strings over the end of the soundboard, etc.). (A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 63; A. Venturi. Storia dell'arte italiana. Milan 1901-1940, R/New York 1967. vol. IX/4, pl.747 [miserable reproduction, at least in the reprint]; Musica calendar, 1975: 27 July - 9 August [fine color reproduction])

Other: [Micheli Pa] Micheli, Parrasio (a.1516-1578). Women and Fauns Making Music. ?location. A woman tunes a lute and another holds a bowed stringed instrument (a sort of cello?). Fauns hold a bowed (?) stringed instrument (partly visible) and a small cello (brandishing the bow). (A. Venturi. Storia dell'arte italiana. Milan 1901-1940, R/New York 1967. vol. IX/4, pl. 748, p. 1051 [miserable reproduction, at least in the reprint], with location London, Casa d'arte Bellesi)

[Piccinino Me] Piccinino, Lucio (op. ca. 1550-p.1589). Mythological Scene. Vienna KH? embossed and damascened helmet. Figures play lute and shawm. very unimp. (Connoisseur 124 [1949] 98. Notes exh. Tower of London, 1949: Armour and Arms from Austria.)

[Poccetti Fr] Poccetti, Bernardino (1548-1612). The Legend of Cupid and Psyche. Loggia, San Martino alla Palma, Villa Torrigiani. fresco. Banquet accompanied by musicians singing and playing lute and flute (?). (Vis. Coll. 372.P753.4[a]5)

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). Danaë. Lyon MBA. There is a lute (no pegs) lying face-down on a window sill. (E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 67 [ok reproduction]; C. Bernardi. L'Opera completa del Tintoretto. Milan 1970. no. 242 [minuscule reproduction]; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 54 [1991] 423)

VI: Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures

See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties, Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Street Scenes.

VII: Allegory

Fame: [G B d'Angeli] d'Angeli, Battista (Giovanni Battista) (ca.1514-ca.1573). Allegory of Fame. engraving. The personification holds a wreath and blows a straight trumpet, while balancing, Fortuna-like, on a sphere. In the lower left corner there is an unplayed lute among a group of symbolic objects (attributes of the vita activa and the vica contemplativa?). (IB vol. 32, no. 33, p. 306)

Fortuna: [Pr Anon.] Anon., 16th century "Arboro di frvtti della fortvna"/The Tree of the Fruits of Fortune. woodcut. Many objects in the branches of the tree (like Christmas presents), a very large proportion of them musical instruments, including a lute. A man below brandishes a lute. (Burlington 115 [1973] 212 [fair reproduction])

Geographical: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions.

Love and Sex: [Pa London NG] Italian, Venetian (16th century). The Garden of Love. (formerly?) London NG. A man pauses from his playing of a renaissance fiddle. There is a lute on the ground, beside an amorous couple. (National Gallery Illustrations: Italian Schools. London 1937, R/1950, p. 373, as Venetian, 15th-16th century; Vis. Coll. 372.It.115.4G) Not in National Gallery. Illustrated General Catalogue. rev. edn. London 1980; nor in The National Gallery. Complete Illustrated Catalogue. Ed. C. Baker and T. Henry. London 1995)

[M d'Angeli Pr] d'Angeli, Marco (1536-p.1586). The Garden of Love/"Quest' è il Giardin' del vago Dio d'Amore." engraving. Includes three women playing lutes. (IB vol. 32, no. 8, p. 319)

[Cerceau-Primaticcio Pr] Jacques Androuet du Cerceau (1510-1584) after Francesco Primaticcio (1504-1570)? Love Shooting his Arrows. engraving. Not played: viol (botched), lute (botched, scroll head, Cupid straddles its neck), flute (across a music book). In the border two youths blow large, reverse-curve trumpets. (F. Herbet. Les graveurs de l'école de Fontainebleau. Amsterdam 1969 [reproduction of the 1896-1902 edition], p. 159; exh New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery, 1986-87: The Art of Teaching ... Ed. P. Emison. cat. no. 29, p. 60)

Months: [Cellini Imitator Sc] Cellini, Benvenuto (1500-1571), Imitator. May/Gemini. Florence, Palazzo Pitti. low relief gold (?) plate. A man holds a flute. Unplayed: lute and case of flutes. (A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 143)

Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Schiavone Pa]  Schiavone, Andrea (ca.1510/15-1563). Allegory of Music. location unknown. The personification holds a renaissance fiddle/viola da braccio. Not played: positive organ, lute. (Kunstchronik 34 [1981] 359 [fair reproduction], as formerly Coll. Brass, Venice)

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). Allegory of Music. private collection. Includes a man holding a large (tenor size) renaissance fiddle or viola da braccio, a woman tuning a lute and a man (singer) with music. (E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 33 [fair reproduction])

[Veronese Fr] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). Allegory of Music (1556-57). Venice, Libreria Marciana, salone (originally for the Libreria Vecchia of San Marco). fresco. Women play a bass or contrabass viol and a lute. Another may sing. Cupid is sometimes said to play a keyboard instrument. (A. Bovero. Immagini dell'arte italiana attraverso i secoli, IV. Turin 1965. fig. 233; P. H. Osmond. Paolo Veronese, his Career and Work. London 1927. pl. 14 [poor reproduction]; T. Pignatti. Der Markusplatz in Venedig. Munich 1957. p. 158; Pignatti Veronese. cat. no. 63, pl. 126; G. Piovene. L'opera completa del Veronese. Milan 1968. Tav. II [fine color reproduction]; Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 6b; exh Venice, Cà Giustinian, 1939: Paolo Veronese. cat. no. 24)

Planets: [Pr Anon.] Italian (Venetian), 16th century. The Children of Venus. pub. Ferrara, Gabriele Giolito [i.e. Venice, Gabrieli Giolito de' Ferrari, 1533?] woodcut. A woman plays a lute and a man plays a harp, while another man holds a recorder. (Lippman pl. F.V; Mirimonde Astrologie pl. 73; Musica calendar, 1968: 20 April - 3 May [fine reproduction])

[Po London V&A] Italian (Urbino) ("Painter of the Myths in Modern Dress"), 1542. The Children of Venus. London V & A. majolica plate. A woman plays a lute and a man plays a harp, while another man holds a recorder. After the Venetian woodcut listed above. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 868, pl. 139 [tiny reproduction])

Temperaments: [Parmigianino Fr] Parmigianino (Francesco Mazzola) (1503-1540). The Four Temperaments. Parma, S. Giovanni Evangelista. fresco. Includes an unplayed lute and an unplayed frame drum. (M. Fagiolo dell'Arco. Il Parmigianino ... Rome 1970. figs 4, 18 [detail of the lute])

Other: [Pa private collection] N. Italian, ca. 1550-1560. Allegorical Group. private collection. A woman (courtesan) holds a lute (only the pegbox is visible) and points to a music book. A man (singing?) holds a recorder and glances heavenward. The other two figures gaze intently at one another. There is an unplayed hurdy-gurdy. Copy? The recorder sort of disappears into the music and the hurdy-gurdy is very badly depicted. (Tibia 3 [i.e. 4]/1 [1979] Kunstbeilage [fine color reproduction, cropped], as ca. 1520; Tibia 6/1-3 [1981] back covers [fair reproduction]; Tibia 7/1 [1982] back cover [fair reproduction]; Moeck calendar, 1980: April, as ca. 1520 [fine color reproduction, cropped])

[Micheli Pa] Micheli, Parrasio (a.1516-1578). Allegorical Group. Chicago AI. Women play organ and lute. A man plays a flute and a child sings (or at least looks at a music book). The lute player is quite naked from the waist up. (Vis. Coll. 372.M5868.90[a])

[Scolari Je] Scolari, Giovanni Battista (op. Munich, 1567-1582). A Woman Riding on a Doe. Amsterdam RM. jewelled pendant. And as she rides, she plays a lute. (Connoisseur 159 [1965] 204)

VIII: Emblems and Proverbs

[Pa private collection] Anon., 16th century. "Resonat concordia c[h]ordis." private collection. Two figures. A woman plays a spinet and a man tunes a lute. (N. Gabrielli. Arte nell'antico marchesato di Saluzzo. Turin 1974. p. 171. Notes apparently originally a fresco, much disintegrated and repainted in oils in the 19th century.)

X: Portraits

[J Bassano Pa] Bassano, Jacopo (ca. 1510/18-1592). A Man Playing a Lute. location unknown. He is sitting in a chair with two large arms. It must have been rather awkward. (C. Sedelmeyer. Catalogue des tableaux composant la collection Ch. Sedelmeyer. IIIe vente. Paris 1907. no. 166)

[Bordone Pa] Bordone, Paris (1500-1571). Gentleman Playing a Lute. private collection. (exh Budapest SM, 1946: Old Masters in Hungarian Private Collections. pl. III [fair reproduction]; Marcell Nemes sale, Helbing, Berlin, 1933, no. 99)

[Bronzino Pa] Bronzino, Agnolo (1503-1572). A Young Man with a Lute. Florence Uffizi. He holds a lute (only part of the pegbox and neck visible). unimp. (A. Emiliani. Il Bronzino. Busto Arsizio 1960. tav. 18 [color reproduction], as after 1532; Newsweek. Uffizi. New York 1968. p. 119 [color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B78.50[e])

[Fasolo Fr] Fasolo, Giovanni Antonio (1530-1573). Scenes of Villa Life/Portrait Group. Caldogno (Vicenza), Villa Caldogno (Nordrera). fresco. Nine figures, one of whom plays a lute. (G. Mazzotti. Ville venete. Rome 1957. p. 115 [distant view], p. 392 [closer])

[Salviati Pa] Salviati, Francesco (1510-1563), attr. Portrait of a Lute Player. Paris, Musée Jacquemart-André. (L. Mortari. Francesco Salviati. Rome 1992. cat. no. 198, p. 163 [ok reproduction]. Attribution is "da scartare" [to be discarded].; exh Rome, Villa Medici, Paris, Louvre, 1998: Francesco Salviati ... o la bella maniera. Ed. C. Monbeig Goguel. no. 79, p. 219 [fine color reproduction])

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594), attr. Lute Player. Braunschweig HAUM. He plays an enormous lute. (Kinsky p. 129)

[Tintoretto Pa] _______. The Virgin and Child Adored by Doge Alvise Mocenigo, the Dogaressa Loredana, and other Members of the Mocenigo Family. Washington NGA (Kress K1964). Elegantly dressed boys with wings play violino piccolo and lute. A sort of sacred conversation piece (not to be confused with a sacra conversatione). (P. Rossi. Jacopo Tintoretto ... I Ritratti. Venice [pref. 1973][L'opera completa, 1] fig. 161, as shortly before 1572, suggests the "angels" are "nipote" [nephews or grandchildren]; F. Valcanover and T. Pignatti. Tintoretto. Transl. R. E. Wolf. New York 1985. p. 42 [fair reproduction]))

[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588), attr. Portrait of Francesco Rovellius of Bergamo. Raleigh NCMA. He holds a small, poorly depicted lute. A good example of problem avoiding. (exh Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art, 1959: Masterpieces of Art, in Memory of William R. Valentiner. p. 63)

XI: Still Life

[In Genoa San Lorenzo] Anon. [16th century?]. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Genoa, San Lorenzo. intarsia. Includes a lute (in deep perspective) on a book in a cupboard. (A. Chastel. The Flowering of the Italian Renaissance. New York 1965. p. 260)

[In New York Met] Italian (Bologna), ca. 1545. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Includes a lute (with extra strings folded in a music book) and a music book. (Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 47b, as probably by Damian de Bergamo, ca. 1545)

XII: Decorative Elements

[Po Hartford Wadsworth] Italian (Castel Durante), ca. 1530. Border Decoration. Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum. majolica plate. Includes many lutes, either from the side or in deep perspective from the base. Also many drums and "rafts" of flutes or recorders. With the arms of the Marquis de'Abon. (exh Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum, 1987: J. Pierpont Morgan, Collector. European Decorative Arts from the Wadsworth Atheneum. Ed. L. H. Roth. no. 11, p. 76 [fine color reproduction])

[Po London V&A] Italian (Padua), 1555. Decoration. London V & A. majolica dish. The decoration, a medly of trophies, includes three renaissance fiddles, three lutes, woodwinds and a frame drum. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 991, pl. 160 [tiny reproduction])

[Po London V&A] Italian (Venetian) (attr. workshop of Domenigo da Venezia), ca. 1550-60. Cupid and Plenty. London V & A. majolica dish. Decoration includes viol, lute and flutes, masks and military symbols. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 968, pl. 156 [tiny reproduction])

[Po London V&A] _______. Decoration. London V & A. majolica dish. The center and rim are a medley of weapons, musical instruments (viol, lutes, flutes, curved woodwind, frame drums, etc.), masks, books and globes. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 969, pl. 156 [tiny reproduction])

[Po London V&A] _______, ca. 1555-60. Decoration. London V & A. majolica plate. Includes a lute, pairs of flutes and a frame drum. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 976 [similar to no. 975], pl. 157 [tiny reproduction])

[Po London V&A] _______, 1557. Naked Boy. London V & A. majolica plate. The border includes a lute, several pairs of flutes, a drum and a tambourine. (1940 catalog of Italian majolica, no. 975, pl. 157 [tiny reproduction])

[Po Toronto ROM] Italian (perhaps Venice), ca. 1550-70. Decoration. Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum. majolica vase. Includes a lute, a pair of flutes and a deep frame drum. (Apollo 113 [1981] 286)

XIII: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor

Boating Parties: [Scolari Je] Scolari, Giovanni Battista (op. Munich, 1567-1582). Three Figures in a Gondola. Florence, Palazzo Pitti (Museo degli Argenti). jewelled pendant. Pantaleon plays a lute and Zanne plucks a small viol. (Connoisseur 159 [1965] 203 [fair color reproduction])

[Scolari Je] _______. Six Figures in a Gondola. Florence, Palazzo Pitti (Museo degli Argenti). jewelled pendant. One plays a lute, another plays another plucked stringed instrument. (Connoisseur 159 [1965] 203)

[Scolari Je] _______. Figures in a Gondola. Waddesdon Manor, N.T. jewelled pendant. A man plays a lute and a woman plays a small, plucked stringed instrument. (Connoisseur 159 [1965] 201)

[Scolari Je] _______. Lovers Seated Beneath a Canopy in a Gondola. private collection. A man plays a lute. unimp. (Connoisseur 159 [1965] 200)

Garden Parties: See also Allegory, Love and Sex (Garden of Love).

[BI Venice 1550] Anon. "Quinta Giornata," from Giovanni Boccaccio, Il decamerone. Venice, Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari, 1550. 12o edition. R10r. woodcut. Musicians play a bowed stringed instrument and a lute. At least two figures dance. (Mortimer Italian. no. 71, p. 98 [minuscule reproduction])

[Fasolo Fr] Fasolo, Giovanni Antonio (1530-1573). Scenes of Villa Life. Caldogno (Vicenza), Villa Caldogno (Nordrera), salone centrale. trompe l'oeil wall fresco. Figures on a loggia, including dancers accompanied by a lute player, and perhaps a serenading lute player. (R. Cevese. Ville della provincia di Vicenza. I: Veneto 2. Milan n.d. p. 141 [distant color view], p. 143 [color detail]; Arte lombarda 82 [1963] 277 [miniscule detail of lute player and dancers], notes villa dates from ca. 1569)

Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades: [CI Florence 1579] Gualtarolli, Raffaello (called Gualdarotti) (doc. 1579-89) (after). Pageant wagon representing Europe and Africa, during the marriage festivities in Florence for Duke Francesco de' Medici and Bianca Cappello of Venice, 14 October 1579, from Gualtarotti's Feste delle nozze ... Florence 1579. pl. 7. A female personification of Europa plays a lute. (Bowles Musical Ensembles fig. 36; MGG IV, cols. 381-2)

Street Scenes: [Dr Cambridge Fitzwilliam] Italian, 16th century. Pantalone woos his Lady. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum. drawing. Includes a comedian with a lute. (A. Nicoll. The World of Harlequin ... Cambridge 1963. p. 48)

[BI Florence 1600] Anon., by 1563. Serenade Beneath a Lady's Window. passe-partout woodcut. Young men (students?) in a street play harp, lute, woodwind (recorder?) and tambourine (vaguely depicted). (Mortimer Italian. no. 468, p. 649. From Scongivrazione amorosa dvn giovane innamorato. Florence, Zanobi Bisticci, 1600. Mortimer (p. 649) notes that by this time the block is cut down and worn. This may be the block recorded by Kristeller [Early Florentine Woodcuts. London 1897. no. 83] in a 1563 Canzone a ballo composte da diversi autori, The block is probably much earlier than 1563.)

[BI Venice 1565] Anon. Naspo's Serenade, from Calate Fantastiche. Venice, Demenico Nicolino, 1656. engraving. Naspo serenades with his lute (front view). (MgB III/9, p. 107; Connoisseur 159 [1965] 201; Gitarre und Laute 5 [1983] 219)

[BI Venice 1565] Nelli, Niccolò. Naspo's Serenade. Title page of Alessandro Caravia, Naspo Bizaro. Venice, Domenico Nicolini, for the Author, 1565. engraving. Naspo serenades Cate Bionda Biriota with his lute (back view, standing). (Mortimer Italian. no. 104, p. 151 [small reproduction])

[BI Venice 1565] _______. El fin de l'inamoramento di Naspo Bizaro ... Naspo serenades with his lute (back view, seated). (Mortimer Italian. no. 104, p. 152 [small reproduction])

[BI Venice ca.1575] Anon. Naspo's Serenade. Title page of Alessandro Caravia, Naspo Bizaro. Venice, Piero de Domenego [ca.1575]. engraving. Naspo serenades with his lute. A copy of the title engraving of 1565. In this one the lady is only faintly visible in the window. (Mortimer Italian. no. 105, p. 152 [small reproduction])

[BI Venice ca. 1575] _______. El fin de l'inamoramento de Naspo Bizaro ... A musician beneath a window plays a lute. (Mortimer Italian. no. 105, p. 153 [small reproduction]. Notes that the illustration is taken from some other source. The characters and setting do not fit the poem.)

XIV: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor

Banquets: [Pa location unknown] Italian (Venetian), ca. 1570. Nocturnal Banquet in Venice. location unknown. Musicians -- with torch bearer, front and center -- play violin and lute. (Early Music 9 [1981] 147 [poor reproduction])

Chamber Music: [Allori Pa] Allori, Alessandro (1535-1607). Music Making in an Interior. private collection. A woman plays a virginal. A man and a boy sing, and two men play lutes. Not played: hurdy-gurdy, renaissance fiddle, viol, cittern, recorder and trombone. (Vis. Coll. 372.Al 57.90[a] [photo of photo])

Parties/Music Parties: [Fasolo Fr] Fasolo, Giovanni Antonio (1530-1573). Scenes of Villa Life/Music Party. Caldogno (Vicenza), Villa Caldogno (Nordrera). trompe l'oeil wall fresco. A boy sings, as women play spinet, bass viol and lute. A gentleman listens and looks bored. (G. Mazzariol and T. Pignatti. Storia dell'arte italiana, III. 1961. p. 214; G. Mazzotti. Ville venete. Rome 1957. p. 393; Arte lombarda 82 [1963] 277 [tiny reproduction])

XV: Miscellaneous Figures

Angels (one musical angel): [Buonaccorsi Dr] Buonaccorsi, Pietro (1501-1547). Virgin and Child with Saints, Angel and Family of Donors. private collection. The angel plays a lute. (loan exh, 1969-70: Old Master Drawings from Chatsworth. no. 53)

[D Campagnola Dr] Campagnola, Domenico (1500-1564). Sacra conversazione. Paris, École des Beaux-Arts. drawing. A rather overwhelmed angel plays a lute. (J. Levenson et al. Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art. Washington 1973. p. 424)

[B Campi Dr] Campi, Bernardino (ca.1522-1590/95). Study of an Angel Playing a Lute. London BM. drawing. (Vis. Coll. 372d.C1553.36[a])

[India Dr] India, Bernardino (ca. 1535-p.1583). Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Venice, Accademia. drawing. Includes an angel playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372d.In23.34[a])

[Palma Giovane Pa] Palma Giovane (1544-1628). St. Mark Delivering the Standard to St. Ermagora. Udine MC. Includes an angel playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.P180.38M)

[Poccetti Dr] Poccetti, Bernardino (1548-1612). Lunette wirh Angels on Clouds. Florence Uffizi. drawing. An angel plays a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372d.P753.36[a])

[Salviati Pa] Salviati, Francesco (1510-1563). Rest on the Flight to Egypt/Holy Family with the infant St. John. Dublin NGI. A child angel plays a lute (only right hand visible). unimp. (Burlington 127 [1985] 770)

[Siciolante Fr] Siciolante, Girolamo (called Il Sermoneta) (1521-ca.1580). The Birth of the Virgin. Rome, S. Tommaso in Formis. fresco. Includes an angel playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.Si109.20[c])

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). Doge Alvise Mocenigo Praying before Christ. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. An angel plays a lute. (E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 157. 158 [ok detail, with lute]; H. Tietze. Tintoretto: The Paintings and Drawings. London 1948. fig. 234, as 1577-1581; F. Valcanover and T. Pignatti. Tintoretto. Transl. R. E. Wolf. New York 1985. p. 49 [fair reproduction])

[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Verona, Museo del Castelvecchio (formerly S. Fermo Maggiore, Cappella Bevilacque-Lazise). Includes an angel playing a lute. There may be another. (exh Venice, Cà Giustinian, 1939: Paolo Veronese. cat. no. 1 [poor reproduction], notes is in poor condition, his earliest known work, probably 1548)

[Veronese Pa] _______. Virgin in Glory with St. John Below. formerly Coll. of Charles II of Rumania. An angel sort of floating beside the Virgin plays a lute. unimp. (1898 cat. no. 70)

Angels (two musical angels): [Fr Bormio] Anon., 16th century. Musical Angels. Bormio, ex Chiesa di Santo Spirito, vault. fresco. Angels play rebec and lute. (Contributi dell'istituto di storia dell'arte medioevale e moderno. Milan 2 [1972] pl. LV [clear reproduction], as Master of Santo Spirito, Circle of Giovanni Andrea de Magistris)

[Pa Milan S. Eufemia] Anon., 16th century. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Milan, S. Eufemia. Little angels (in front) play lute and cylindrical woodwind (recorder). unimp. (E. Tea. Pittura e sculture nelle chiese di Milano. Milan 1951. pl. IX)

[Figino Pa] Figino, Giovanni Ambrogio (1548?-1608). Musical Angels. Milan, San Vittore al Corpo, choir, right. The angels play viola da braccio and lute. (Art Bulletin 47 [1965] fig. 24 after p. 52 [fair reproduction])

[Figino Pa] _______. chior, left. The angels play lute and woodwind (straight cornett?). (Art Bulletin 47 [1965] fig. 21 after p. 52)

[Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Nativity. Legnano, S. Magno. Angels play violin/viola (?) and lute. (M. L. Gatti Perer. Studi e ricerche nel territorio della Provincia di Milano. Milan 1967. p. 86, as 1560-64)

[Manzuoli Pa] Manzuoli, Tommaso d'Antonio (Maso da S. Friano) (1531-1571). Adoration of the Shepherds. Florence, SS Apostoli. Angels play lute and flute. (Bollitino d'Arte 61/1-2 [1976] fig. 7 after p. 78; Vis. Coll. 372.M316.22N)

[Micheli Pa] Micheli, Parrasio (a.1516-1578). Virgin and Child in Glory with Saints and Angels. Ponte di Brenta (Padua), S. Marco. Angels play viola da braccio or renaissance fiddle and lute. (Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, VII: Provincia di Padova. Rome 1936. p. 179 [useless reproduction])

[Papacello Pa] Papacello, Bernabei Tomaso (ca.1500-1559). Immaculate Conception (1524). Cortona, Chiesa del Calcinaio. Angels play renaissance fiddle (right) and lute (left). unimp. (L. Dussler. Signorelli. Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 195)

[Sabbatini Pa] Sabbatini, Lorenzo (called Lorenzino da Bologna) (c.1530-1576). Assumption of the Virgin. Bologna PN. Angels play harp (crudely depicted, left) and lute (right). unimp. (G. Zucchini. Bologna. Bergamo n.d. [Itaila artistica, 76] p. 144 [small reproduction]; A. Emiliani, ed. La Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna. Bologna 1967. p. 261)

[Tosini Pa] Tosini, Michele (Michele di Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio) (1503-1577). The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Florence, Accademia. Angels play renaissance fiddle (left) and lute (right). (Vis. Coll. 372.G3455.38C and T6395.38C)

[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588), attr. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Detroit I of A. Angels play bass viol and lute. (Pignatti Veronese. cat. A60, fig. 774 [small reproduction], suggests a collaboration in the manner of his brother Benedetto; Vis. Coll. 372.V593.38C[c]) Copy or workshop production: Genoa, Galleria del Palazzo Durazzo Pallavicini. (1967 catalog, pp. 178-9) Engraved by Agostino Carracci. (IB vol. 39, no. 97-II, p. 136; Incisori bolognesi ed emiliani del secolo XVII. no. 212)

[Veronese Pa] _______. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Venice Accademia (ex Venice, S. Caterina). Two angels sing and two others play lutes. There is an unplayed bass viol. (P. d'Ancona. Umanesimo e rinascimento. Turin 1953. p. 644; P. H. Osmond. Paolo Veronese, his Career and Work. London 1927. pl. 25; Pignatti Veronese. cat. no. 183, pl. 475, as 1575; G. Piovene. L'opera completa dal Veronese. Milan 1968. pl. XLVIII [color reproduction]; F. Valcanover. Gallerie dell'Accademia di Venezia. Novara 1955. p. 114 [fair reproduction]; TCI. Venezia e la sua laguna. Milan 1947. [Attraverso l'Italia, 30] opp. p. 128 [wishy-washy color reproduction]; 1962 catalog: Gallerie dell'Accademia di Venezia [16th century works]. Ed. S. Moschini Marconi. cat. and fig. no. 139, suggests date of ca.1575; exh Venice, Cà Giustinian, 1939: Paolo Veronese. cat. no. 67; Imago musicae 1 [1984] 94 [poor reproduction, cropped, after Pignatti Veronese]; Vis. Coll. 372.V593.38C[a]) Engraved by Agostino Carracci (IB 39, no. 98, p. 137, where the viol has become a mis-shapen lump).

[Veronese Fr] _______. Allegory of the Battle of Lepanto. Venice, Palazzo Ducale. fresco. Angels (?) play double bass and lute. At least two sing. (P. H. Osmond. Paolo Veronese, his Career and Work. London 1927. pl. 51 [useless reproduction]; Pignatti Veronese. cat. no. 283, fig. 634)

Angels (three musical angels): [Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588), and workshop. Assumption of the Virgin. Venice Accademia. One angel tunes a cembalo and two play lutes. (1962 catalog: Gallerie dell'Accademia di Venezia [16th century works]. Ed. S. Moschini Marconi. cat. and fig. no. 149, as late work; Vis. Coll. 372.V593.31As).

Angels (four musical angels): [Bordone Pa] Bordone, Paris (1500-1571). Holy Family in Glory with St. Jerome. Milan, Santa Maria presso San Celso. Angels play positive organ, viola da braccio, lute and cornett (?). There are also musical putti. (G. Canova. Paris Bordon. Venice 1964. pl. 69; C. B. Wrightsman. The Wrightsman Collection. vol. V. New York 1973. p. 22 [ok reproduction]; Arte veneta 15 [1961] 80 [small reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B648.34[a])

[Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Assumption of the Virgin (1543). Biella, Chiesa di S. Sebastiano. Angels play violin, harp, lute and tambourine. (exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano,1939: Gotica e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Vialo. pl. 158 [poor reproduction])

[Riccardi Sc] Riccardi, Gabriele (called Beli Licciardo) (doc.1549). Nativity. Torre Santa Susanna, S. Maria di Gàlaso. sculpture. Angels play a viol- or cello-like instrument, lute, oliphant/horn and tambourine. unimp. (C. Calvesi and M. Manieri-Elia. Architettura barocca a Lecce e in terra di Puglia. Milan 2/1971. fig. 17, 19, as 1588)

[Sormano Sc] Sormano, Giovanni Andrea (=? Giovanni Antonio, m. 1575). Angels (1557). Savona, Santuario di N. Signora della Misericordia, frontal of the crypt. sculpture. One of the angels plays a lute. (P. Rotondi. L'arte nel Santuario di N. Signora della Misericordia a Savona. Savonna [sic] 1959. pp. 26-27)

[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). The Martyrdom of St. Julian. Rimini, S. Giuliano. Angels play a treble bowed stringed instrument, a tenor viol, a harp and a lute (partly visible). unimp. (C. F. Marcheselli. Pitture delle chiese di Rimini, 1754. reprinted in an annotated edition, ed. P. G. Pasini. Bologna 1972. fig. 33; Vis. Coll. V593.38Ju)

[Veronese Pa] _______. Allegory of the Battle of Lepanto. Venice, Galleria dell'Accademia. Angels play violin/viola, double bass, lute and cornett. (G. Piovene. L'opera completa di Veronese. Milan 1964. Tav. XXXV [color reproduction]; P. H. Osmond. Paolo Veronese, his Career and Work. London 1927. pl. 52 [useless reproduction]; 1962 catalog: Gallerie dell'Accademia di Venezia [16th century works]. Ed. S. Moschini Marconi. vol. II, cat. and fig. no. 136 [useless reproduction])

[Zuccari Pa] Zuccari, Federigo (ca.1540/43-1609). Assumption of St. Mary Magdalene. Florence, Palazzo Pitti. Angels play positive organ, viola da braccio (fretted?), harp and double-headed lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.Z84.38M)

Angels (more than four musical angels): [Fr Selva di Cadore] Anon., second quarter, 16th century. Musical Angels. Selva di Cadore, S. Lorenzo, choir, vault. fresco. Numerous musical angels, including one playing a lute and another playing a lute with a concave head. Seem much restored. unimp. (G. Dalla Vestra. I pittori bellunesi prima dei Vecellio. Verona 1975. Figs. 161-162. Suggests a Venetian artist from the Veneto, perhaps contemporaneous with Giovanni da Mel [op. 1521-1548]. Restored in 1911-12.)

[Allori Dr] Allori, Alessandro (1535-1607). Cupola Decoration with Coronation of the Virgin. Florence Uffizi. drawing. Seven musical angels, including one playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372d.A157.31Co)

[Antonio da Bologna Fr] Antonio da Bologna (op. ca. 1550). The Assumption of the Virgin. Monte Oliveto Maggiore (near Siena), S. Scholastica. Numerous musical angels and putti, including one angel playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.An894f.31As)

[Cambiaso Fr] Cambiaso, Luca (1527-1585). Glory of the Trinity. El Escorial, Monastery Church. fresco. Enormous angel concerts, including at least six lutes. unimp. (Marques de Lozoya. The Escorial ... New York 1967. p. 37 [ok reproduction]; B. Suida Manning and W. Suida. Luca Cambiaso ... Milan 1958. pll. CCLV and CCLVI; El Escorial ... Madrid 1967. figs. 115 and 116 [color details]; Vis. Coll. 372.C142.39T)

[G Campi Fr] Campi, Giulio (1502-1572). Assumption of the Virgin (1530). Soncino (Cremona), S. Maria delle Grazie. fresco. Angels on the left play organ; large, 3-stringed viola da braccio; lute and shawm. (Imago musicae 4 [1987] 264 [detail of the angels on the left])

[B Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Benedetto (op. 1530-1545). Coronation of the Virgin. Capo d'Isteria, Palazzo Communale. Six musical angels, including three playing lutes. (Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, V: Provincia di Pola. Rome 1935. p. 68, as 1537 [miserable reproduction]; Vis. Coll. C2239.3C)

[Criscuolo Pa] Criscuolo, Giovanni Filippo (?) (ca.1500-ca.1584). Death and Assumption of the Virgin (1534). Fondi, S. Maria Assunta. At least eight musical angels, including one playing a lute. (exh Gaeta, Palazzo De Vio, 1976: Arte a Gaeta, dipinti dal XII al XVIII secolo. no. 31, p. 81 [fair reproduction])

[Farinato Dr] Farinato (Farinati), Paolo (1524-1606?). Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. Five musical angels, including one playing a lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372d. F22F.38C[a])

[Marone Pa] Marone, Pietro (1548-1625). Assumption of the Virgin. Brescia, S. Maria dei Miracoli. Five musical angels, including one playing a lute. (A. Morassi. Brescia. Rome n.d. [Catalogo delle cose d'arte e di antichità d'Italia] p. 417 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.M347.31As)

[Picchi Pa] Picchi, Giorgio (a.1550-1599). Immaculate Conception. Urbania, Chiesa S. Francesco. Angels at the left play renaissance fiddle and straight trumpet. Angels on the right play harp, lute and straight trumpet. (100 Disegni della Biblioteca Comunale di Urbania. Urbania 1959. pl. 71)

[Poccetti Dr] Poccetti, Bernardino (1548-1612). Angel Concert/Design for a Cupoa. Florence Uffizi. drawing. Many musical angels, including four playing lutes. (Vis. Coll. 372d.P753.95[g])

[Poccetti Fr] _______. Angel Concert. Florence, Palazzo Spni-Feroni, via Tornabuoni, capella. ceiling fresco. Many, many musical angels, including three playing lutes. unimp (the instruments are rather crudely depicted) (M. Bucci. Palazzi di Firenze, III. Florence 1973. fig. 47 [fine reproduction])

[Pulzone Pa] Pulzone, Scipione (a.1550-1598). Assumption of the Virgin. Rome, S. Caterina dei Funari. At least eight musical angels, including one playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.P965.31As)

[Pulzone Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Rome, S. Silvestro al Quirinale. Eight musical angels, including one playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. P965.31As[a])

[Tintoretto Pa] Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) (1518-1594). Study for Paradise in the Great Council Chamber, Venice, Doge's Palace. Paris Louvre. oil sketch. Several musical angels, including one playing a lute. unimp. (C. Bernari. L'opera completa del Tintoretto. Milan 1970. pll. XLIV-XLV; H. Besseler. Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissace. Potsdam 1931, R/New York [1949?]. Taf. XIX; K. Meyer-Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 171, as Coronation of the Virgin; H. Tietze. Tintoretto: The Paintings and Drawings. London 1948. fig. 244, as ca. 1579; F. Valcanover and T. Pignatti. Tintoretto. Transl. R. E. Wolf. New York 1985. p. 54 [fair reproduction]; Burlington 96 [1954] 174 [poor reproduction]) The fresco: E. von der Berchen. Jacopo Tintoretto. Munich 1942. pl. 301; 54 [tiny, useless reproduction])

[C Vecellio Pa] Vecellio, Cesare (ca.1521-1601). Assumption of the Virgin (1586). Castion, Parrochia. Six musical angels, including one playing a lute. unimp. (R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. vol. II, fig. 649)

[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). The Martyrdom of S. Giustina. Padua, Chiesa di S. Giustina. Numerous musical angels, including four with lutes. (A. Moschetti. Padova. Bergamo 1912. [Italia artistica, 65] p. 154 [poor reproduction]; G. Piovene. L'opera completa del Veronese. Milan 1968. p. not recorded, as 1575; TCI. Veneto. Milan 1952. [Attraverso lItalia, 18] p. 141 [fair reproduction]) Engraved by Agostino Carracci (IB vol. 39, no.78, p. 120) I have another card for an engraving by Agostino Carracci of same subject, but with different musical angels. (Incisori bolognesi ed emiliani del sec. XVII. no. 197 [small reproduction]; Old Master Drawings from Chatsworth; a Loan Exhibition from the Devonshire Collection, 1962-63. Ed. A. E. Popham. no. 72)

[Zuccari Dr] Zuccari, Federico (ca.1540/43-1609). Paradise. location unknown. drawing. Numerous musical angels, including two with lutes. (Burlington 96 [1954] 174, intended for the Great Council Chamber, the Doge's Palace, Venice [Cf. Tintoretto, above])

[Zucchi Fr] Zucchi, Jacopo (ca.1540-1596). Musical Angels. Rome, S. Spirito in Sassia. vault fresco. One of the several angels plays a lute. (Burlington 116 [1974] 435 [useless reproduction], as 1582-83)

Comedians: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Street Scenes.

Musicians (amateur and professional): [BI Florence 1582] Anon. Title-page vignette of Lorenzo de Medici, Selve d'amore. Florence, Giorgio Marescotti. woodcut. The single figure plays a lute. A fiddle hangs upside down from a tree. (Winternitz Musical Instruments p. 96; MGG VIII, col. 949) The same as the vignette of Scelta di madrigali. Florence, Giorgio Marescotti, 1582. (Fraenkel no. 25)

[BI Milan 1536] Anon. Lute Player, from Intabolatura de leuto de diversi autori novamente stampata. Milan, Casteliono, 1536. fol. 1. woodcut. A musician plays a lute, two lutes hang on the wall, and a lute case leans in a corner. (A. J. Ness, ed. The Lute Music of Francesco Canova da Milano ... Cambridge MA 1970. p. xxi)

[BI Venice 1535] Anon. Recorder Players and Singers, title-page illustration for Silvestro Ganassi, Opera intitulata Fontegara. Venice 1535. woodcut. There are three recorder players and two singers. Three viols and a lute hang on the wall. A cornett and a small corno torto lie on the window ledge in the foreground. (Fraenkel no. 10; Harrison & Rimmer, no. 91 [fine reproduction]; Kinsky p. 148; MGG IV, col. 342; Musica calendar 1988: 18 September - 1 October [fine reproduction])

[BI Venice 1536] Anon. Lute Player, title-page illustration for Francesco da Milano's Intabolatura di Liuto. Venice, Francesco Marcolini da Forli, 1536. woodcut. Crude illustration. unimp. (Kinsky p. 134; A. J. Ness, ed. The Lute Music of Francesco Canova da Milano ... Cambridge MA 1970. p. xxiii)

[Dr Budapest] Italian, 16th century. Two Women Dancing. Budapest SM. drawing. They are accompanied by two men: one plays a violin (? -- the scroll is backwards), the other, a lute. (Norditalienische Handzeichnungen aus dem Museum der Bildenden Künste in Budapest. Ed. I. Fenyö. Budapest 1965. pl. 27, as anonymous follower of Giorgione, ca. 1530 [Marcello Fogolino?])

[Dr Stockholm NM] Italian (Verona), mid-16th century. Four Figures. Stockholm NM. drawing. Youths sing and play a lute, and a man has his hand on a harpsichord. (O. Sirén. Italienska Tavlor och Teckningar i Nationalmuseum. Stockholm 1933. pl. 115; Italienska handteckningar från 1400 och 1500 talen ... Stockholm 1917. no. 458, as late 15th century)

[Pa Bourges Berry] Italian, 16th century. Al fresco Music Making. Bourges, Musée du Berry. A pair of paintings. In one women play spinet, bass viol and recorder and a man plays a lute. In the other three women and a man sing. (The instrumentalists: Pincherle p. 65; Musica calendar, 1965: 16-29 May; Musica calendar, 1982: 11-24 July [fine color reproduction]; W. Haacke. Am Klavier. Königstein am Taunus 1964. p. 23. The singers: Musica calendar, 1981: 14-27 June. Both: Lesure pl. 11-12 [German], pl. 10 [English])

[Pa London NG] Italian (Venetian?) 16th century. Three Women Making Music. London NG. One of them plays a lute, one holds up a music sheet and another holds a lute. Costume ca. 1535. (Early Music 12 [1984] 216 [ok reproduction])

[Abate Dr] Abate, Niccolò dell' (1509 or 1512-probably 1571). Study for a concert. Besançon, Musée. drawing. Men play violin, lute and woodwind (straight cornett?). (Vis. Coll. 372d.Ab.2.90[k])

[Abate Pa] _______. Concert. Bologna, Palazzo Poggi. A woman plays a harp and men play lute and woodwind (recorder?). (R. Bacchelli et al. Emilia Romagna. Milan [1975?] p. 306; A. Bovero. Immagini dell'arte italiana attraverso i secoli, IV. Turin 1965. fig. 218)

[Abate Pa] _______. Concert. Bologna, Palazzo Poggi. Women sing and play a spinet, men play bass viol and lute. (R. Bacchelli et al. Emilia Romagna. Milan [1975?] p. 306)

[Abate Fr] _______. A Trompe l'oeil Group of Musicians Peering Down Through an Octagonal Opening. Modena, Galleria Estense (Originally for the ceiling of the Aeneid cabinet at Scandiano). fresco. There are several female singers and men playing bass or contrabass viol, lute and recorder. (H. Besseler. Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissace. Potsdam 1931, R/New York [1949?]. p. 285 [fair reproduction, after Ricci, below ]; G. Copertini. Il Parmigianino. Parma 1932. vol. II, Tav. CLXVII; R. Pallucchini. I dipinti della galleria Estense di Modena. Rome 1945. no. 23, fig. 18. Notes that tradition says that the musicians are members and friends of the family of Giulio Boiardo; C. Ricci. Die Malerei des 16. Jahrhunderts in Oberitalien. Florence 1929. unnumbered pl. [ok reprodiction]; Burlington 117 [1975] 728. Notes that the octagon is badly overpainted. Suggests the figures include the painter's patron, Giulio Boiardo, his wife, Silvia Sanvitale, and that the concert figures are no one in particular. Considers it an allegory of harmony and celebration. As ca. 1540. There are drawings for this [Coll. H. M. Calmann] of the three figures, including the viol, and of the four figures including the lute; plus another [Windsor Castle] of the recorder player.)

[Abate Fr] _______. Ladies and Gentlemen Making Music. Modena, Galleria Estense. fresco. Women sing (?) and play viol and lute. Men play tenor and bass viols and lute. (R. Pallucchini. I dipinti della galleria Estense di Modena. Rome 1945. no. 16, fig. 17 [miserable reproduction]; I. Woodfield. The Early History of the Viol. Cambridge 1984. p. 159 [poor reproduction]) There is a drawing attributed to Abate after (?) this in Berlin, Staatliche Museen (Vis. Coll. 372d.Ab2.90[m]); and a similar one by Alberto Fontana (1537-1558) in London BM (Vis. Coll. 372d.F733.90[a]).

[Abate Dr] _______, attr. Ladies and Gentlemen Making Music. private collection. drawing. A woman plays a keyboard instrument. Others play harp, two lutes, cornett and perhaps another woodwind. (I. Budde. Beschreibender Katalog der Handzeichnungen in der Staatlichen Kunstakademie, Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf 1930. no. 585, pl. 86; exh Düsseldorf, Kunstmuseum, 1969-70: Meisterzeichnungen der Sammlung Lambert Krahe. no. 20, pl. 19)

[Bertoja Dr] Bertoja, Jacopo (Jacopo Zanguidi) (1544-1574 or later). Sheet of Studies, with Musicians. Florence Uffizi. drawing. A woman holds a viola da braccio. A man tunes a lute and a youth has a wind instrument (cornett?, recorder?). unimp. (Dufourcq Musique. Paris 1965. vol. I, p. 247; L. Parigi. Disegni musicale del gabinetto degli "Uffizi." Florence 1951. after p. 48; Pincherle p. 63 [detail of the lute player]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. I, pl. IV; Vis. Coll. 372d.Z16.90[a])

[Palma Giovane Dr] Palma, Jacopo (Palma Giovane) (1544-1628). Sheet of Studies from a Sketchbook (II, no. 232). Munich SgS. drawing. A woman plays a chitarrone or theorbo. (100 Meisterzeichnungen aus der Staatlichen Graphischen Sammlung München. Munich 1958. pl. 51; Vis. Coll. 372d.P180.90[i])

[Piazza Pa] Piazza, Calisto (da Lodi) (ca. 1500-1562), attr. Musical Group. Philadelphia, Johnson Coll. Women play tenor viol and lute. Men sing and play two recorders. (Storia di Brescia II: La dominazione veneta (1426-1575). 1963. p. 1092 [poor reproduction]; B. Berenson. A Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings (John G. Johnson Collection) ... Italian Paintings, vol. I. Philadelphia 1913. no. 234, p. 408; 1966 catalog: Italian Paintings. no. 234, p. 222; Antiques 88 [1965] 654, as late 1520's [the attendant article is about costume]; also reproduces a mid-19th-century pastiche with the three central figures [including the lute and the viol -- it has lost the recorders but gained a flute] [Worcester Art Museum])

[Primaticcio Dr] Primaticcio, Francesco (1504-1570). The Chariot of Juno. Stockholm NM (Coll. Count Tessin). drawing. Design for an unknown event, perhaps a wedding. Musicians play bass viol, lute and cornett. (1970 loan exhibit, Stockholm Nationalmuseum. Dessins du Nationalmuseum de Stockholm, Collection du Comte Tessin ... Ghent 1970. no. 16)

[Primaticcio Dr] _______. Women Playing Draughts, etc. Vienna Albertina. drawing. Preparatory drawing for the right wing of the concert fresco above the balcony of the balroom at Fontainebleau. A woman plays a lute and a faun plays cymballs. (O. Benesch. Master Drawings in the Albertina ... New York 1967. no. 33)

[Tibaldi Dr] Tibaldi, Pellegrino (1527-1596). Musicians. Bologna, Collezione Communale d'Arte. drawing. Musicians play two viole da braccio, enormous double bass (and another, slightly smaller one) and chitarrone (tuning). (Vis. Coll. 372d.T432.90[c])

[de'Vecchi Dr] de'Vecchi, Giovanni (1536-1612), attr. A Group of People Dancing and Making Music. Edinburgh NGS. drawing. Design for a harpsichord lid. The dancers are accompanied by figures playing a double bass, a treble bowed stringed instrument and a lute. (1968 catalog of Italian drawings, no. 849, p. 149 [minuscule reproduction])

[Zelotti Fr] Zelotti, Giambattista (ca.1526-1578). A Barefoot Woman Playing a Lute. Fanzolo (Treviso), Villa Emo. wall fresco. (G. Mazzotti. Ville venete. Rome 1975. p. 138)

[Zelotti Fr] _______. Four Figures and Cupid. Verona MC (from Villa Foscari). fresco. Women play harpsichord (bentside on the wrong side) and guitar or flat-backed lute. Men play viol and recorder. (G. Mazzotti. Ville venete. Rome 1975. p. 143)

Putti (one musical putto): [Cambiaso Pa] Cambiaso, Luca (1527-1585). Coronation of the Virgin. El Escorial, Monastery Church. In the left panel, a putto plays a lute. In the center panel three putti play straight trumpets. In the right panel, three putti sing. (J. A. Gaya Nuño. Los Monumentos Cardinales de España, I: El Escorial. Madrid [1947]. p. 55 [useless reproduction]; El Escorial ... Madrid 1967. fig. 102 [color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.C142.31C)

[B Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Benedetto (op. 1530-1545). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Capo d'Isteria, Palazzo Communale. A putto on the steps of the throne plays a lute. (Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, V: Provincia di Pola. Rome 1935. p. 67, as 1538; Vis. Coll. C2239.34[c])

[Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Virgin and Child Enthroned, with Saints and Donors. Vercelli, Chiesa di Occimiano. A putto tuning a little lute crouches in front of the throne. (G. Marangoni. Vercelli, il Biellese e la Valsesia. Bergamo 1931. [Italia artistica, 107] p. 65

[Siciolante Pa] Siciolante, Girolamo (called Il Sermoneta) (1521-ca.1580). Virgin and Child with Saints. Calcinate, Chiesa dell'Assunta. One of the two putti below the throne plays a lute. unimp. (Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, I: Provincia di Bergamo. Rome 1931. p. 185 [fair reproduction])

Putti (two musical putti): [Amalteo Pa] Amalteo, Pomponio (1501-1588). Virgin and Child with Female Saints. Tolmezzo, S. Caterina. A putto (in front) plays a rebec while another struggles with a lute which is much too big for it. (TCI. Venezia, Giulia e Friuli. Milan 1955. [Attraverso l'Italia, 21] p. 90)

[D Campagnola Fr] Campagnola, Domenico (1500-1564). Putti. Padua, Palazzo Dondi. fresco. Putti musiciati tussle with a viol and take a lute out of its case. Among the putti guerrieri e scienziata, one plays a trumpet. (L. Grossato. Affreschi del cinquecento in Padova. Milan 1966. p. 165, fig. 98 [viol and lute], fig. 99 [trumpet] [fine color reproduction])

[Giovanni da Mel Pa] Giovanni da Mel (op. 1521-1548). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Sebastian and Roch. Mel, Chiesa dell'Annunciazione. Putti play a viol and a lute. Much repainted. (G. Dalla Vestra. I pittori bellunesi prima dei Vecellio. Verona 1975. fig. 120; Vis. Coll. 372.G439m.34[a])

[Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Sacra conversazione. Valduggia. Putti in front play lute (more hugging than playing) and tambourine. (G. Marangoni. Vercelli. Bergamo 1931. [Italia artistica, 107], p. 115 "pannello principale del polittico di Valduggia," with no location)

[Lanino Dr] _______. Virgin and Child. Dublin NGI. drawing. Putti play rebec (right) and lute (left). (exh Wildenstein, London, 1967: Drawings from the National Gallery of Ireland)

[Manzuoli Dr] Manzuoli, Tommaso d'Antonio (Maso da S. Friano) (1531-1571). Religious Allegory. Paris Louvre CdD. drawing. Putti, above, play lute and woodwind or little straight trumpet. very unimp. (Bolletino d'arte 61/1-2 [1976] fig. 18 after p. 78 [cropped?])

Putti (three musical putti): [Ms Milan Trivulziana] Italian (Lombard), ca. 1545? Letter G[loria]. Milan, Bibl. Trivulziana. Putti play fiddle, lute and woodwind. The main illumination is the Annunciation of the Nativity. unimp. (G. Bologna. Miniature Lombarde della Biblioteca Trivulziana. Milan 1973. p. 98 [color reproduction])

[Fiumicelli Pa] Fiumicelli, Ludovico (doc. 1527-1570). Sacra conversazione. Padua MC. Putti play rebec, 3-stringed cello and lute. (Arte veneta 36 [1982] 133)

[Lanino Pa] Lanino, Bernardino (ca.1510-1583). Musical Putti. Milan, Brera. Angels play a cello (?), harp, and lute (tuning). (exh Luino, 1975: Sacro e profano nella pittura di Bernardino Luini. b&w fig. 97 [small reproduction], with location: deposited in Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnica; Vis. Coll. 372.L272.36[a])

[Lanino Pa] _______. La madonna della grazia (1561). Vercelli, Chiesa di S. Paolo. Three putti in front all more hug than play their instruments: lute, plucked string (a sort of psaltery-lyre) and tambourine. (A. M. Brizio. Catalogo delle cose d'arte e di antichità d'Italia: Vercelli. Rome 1035. p. 133 [useless reproduction]; G. Marangoni. Vercelli. Bergamo 1931. [Italia artistica, 107], p. 61, 62 [useful detail]; S. Weber. Gaudenzio Ferrari und seine Schule. Strasbourg 1927. pl. XIV)

[Veronese Fr] Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari) (ca.1528-1588). Venus, Cupid, Saturn and Apollo. Paris, Louvre (ex Murano, Palazzo Trevisan). fresco. Putti tumbling about. One holds a lute. Another holds a cornett and one plays a trombone. very unimp. Fresco in faded condition. (Burlington 116 [1974] 29 [fair reproduction])

Putti (more than four musical putti): [C Baschenis Fr] Baschenis, Cristoforo (il giovane) (doc. 1570-72). Penitent Magdalene. Bergamo, La Chiesa della Maddalena. fresco. Numerous musical putti, including one playing a lute. (L. Angelini. I Baschenis. Bergamo 2/n.d. pl. XVII [poor reproduction])

[Taurigny Wsc] Taurigny, Richard II (Riccardo Taurino) (doc. 1558-1598) and others. Putti. Padua, Basilica di Santa Giustina, choir stalls. wood sculpture. Several musical putti on top, including one playing a lute. unimp. (P. L. Zovatto et al. La basilica di Santa Giustina. Castelfranco Veneto. 1970. pp. 262-63, as 1558-1566)

XVI: Treatise/Tutor Illustrations