I: Old Testament

Ahasueras, Feast of: [In Bologna San Domenico] Zambelli, Fra Damiano (a.1490-1549). Feast of Ahasueras. Bologna, San Domenico, choir. intarsia. Includes a musician with a lute in an ensemble of musicians. (F. Venturino Alce. Il coro di San Domenico in Bologna. Blolgna 1969. p.169)

David -- Alone: [Ms Gotha LB mon.typ.1479] Benedetto Padovano (Benedetto Bordon) (op. ca. 1480-m.1539). Page from Gregory IX, Decretales. Venice, N. Jenson, 1479. Gotha LB mon.typ. 1479, fol. 4. illumination in a printed book. "David Profeta" plays a lute. (G. Mariani Canova. La miniatura veneta del rinascimento 1450-1500. Venice 1969. p.71 [fine color reproduction])

[Ms Venice Correr Ms Cl.V.8] Martino da Modena (op. 1477-1485), attr. Letter D[omine] (beginning of the Seven Penitential Psalms), from a Book of Hours. Venice, Museo Correr, Ms Cl.V.8, fol. 160. manuscript illumination. King David, in the initial, plays a lute (and sings?). (G. Mariani Canova. La miniatura veneta del rinascimento 1450-1500. Venice 1969. fig. 137. As Maestro Veneto-Emiliano, from the 1480's; Bolletino dei Musei Civici Veneziani 1966/2, p. 23; 1967/4, p. 23, as ca. 1471)

Jephthah: [Pietro di Domenico Ca] Pietro di Domenico (1457-1506?). The Return of Jephthah. cassone. private collection. Young women in the daughter's retinue sing and play harp, lute, recorder and tambourine. (Schubring no. 479, pl. CXIII, as by Girolamo di Benvenuto. Based on Dante, Jephta, par. 5, 66; Vis. Coll. 372.P627.12J)

Miriam/Crossing the Red Sea: [Luini Pa] Luini, Bernardo (ca. 1481/2-1532). The Hebrews Rejoicing after the Crossing of the Red Sea. Milan, Brera. Among the rejoicers, a man plays a lute. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. no. 212 [fair reprodution]; exh Luino, 1975: Sacro e profano nella pittura di Bernardo Luini. unnumb. b & w figure at the back)

Other: [In Bologna San Domenico] Zambelli, Fra Damiano (a.1490-1549). The Finding of Moses. Bologna, Dan Domenico, choir. intarsia. Includes a lady with a lute. (F. Venturino Alce. Il coro di San Domenico in Bologna. Blolgna 1969. p.163)

[Bonifazio Pa] Bonifazio Veronese (Bonifazio de'Pitati) (1487-1553). Moses Discovered in the Bulrushes. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie. Includes a musical ensemble of men playing a viola da braccio/renaissance fiddle (flat head) and a lute and two ladies singing. (Dresden. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Jahrbuch (1968-69) 134 [after restoration], 124 [before restoration]; exh Dresden, 1968: Venezianische Malerei 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert. fig. 16; Vis Coll. 372.P681.11M[b])

[Bonifazio Pa] _______.  Moses Discovered in the Bulrushes. Florence, Palazzo Pitti. Includes a musical ensemble of a man playing a bass viol, a lady playing a lute, and perhaps one or two ladies singing. (D. Westphal. Bonifazio Veronese. Munich 1931. fig. 25; Vis. Coll. 372.P681.11M)

[Bonifazio Pa] _______. Moses Discovered in the Bulrushes. Oxford Ashmolean. Includes a musical ensemble of men playing a bass or contrabass viol and a lute and a lady singing. (Harrison and Rimmer no. 103 [fine detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.P681.11M[c])

II: New Testament

Herod, Feast of: [Salvucci Me] Antonio di Salvi Salvucci (1450-1527) and Francesco di Giovanni (op. 1477-1480). Feast of Herod with Salome's Dance. Florence, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. high relief sliver dossale. Musicians play fiddle, lute and psaltery. (L. Becherucci and G. Brunetti. Il Museo dell'Opera del Duomo à Firenze. [1971]. vol. II, pl. 70; H. Daffner. Salome: ihre Gestalt in Geschichte und Kunst ... Munich 1912. p. 129)

Parables -- Lazarus and the Rich Man: [Bonifazio Pa] Bonifazio Veronese (Bonifazio de'Pitati) (1487-1553). The Parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man. Venice, Accademia. Includes a musical ensemble of a lady playing a lute and men playing a bass viol and singing. (1962 catalog: Galleria dell'Accademia di Venezia. Ed. S. Moschini Marconi. cat. no. 24, fig. 25 [poor reproduction]; van Marle Iconographie vol. I, p. 99 [poor reproduction]; P. Molmenti. Venezia. Bergamo 1905. [Italia artistica, 3] p. 101 [poor reproduction]; TCI. Venezia e la sua laguna. Milan 1947. [Attraverso l'Italia, 30] p. 188 [poor reproduction]; D. Westphal. Bonifazio Veronese. Munich 1931. fig. 18; Early Music 6 [1978] 40 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.P681.25L)

Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (two musical angels).

[Luini Pa] Luini, Bernardo (ca. 1481/2-1532). Mary and Joseph Returning from their Wedding. Milan Brera (originally for the Cappella di San Giuseppe in Santa Maria della Pace, Milan). In the procession a rather wild-looking fellow holds a lute. Unusual iconography. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 125 [fair reproduction]; exh Luino, 1975: Sacro e profano nella pittura di Bernardo Luini. b & w fig. 83. Says the man with the lute is one of Joseph's companions [one of the ones with branches which did not sprout?]. Probably begun before 1514, reconstructed in the Brera in 1903.)

[Zaganelli Pa] Zaganelli, Francesco (ca.1470-1532). The Baptism of Christ. London NG. A draped young woman (Mary Magdalene?) leans on a lute and looks upward as in a swoon. (1937 Illustrations: Italian Schools. no. 3892, p. 391 [poor reproduction])

III: Miscellaneous Religious Subjects

Assumption of the Virgin: See Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (more than four musical angels); Miscellaneous Figures, Putti (two musical putti)..

Coronation of the Virgin: See Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (four musical angels) (more than four musical angels).

Virgin, Birth of: See Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (three musical angels).

Virgin, Marriage of the: [Signorelli Pa] Signorelli, Luca (ca.1441/50-1523), School, or Signorelli and Assistant. Marriage of the Virgin. Washintgon NGA (Kress K2123) (ex Kassel). Among the group of youths at the left, one tunes a lute and one plays a psaltery. (L. Dussler. Signorelli ... Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 168, as after 1510; F. R. Shapley. Paitings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection. Italian Schools XV-XVI Centuries. London 1968. fig. 213, as Signorelli and assistant. Notes that datings vary from ca. 1490-ca.1510, and that it may have been the predella for the Annunciation altarpiece [Volterra, Pinacoteca], which is dated 1491. Lists provenance and earlier exhibits.)

Virgin and Child: See Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians, Minstrels, etc.; Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (two musical angels), (three musical angels), (four musical angels); Miscellaneous Figures, Putti (two musical putti).

IV: Saints

St. Catherine, Mystic Marriage of: See Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (three musical angels)

St. Cecilia: [Moretto da Brescia Pa] Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino) (ca.1498-1554). Virgin and Child in Glory with Five Female Saints (1540). Verona, S. Giorgio in Braida/S. Giorgio Maggiore. St. Cecilia holds (upside down) a portative organ. On the ground in front there are a rebec, lute, two recorders and cornett. It's a good illustration with which to play "what is wrong with this picture." (G. Gombosi. Moretto da Brescia. Basel 1943. cat. no. 189, pl. 77; A. P. de Mirimonde. Sainte Cécile ou les métamorphoses d'un thème musical. Geneva 1974. pl. 71; Kinsky p. 11 [detail]; Art Bulletin 64 [1982]; Vis. Coll. 372.M815.34[g])

[Ulocrino Me] "Ulocrino" (op. early 16th century). St. Cecilia. ex Kress Collection. low relief bronze plaquette. St. Cecilia sings and plays a portative organ. Not played: guitar, lute, lyre. unimp. (1965 catalog of the Kress Collection: Renaissance Bronzes. ed. J. Pope-Hennessy. no. 239, fig. 343)

Other: [In Bologna San Domenico] Zambelli, Fra Damiano (a.1490-1549). The Baptism of San Domenico. Bologna, San Domenico, choir. intarsia. Includes figures singing and with a lute and a recorder. There is another recorder on a table.. (F. Venturino Alce. Il coro di San Domenico in Bologna. Blolgna 1969. p.181)

[Sodoma Pa] Il Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi) (1477-1549). Florentines Sending Wicked Women to the Monastery, from scenes from the Life of St. Benedict. Monte Oliveto Maggiore. Above, a figure leaning from a balcony has a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.So21.38B3a)

V: Mythology

Apollo/Minerva and the Muses: [BI Venice 1516] Anon. Apollo and the Muses at the Spring of Parnassus. woodcut. Passe-partout illustration. There are only seven female figures. Apollo plays a renaissance fiddle. The Muses (?) play lute (?, partly visible, looks rather like an unwaisted guitar), recorder, corno torto, straight trumpet and cymbals. Appears in Le Cose Uulgare de Missere Colantonio Carmignano. Venice, Georgio di Rusconi Milanese, 1516. (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano. Milan 1908. fig. 11. As Apollo e le Muse alla fonte di Parnaso. Gentili notes [p. 28] that this illustration was frequently used as a frontispiece.)

[Aspertini Fr] Aspertini, Amico (ca. 1475-1552). Apollo (?) and the Muses (1535/6). Minerbio, Castelo Isolani, Sala dell'Astronomia. fresco. Is it Apollo or Mercury? (Kropfinger-von Kügelgen says is Apollo.) Among the Muses Terpsichore? has a lute. In poor condition. (H. Kropfinger-von Kügelgen. Amico Aspertinis malerisches Werk. Bonn 1973 [Diss.] cat. no. 31, pl. 68 [detail, with lute]. Based on the so-called Tarocchi. The identification of the Muses apparently from the Tarocchi and not from any indication on the fresco itself.)

[Caldara Pa] Caldara, Polidoro (Polidoro da Caravaggio) (1490-1543). Apollo and the Muses. Vaduz, Liechtenstein Coll. grisaille painting, perhaps from an organ. One of the Muses plays a lute. (Schubring no. 847, pl. CLXXVIII [poor reproduction])

[Romanino Pa] Il Romanino (Girolamo Romani) (1484/7-1562?), attr. Apollo [Hercules?] and the Muses. private collection. One of the Muses holds a lute. They are odd-looking Muses with quite masculine faces. In poor condition and retouched. (exh Brescia, 1965: Mostra di Girolamo Romanino. Ed. G. Panazza. cat. no. 76, tav. 148 [fair reproduction])

Muses (without Apollo/Minerva): [Fogolino Pa] Fogolino, Marcello (1483/88-p.1558?), attr. The Muses, Cavaliers and Pegasus in a Landscape. London NG. One of the Muses has a lute. (L. Puppi. Marcello Fogolino ... Trento 1966. pp. 24-25 [poor reproduction]; 1937 Illustrations. Italian Schools. cat. no. 3093, p. 312 [poor reproduction]. As ascribed to Romanino.)

[BI Venice 1525] Anon. Nine Muses, title page border of Pietro Aron, Tratto della Natura et Cognitione di tutti gli Tuoni di Canto figurate ... Venice 1525. woodcut. "Terpsichore" plays a lute or guitar (head not visible). (MGG I, col. 666 [useless reproduction])

Orpheus and the Animals: [Fr Padua Casa Parmio] Anon. [first half, 16th century?]. Orpheus and the Animals. Padua, Casa già Parmio in Via Savonarola. exterior fresco (very deteriorated). Orpheus sings to his lute. unimp. (CR Venice 1976: Tiziano e Venezia. black & white fig. 351)

[Peregrino Pr] Peregrino, Stefano (op. early 16th century). Orpheus and the Animals. niello print. Orpheus plays a lute. unimp. (E. Ruhmer. Francesco del Cossa. Munich 1959. pl. II; C. Zigrosser. Six Centuries of Fine Prints. New York 1937. fig. 139 [tiny reproduction])

Venus: [Brusasorci Pa] Brusasorci, Domenico (1494-1567). Venus and Cupid. Budapest SM. Includes an unplayed lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B838.4V)

Other: [Po Castel Durante] Italian (Castel Durante) (Giovanni Maria, op. ca. 1490-ca. 1520). Three Cupids Tormenting a Centaur. London V&A. majolica plate. On the ground a lute and panpipes. Suggesting Apollo tormenting Marsyas? (1940 Catalog: Italian Majolica. no. 528, pl. 83 [minuscule reproduction])

[Biagio d'Antonio Ca] Biagio d'Antonio (op. 1476-1504) Assistant. Story of the Argonauts. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. cassone panel. Orpheus,asked to take part, asking counsel of Chiron. Four figures on a flat-topped rock include players of rebec and lute. (Bardini sale, 1899, cat. no. 62; 1971 catalog: Italian Painting I: Florentine School. p. 144; van Marle X [1928] 568 [useless reproduction]. As School of Pesellino; Schubring no. 296, pl. LXXI. As Follower of Francesco Pesellino, ca. 1470; Vis. Coll. 372.B4695.4A)

[Bonifazio Pa] Bonifazio Veronese (Bonifazio de'Pitati) (1487-1553), attr. Banquet of Dido and Aeneas. location unknown. The banquet is accompanied by three musicians including a man plays a bass or contrabass viol and a woman playing a lute. (Florence, Kunsthistorisches Institut, Mitteilungen, XVI, p. 177 [poor reproduction])

[Cima Dr] Cima, Giovanni Battista (Cima da Conegliano) (ca. 1460-1517/18). Maritime Creatures. Berlin. drawing. One has a sort of lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372d.C491.40[a])

[Fogolino Pa] Fogolino, Marcello (op. ca. 1510-1548), attr. Musicians in a Landscape (Mythological Scene?). Vicenza MC. Three draped women play fiddle, lute and recorder. (Il Museo Civico di Vicenza: dipinti e sculture dal XIV al XV secolo. Ed. F. Barbieri. Vicenza 1962. p. 134; Arte veneta 15 [1961] 227)

VI: Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures

See also Old Testament, Jephthah; Allegory, Amor; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties/.

[BI Venice 1522] Anon. Five Allegorical Figures, from Baldassar Olimpo, Ardelia. [Venice ca. 1525-1530]. woodcut. "Olympo" plays a fiddle, an unnamed figure plays a lute and "Ardelia" may sing. (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano. Milan 1908. fig. 23, as "Concerto amoroso." Notes [p. 197] that the illustration was already inserted in the Venice 1522 edition of Camilla. [cf. Essling III, no. 2168, pp. 448-9, illus. p. 448.] Much copied in editions of Ardelia.)

VII: Allegory

Amor: [BI Milan 1505] Anon. Amor and Chastity Reconciled through Music, from Historia de Fiorio e Biancifiore. Milan, Impressum Mediolani per Petrum Martirem de Mantegaciis. Ad instanciam Iohannis Iacobi & fratrum de Legnano, 1505. woodcut. "Amor" has a lute and "Chevoi" has a renaissance fiddle. (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 17; Notes C. Santro. Libri illustrati milanesi del Rinascimento. Milan 1956. no. 92, pp. 107-109.)

Love and Sex: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties; Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians, Minstrels, etc..

Italian (Venetian), late 15th century. Wedding cup. Prague NM. Includes a bride and groom in painted roundels. She holds fruit and foliage. He holds a lute. (Arte veneta 15 [1961] 280)

[Titian Pa] Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (ca.1487/90-1576). Venus and Cupid with a Lute Player. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum. A man plays a lute; Venus, crowned by Cupid, holds a recorder; and there is an unplayed bass viol. (J. W. Goodson. "Titian's 'Venus and Cupid with a lute-player' in the Fitzwilliam Museum." Burlington 107 [1965] 494. Considers [pp. 521-22] the Fitzwilliam version to be an original and considers the New York version left unfinished by Titian and subject to alterations by a later Venetian painter; D. Nutter. "Ippolito Tromboncino, cantore al liuto." I Tatti Studies 3 [1989] 127-174. BHA 1991/4, no. 18352: "... considers the suggestion that Titian's Venus and Cupid with a Lute Player [Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum] may portray Franceschina [Bellamano] as Venus and Tromboncino as the lutenist."; R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. vol. II, fig. 477, as 1560-1562. Considers the New York version a derivation of this, with the intervention of Titian; W. G. Studdert-Kennedy. "Titian: The Fitzwilliam Venus." Burlington 100 [1958] 349-351, this reproduced p. 348. Considers the Holkham Hall version [the one now in New York] a copy of this; H. E. Wethey. The Paintings of Titian, III ... London 1975, cat. no. 46, pll. 123-125, as ca. 1565. Considers this [p. 67] not as good as the New York version; Fitzwilliam Museum. The Fitzwilliam Museum; an Illustrated Survey. Clairvaux 1958. no. 52; CR Venice 1976: Tiziano e Venezia. b&w fig. 35; Vis. Coll. 372.T535.1.4V)

[Titian Pa] _______. Venus and Cupid with a Lute Player. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. A man plays a lute; Venus, crowned by Cupid, holds a recorder; and there is an unplayed bass viol. In the background a man leaning against a tree plays the bagpipes. (P. H. Bilzer et al. Das grosse Buch der Malerei. Braunschweig 2/1960. p. 378 [color reproduction]; O. Brendel. "The Interpretation of the Holkham Venus." Art Bulletin 28 (1946) 65-75 and letters 29 (1947) 65-67 (U. Middeldorf), 67-69 (O. Brendel); Lesure pl. 39 [English edition] and pl. 45 [German edition]; R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. vol. II, fig. 478, as ca. 1562-64. Considers it not finished by Titian but by a late 17th-century Venetian who, among others, has repainted the heads of Venus and Cupid; H. E. Wethey. The Paintings of Titian, III ... London 1975, cat. no. 45, pl. 122, as ca. 1565/70, left unfinished at the time of Titian's death; Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 10; 1973 catalog: Italian Paintings. Venetian School. Ed. F. Zeri. New York 1973. pl. 93, as probably ca. 1560-65. Apparently begun by Titian and left unfinished in his atelier. Finished late16th to early 17th century by a Venetian artist indluenced by both Titian and Tintoretto; Masterpieces of Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York n.d. p. 23 [color reproduction]; CR Venice, 1976: Tiziano e Venezia, b&w fig. 36; Burlington 107 [1965] 520; Vis. Coll. 372.T535.4V[p]) See also notes for the version in Cambridge (Fitzwilliam Museum), above.

Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Brusasorci Pa] Brusasorci, Domenico (1494-1567). Allegory of Music. Chicago Art Institute. Includes female figures playing a positive organ and a lute, and a male figure playing a flute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B838.4M)

[Caldara Pa] Caldara, Polidoro (Polidoro da Caravaggio) (1490-1543). Allegory of Music. Vaduz, Liechtenstein Coll. grisaille painting, perhaps from an organ. Among the myriad musical instruments, at least four lutes. (Schubring no. 846, pl. CLXXVIII)

[Giorgione Fr] Giorgione (ca. 1476-1510). Frieze with Attributes of the Liberal Arts. Castelfranco, Casa Marta-Pellizari. fresco. Includes a lute among the numerous unplayed musical instruments. (T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. fig. 66)

[Giorgione Fr] _______. Another. (T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. fig. 62)

[Lotto Pa] Lotto, Lorenzo (ca. 1480-1556). The Arts of the Quadrivium. location unknown (formerly von Halden collection, Florence). Trompe l'oeil ceiling figures include a woman playing a lute and a woman singing. (B. Berenson. Lorenzo Lotto. London 1956. fig. 257)

[Udine Fr] Udine, Giovanni da (1487-1564). Allegory of Music. Florence, Palazzo Vecchio, Sala del Tesoretto, ceiling. fresco. Three female figures play a bowed stringed instrument, lute and flute. (Vis. Coll. 372.Ud55.40[c]1a)

Planets: [Ms Modena Estense Ms lat.209.X.2.14] Lombard (circle of Cristoforo de Predis, doc. 1471-m.1486), late 15th century. The Children of Venus, from Johannes de Sacrobosco, De Sphaera. Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Ms lat. 209.X.2.14. Includes figures playing (separately) lute and harp. (F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro. Milan 1913. p. 617; A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 68)

Temperaments: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Other.

Vice/Virtue: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (four musical angels).

Other: [Raffaele da Brescia In] Raffaele da Brescia (1479-1539). Allegory. Bologna, San Michele in Bosco. intarsia. In a garden a semi-nude woman holds a lute. (R. Renzi, ed. San Michele in Bosco. Bologna 1971. p. 201 [fine color reproduction])

[Cariani Pa] Cariani (Giovanni Busi) (ca.1485-1548), attr. Two Allegorical Figures. Bergamo, Accademia Carra di Belle Arti. A woman plays a (barely visible) lute. A somnolent man holds a renaissance fiddle. (1964 catalog, pl. 47; A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ...i Milan 1980. fig. 4; A. McN. Kettering. The Dutch Arcadia ... Montclair NJ 1983. fig. 139; Vis. Coll. 372.C193.90[c] [poor reproduction])

[Carpaccio Dr] Carpaccio, Vittore (op. 1490-d.1523/6). A Monk and Three Musicians in a Room. London BM. drawing. Three women play rebec and two lutes. There are other unplayed musical instruments. (Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the Brisith Museum. London 1950. pl. XXX; G. Mazzariol and T. Pignatti. Storia dell'arte italiana, II. Milan 1961. p. 419)

[Giorgione Fr] Giorgione (ca. 1476-1510). Frieze : "Territ [Terit] omnia Tempus." Castelfranco, Casa Marta-Pellizari. fresco. Includes a lute among the unplayed musical instruments. (A. Mariuz. "Appunti per una lettera del fregio giorgionesco di Casa Marta-Pellizzari." In: Liceo-Gonnasio "Giorgione." Castelfranco Veneto 1966. unnumb. pl.)

[Giorgione-Titian Pa] _______ and Titian. "Concert champêtre." Paris Louvre. Indluces a man with a lute and a nude woman holding a recorder. (M. Bonicatti. Aspetti dell'umanesimo nella pittura veneta dal 1455 al 1515. Rome 1964. p. 91; _______. "Tiziano e la cultura musicale del suo tempo." In: CR Venice 1976: Tiziano e Venezia, b&w fig. 316; P. Fehl. "The hidden genre: a study of Giorgione's Concert champêtre in the Louvre." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 16 [1957-58] 153-168; E. Fischer. "Orpheus and Calaïs. On the subject of Giorgione's Concert champetre." In: D. de Hoop Scheffer et al. Liber amicorum Karel G. Boon. Amsterdam 1974. pp. 71-77; A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. esp. pp. 15-26 and fig. 3; L. Gianoli and G. Mascherpa. La pittura e la musica. Milan 1967. pl. XIX [fine color reproduction]; M. Hours. "Examen sommaire fait au laboratoire d'etudes scientifiques de la peinture du Musée du Louvre sur le tableau de Giorgione, Le concert champêtre." Bollettino d'arte 40 [1953] 310- Concludes [according to Wethey III, pp. 10-15, who considers this the definitive study] that the composition appears to have been laid out by Giorgione but completed in the main by Titian. Thinks only the seated nude finished by Giorgione, while the lute player completely by Titian; F. Lesure. Musik und Gesellschaft im Bild ... Kassel 1966. pl. 3; A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 116 [color reproduction]; R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. fig. 55; T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. pl. 157, p. 55 [fine color detail of the lute]; H. E. Wethey. The Paintings of Titian, III ... London 1975. cat. 29, pl. 2 [detail], 3; Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 7; Exh Berlin, Schloss Charlottenburg, 1983: Bilder vom irdischen Glück. pl 10 [color repruduction]; Musica calendar 1973: 8-21 July [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.G435.90[b]2)

[Maineri Pa] Maineri, Gian Francesco de (doc. 1491-1505), attr. Allegory. Bucharest, National Gallery. Figures play lute and plucked viol, and six figures dance. (F. Grunfeld. The Art and Times of the Guitar ... London 1969. p. 32 [with so-so detail], as by Ercole de'Roberti; S. Zamboni. Pittori di Ercole I d'Este. Milan 1975. pl. 8b, as Il buon auspicio (one of a pair with Il cattivo auspicio) and probably based on an unknown literary text; 1898 catalog of the collection of Charles I or Romania, no. 8, as by Luca Signorelli; Burlington 133 [1991] 282)

[Mancini Pa] Mancini, Domenico (doc. 1511), attr. Two Lovers. location unknown. Two figures. The woman has a lute. The man has his hand on her shoulder and looks intently at her. (La Revue des Arts I [1951] 75 [fuzzy but adequate reproduction])

[Previtali Pa] Previtali, Andrea (ca. 1470-1528). Four Allegorical Figures. London art market (1963). One of them, a woman, plays a lute. (sale, Sotheby's, 3.VII.1963; Burlington 105 [1963], June ad p. xxv)

[Romanino Dr] Il Romanino (Girolamo Romani) (1484/7-1562?), attr. Five Figures. Florence, Uffizi. drawing. Sort of a sheet of studies, including three figures -- two women and a man -- with lutes. (A. Forlani Tempesti and A. M. Petrioli Tofani. I grandi disegni italiani degli Uffizi. Milan [197-]. no. 26, p. 40; exh Brescia, 1965: Mostra di Girolamo Romani. Ed. G. Panazza. tav. 206)

[Titian Pa] Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (ca.1487/90-1576). Allegory. Vienna KH. Five figures, including a woman playing a lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.T535.4[a])

[Titian Dr] _______. Three Figures in a Landscape. private collection. drawing. A woman plays a lute and a man plays a flute. The lute is vaguely sketched, the player's right hand sort of positioned like the right hand ot the lute player in the Giorgione-Titian Concert champêtre (Paris Louvre), the player's left hand like that of no other sixteenth-century lute player but much like that of the bouzouki player in Ingres' Odalesque. The flute player is right handed, but each hand faces the wrong way. Hmm. (CR Venice, 1976: Tiziano e Venezia. b&w fig. 276 [ok reproduction])

X: Portraits and Conversation Pieces

[Pa Attingham Park] Anon., early 16th century [i.e. 19th-century British in the style of Giorgione?]. Conversation Piece. Attingham Park, N.T. A Man holds a lute, a lady plays a lute and a youth plays a renaissance fiddle. (G. Mazzotti. Ville venete. Rome 1957. As "in the manner of Giorgione." As "Concerto alla corte di Caterina Cornaro ad Asolo [Treviso]."; T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. pl. 231. As by a follower of Giorgione. Notes extensive repainting, which makes identification difficult. Most likely depicts Caterina Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, in Asolo with a group of artists under her patronage, to which, 1500-1510, Giorgione belonged.; A. R. Turner. The Vision of Landscape in Renaissance Italy. Princeton NJ 1966. fig. 52)

[Bacchiacca Pa ] Bacchiacca, Il (Francesco Ubertini) (1494-1557). A Young Man Playing a Lute. New Orleans, Isaac Delgado Museum of Art. With hour glass. Pose similar to that of the angel in the Albertinelli Annunciation (Florence). He clearly doesn't play. (Connoisseur 148 [1961] 281; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 322)

[Bacchiacca Pa] _______. Portrait of a Woman Playing a Lute. private collection. (exh Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, 1940: Mostra del cinquecento Toscano. pl. 12)

[Cariani Pa] Cariani (Giovanni Busi) (ca.1485-1548). Lute Player. Strasbourg MBA. (Vis Coll. 372.C193.50[o])

[Cariani Pa] _______. Portrait of a Venetian Musician Named Baldassare/Baldissera Donato. private collection. He holds a fluffy little dog and there is a lute and a music book on the table in front of him. (MGG vol. 3, col. 658 [small, fuzzy reproduction]. Notes the sitter may or may not be the Baldassare Donato, with dates ca. 1530-1603; The New Grove vol. 5, p. 543 [poor reproduction], gives Donato's dates as 1525/30-1603 and suggests the portrait was probably painted before 1547.)

[Melzi Pa] Melzi, Francesco (1493-1570), attr. Portrait of a Young Woman Holding a Lute. Detroit, Institute of Arts. She stands in front of an orange tree and caresses the strings of the lute while looking adoringly at it. (Connoisseur 127 [1951] 40)

[Palma Vecchio Pa] Palma Vecchio (1480-1518), School of. Portrait of Three Women. London NG. One plays a lute, one holds a lute, and the third holds a sheet of music which no one looks at. (Illustrations: Italian Schools. London 1937. cat. no. 2903, p. 266 [poor reproduction]; G. Mariacher. Palma il Vecchio. Milan 1968. fig. 80, suggests a better attribution would be Venetian, 16th century)

[Palma Vecchio Pa] _______, attr. Portrait of a Woman Holding a Lute. private colelction. Of the lute only the head and a bit of the neck are visible. (G. Mariacher. Palma il Vecchio. Milan 1968. fig. 82; A. Spahn. Palma Vecchio. Leipzig 1932. pl. XXVI, as ca.1515-18)

[Pontormo Pa] Il Pontormo (Jacopo Carrucci) (1494-1556), attr. A Youth Playing a Lute. Paris, Musée Jacquemart-André. He's sitting in an armchair, which must be awkward, playing a huge lute. There is an open music book in front of him. He actually looks as though he might know how to play. (G. Lafenestre et al. Le Musée Jacquemart-André. Paris 1914. p. 25; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 125 [1995] 147)

[Solario Pa] Solario, Andrea (op. 1502-1514). Portrait of a Young Woman Playing a Lute. Rome GN. It's a large lute. (L. Cogliati Arano. Andrea Solario. n.p. 1965, 2/1966. fig. 110, as probably Rome 1514; F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro, III. Milan 1917. p.102 [poor reproduction]; I. P. Richter. La collezione Hertz e gli affreschi di Giulio Romano nel Palazzo Zuccari. Rome 1928. pl.XXXII; Vis. Coll. 372.So41.90[a])

[Titian Pa] Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (ca.1487/90-1576). Portrait of Gerolamo Melchiorre and Francesco Santo da Pesaro. private collection. Melchiorre holds a lute, perhaps a small one. There is a woodwind instrument on the table and Francesco has his hand on a small, oblong partbook. (H. E. Wethey. The Paintings of Titian, III ... London 1975. Addenda II, cat. no. 77A, as ca. 1542; Burlington 113 [1971] 697 [fair reproduction], as ca. 1544)

[Veneziano Pa] Veneziano, Bartolomeo (op. 1502-1530). Portrait of a Young Woman Playing a Lute (1520). Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. (H. C. Slim. "Multiple Images of Bartolommeo Veneto's Lute-Playing Woman (1520)," in: J. A. Owens and A. M. Cummings, eds. Music in Renaissance Cities and Courts, Studies in Honor of Lewis Lockwood. Warren MI 1996, pp.405-464, this repr. pl. B1; Scherliess cat. no. XXVIIB, Abb. 45; Vis. Coll. 372.V554.90[a])

[Veneziano Pa] _______. Version in Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum. (Slim [see Boston entry] pl. B3)

[Veneziano Pa] _______. Version in Milan, Brera. (Slim [see Boston entry] pl. B6; A. O. Della Chiesa. Brera. 1953. p. 48; C. Jacini. Il viaggio del Po, II. Milan 1938. p. 105, with location: Milan, Ambrosiana. As portrait of Cecilia Galleriani; F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro. Milan 1913, p. 513. As portrait of Cecilia Gallerani [cf. Slim 1996, pp. 416-418]; Great Museums of the World: Brera, Milan. New York 1970. p. 106; Scherliess cat. no. XXVIIA, Abb. 44; Vis. Coll. 372.V554.90[a]R)

_______. For reproductions and commentary on the numerous other versions of this painting, see Slim (Boston entry).

[Zacchia Pa] Zacchia Family, member of. A Lady and a Youth. private collection. The youth plays a lute. The lady seems to be his doting mother. (Burlington 103 [1961] 320. Notes exh Norwich Castle Museum, 1961: Music and Painting ; Early Music 9 [1981] January cover [fine color reproduction], as Florentine, 16th century)

[Zacchia Pa] Zacchia di Antonio da Vezzano or Zacchia il Vecchio (b. late 15th century, m. p. 1561). Portrait of a Young Gentleman. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Includes a lute and a recorder (only the bell visible). (1971 catalog: Italian Painting. Florentine School. ed. F. Zeri. p. 208)

XI: Still Life

[In Bologna San Petronio] Marone, Roberto or Raffaele da Brescia (1479-1539). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Bologna, San Petronio, Cappella del SS Sacramento. intarsia. Includes a lute (two broken strings), two tambourines and a triangle. The lute perspective is virtually identical with the result in Dürer's The Perspective of the Lute. (Sartori, C., ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol. I, tav. 143 [ok reproduction])

[In Mantua Palazzo Ducale] Mola, Antonio (op. 1485-m.p.1532) and Paolo (op. 1485-m.1545). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Mantua, Palazzo Ducale, Grotta nuova of Isabella d'Este. intarsia chest. Includes a bentside spinet, harp and lute. (L. Ozzola. Il museo d'arte medievale e moderna nel Palazzo Ducale di Mantua. Mantua 1950. fig. 214 [miserable reproduction]; Early Music 3 [1975] 232 [detail])

[In Monteoliveto Maggiore] Giovanni da Verona (1456/57-1525). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Monteoliveto Maggiore (Siena), Abbey Church, Choir Stalls. intarsia. Includes a lute (several broken strings), cittern (no strings), two recorders and a music scroll. (Scherliess 1972 cat. no. XIV, with transcription and realization of the two-part, textless piece on the scroll, p. 99-100 [lute not illustrated])

[In New York Metropolitan] Italian -- probably workship of Giuliano (1432-1490) and Benedetto (1441-1497) da Maiano. Trompe l'oeil overdoor cupboard (begun ca. 1478, probably completed shortly after 1482), from the Studiolo of Federico da Montefeltro (Gubbio, Palazzo Ducale). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. intarsia. Among the objects depicted are a partly visible lute poking out beneath the cupboard door. (O. Raggio and A. M. Wilmering. The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio. New York 1996 [reprinted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin [Spring 1996]. p. 15 [color, in situ], 20 [splendid color detail])

[In New York Metropolitan] _______. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. In a trompe l'oeil cabinet there are a fiddle, a lute (perched diagonally on its pegbox, cf. intarsia in Ubrino, below) and two woodwind instruments (straight cornetts?). In front of the cabinet there is a positive organ. (O. Raggio and A. M. Wilmering. The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio. New York 1996 [reprinted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin [Spring 1996]. p.14 [in sitù, color reproduction], p. 24 [fine color reproduction]; Winternitz Musical Instruments pl. 47a)

[In New York Metropolitan] Italian (Bolognese). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. New York, Metropolitan Musem of Art. intarsia. Includes a lute. (Winternitz Musical Instruments. pl. 47b)

[In Rome Vatican] Anon. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Rome, Vatican, Stanza della Segnatura. intarsia. Two lutes (lots of strings flying about, or, as Winternitz observes [p. 119], "undulations of broken strings fill the empty spaces"). (Winternitz 1967, pl. 48b)

[In Savona Duomo] Fornari, Anselmo de (ca. 1470-1519/21). Trompe l'oeil Panel. Savona, Duomo, Choir Stall. intarsia. One depicts a lute. unimp. (Arte lombarda 16 [1971] 232 [in sitù], 235 [fine detail]). Elena Parma Armani. "A proposito delle tarsie del Duomo di Savona e della Cattedrale di S. Lorenzo di Genova." Arte lombarda 16 [1971] 231-242. Cites P. Torriti. "Tarsie del Coro del Duomo di Savona." Commentari 1952-3, pp. 184-193.

[In Urbino Palazzo Ducale] Anon. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, Studiolo of Duke Federico da Montefeltro (1422-1482). intarsia. Includes a lute and a renaissance fiddle. (Winternitz 1967, pl. 52a; MGG vol. 8, Taf. 39/1; MgB III/8, p. 95)

Is this the same as the next entry?

[In Urbino Palazzo Ducale] Anon. (1479-82). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, Studiolo of Duke Federico da Montefeltro (1422-1482), S. side. intarsia. Includes a lute, a positive organ and a renaissance fiddle. (A. Chastel. Les arts d'Italie. Paris 1962. vol. I, opp. p. 105 [fine detail]; P. Rotondi. The Ducal Palace of Urbino. London 1969. fig. 205; ; P. Rotondi. Il palazzo ducale di Urbino. Urbino 1950. fig. 354)

[In Urbino Palazzo Ducale] _______. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, Studiolo of Duke Federico da Montefeltro. N. side. intarsia. Includes a clavichord, lute, two recorders and a tambourine. (P. Rotondi. The Ducal Palace of Urbino. London 1969. fig. 209. Says may have been after designs by Bramante [b. 1444].; P. Rotondi. Il palazzo ducale di Urbino. Urbino 1950. fig. 346, 355 [detail])

[In Urbino Palazzo Ducale} Workship of Giuliano (1432-1490) and Benedetto (1441-1497) da Maiano. Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, door to the Audience Chamber. intarsia. Includes a lute, perched diagonally on its pegbox on one door and a positive (?) organ on the other.. (O. Raggio and A. M. Wilmering. The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio. New York 1996 [reprinted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin [Spring 1996]. p. 35 [small color reproduction], as executed ca.1475-80)

[In Urbino Palazzo Ducale] Anon. (1479-82). Trompe l'oeil Door Panel. Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, Sala degli angeli. intarsia. Includes a portative (?) organ and a lute. (P. Rotondi. The Ducal Palace of Urbino. London 1969. fig. 182; P. Rotondi. Il palazzo ducale di Urbino. Urbino 1950. figs. 407, 408)

[In Verona S. Maria in Organo] Giovanni da Verona (1456-1525). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Verona, S. Maria in Organo. In a trompe l'oeil cabinet there are a rebec, a cittern (no strings), a lute, a triangle and music. (Scherliess 1972, cat. no. XVI, Abb. 61. With date 1499; Musica calendar 1979: October 7-20 [splendid color reproduction])

[Udine Dr] Udine, Giovanni da (1487-1564). Two Quail and a Lute. private collection. A good example of a perspective study of a lute (seven pegs, nine strings). Cf. Dürer, The Perspective of the Lute. (Vis. Coll. 372d.Ud55.9[b])

[Vacche In] Vacche, Fra Vincenzo della (op. 1523). Vanité scientifique. Paris, Louvre. intarsia. Includes a viola da braccio and a lute. (Pincherle p. 45 [fine detail reproduction], as by Fra Vincenzo da Verona, ca. 1515; Scherliess 1972. cat. no. XXVIII, Abb. 54, as ca. 1520; Burlington 105 [1963] 438

XII: Decorative Elements

See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels (one musical angel).

[Po Faenza London V&A] Italian (Faenza) (Master of the Resurrection Panel/Monogrammist BT or TB), ca. 1510. Border. London V&A. majolica dish. The central illustration is of Christ Disputing the Doctors. The border depicts artifacts of music, military, agriculture, chemistry, the blacksmith and weaving. Among the many musical instruments is a lute. (1940 Catalog: Italian majolica. no. 272, pl. 43 [minuscule reproduction]; Early Music 12 [1984] 373 [small reproduction)

Pellipario, Nicola (op. ca. 1515-ca.1545). Border decoration of a Castel Durante majolica plate (1530-1535). London art market (1967). Full of musical instruments, including lutes. (Burlington [1967] June ad p. lxxviii)

XIII: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor

Garden Parties: [BI n.p., n.d.] Anon. Musicians in a Walled Garden, from Seraphino Aquilano, Strambotti novi. n.p., n.d. woodcut. They play harp, lute, bagpipe and cornett (?). There is a fiddle lying on the ground. Very crude illustration. (Essling III, no. 1373, p. 55)

[BI Venice 1492] Anon. A Concert in the Garden of Love, from Giovanni Boccaccio, Decamerone. Venice, Giovanni and Gregorio de Gregorii, 1492., title page. woodcut. A lady, "Fiameta," plays a fiddle and a man, "Paphilo," plays a lute. (Essling II, no. 640, p. 98; A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 8) There is a crude copy of this in Boccaccio, Il Decamerone. Florence, Philippo Giunta, 1516. (Essling II, no. 645, p. 104; MgB III/9, Abb. 82)

[BI Venice 1492] _______, p. 5. Figures in a Garden. A man holds/dangles a lute. (Essling II, no. 640, p. 99)

[BI Venice 1492] _______. p. 51. Figures outside a Villa. A man serenades with his lute. (Essling vol. II, no. 640, p. 99; C. Zigrosser. Six Centuries of Fine Prints. New York 1937. fig. 3 [tiny reproduction], as 1491) There is a crude copy of this in Boccaccio, Dechamerone. Venice, Bartolomeo Zanni, 1510. (Essling II, no. 644, p. 99) There is a very similar crude copy in Boccaccio, Il Decamerone. Venice, Bernardino de Viano, 1525. (Essling II, no. 647, p. 106)

[BI Venice 1495] Anon. Garden Scene with a Lute Player Sitting on a Wall. woodcut. Passe-partout illustration. Appears as the title page illustration of Giovanni Boccaccio, Fiametta. Venice [Giovanni Rosso & Bernardinus Vercellensis?] [9]/1511. (Mortimer no. 68, p. 96 [small reproduction]. Notes that it also appears in the 1495 and 1511 editions of Pietro de'Crescenzi, De agricultura vulgare.)

[BI Venice 1499] Anon. Figures around a Pool, from Francesco Colonna, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Venice, Aldus Manutius, 1499. woodcut. A Garden of Love. A figure leans on a harp. On the ground there are a fiddle, a harp, a lyre with a soundboard, a lute, and perhaps a tambourine. (A. Chastel. The Flowering of the Italian Renaissance. New York 1965. p. 121; A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 6; Hirth no. 563; Early Music 10 [1982] 235; Arte veneta 17 [1963] 31)

[BI Venice ca.1500] Anon. Hommage to Venus. woodcut. Passe-partout illustration. Musicians playing lute, harp, one-hand woodwind and conical woodwind serenade a woman holding a mirror as blindfolded Amor raises his arrow. Appears in Luca Pulci, Driadeo d'Amore (Venice ca. 1500). (D. P. Bliss. A History of Wood Engraving. London 1928. p. 78 [clear reproduction]) Appears in Inamoramento de Paris et Viena (Venice 1511). (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 24. He notes [p. 31] that the illustration is not related to the text.)

[BI Venice 1506] Anon. Musicians in a Walled Garden/Serenade in The Garden of Love. woodcut. Passe-partout illustration. Musicians play lute, harp, woodwind (recorder?) and tambourine. A woman stands outside and listens. Appears in Leonardo Justiniano, Canzonette e strambotti d'amore. Venice, Melchior Sessa, 1506. (Essling III, no. 1514, p. 124) Appears in Strambotti nouamente da diuersi auctori che sono in preposito a ciaschuno chi e ferito d'amore. Venice, Marchion, n.d. (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano. Milan 1908. fig. 7. Gentili notes its appearance in several other publications and observes that it often has nothing to do with the text.)

[BI Venice 1512] Anon. The Coronation of a Poet, from Pietro Aretino, Strambotti Sonetti ... Venice, Nicolo Zopino, 1512. woodcut. Accompanied by a man playing a lute. (Essling III, no. 1750, p. 243; A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano. Milan 1908. fig. 10, with title as Opera Noua del Fecundissimo Giouene Pietro Pictore Arretino; Early Music 7 [1979] 378)

Anon., ca. 1480. The Garden of Love. Paris, Musée de Cluny. carved wooded cassone. Figures at the left play harp, lute (a lady) and two straight trumpets. Figures at the right play mandora, woodwind and two trumpets. (Schubring no. 744, pl. CLVIII)

Bonifazio Veronese (Bonifazio de'Pitati) (1487-1553). Gardens of a Villa in the Veneto. private collection. In the center foreground a musical ensemble with men playing viola da braccio, bass viol and recorder(?) and a woman playing a lute. A man with a music book presumably sings. (Vis. Coll. 372.P681.8Ve)

Street Scenes: See also Saints, Other.

[BI Venice 1514] Anon. A Serenade Beneath a Lady's Window, from Fiorette de cose nove nobilissime de diversi auctori. Venice, Simon de Luere, 1514. woodcut. (Essling III, no. 1615, p. 172; N. Dufourcq, ed. La musique: Les hommes, les instruments, les oeuvres. Paris 1965. vol. I, p. 157) A version which seems of slightly lesser quality appears in Stramboti Composti nouamente da diuersi auctori (Venice, ca. 1515). (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano. Milan 1908. fig. 22)

XIV: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor

Parties/Music Parties: [Garofalo Fr] Garofalo (Benvenuto Tisi) (1481-1559), attr. Trompe l'oeil Figures on a Balcony. Ferrara, Palazzo Costabili (called Palazzo di Lodovico il Moro), Sala del Tesoro or Aula Costabiliana. fresco. A man holds a violin/viola da braccio, a viol leans against the balcony railing, a lady holds a lute, a man holds a harp, and a drum hangs from the balustrade. There are also singers. The lute is clearly depicted (6-course). (G. Agnelli. Ferrara e Pomposa. Bergamo 3/1906. p. 121 [detail of lute, singers]; _______. Ferrara e Pomposa. Bergamo 1906 [Italia artistica, 2] unnumb. pl. at back, as by Ercole Grandi; R. van Marle. Iconographie de l'art profane au Moyen-Age et à la Renaissance ... The Hague 1931, R/New York 1971. vol. I, p. 52 [fair reproduction, including the viol and the lute], as by Ercole Grandi; A. Neppi. Il Garofalo. Milan 1959. pl. IV [color reproduction of the entire ceiling], pl. V [color detail of lute, viol and singers], fig. 2 [detail of lute and viol], as between 1505-1508; M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 31 [fine detail of lute and viol]; Vis. Coll. 372. G7632.90[a], as by Ercole Grandi; more on cards)

Other: [BI Venice 1523] Anon. Pietro Aron as a Music Teacher, Surrounded by his Students, from his Trattato della natura ... di canto figurato. Venice ** 1525. woodcut. Aron strikes the traditional pose of the Melancholic. On a table in the foreground there are a fiddle, a lute, a recorder, and two books. (MGG vol. 1, Taf. XXV; Kinsky p. 109) The same illustration appears in Aron's Toscanello in musica. Venice, Bernardino and Matteo de'Vitali, 1523 (Early Music 5 [1977] 135) and in the later edition published Venice, Melchiorre Sessa, 1539 (Mortimer, no. 1, p. l). See also Miscellaneous Figures, Putti (four musical putti).

XV: Miscellaneous Figures

Angels (one musical angel): [Ms New York Morgan 946] Italian (probably Rome), ca. 1480. Title page of Martial, Epigrammata. New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, Ms 946, fol. 1. manuscript illumination. An angel plays a lute (and putti play woodwind and tambourine). (Annual Report ... 16 [1969-71] pl. 1)

[Ms Siena S. Maria della Scala] Beccafumi, Domenico (ca.1486-1551). Page from an Antiphonary, with Initial D with the Madonna of the Snow. Siena, Spedale di S. Maria della Scala. manuscript illumination. An angel in the border tunes a lute. (Burlington 133 [1991] 772)

[Ms Vienna OeNB?] [Matteo di Milano and Tommaso da Modena?** (doc. 1502-1512)]. Adoration of the Child, from a Breviary of Ercole d'Este. Vienna OeNB?. manuscript illumination. An angel plays a lute. There are only four figures: Mary, Joseph, the Christ Child and the lute playing angel. (F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro, III. Milan 1913. p. 216. As Collection of the Archduke of Austria)

[Pa Venice Seminario] Italian (Milanese), late 15th-early 16th century. Holy Family with an Angel Playing a Lute. Venice, Seminario. Four figures in all, rather in the manner of a group portrait. unimp (partly visible lute). (V. Moschini. Le raccolte del Seminario di Venezia. Rome 1940. p. 33)

[Alenis Pa] Alenis (Aleni), Tommaso de (called il Fadino) (doc. 1500-1515). Adoration of the Child. Cremona MC. Five figures in all: the Virgin, Jesus, Joseph, St. John the Baptist, and an angel playing a lute. (TCI. Lombardia, parte II. Milan 1938. [Attraverso l'Italia, 3] p. 189)

[Barbari Pr] Barbari, Jacopo de' (ca. 1460/70-by 1516). Virgin and Child with Saints Anne and Paul and an Angel Playing a Lute. engraving. Only five figures, although it isn't a very impressive lute player. (J. Levenson et al. Early Italian Engraving from the [Washington DC] National Gallery of Art. Washington 1973. p. 352)

[Bartolomeo Dr] Bartolomeo, Fra (ca. 1474-probably 1517). Study for a Holy Family with an Angel with a Lute. Chantilly, Musée Condé. Vague sketch. (Vis. Coll. 372d.283.35[f]1)

[Bartolomeo Dr] _______. Coronation of the Virgin. London BM. drawing. Includes a angel playing a lute. (Hans von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartolomeo. Leipzig 1922. vol. II, no. 26, pl. 26. As ca. 1504-06)

[Bartolomeo Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Stephen and John the Baptist (1509). Lucca, Cathedral, Capella del Santuario in S. Martino. Includes a (singing?) child angel playing a lute. (L. Borgo. The Works of Mariotto Albertinelli. New York 1976. cat. no. II, 3, pl. 50. Completed in 1508; S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 55; H. von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartolomeo und die florentiner Renaissance. Leipzig 1922. vol. I, fig. 7, opp. p. 146; Burlington 124 [1982] 644; Vis. Coll. 372.B283.34[d], 34[d]3)

[Beccaruzzi Pa] Beccaruzzi, Francesco (op. ca. 1520-1550). Sacra conversazione. Conegliano, Oratorio di S. Maria delle Grazie. An angel in front of the throne plays a lute. (Arte veneta 24 [1981] 72)

[Betrucci Pa] Bertucci, Giovanni Battista (m. 1516). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Faenza, Pinacoteca. Incudes a rather glum child angel playing a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B4635.34[c]1)

[Bissolo Pa]  Bissolo, Francesco (doc. 1492-1530). Virgin and Chld with Saints/Sacra conversazione (1528). S. Floriano in Campanga, Parocchiale. An angel at the foot of the throne plays a lute (with double purfling). (Arte veneta 13-14 [1959/60] 199 [fair reproduction])

[Boccaccino Pseudo Pa] Boccaccino, Pseudo (op. early 16th century). Nativity/Adoration of the Shepherds. Allentown PA, Art Museum (Kress Coll. no. 569). Includes an angel playing a lute. (Allentown 1960 catalog, p. 55; Kress Collection, 1968 catalog, vol. II. Ed. F. R. Shapley. fig. 41. As ca. 1510; Arte lombarda 2 [1956] 90; Vis. Coll. 372.B6322.22N)

[Bonsignori Dr] Bonsignori, Francesco (op. 1487-m.1519), attr. Sheet of studies, including a Virgin and Child with Angels. Budapest SM. drawing. An angel plays a lute. unimp. (I. Fenyö. Norditalienische Handzeichnungen aus dem Museum der bildenden Künste, Budapest. Budapest 1965. pl. 4)

[Borgognone Fr] Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523). Decoration. Milan, Chiesa S. M. della Passione. fresco. Decoration includes an angel playing a lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.B649.19[b]1)

[Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Vittore (op. 1490-d.1523/6). St. John the Baptist as a Boy, with an Angel. Tisoli, Chiesa Parrochiale. The angel has a lute (vague detail). (Vis. Coll. 372.C224.34[g]2)

[Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Vittore (op. 1490-d.1523/6). Virgin and Child Entrhoned with Saints. Capo d'Istria, Cathedral. An angel plays a lute and two putti play harp and crumhorn. (A. A. Bernardy. L'Istria e la Dalmazia. Bergamo n.d. [Italia artistica, 79] p. 24, 25 [detail]; W. Hausenstein. Das Werk des Vittore Carpaccio. Stuttgart 1925. pl. 76 [poor reproduction]; TCI. Venezia, Giulia e Friuli. Milan 1955 [Attraverso l'Italia, 21] p. 195. With date 1516; P. Zampetti. Vittore Carpaccio. Venice 1966. cat. and pl. no. 73. Redone (vandalized) in 1839 by the painter Cosroë Dusi. It is impossible to judge what is Dusi and what is Carpaccio. Apparently Dusi even rewrote the music on the music book; Probably originally done with collaborators.; Vis. Coll. 372.C224.34[c])

[Cima Pa] Cima, Giovanni Battista (Cima da Conegliano) (ca. 1460-1517/18). St. Peter Enthroned between St. John the Baptist and St. Paul (1516). Milan, Brera. A winsome child angel in front of the throne plays a lute. (A. O. della Chiesa. Brera. 1953. p. 22 [poor reproduction]; L. Coletti. Cima da Conegliano. Venice 1959. pl. 142. As ca. 1516; Vis. Coll. 372.C491.38P)

[Ferrari Pa] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Holy Family/Adoration of the Child (1511). Arona, Collegiata di Santa Maria. Includes an angel playing a lute (twisted perspective). There are only five figures: Mary, Joseph, Jesus and two angels. (A. Bovero. Immagini dell'arte italiana attraverso i secoli, IV. Turin 1965. fig. 146; L. Mallè. Le arte figurative in Piemonte dalle origini al periodo romantico. Turin n.d. fig. 136; _______. Incontri con Gaudenzio. Raccolta di studie ... Turin 1969. pll. 40, 41; TCI. Piemonte orientale. Milan 1959. [Attraverso l'Italia N. S.) p. 253; exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: 2a mostra d'arte ... Gotico e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 126 [poor reproduction], pl. 127 [better])

[Ferrari Pa] _______. Nativity. Turin, Biblioteca Reale. An angel plays a lute. very unimp. (P. Toesca. Torino. Bergamo 1911. [Italia artistica, 62] p. 114)

[F Francia Pa] Francia, Francesco (ca. 1450-1517/18). Virgin and Child with Saints. Bologna PN. An angel plays a lute. unimp, just another lute player. (G. Lipparini. Francesco Francia. Bergamo 1913. p. 41; Vis. Coll. 372.F849.34[o] and 36[b])

[G Francia Pa] Francia, Giacomo (Raibolini) (ca. 1484-1557), attr. Virgin and Child with Saints. Greenville, S. C., Bob Jones University. An angel, seated on the step of the throne, plays a lute. (Bob Jones University. Collection of Religious Paintings. Greenville SC 1962. vol. I, no. 37; Vis. Coll. 372.F8493.34[f])

[G Francia Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints. Paris Louvre. An angel plays a lute. unimp. just another lute-playing angel. (Vis. Coll. 372.F8493.34[b])

[Gandolfino Pa] Gandolfino da Roreto (Gandolfino d'Asti) (doc. 1493-1510). Virgin and Child with Saints. Asti, Duomo. An angel at the foot of the throne plays a lute. Hovering angels above play viola da braccio and shawm (and two sing). (exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: 2a mostra d'arte ... Gotico e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 101)

[Gandolfino Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned, with Saints and Angels. Savigliano, S. Pietro. At the left of the throne, three angels, one of whom plays a lute. At the right of the throne, three singing angels. (Four putti below the throne play rebec, bagpipe, shawm and tambourine). (Burlington 127 [1985] 802)

[Gandolfino Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Angels. Florence art market (1969). At the left of the throne, three angels, one of whom plays a lute. At the right of the throne, three singing angels. (Howarth sale, Christie's, 14.XII.1932, lot 59;  Burlington 111 [1969] 701. Notes Mostra dell'antiquariato, Florence, 1969, as Bevilacqua.)

[Girolamo di Bernardino Pa] Girolamo di Bernardino da Udine (doc. 1506-m.1512). Coronation of the Virgin. Udine, Museo Civico. A young angel plays a lute. (L. Coletti. Cima da Conegliano. Venice 1959. pl. 150; Vis. Coll. 372.G465.31C)

[Imola Pa] Imola, Innocenzo da (1494-1660). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Milan, Galleria Crespi. The angel plays a lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.Im69.34[a])

[Imola Pa] _______. The Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Coll. H.M. the Queen, Windsor Castle. drawing. The angel plays a lute, kneeling on one knee and sitting at the same time. (Burlington 87 [1945] 174 [fair reproduction])

[Luini Pa] Luini, Bernardo (ca. 1481/2-1532). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels/Pala di S. Gerolamo. Como, Cathedral. A rather sexy, bare-legged angel plays a lute. (Putti above play rebec, tambourine and triangle.) (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. pp. 331, 332 [fair reproduction], 333 [poor detail], as La pala Raimondi; F. Frigerio. Il Duomo di Como e il Broletto. Como 1950. pl. VIII [poor color reproduction], fig. 194 [poor detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.L966.34[l])

[Luini Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Anthony and Barbara. Milan, Brera. Rather mannerist angel in front of the throne plays a lute (repainted?). unimp. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 319 [poor reproduction], p. 144 [detail of the angel]; Vis. Coll. 372.L966.34[b]) In the drawing for this (private collection [as of 1911]) the angel is more of a putto and is looking down, concentrating on its right hand. (Beltrami p. 138)

[Luini Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with St. George and an Angel. private collection. The angel plays a lute. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 550; 1898 catalog of the collection of Charles I of Rumania, no. 21; Vis. Coll. 372.L966.34[a]))

[Maineri Pa] Maineri, Gian Francesco de (doc. 1491-1505). Adoration of the Christ Child. Rotterdam BvB. An angel in a casual pose clutches a lute. (There is also a shepherd with a bagpipe in the background.) (S. Zamboni. Pittori di Ercole I d'Este. Milan 1975. pl. V [color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.M288.22A, as private collection, Florence)

Variant: private collection, Milan. (Zamboni pl. 12a)

[Mancini Pa] Mancini, Domenico (doc. 1511). Virgin and Child Enthroned (1511). Lendinara, Sacrestia del Duomo (ex S. Francesco). A very intense angel, below the throne in a rather mannerist pose, plays a lute (the hands are unconvincing, the strings of the lute are not related to the pegs). (T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. fig. 39 [splendid detail of the angel with the lute]; TCI. Veneto. Milan 1952 [Attraverso l'Italia,18] p. 75; Budapest, Szépmüvészeti Museum. Bulletin 28 [1966] 76; La Revue des Arts 1 [1951] 71)

[Marziale Pa] Marziale, Marco (op. 1492-1493). Virgin and Child with Saints. London NG. A child angel in front of the throne plays an adult-sized lute. (Early Music 3 [1975] 138 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.M369.34[a])

[Be Montagna Pa] Montagna, Benedetto (ca.1481-a.1558). Sacra conversazione (1542?). Vicenza, Chiesa del carmine. An angel in front of the throne plays a little lute. unimp. (E. Arslan. Catalogo delle cose d'arte e di antichità d'Italia: Vicenza, I: Le chiese. Rome 1956. cat. no. 62, tav. V, calls it "opera di aurea mediocrità"; La Revue des arts 11 [1961] 17)

[Pachiarotti Pa] Pachiarotti, Jacopo (Giacomo Pacchiarotto) (1474/75-ca.1540). Angel Playing a Lute. Baltimore, Museum of Art. Fragment from an altarpiece of the Assumption. Only the corpus of the lute and the right hand of the player remain. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 61 [February 1963] CdA, p. 25 [small reproduction], as gift to the Baltimore Museum; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 65 [1965] 136 [ok], as private collection)

[Palma Vecchio Pa] Palma Vecchio (1480-1528). Sacra conversazione. Vicenza, S. Stefano. An angel below the throne plays a lute. (E. Arslan. Catalogo delle cose d'arte e di antichita d'Italia: Vicenza, I: Le chiese. Rome 1956. no. 1129, tav. XCIII [ok reproduction], suggests date of 1525-28; G. Mariacher. Palma il Vecchio. Milan 1968. fig. 33 [reproduction of an unidentified engraving], as ca. 1525; G. Pettina. Vicenza. Bergamo 1912. [Italia artistica, 17] p. 139; A. Spahn. Palma Vecchio. Leipzig 1932. pl. XXXIX, as ca.1524; Vis. Coll. 372.P181.34[c])

[Palmezzano Pa] Palmezzano, Marco (ca. 1458-1539). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Forli, S. Biagio (formerly in S. Girolamo, which was destroyed in 1944). An angel at the foot of the throne plays a lute. (C. Grigioni. Marco Palmezzano ... Faenza 1956. pl. XLIV; Vis. Coll. 372.P184.34[g])

[Pellegrino da San Daniele Pa] Pellegrino da San Daniele (Martino da Battista/da Udine) (ca.1467-1547). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Cividale, S. Maria dei Battuti. A mannerist angel at the foot of the throne plays a lute. (G. Fogolari. Cividale del Friuli. Bergamo 1906. [Italia artistica, 23] p. 126)

[Quartararo Pa] Quartararo, Riccardo (doc. 1485-1501) attr. St. Cecilia. Palermo MN. A mannerist angel plays a lute. (Paolo d'Ancona. Umanesimo e rinascimento. 1953. [Storia dell'arte classica e italiana, 3] p. 257; A. P. de Mirimonde. Sainte Cécile ou les métamorphoses d'un thème musical. Geneva 1974. pl. 3, p. 17)

[Rondinelli Pa] Rondinelli, Nicolo (doc. 1495-1502). Virgin and Child, with St. John and an Angel Playing a Lute. Paris art market (1907). (Sedelmeyer 1907 sale, IIIe vente, no. 178)

[Rosso Pa] Rosso Fiorentino (Giovanni Battista di Jacopo di Guasparre Rosso) (1494-1540). An Angel Playing a Lute. Florence, Galleria Palatina. It has its cheek resting on the lute and looks intently at its right hand. (E. A. Carroll. The Drawings of Rosso Fiorentino. New York 1976. fig. 10; Vis. Coll. 372.R738.36[a])

[Savoldo Pa] Savoldo, Giovanni Gerolamo (1480-1548), and Marco Pensaben. Virgin and Child with Saints. Treviso, S. Niccoló . Includes an angel with a lute at the foot of the throne. (all my Savoldo cards are missing)

[Signorelli Pa] Signorelli, Luca (ca.1441/50-1523). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (1484). Perugia, Cathedral. In front of the throne a scantily draped angel in mannerist pose tunes a lute. (E. Carli and G. A. dell'Acqua. Profile dell'arte italiana, II. Bergamo 1964. p. 344; L. Dussler. Signorelli ... Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 40; R. A. Gallenga Stuart. Perugia. Bergamo 1907. [Italia artistica, 15] p. 137 [fair reproduction]; E. Jacobsen. Umbrische Malerei des 14., 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts ... Strasbourg 1914. pl. 14a; Kinsky p. 69; Vis. Coll. 372.Si24.34[g])

[Solario Pa] Solario, Antonio (ca.1465-1515). Holy Family with an Angel Playing a Lute. private collection. (E. Auerbach and C. Kingsley Adams. Paintings and Sculpture at Hatfield House. London 1971. cat. no. 102, fig. 71, as ca. 1514)

[F Vecellio Pa] Vecellio, Francesco (1475?-ca.1560). Virgin and Child Enthroned with SS Roch and Sebastian. Perarolo. Below the throne an angel plays a lute. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.V4995.34[i])

Angels (two musical angels): See also three musical angels, more than four musical angels (Pellegrino da S. Daniele).

[Ms London BL Add. 34,294] Anon., last quarter, 15th century. Border decoration from the Book of Hours of Bona Sforza, Duchess of Milan. London BL Ms Add. 34,294, fol. 170. manuscript illumination. Two angels play a lute and a bowed stringed instrument. (There are also six musical putti, none with lute.) (Miniatures and Borders from the Book of Hours of Bona Sforza, Duchess of Milan in the British Museum. London 1894. pl. VI. As perhaps ca. 1484-94; Vis. Coll. L843BM.Add 34294.fol.167))

[Ms art market] N. Italian (Paduan), late 15th century. Adoration of the Shepherds. Zürich art market (1961). manuscript illumination. Angels bending over the Christ Child play rebec and lute. (ex Gutekunst coll.; Burlington 103 (December 1961) Notable Works pl. VIII [fair reproduction])

[BI Venice n.d.] Anon. Virgin and Child, from Opera nova contemplativa (Biblia pauperum). Venice, Giovanni Andrea Vavassone, n.d. p. H7. woodcut. Flanked by standing angels playing a lute and a generic woodwind (probably recorder or mute cornett). (Essling I, no. 206, p. 210) Also appears in Anon. Virgin and Child on a Crescent Moon, from Breviarium ordinis Sancti Benedicti. Venice, Luc'Antonio Giunta (for Johann Paep), 1506. p. LL8. woodcut. (Essling II, no. 933, p. 313)

[BI Venice 1515] Anon. Virgin and Child, from Breviarium ... Venice, Petrus Liechtenstein (for Wolfgang Magerl) 1515. woodcut. Angels in front play two lutes. Also putti, slightly above and to the left, play four woodwinds, and, slightly above and to the right, two woodwinds and two tambourines. (Essling II, no. 947, p. 341)

[BI Venice 1523] Anon. Virgin and Child, from Breviarium Romanum. Venice, Luc'Antonio Giunta, 1537. p. 57. woodcut. Flanking angels, standing on clouds, play lute (left) and renaissance fiddle (right). Both instruments are very crudely drawn. very unimp for lute. (Essling II, no. 1006, p. 363)

[Pr Florentine] Italian (Florentine), ca. 1480-90. The Virgin and Child Standing before a Throne with SS Sebasian and Catherine. engraving. Angels in the foreground corners play fiddle (right) and lute (left). unimp. (Hind Early Italian Engraving A.II.25, pl. 110)

[Pr Lombard] Italian (Lombard), [late 15th-early 16th century?]. Virgin and Child in a Landscape. woodcut. Flanking angels play fiddle and lute. (F. Malaguzzi-Valeri. la corte di Lodovico il Moro, IV. Milan 1923. p. 53 [poor reproduction])

[Pr Milanese] Italian (probably Milanese), ca. 1480-90. Virgin and Child Enthroned, Adored by Pope and Emperor. engraving. little angels, on a wall flanking the throne, play fiddle (left) and lute (right). very unimp. (Hind Early Italian Engraving E.III.71, pl. 449)

[Gl Zürich SLM] N. Italian, early 16th century. Virgin and Child. Zürich SLM (ex Poschiavo, Collegiate Church). stained glass. Angels play fiddle and lute. unimp. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 17: Kanton Graubünden, VI. Basel 1945. p. 45)

[Pa Brescia SS Nazaro and Celso] Italian (Brescian), 15th-16th century. Virgin and Child with Two Saints. Brescia, SS Nazzaro and Celso. Angels behind the arms of the throne play two lutes. Odd perspective. (A Morassi. Brescia. Rome n.d. [Catalogo delle cose d'arte e di antichità d'Italia] p. 461 [poor reproduction])

[Pa Turin Sabauda] Italian (Vercelli), late 15th century. Virgin and Child. Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Angels play two little lutes (tiny head). unimp. (1971 cat. fig. 77, pl. 42; Vis. Coll. 372.G155.34[a]. As Gandolfino)

[Pa private collection]  Italian (Lombard), [late?] 15th century. Virgin and Child. private collection (1913). Angels in the background play renaissance fiddle and lute. (F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro, I. Milan 1913. p. 137)

[Alemanno Pa] Alemanno, Pietro (doc. 1489). Virgin and Child. Ascoli Piceno, Pinacoteca. Two angels play small lutes. (C. Mariotti. Ascoli Piceno. Bergamo 1913. [Italia artistica, 69] p. 78)

[Amatrice Pa] Amatrice, Cola d' (Nicola Filotesio, b. ca. 1480/90-m.p.1547). Madonna and Child. Ascoli Piceno, Pinacoteca Comunale. A little angel at the left plays a lute and one on the right plays a woodwind instrument. Painting in rather poor condition. (C Mariotti. Ascoli Piceno. Bergamo 1913. [Italia artistica, 69] p. 97; Vis. Coll. 372.Am 15.34[b])

[Aquili Pa] Aquili, Marcantonio (op. 1515-1522), attr. Adoration of the Shepherds. Rieti MC. Angels above play renaissance fiddle and lute. Another sings. (L. Mortari. Opere d'arte in Sabina dall'XI al XVII secolo. Rome 1957. pl. 24; _______. Il Museo Civico di Rieti. Rome 1960. pl. 22 [fair reproduction] As School of Antoniazzo Romano.)

[Bartolomeo Pa] Bartolomeo, Fra (ca. 1474-probably 1517). Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (1512). Florence, Accademia. Child angels in front of the throne play lute (left) and renaissance fiddle (right). (L. Borgo. The Works of Mariotto Albertinelli. New York 1976. cat. no. III,7, pl. 97. Completed in 1508; S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 264. As by Fra Bartolomo and Assistants.; H. von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartolomeo und die florentiner Renaissance. Leipzig 1922. vol. I, fig. 11, opp. p. 156; Burlington 113 [1971] 363; Vis. Coll. 372.B283.38C2)

[Bartolomeo Pa] _______. Virgin and Child (1515). St. Petersburg, Hermitage. Two angels, left and right, play lutes. (H. von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartolomeo. Leipzig 1922. vol. I, fig. 18 opp. p. 174. Notes that there is much overpainting.)

_______. Follower. Virgin and Child. ex Goldschmidt Coll., Berlin. Putti, below the throne, play hurdy gurdy and double woodwind (recorders). (Angels flanking the Virgin and Child play renaissance fiddle and lute.) (Burlington 111 [1969] 457 [fair reproduction])

[Basaiti Pa] Basaiti, Marco (op. 1500-1521). Virgin and Child Enthroned. Berlin, Staatliche Museen. Two angels in front play lutes (and sing). (Poses are virtually identical with those of angels in Gerolamo dai Libri, Virgin and Child with St. Anne [London NG].) (Vis. Coll. 372.B290.34[f])

[Beccafumi Pa] Beccafumi, Domenico (1485/6-1551). Musical Angels. private collection. One pays a fiddle (botch), the other, a lute. Not played: shawm, recorder and small corno torto. (Vis. Coll. 372.B3891.36[a])

[Bello Pa] Bello, Giacomo (op. ca. 1500). Christ with Saints and Angels. Venice Accademia. Child angels play renaissance fiddle (right) and lute (left). (Vis. Coll. 372.B4157.28C)

[Bernardino di Mariotto Pa] Bernardino di Mariotto (ca.1478-1566). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints/Sacra conversazione. San Severino, Chiesa di S. Domenico. Angels sitting on tops of columns play rebec, lute (tuning). (F. Crey. Carlo Crivelli und seine Schule. Munich 1927. pl. CI; Vis. Col. 372.B458.34[a])

[Bernardino di Mariotto Pa] _______. The Resurrection. Venice, Ca' d'Oro. Angels play fiddle (left) and lute (right). (Vis. Coll. 372.B458.27R)

[Bevilacqua Pa] Bevilacqua, Giovanni Ambrogio (doc. 1485-1502), attr. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Angels. Dijon, Musée des Beaux-Arts. Angels flanking the throne play fiddle (left) and lute (right). unimp. (J. Ffoulkes. Vincenzo Foppa. London n.d. after p. 257. As School of Foppa; Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la Storia di Milano. Storia diMilano, VII ... Milan 1956. p. 804 [poor reproduction]. As Carlo Braccesco; Burlington 111 [1969] 73. As attr. Bevilacqua. With further references.)

[Bevilacqua Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Musical Angels. private collection. Angels play fiddle and lute. (Burlington 111 [1969] 118 [poor reproduction]. With further references.)

[Bevilacqua Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned. London art market (1951). Angels play fiddle (right) and lute (left). They seem to dance, especially the fiddle player. (sale, Sotheby's, 31.I.1951; Burlington 111 [1969] 114 [fair reproduction])

[Bianchi-Ferrari Pa] Bianchi-Ferrari, Francesco de' (ca. 1460-1510). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Paris Louvre. Angels play rebec and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B472.34[d])

[Bonsignori Pa] Bonsignori, Francesco (op. 1487-m.1519). Virgin and Child with Saints and Two Musical Angels. Verona, S. Bernardino. Child angels play rebec (singing) (right) and small lute (left). (exh Mantua Palazzo Ducale, 1961: Andrea Mantegna. Venice 1961. pl. 94)

[Borgognone Pa] Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Two Musical Angels. London NG. The angels play two lutes (one rendered in deep perspective). (1951 catalog, The Earlier Italian Schools. Ed. M. Davies. no. 1077, p. 53 [poor reproduction]; Arte lombarda 16 [1971] 139 [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B649.34[b], [b]3)

[Borgognone Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Angels. Milan, Brera. Two angels play lutes. (Vis. Coll. 372.B649.34[a]D)

[Borgognone Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints, Angels and Donor. Milan, S. Celso. Two angels play fiddle and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B649.34[f])

[Borgognone Pa] _______. Virgin and Child. Milan, Casa Borromeo. Statuary angels play rebec and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.B649.33[i])

[Borgognone Pa] _______, Follower. Virgin and Child. ex Goldschmidt Coll., Berlin. Angels flanking the Virgin and Child play lute (left) and renaissance fiddle (right). (Putti below the throne play hurdy gurdy and double woodwind.) (Burlington 111 [1969] 457 [fair reproduction])

[Botticini Pa] Botticini, Raffaello (1477-1520?). Coronation of the Virgin. Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Angels play portative organ (left) and lute (right). (N. Gabrielli, ed. Galleria Sabauda, Maestri italiani. Turin 1971. pl. 29; E. Kühnel. Francesco Botticini. Strasbourg 1906. Pl. IV/3; Kinsky p. 111 [poor detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.B6584.31C)

[Botticini Dr] _______, attr. Two Musical Angels. London BM. drawing. Study of figures for the left half of an angel concert for a Coronation of the Virgin. The angels play lute and tambourine. (Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum. London 1950. pl. XXVI)

[Braccesco Pa] Braccesco, Carlo (doc. 1478-1501). Virgin and Child (1478). Montegrazie d'Imperia, Santuario di Nostra Signora delle Grazie. Angels, flanking and behind, play tambourine (left) and lute (right). (Caizzi, A., et al. Lombardia. Milan [197-], pl. 380 [fine reproduction]; TCI. Liguria. Milan 1949. [Attraverso l'Italia] p. 143; exh Genoa, Palazzo dell'Accademia, 1952: La Madonna nell'arte in Liguria. Tav. 19)

[Braccesco Pa] _______. St. Andrew. private collection. Flanked by angels playing rebec (left) and lute (right). unimp. (exh Milan, 1958: Arte Lombarda dai Visconti agli Sforza. pl. 126; Burlington 88 [1946] 258 [ok reproduction]; Burlington 97 [1955] 76 [poor reproduction]).

[Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Vittore (op. 1490-d.1523/6). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (1518). Pirano, San Francesco. Angels at the foot of the throne play a renaissance fiddle and tune a lute (mannerist pose, foot up on step). (P. Zampetti. Vittore Carpaccio. Venice 1966. cat. no. 76, as Carpaccio with collaborators; Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, V: Provincia di Pola. Rome 1935. p. 145 [fair reproduction]; TCI. Venezia, Giulia e Friuli. Milan 1955. [Attraverso l'Italia, 21] p. 201; Vis. Coll. 372.C224.34[d])

[Cima Pa] Cima, Giovanni Battista (Cima da Conegliano) (ca. 1460-1517/18). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Conegliano, Duomo. Child angels play rebec (left) and lute (right). (L. Coletti. Cima da Conegliano. Venice 1959. opp. p. 22 [fair color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.C491.34[b])

[Cima Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints and Angels. Venice, Accademia. Angels in front of the throne play renaissance fiddle (left) and lute (right). (1955 catalog of 14th and 15th century painting. Ed. S. Moschini Marconi. cat. and fig. no. 114. Dates as ca. 1496-99; L. Coletti. Cima da Conegliano. Venice 1959. opp. p. 30 [fair color reproduction], pl. 42 [black and white]; M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 52 [rather fuzzy detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.C491.34[l])

[Coda Pa] Coda, Benedetto (op. 1495-1508). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Rimini, Museo Civico (ex S. Domenico). Angels hold a rebec, play a lute and sing (an open music book on its lap). The lute looks as though it might have a flat back. (C. F. Marcheselli. Pitture delle chiese di Rimini, 1754. Ed. P. G. Pasini. Bologna 1972. fig. 9 [fair reproduction], pl. XII [fine color detail]; V. Scherliess. Musikalische Noten auf Kunstwerken der italienischen Renaissance ... Hamburg 1972. cat. IX, Abb. 15-16. The music is a canon on "Santa Maria ora pro nobis." Pp. 91-2 includes a transcription and a score of the canon.; Vis. Coll. 372.C645.34[a])

[Costa Pa] Costa, Lorenzo (ca. 1460-1535). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints and Angels. London NG. Angels play lute and double woodwind. (Vis. Coll. 372.C829.34[e])

[Costa Pa] _______. Ascension of Christ. Rome, S. Nicola in Carcere. Angels play a bowed string and a lute. (exh Rome 1969: Attività della Soprintendenza alle Gallerie del Lazio. cat. no. 10, pll. 18-19 [before and after restoration]. Restoration included the removal of drastic repainting of ca. 100 years ago. Two of the angels still play a bowed stringed instrument and a lute, but the two which played a harp and a dulcimer or psaltery have been deprived of their instruments [which were poorly, or at least strangely, drawn].; Vis. Coll. 372.C829.26A [before restoration])

[Credi Pa] Credi, Lorenzo di (1459?-1537), attr. Virgin and Child Enthroned. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. Angels play renaissance fiddle (right) and lute (left). (1964 catalog: Italian 13th-18th-century painting. pl. 33)

[V Crivelli Pa] Crivelli, Vittore (doc. 1481-1501/02). The Virgin Adoring the Child. Falerone, S. Fortunato. Little angels, flanking, play rebec (right) and lute (left, partly visible). (S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 18. As ca. 1485; Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, VIII: Provincie di Ancona e Ascoli Piceno. Rome 1936. p. 245 [poor reproduction])

[V Crivelli Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Massa Fermana, S. Silvestro. Child angels play fiddle (with concave head and lateral pegs) (right) and lute (left). (S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 54. A votive picture after the plague of 1460.; Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, VIII: Provincie di Ancona e Ascoli Piceno. Rome 1936. p. 283)

[V Crivelli Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Angels. Philadelphia, Museum of Art (Coll. Wilstach). An angel in front plays a rebec. Another, hands in prayer position, has a lute on the ground beside it (most unusual). (S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 8. Suggests ca. 1484 or earlier. Previously had false date of 1481, which seems to have disappeared.)

[V Crivelli Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Between Two Musical Angels. Sarnano, S. Francesco. Small angels play fiddle (partly visible) (left) and lute (no pegs, tiny head) (right). unimp. (S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 24. Brown 455a-b shows details of the instruments, as by Lorenzo and Jacopo Salimbeni [!].)

[V Crivelli Pa] _______. Virgin and Child (1497). London Art market (1974). Small angels, flanking, standing on extensions of the wall/throne, play fiddle (right) and lute (head not visible) (left). (sale, Sotheby's, 10.VII. 1974; F. Drey. Carlo Crivelli und seine Schule. Munich 1927. pl. LXXXIII; S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 80; Burlington 116 [1974] June ad p. lxvi [ok reproduction])

[G Ferrari Pa] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Adoration of the Child. Frankfurt am Main SKI. Angels play a renaissance fiddle/viola da braccio and play or tune a lute. There are only five figures: Joseph, Mary, Jesus, and two musical angels. (L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. fig. 33)

[G Ferrari Pa] _______. Nativity. ex Morbegno, Chiesa di SantAntonio. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (Contributi dell'istituto di storia dell'arte medioevale e moderna (Milan) 2 [1972] pl. XLIX; L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio .... Turin 1969. no. 275c [engraving by Pianazzi])

[G Ferrari Pa] _______. Adoration of the Child. Roccapietra presso Varallo, Chiesa campestre della Madonna di Loreto. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. pl. 104. As ca. 1514-15.)

[G Ferrari Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Turin, Galeria Sabauda (ex Vercelli, S. Anna). Angels play fanciful renaissance fiddle, lute. (1971 catalog, fig. 235, pl. 98 [fair reproduction]; L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. pl. 32 [ok reproduction], as ca. 1508-09)

[F Francia Pa] Francia, Francesco (ca. 1450-1517/18). Angels in a Landscape surrounding a Virgin and Child in a Mandorla. Bologna, SS. Vitale and Agricola, Cappella di S. Maria degli angeli. Angels play lute and a plucked stringed instrument. (G. Lipparini. Francesco Francia. Bergamo 1913. p. 90; Vis. Coll. 372.F849.36[a])

[F Francia Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints. Bologna, S. Giacomo Maggiore. Angels play a fiddle and hold a lute. (G. Lipparini. Francesco Francia. Bergamo 1913, p. 43; TCI. Emilia e Romagna. Milan 1950. [Attraverso l'Itaila] p. 56. With date 1489; Vis. Coll. 372.F849.34[l], 34[l]1)

[F Francia Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with SS Lawrence and Jerome (1500). St. Petersburg, Hermitage. Angels play viol and lute. (S. N. Vsevolozhskaia et al. Ital'ianskaia zhivopis' XIII-XVIII vekov v obranii Ermitazha. Leningrad 1964. pl. 31; Kinsky p. 11 [detail, poor reproduction]; G. Lipparini. Francesco Francia. Bergamo 1913. p. 55; Woodfield 1984. p. 89 [detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.F849.34[C])

[Gandolfino da Roreto Pa] Gandolfino da Roreto (Gandolfino d'Asti) (doc. 1493-1510). Assumption of the Virgin (1493). Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Angels play rebec and lute. (exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: 2a mostra d'arte ... Gotico e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 96; Vis. Coll. 372.G155.31A)

[Gandolfino da Roreto Pa] _______. Coronation of the Virgin (1493). Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Angels play rebec and lute. Part of the same polyptych as the Assumption, above. Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Angels play rebec and lute. (exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: 2a mostra d'arte ... Gotico e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 96; Vis. Coll. 372.G155.31A)

[Garofalo Pa] Garofalo (Benvenuto Tisi) (1481-1559). St. Cecilia. Rome, Galleria d'Arte Antica. There is a faint angel concert above with angels playing harp and lute. St. Cecilia has a portative organ and there are several unplayed instruments. unimp. (A. Neppi. Il Garofalo. Milan 1959. fig. 15, as before 1523; Vis. Coll. 372.G192.38Ce) Another, formerly in the Edward Habich Collection. (A. P. de Mirimonde. Sainte Cécile ou les métamorphoses d'un thème musical. Geneva 1974. pl. 70b)

[Giovanni Maria da Brescia Pr] Giovanni Maria da Brescia (op. 1500- 1512). Virgin and Child with Saints (1500). engraving. Child angels play fiddle and lute. unimp. (Hind. Early Italian Engraving. no. 1)

[Giovenone Pa] Giovenone, Girolamo (op. 1513-m.1555). Virgin and Child Enthroned. Vercelli, Museo Leone. Little angels play rebec and lute. (G. Marangoni. Vercelli. Bergamo 1931. [Italia artistica, 107] p. 58)

[Girolamo da Treviso Pa] Girolamo da Treviso (1497-1544). Adoration of the Shepherds. Oxford, Christ Church. One angel plays a lute (concave head), the other plays another stringed instrument. unimp. (1967 catalog. Ed. J. Byam Shaw. no. 88, fig. 71, as probably a late work, after 1533?)

[Granacci Pa] Granacci, Francesco (1469-1543), attr. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Florence, Accademia. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.G3455.38C, as Michele di Ridolfo Ghirlandaio)

[Lanzani Pa] Lanzani (Lanzano da San Colombano), Bernardino (doc. 1490-1526). Adoration of the Christ Child. Babbio (Piacenza), Basilica S. Colombano. An angel plays a lute and another may play a bowed stringed instrument. unimp. (exh Parma, 1960-61: Arte in Emilia. Ed. A. Ghidiglia Quintavalle and A. C. Quintavalle. pl. 56)

[Libri Pa] Libri, Gerolamo dai (ca.1474-1555?). Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. London, National Gallery. Angels sing and play lute (singing?) and guitar. (1951 catalog: The Earlier Italian Schools. Ed. M. Davies. no. 748, p. 159. Subject is the Immaculate Conception, painting dates perhaps from 1518; Early Music 9 [1981] 45 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.L618.34[a]). Note that the poses of the instrumentalists are identical with the poses of the two lute-playing angels in Marco Basaiti's Virgin and Child (Berlin).

[Libri Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints. Verona, S. Giorgio in Braida. Angels sing and play a cittern (singing?) and a lute (singing?). (G. Kinsky. A History of Music in Pictures. New York 1930. p. 113 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.L618.34[h])

[Luini Pa] Luini, Bernardo (ca. 1481/2-1532). God the Father (lunette). Meda, S. Vittore. Two young angels play lutes. unimp. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 454)

[Luini Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Milan, Chiesa di S. Maurizio. Two angels play lutes. (Two putti play looped brass instruments.) (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 365 [poor reproduction])

[Luini Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned. Milan, Chiesa Abbaziale di Chiaravalle. fresco. Angels play harp and lute. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. [poor reproduction]; Storia di Milano, VIII ... Milan 1957. p. 623; exh Luino, 1975: Sacro e profano nella pittura di Bernardo Luini. b & w fig. 68)

[Luini Pa]_______. Panel from the so-called Pala di Bobbio (from a dispersed altarpiece, originally flanking an Assumption of the Virgin; there must have been another pair of angels at the left). An angel plays a lute and a putto plays a straight trumpet. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 467)

[Macrino Pa] Macrino d'Alba (doc. 1494-1507). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Turin, Galleria Sabauda. Mannerist angels play rebec and lute. The Virgin's throne levitates. The angels are in what would be the the conventional position below the throne, if it were there. There are also a couple of musical putti, one holding a recorder (?), the other blowing a crumhorn. (P. d'Ancona. Umanesimo e rinascimento. Turin 1953. p. 320 [poor reproduction]; G. O. della Piana. Macrino d'Alba. Como 1962. tav. IX [poor color reproduction]; P. Humfrey and M. Kemp. The Altarpiece in the Renaissance. Cambridge 1990. p. 139; P. Toesca. Torino. Bergamo 1911. [Italia artistica, 62] p. 50; 1971 catalog, fig. 204, pl. 89 [miserable reproduction]; exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: Gotico e rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 88; Vis. Coll. 372.M259.34[b])

[Manni Pa] Manni, Giannicola di Paolo (ca. 1460-1544). The Adoration of the Christ Child. London art market (1962). Two angels play harp and lute and two others sing. (sale Christie's London, 14.XII.1962; Burlington 104 [ 962] December ad p. iii)

[Marchesi da Cotignola Pa] Marchesi da Cotignola, Girolamo (1481 [1471?] - ca. 1550 [1540?]). Virgin and Child with Musical Angels. Venice, Cà d'Oro, Galleria Giorgio Franchetti. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (The Giorgio Franchetti Gallery in the Cà d'Oro. Venice 1956. p. 41 [useless reproduction])

[Massone Pa] Massone, Giovanni (op. late 15th early 16th century). St. Jerome. Philadelphia, Johnson Coll. Angels play rebec and lute (head not visible). unimp. (1966 catalog, Italian Paintings. no. 189; 1913 Catalog. Ed. B. Berenson. vol. I, no. 262, p. 436)

[Melanzio Pa] Melanzio, Francesco (doc.1487-m.1524). Virgin and Child with Two Musical Angels. Montefalco, Madonna di Vecciano. The angels play harp and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.M482.334[a])

[Ba Montagna Pa] Montagna, Bartolomeo (1450-1523). Sacra Conversazione. Padua, S. Maria in Vanzo. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (Kinsky p. 69 [poor detail]; Vis. Coll. 372.M761.34[b])

[Ba Montagna Pa] _______. Sacra conversazione. Pavia, Certosa. Angels sing and play rebec and lute. (Tesori d'arte cristiani, IV: Il rinascimento. p. 443 [color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.M761.34[g])

[Ba Montagna Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints and Angels. Vicenza, Museo Civico. Young angels sing (?) and play rebec and lute. (l Museo Civico di Vicenza: dipinti e sculture dal XIV al XV secolo. Ed. F. Barbieri. Vicenza 1962. p. 155, as ca. 1485; G. Pettina. Vicenza. Bergamo 1912. [Italia artistica, 17] p. 79; Vis. Coll. 372.M761.34[k])

[Ba Montagna Pa] _______. Virgin and Child. private collection. Mannerist angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (G. Caprin. Trieste. Bergamo 1906. [Italia artistica, 22] p. 94; Vis. Coll. 372.M761.30[o])

[Nasocchi Pa] Nasocchi, Francesco (ca.1478-ca.155) and Bartolomeo (doc. 1508-1541). Virgin and Child with Saints. Cismon, Chiesa di Primolano. Three little angels in front of the throne sing and play lute and recorder. (G. Gerola. Bassano. Bergamo 1910. [Italia artistica, 59] p. 61)

[Nasocchi Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints. Gallio, Parroccchiale. Tiny angels in front of the throne play harp and tune a lute. There may be more. (G. Gerola. Bassano. Bergamo 1910. [Italia artistica, 59] p. 62 [useless reproduction])

[Pacchia Pa] Pacchia, Girolamo del (1477-p.1533). Coronation of the Virgin. Siena, S. Spirito. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. (E. Jacobsen. Sodoma und das cinquecento in Siena ... Strasbourg 1910. Taf. XXXVII/1; Vis. Coll. 372.P111.31C)

[Pachiarotti Pa] Pachiarotti, Jacopo (Giacomo Pacchiarotto) (1474/75-ca.15S40). The Ascension of Christ. Siena, Pinacoteca. Two angels play lutes. (E. Carli. Guida della Pinacoteca di Siena. Milan 1967. fig. 68; E. Jacobsen. Sodoma und das cinquecento in Siena ... Strasbourg 1910. Taf. V/1; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 159 [small reproduction])

[Palmezzano Pa] Palmezzano, Marco (ca.1458-1539). Coronation of the Virgin. Milan, Brera. Angels flanking the throne play viola da braccio (left) and lute (right). (Vis. Coll. 372.P184.31C, as R. Pinacoteca)

[Perugino Pa] Perugino (Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci) (ca.1450-1523). Assumption of the Virgin (1513). Corciano, S. Maria. Angels play fiddle (left) and lute (right). (W. Bombe. Perugino. Stuttgart 1914. pl. 148; Vis. Coll. 372.P432.31As)

[Predis Pa] Predis, Ambrogio de' (doc. 1472-1502). Two musical angels flanking the Vergine della Rocce. London NG. They play lute and renaissance fiddle. (F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro, II. Milan 1915. p.399; Vis. Coll. 372.AM19.36[a])

[Rondinelli Pa] Rondinelli, Nicolo (doc. 1495-1502). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Milan, Brera. Child angels below the throne play lute and recorder. (Vis. Coll. 372.R667.34[a])

[Rondinalli Pa] _______. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Ravenna, Accademia di BA. Angels play a sort of rebec and a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.R667.34[f])

[Savoldo Pa] Savoldo, Giovanni Gerolamo (1480-1548). Virgin and Child. Milan. Angels play lute and shawm (?).

[Signorelli Pa] Signorelli, Luca (ca.1441/50-1523). Virgin and Child with Saints, King David, and Angels. Arezzo, Pinacoteca. Angels play renaissance fiddle (right) and lute (left, head not visible). (L. Dussler. Signorelli. Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 145, as ca.1519-20; Vis. Coll. 372.Si24.34[k])

[Signorelli Pa] _______, School. Virgin and Child with Saints. Arezzo, Pinacoteca. Angels play viola da braccio (?) and lute. Neither instrument inspires confidence. (L. Dussler. Signorelli. Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 170)

[Signorelli Pa] _______. Coronation of the Virgin (lunette panel). private collection. Angels play renaissance (? head not visible) fiddle (right) and lute (partly visible, left). unimp. (L. Dussler. Signorelli ... Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 136; Vis. Coll. 372.Si24.31C)

[Solario Pa] Solario, Antonio (ca.1465-1515). The Virgin Adoring the Child. Copenhagen SMK. Angels play rebec (singing?) and lute. unimp. (Katalog over aeldre malerien. Copenhagen 1946. no.671 [poor reproduction]; H. Olsen. Italian Painting and Sculpture in Denmark. Copenhagen 1961. pl.XXa, as ca.1511-14, formerly attributed to Andrea Solario)

[Speranza Pa] Speranza, Giovanni (ca. 1480-1532). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Veneto, S. Giorgio in Velo d'Astico. Angels below the throne with lute (tuning) and recorder (?). (Vis. Coll. 372.Sp37.34[c])

[Tatti Pa] Tatti, Francesco de' (op. 1512-1517). Virgin and Child Enthroned (1517). London art market (1972). Child angels, perched precariously outside the arms of the throne, play harp (backwards?) and lute (partly visible). very unimp. (Burlington 114 [1972] 348)

[Vivarini Pa] Vivarini, Alvise (op. 1457-m.1503/05) and Marco Basaiti (op. 1500-1521). St. Ambrose Enthroned with Saints. Venice, Chiesa dei Frari. Angels in front of the throne play two large lutes. (G. Sinigaglia. De' Vivarini, pittori da Murano. Bergamo 1905. fig. 6 opp. p. 16; CR Venice, 1976: Tiziano e Venezia. b&w fig. 85, as by Basaiti; Basler Jahrbuch für historische Musikpraxis 8 [1984] 160 [detail of the lutes. Either a poor photo or something dreadful has happened to the painting since Anderson's photo]; Vis. Coll. 372.V835.38A1)

[Zaganelli Dr] Zaganelli, Francesco (ca. 1470-1532). Virgin and Child with Angels. Berlin SM. drawing. Angels play renaissance fiddle and lute. The fiddle is part of the finished drawing, the lute is barely sketched in. (Vis. Coll. 372d.Z14.34[a])

[Zaganelli Pa] _______. Sacra conversazione. Sarasota, Ringling Museum. Three small angels at the foot of the throne sing and play lute and recorder (?). unimp. (A Catalogue of Paintings in the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art. Ed. W. E. Suida. Sarasota 1949. p. 51)

Angels (three musical angels): See also Angels (one musical angel); Angels (four musical angels); Angels (more than four musical angels) (Pellegrino da S. Daniele); Musicians, Minstrels, etc.

[Ms Turin BR Ms var.124] Cristoforo de' Predis (doc. 1471 - m. ca. 1486). The Birth of the Virgin, from the Story of Joachim and Anna and of the End of the World. Turin, Biblioteca Reale, Ms var.124. manuscript illumination. Three angels play rebec (? partly visible), lute and harp (singing?). (F. Malaguzzi Valeri. La corte di Lodovico il Moro, vol. I. Milan 1913. p. 134; Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la Storia di Milano. Storia di Milano, VII: L'età Sforzesca dal 1450 al 1500. Milan 1956. p. 296 [poor reproduction]; exh Milan, 1958: Arte lombarda dai Visconti agi Sforza. pl. 120 [ok reproduction])

[Pr Milanese] Italian (probably Milanese), ca. 1490. Nativity. engraving. Angels at the upper left play rebec and lute. At the lower left, beside the infant Jesus, another plays a lute. (Hind Early Italian Engraving E.III.75, pl. 451)

[Pa Visignolo de Ballagio] Lombard, late 15th-early 16th century. Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Visignolo de Bellagio, S. Martino. Angels kneeling in front play renaissance fiddle, rebec and lute. (Imago Musicale 4 [1987] 265)

[Bernardino di Mariotto Pa] Bernardino di Mariotto (ca.1478-1566). Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine. Cambridge MA, Fogg Art Museum. Angels play fiddle(?), harp and lute. unimp. (1927 catalog fig. 35; Vis. Coll. 372.B458.38C[a])

[Bianchi-Ferrari Pa] Bianchi-Ferrari, Francesco de' (ca. 1460-1510) attr. Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Modena, S. Pietro. Angels play fiddle, lute, and a curious, cross-shped trumpet. (exh Parma, 1960-1961: Arte in Emilia. Ed. A. Ghidiglia Quintavalle and A. C. Quintavalle. pl. 38; Vis. Coll. 372.B472.34[c], [c]1a); also 372.F412.34[c], as Defendente Ferrari.)

[Busti Dr] Busti, Agostino (Il Bambaia) (1483-1548). Project for a mantelpiece. Vienna Albertina. drawing. Fame has a straight trumpet. Young angels play rebec (?), tenor viol and lute. (L. H. Heydenreich and G. Passavant. Le temps des génies. Renaissance italienne 1500-1540. Paris 1974. p. 135)

[Carpaccio Pa] Carpaccio, Vittore (op. 1490-d.1523/6). The Presentation of Christ in the Temple (1511). Venice Accademia. Angels in front play renaissance fiddle, lute and crumhorn. This is my all-time favorite lute-playing angel, clearly a beginner. (L. Gianoli and G. Mascherpa. La pittura e la musica. Milan 1967. pl. XVIII [fine color detail]; W. Hausenstein. Das Werk des Vittore Carpaccio. Stuttgart 1925. pl. 70 [fair reproduction], pl. 71 [ok detail]; P. Zampetti. Vittore Carpaccio. Venice 1966. cat. and pl. no. 55; Vis. Coll. 372.C224.22P, P2D)

[Caselli Pa] Caselli, Cristoforo (called de'Temperelli) (ca. 1460-1521). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints and Angels. Parma, Museum. Child angels play fiddle, lute and recorder or cornett. (G. Copertini. Il Parmigianino. Parma 1932. vol. I, tav. III [poor reproduction]; L. Testi. Parma. Bergamo 1905 [Italia artistica, 19] p. 13; Vis. Coll. C263.34[a]1)

[Fogolino Pa] Fogolino, Marcello (1483/88-p.1558?). Virgin and Child with Saints. Calavino, Chiesa Parrocchiale. Child angels (crew-cut boys) in front play a sort of tenor viol (? partly visible, perhaps a small cello) and two lutes of unequal size (one very small). (L. Puppi. Marcello Fogolino ... Trento 1966. Tav. 55)

[Fogolino Pa] _______, attr. Virgin and Child (1511). Padua, Chiesa degli Eremitani. Restoration and amplification of a 13th-century work. An angel plays a lute. There are apparently two more musical angels. (L. Puppi. Marcello Fogolino ... Trento 1966. Tav. 2 [useless reproduction])

[Gandolfino Pa] Gandolfino da Roreto (Gandolfino d'Asti) (doc. 1493-1510). Virgin and Child with Saints (1496). Asti, S. Maria Nuova. Mannerist angels on the steps of the throne play rebec, lute (small) and shawm. (exh Turin, Palazzo Carignano, 1939: 2a mostra d'arte ... Gotico e Rinascimento in Piemonte. Ed. V. Viale. pl. 98 [poor reproduction], pl. 99 [fair detail of lute and shawm]; TCI. Piemonte orientale. Milan 1959. (Attraverso l'Italia, N. S.) p. 17 [cropped])

[Garofalo Dr] Garofalo (Benvenuto Tisi) (1481-1559). Holy Family with Angels. Chantilly, Musée Condé. drawing. Angels play two viols and lute. (Burlington 97 [1955] 198)

[Girolamo da Santa Croce Pa] Girolamo da Santa Croce (op. ca. 1503-1556). St. Thomas à Becket Enthroned with Four Other Saints. Venice, S. Silvestro. Angels play renaissance fiddle, lute and recorder. (Vis. Coll. 372.G459.38Th)

[Girolamo da Trento Pa] Girolamo da Trento (op. 1492-1502). Virgin and Child with Two Saints and Donor. Trento, Cathedral. Little angels play two lutes and mandora or three lutes of different sizes. (K. Atz. Kunstgeschichte von Tirol und Vorarlberg. Innsbruck 2/1909. p. 679)

[Girolamo da Treviso Pa] Girolamo da Treviso (1497-1544). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, Donor and Musical Angels. London, National Gallery. Angels play a da braccio bowed stringed instrument and two lutes. (Burlington 84 [1944] 15)

[Grammorseo Pa] Grammorseo, Pietro (op. ca. 1520-1530), Circle of. Adoration of the Child. Turin, Museo Civico. Two angels play tiny viol?, lute and shawm (?). (1963 catalog, pl. 89)

[Mansueti Pa] Mansueti, Giovanni di Niccolò (doc. 1485-m.a.1527). St. Matthew Enthroned. private collection. Little angels on the steps of the throne play rebec, lute (tuning, foot up on step) and triangle. (A. Zorzi. Venezia scomparsa, II. Milan 1972. fig. 383)

[Mazzolino Pa] Mazzolino, Ludovico (ca.1480-1528/30). Holy Family. London NG. Angels in a balcony play positive organ, harp and lute. Unusual composition, otherwise unimportant (except for the organ). (1937 catalog: Italian Schools. no. 169, p. 225; S. Zamboni. Ludovico Mazzolino. Milan 1968. pl. 20, as 1517/18; Vis. Coll. 372.M458.34[b])

[Ba Montagna Pa] Montagna, Bartolomeo (1450-1523). Sacra Conversazione (1499). Milan Brera. Angels play renaissance fiddle and two lutes. (A. O. della Chiesa. Brera. Novera 1953. p. 23 [poor reproduction]; Newsweek. Great Museums of the World: Brera. New York 1970. p. 97 [color reproduction], p. 96 [color detail of the lutes]; Kinsky p. 111 [fair detail]; L. Parigi. La musica nelle gallerie di Milano. Milan 1935. pl. V [poor detail]; Apollo 107 [1978] 295; Vis. Coll. 372.M761.34[e])

[Piazza Pa] Piazza (da Lodi), Albertino (1450-1529) and Martino (m.1527). Coronation of the Virgin (1519). Lodi, Duomo. Angels play harp and two lutes. (Two putti play little straight trumpets.) unimp. (TCI. Lombardia, I. Milan 1941. [Attraverso l'Italia] p. 133)

[Pinturicchio Pa] Pinturicchio, Bernardino (ca. 1454-1513). Assumption of the Virgin. Naples, NM di Capodimonte. Angels play fiddle, lute and mute cornett (?). (B. Molajoli. Il Museo di Capodimonte. 1961. pl. X [fuzzy color detail])

[Sodoma Fr] Il Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi) (1477-1549). Coronation of the Virgin. Siena, S. Bernardino. fresco. Angels play renaissance fiddle (left handed and implausibly held), lute and lyre. (E. Jacobsen. Sodoma und das Cinquecento in Siena ... Strasbourg 1910. Taf. XVIII/1)

Angels (four musical angels): See also Angels (two musical angels).

[Ms Milan BN Braidense Ms AE.X.30]   Sforza, Antonio Maria. Musical Angels. Milan, BN Braidense, Ms AE.X.30, fol. 1. manuscript illumination (haut-de-page). Angels play fiddle, lute, harp and tambourine. Two sing. unimp. (G. Mariani Canova. La miniatura veneta del rinascimento 1450-1500. Venice 1969. fig. 156)

[BI Venice 1494] Anon. Assumption of the Virgin, from Incominciano le deuote meditatione sopra la passi_e ... Venice, Matheo Codeca, 1494. p. e4. Angels at the left play lute and harp; at the right, two curved and fingered winds (cornetti?). crude and unimp. (Essling I, no. 412, p. 369)

[Gl Treviso MC] Italian (Veneto-Lombardo), late 15th century. Coronation of the Virgin. Treviso MC. glass. Angels play fiddle or rebec, lute, and two woodwinds. unimp. (L. Menegozzi. Il Museo Civico di Treviso. 1964. p. 20 [poor reproduction])

[Pa Philadelphia Johnson] Italian (Sicilian), late 15th-early 16th century. Virgin and Child with Four Musical Angels. Philadelphia, Museum of Art, Johnson Coll. no. 130. Angels at left play harp and tambourine; angels at right play fiddle (?) and lute (?, partly visible). (1966 catalog: Italian Paintings, no. 130, p. 128; Vis. Coll. 372.It115.34[Bp])

[Pa Pisa MN San Matteo] Tuscan, ca. 1490-1520. Angel Concert. Pisa, Museo Nazionale di San Matteo. Left wing of an altarpiece of Saint Catherine of Alexandria (by the Master of the St. Lucy Legend, op. Bruges, late 15th century). Angels play rebec or fiddle, harp, small lute (partly visible) and woodwind. unimp. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 50 [1987] 187, 193 [fine detail])

[Pa Sansepolcro] Umbrian, ca. 1500. Assumption of the Virgin. Sansepolcro, Pinacoteca. Angels play fiddle, lute, end-blown flute and jingle ring. (Art Bulletin 33 [1941] opp. p.56)

[Amatrice Pa] Amatrice, Cola d' (Nicola Filotesio, b. ca. 1480/90-m.p.1547). Death and Assumption of the Virgin. Rome, Musei Capitolini. Angels at the left play lute and tambourine. Angels at the right play harp and pipe and tabor. (L. Mortari. Opere d'arte in Sabina dall'XI al XVII secolo. Rome 1957. pl. 34 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.AM15.31D)

[Balducci Fr] Balducci, Giovanni (n. last quarter, 15th century, m. 1603). Christ in Glory with the Apostles. Florence, Oratorio dei Pretoni. fresco? Angels at the left play renaissance fiddle and cornett (?). Angels at the right play lute and harp. (Vis. Coll. 372.B198.21[a]2)

Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523). Coronation of the Virgin. Berlin SM. drawing. Angels play two fiddles, harp and lute (and more?). There are also four faintly sketched straight trumpets. (Vis.Coll.372d.B649.31C)

[Bramantino Pa] Bramantino (Bartolommeo Suardi) (op. 1503-1536). Adoration of the Child. Milan, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. Angels play fiddle, tromba marina and lute (in deep perspective). A fourth angel may also play something or sing. (A. Bovero. Immagini dell'arte italiana attraverso i secoli, III. Turin 1965. p. 392; A. Caizzi et al. Lombardia. Milan [197-], pl. 399 [color reproduction]; Pincherle p. 34 [ok reproduction]; G. Pischel-Fraschini. Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. Bergamo 1957. pl. VII, and p. 37 [detail]. Dates as ca. 1500-1508.; exh 1956: Mostra di dipinti restaurati della Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. pl. 1; MGG vol. 15, Taf. 5; Vis. Coll. 372.B73.34[c])

[Bramantino School Pa] _______, School. The Visitation and Scenes from the Life of Christ. no location The section on the Nativity (?) includes angels (at least four) playing rebec, harp, lute and cornett (?). (Vis. Coll. 372.B731.31V)

[V Crivelli Pa] Crivelli, Vittore (doc. 1481-1501/02). Coronation of the Virgin. private collection. Angels at the left play fiddle and tambourine. Angels at the right play portative organ (left-handed) and lute. (S. di Provvido. La pittura di Vittore Crivelli. L'Aquila 1972. Tav. 81 [poor reproduction]. As ca. 1497.)

[Eusebio di San Giorgio Pa] Eusebio di San Giorgio (ca.1478-1550). Adoration of the Magi (1505). Perugia GN dell'Umbria. Angels play fiddle (tuning), rebec, lute and woodwind (recorder or, more likely, mute cornett). (G. Cecchini. La Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria in Perugia. Rome 1932. p. 169; R. A. Gallenga Stuart. Perugia. Bergamo 1905. pl. 72 [fair reproduction]; _______. Perugia. Bergamo 1907. [Italia artistica, 15] p. 73; E. Jacobsen. Umbrische Malerei des 14., 15., und 16. Jahrhunderts ... Strasbourg 1914. pl. 53a; Vis. Coll. 372.Eu75.22a)

[G Ferrari Dr] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Four Musical Angels. Berlin, Staatliche Museen. drawing. They play viola da braccio, two lutes and flute. The lute player looks as though it might actually know how to play. (Vis. Coll. 372d.F414.36[b])

[Garbo Pa] Garbo, Raffaelino de (ca. 1470-1516). Coronation of the Virgin. Paris Louvre. Angels on the left play lute and tambourine, on the right, renaissance fiddle and harp. (K. B. Nielson. Filippino Lippi. Cambridge MA 1938. fig. 100 [poor reproduction])

[Garofalo Pa] Garofalo (Benvenuto Tisi) (1481-1559). Virgin and Child in Glory. Coral Gables FL, Joe and Emily Lowe Art Gallery (ex Kress). Angels on the left play viol and lute, on the right, viol and woodwind (flute or recorder). (1927 catalog of the Holford collection, Dorchester House, pl. CV; F. R. Shapley. Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools XV-XVI Century. London 1968. fig. 193; Vis. Coll. 372.G192.34[i])

[Garofalo Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints. ex Dresden, Gemäldegalerie (destroyed by damp). Angels on the left play two bass viols, on the right, harp and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.G192.34[l])

[Garofalo Pa] _______. Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels (1532). Modena, Galleria Estense. Angels on the left play two viols; on the right, regal? and lute. (La Galleria Estense di Modena. Genoa 1959. p. 81 [fine color reproduction]; G. Mazzariol. Il Garofalo ... Venice 1960. fig. 30; A Neppi. Il Garofalo. Milan 1959. fig. 33; R. Pallucchini. I dipinti della Galleria Estense di Modena. Rome 1945. no. 183, fig. 62; Vis. Coll. 372.G192.34[c])

[Garofalo Dr] _______. Vision of St. Amrosius. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. drawing. Angels on the left play viol, double woodwind; on the right, lute and flute. (1940 catalog of 15th and 16th century Italian Drawings, no. 27, pl. XXI)

[R Ghirlandaio Pa] Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo (1483-1561). Coronation of the Virgin. Paris Louvre. Angels at the left play lute and tambourine; and at the right, renaissance fiddle and pipe and tabor. Six other angels play straight trumpets. (S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 75 [small reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.G346.31C)

[D Ghirlandaio School Pa] Ghirlandaio, Domenico (1449-1494), School of. Coronation of the Virgin. Denver, Art Museum. Angels on the left play lute and tambourine, on the right, fiddle and cymbals. (F. R. Shapley. Paintings from the S. H. Kress Collection, I: Italian Schools, 13th-15th Centuries. London 1966. fig. 338. As ca. 1490.)

[Girolamo di Benvenuto Pa] Girolamo di Benvenuto (1470-1524). Assumption of the Virgin. Siena, Chiesa di Fontegiusta. Angels play fiddle, lute, psaltery and double woodwind (double recorder). (A. Jahn Rusconi. Siena. Bergamo n.d. [Italia artistica, 9], p. 140 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.G448.31As)

[Lanzani Pa] Lanzani (Lanzano da San Colombano), Bernardino (doc. 1490-1526). Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels. Pavia, Chiesa del Carmine. Angels play fiddle, viola da braccio (later addition? -- looks like a restored spot), lute and triangle. (Vis. Coll. 372.C71.35[a])

[Malvito Sc] Malvito, Tommaso, and assistants. Prudentia. Naples, Duomo. marble panel beside the episcopal throne. Work from 1497-1506. The personification is surrounded by musical angels playing lute, lyre, flute (?) and triangle. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 49 [1986] 347)

[Manni Pa] Manni, Giannicola di Paolo (ca. 1460-1544). L'Ognissanti/All Saints. Perugia, GN dell'Umbria. Angels play fiddle, rebec, lute and shawm (?). (1932 catalog. Ed. G. Cecchini. fig. 58, p. 159; E. Jacobsen. Umbrische Malerei des 14., 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts ... Strasbourg 1914. pl. 57a; Vis. Coll. 372.M313-38[a])

[Merlini Pa] Merlini, Orlando (op. ca.1472-m.1510). Coronation of the Virgin. Urbino GN della Marche. Angels play fiddle, lute, tambourine and triangle. unimp. (U. Gnoli. Pittori e miniatori nell'Umbria. Spoleto 1923. p. 196 [poor reproduction])

[Pacchia Pa] Pacchia, Girolamo del (1477-p.1533). Ascension of Christ. Siena, Chiesa del Carmine. Angels play rebec, harp, lute and mute cornett. The lute player is winsome and sexy and the lute is reasonably well depicted. (E. Jacobsen. Sodoma und das cinquecento in Siena ... Strasbourg 1910. Taf. XXXVI/2; exh Siena, 1904: Mostra dell'antica arte senese. opp. p. 296; Vis. Coll. 372.P111.26A)

[Pagani Pa] Pagani, Vincenzo (ca.1490-1568). Coronation of the Virgin. Milan, Brera. Angels play renaissance fiddle, two lutes and tambourine. routine. (Vis. Coll. 372.P142.31C)

[Pagani Pa] _______. Coronation of the Virgin. Montepradone, S. Giovanni della Marca. Angels play renaissance fiddle, lute? and more? (Inventario degli oggetti d'arte d'Italia, VIII: Provincie di Ancona & Ascoli Piceno. Rome 1936. p. 313 [useless reproduction])

[Palma Vecchio] Palma Vecchio (1480-1528). Assumption of the Virgin. Venice, Gallerie dell'Accademia. Angels play rebec, lute (?), small shawm (?) and triangle. (G. Mariacher. Palma il Vecchio. Milan 1968. fig. 23; Vis. Coll. 372.P181.31A)

[Perugino Pa] Perugino (Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci) (ca.1450-1523). Ascension of Christ. Borgo San Sepolcro, Cathedral. Angels play fiddle, rebec, harp and lute. (W. Bombe. Perugino. Stuttgart 1914. pl. 64; Vis. Coll. 372.P432.26A)

[Perugino Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Florence, S. Annunziata. Angels play fiddle, rebec, harp and lute. (W. Bombe. Perugino. Stuttgart 1914. pl. 136; O. Fischel. Raphael. Berlin 1962. pl. 12)

[Perugino Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Florence, Uffizi. Angels play fiddle, rebec, harp and lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.P432.31As[a])

[Perugino Pa] _______. Ascension of Christ. Lyons, Musée Municipale. Angels play fiddle, rebec, harp and lute. (W. Bombe. Perugino. Stuttgart 1914. pl. 50; C. Gamba. Pittura umbra del rinascimento: Raffaello. Novara 1949. pl.32; R. Jullian. "Le retable de l'Ascension par Pérugin au Musee [sic] des Beaux-Arts de Lyon." Bulletin des Musées et Monuments Lyonnais II/4 [1961] 381-94, with fair color reproduction opp. p. 384; Vis. Coll. 372.P432.26A[a])

[Pinturicchio Fr] Pinturicchio, Bernardino (ca. 1454-1513). Glory of St. Bernardino. Rome, Aracoeli. fresco. Angels play rebec, lute (tuning -- mannerist), woodwind (shawm?) and triangle. (E. Carli. Il Pinturicchio. Milan 1960. pl. 7 [poor reproduction, but better than Gamba]; C. Gamba. Pittura umbra del Rinascimento: Raffaello. Novara 1949. pl. 36 [poor reproduction])

[Pinturicchio School Pa] _______, School of. Assumption of the Virgin. Rome, S. Maria del Popolo, Capella Bassa Della Rovere. Angels play fiddle, harp, lute and tambourine. (E. Carli. Il Pinturicchio. Milan 1960. pl. 64 [not helpful for details]; Tesori d'arte cristiana, IV: Il rinascimento. p. 267 [color reproduction], as perhaps by Tiberio d'Assisi)

[Signorelli Pa] Signorelli, Luca (ca. 1450-1523). Coronation of the Virgin (1523). Foiano, Cathedral. Angels play renaissance fiddle, lute, psaltery and one more. (L. Dussler. Signorelli. Stuttgart 1927. [Klassiker der Kunst ..., 34] pl. 147)

[Udine Pa] Udine, Giovanni da (1487-1564). St. Peter Martyr. Udine, Museo. Angels play rebec, lute, tambourine and triangle. (Vis. Coll. 372.Ud55.38P)

Angels (more than four musical angels): See also Angels (two musical angels), Angels (four musical angels).

[Sc Venice Frari] Giuliano Fiorentino (m. 1487-possibly doc. 1469). Epitaph of Beato Pacifico Bon. Venice, Frari. sculpture. A frame of musical angels, including one playing a lute. (G. Fiocco. L'arte di Andrea Mantegna. Venice 1959. pl. 18)

[Pr Florentine] Anon. (Florentine), ca. 1490. Assumption of the Virgin. engraving. Angels on the left play lute, psaltery and two straight trumpets. Angels on the right play fiddle, double recorder, straight trumpet and tambourine. (Hind Early Italian Engraving B.III.10, pl. 207; exh Cambridge MA, Fogg Art Museum, 1915: A Loan Exhibition of Early Italian Engravings, no. 16.)

[Pr Florentine] Italian (Florentine), late 15th century. Assumption of the Virgin. engraving. Angels on the left play fiddle, lute and tambourine. Angels on the right play two shawms and folded trumpet. (exh Paris, Louvre, 1957: Les incunables sur bois et sur metal de la Collection Edmund de Rothschild au Musée du Louvre. pl. VII [rather fuzzy reproduction])

[Fr Albi Cathedral] Anon. (workshop of Francesco Donnela?), early 16th century. Coronation of the Virgin. Albi, Cathedral, ceiling vault of the nave. fresco. One group of angels plays lute, woodwind and tambourine. A second group plays two straight trumpets and a folded trumpet. A third group plays three shawms (?). (R. Rey. L'art gothique du midi de la France. Paris 1934. p. 313)

Italian (Pavia), ca. 1480-90. Coronation of the Virgin. location unknown. Originally in the apse of S. Primo, Pavia. fresco transferred to canvas. Angels at the left play lute, psaltery and bagpipe. Angels at the right play bowed string, harp and one other. Above, left and right, two plus two angels play straight trumpets. (1941 Catalog [posthumous] of the Collection of George Grey Barnard. no. 123, pl. XLI)

Albertinelli, Mariotto (1474-1515). Annunciation to the Virgin. Florence, Accademia. Angels at the left play lute and small harp. Angels at the right play renaissance fiddle and tambourine. An angel in the center plays recorder (?). (L. Borgo. The Works of Mariotto Albertinelli. New York 1976. cat. I, 20; pl. 29. Commissined and begun 1506, delivered 1510, dated 1510. Has been drastically cleaned.; S. J. Freedberg. Painting in the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 259; Burlington 113 [1971] 363; Vis. Coll. 372.Al14.31A)

_______, and Fra Paolini. Coronation of the Virgin. Viterbo, Sta. Maria della Quercia. Angels at the left play renaissance fiddle and two straight trumpets. Angels at the right play lute (and two straight trumpets?). A putto at the left plays a tambourine and one at the right plays a rebec. In poor condition. (L. Borgo. The Worlk of Mariotto Albertinelli. New York 1976. cat. I, 29, pl. 41. Apparently commissioned in 1514 but not completed until 1543/44, by Paolini.)

Alemanno, Pietro (doc. 1489) and Giovanni. Nativity. Naples, S. Giovanni a Carbonara (before 1943). sculpture (presepe). Angels above play fiddle, lute, pasltery, double woodwind and two more instruments. (G. Borrelli. Il Presepe Napoletano. Rome 1970. pl. 1)

Andrea di Niccolò (doc. 1470-1512), attr. Assumption of the Virgin. Murlo, S. Michele Arcangelo a Montepertuso. Angels at the left play large and small fiddles and nakers. Angels at the right play lute, tambourine and cymbals. (Brown [sic] no. 669 [minuscule reproduction])

Bartolomeo, Fra (ca. 1474-probably 1517) and Mariotto Albertinelli (1474-1515). Assumption of the Virgin. ex (?) Berlin, Kaiser Friedrich Museum (destroyed 1945 ?). Angels at the left play renaissance fiddle and two straight trumpets. Angels at the right play lute and two straight trumpets. Putti, below, play double woodwind, tambourine and triangle. (L. Borgo. The Works of Mariotto Albertinelli. New York 1976. cat. no. III,2, pl. 89. Completed in 1508; S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 46; H. von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartollomeo und die florentiner Renaissance. Leipzig 1922. vol. I, fig. 6, opp. p. 142; Imago musicale 4 [1987] 123 [poor reproduction]. As Berlin-Dahlem, Gemäldegalerie Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz; Burlington 94 [1952] 342 [minuscule reproduction])

[Bartolomeo Dr] _______. Ascension of Christ. Florence, Uffizi, no. 1237r. drawing. All the musical instruments are rather vague. Angels at the left play fiddle and lute. Angels at the right play lute and recorder. Two others play straight trumpets. unimp. (H. von der Gabelentz. Fra Bartolomeo. Leipzig 1922. vol. II, no. 175, pl. 17)

[Bianchi-Ferrari Fr] Bianchi-Ferrari, Francesco de' (ca. 1460-1510). attr. Ascension (Assumption). Nonantola, Chiesa dell'Abbazia. fresco. In poor condition. Angels play rebec?, harp, lute, shawm, tambourine, and probably one or two more musical instruments. (Vis. Coll. 372.B472.26Ac)

[Borgognone Fr]  Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523). Coronation of the Virgin. Milan, Chiesa di S. Simpliciano. fresco. Two or three of the numerous musical angels play lutes. (Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la storia di Milano. Storia di Milano, VIII ... Milan 1957. p. 78 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B649.31C [poor reproduction])

[Borgognone Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Angels on the left play play rebec and lute. Above them, angels sing from a scroll. Angels on the right play harp and recorder. Four others play straight trumpets. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.B649.31As[a])

[Coltellini Pa] Coltellini, Michele (ca. 1480-by 1559). Death of the Virgin. Bologna, Pinacoteca Nazionale. Includes a wreath of musical angels with one playing a lute. Tiny detail. (S. Zamboni. Pittori di Ercole I d'Este. Milan 1975. pl. XXV [color reproduction]. Dates as 1502.; Vis. Coll. 372.C72.31D)

[Coltellini Fr] _______, attr. Coronation of the Virgin. Ferrara, S. Maria della Consolazione. fresco. There are four groups of angels. One consists of angels playing renaissance fiddle, harp, lute, unidentified plucked stringed instrument, plus a singer. Within this group the fiddle, lute and singer seem to be a musical unit. (exh Ferrara, Palazzo dei Diamanti, 1964: Mostra di opere d'arte restaurate. Ed. A. Mezzetti. fig. 26, fig. 32 [detail]; S. Zamboni. Pittori di Ercole I d'Este. Milan 1975. fig. 45 [poor reproduction]; Journal of Musicology 12 (1989) 329 [poor reproduction]; 337 [fair detail]) I. Godt. "Ercole's Angel Concert." Journal of Musicology 12 (1989) 327-342).

[Costa Pa] Costa, Lorenzo (ca. 1460-1535). Nativity. London NG. Row upon row of musical angels including a row of three lute players on each side. unimp. (Vis. Coll. 372.C829.22N)

[Costa Pa] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Monteveglio (Bologna), Abbey. Among the ten or so angels, one plays a lute. (Vis. Coll. 372.C829.31As[a])

[G Della Robbia Sc] Della Robbia, Giovanni (1469-p.1529), School. Madonna della cintola. Barga, San Francesco o dei Cappuccini. terra cotta plaque. Angels at the left play lute and woodwind, at the right two more woodwinds. (And angels above play three straight trumpets and a folded trumpet.) (A. Bonaventura. Bagni di Lucca, Coregli e Barga. Bergamo 1914. [Italia artistica, 75]. p. 124 [awful reproduction])

[D Ferrari Pa] Ferrari, Defendente (ca. 1490-p.1535). Coronation of the Virgin. Turin MC. Of the numerous angels, one plays a lute. (1963 catalog, pl. X [color reproduction])

[G Ferrari Dr] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Assumption of the Virgin. Firenze Uffizi no. 348. drawing. Angels play hurdy-gurdy, viola da braccio, viola da gamba, harp and lute. All sketchy and odd. (Vis. Coll. 372d.F414.31As)

[G Ferrari Dr] _______. Angel Concert. Munich SgS. drawing. Angels play two fancy viols/cellos, fancy viola da braccio, lute (tuning), harp and woodwind. (L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. no. 214; Winternitz 1967, pl. 40; exh 1958: 100 Meisterzeichnungen, pl. 58)

[G Ferrari Fr] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Saronno, Cathedral. cupola fresco. Among the myriad musical angels, one plays a lute. (M. Pincherle. An Illustrated History of Music. Transl. R. Myers. New York 1959. p. 43 [fine reproduction of the entire cupola]; M. Remnant.