Angels: [Gl Great Malvern] British, 1501/02. Angel. Great Malvern Priory. strained glass. Plays a hurdy-gurdy/symphony. (M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 75 [fine detail, cropped?])
Nativity: [Heemskerck Pa] Heemskerck, Maarten van (1498-1574). Adoration of the Shepherds (1546). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum (on loan from the Mauritshuis, The Hague) (originally for St. Bavo, Haarlem). Includes a prominent hurdy-gurdy player. (Friedländer XIII, no. 184, pl. 93; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 112; Brussels MRBA Bulletin 11 [1962] 87)
Saint Anthony: [Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). The Temptation of St. Anthony, from the altarpiece of The Temptation of St. Anthony. Lisbon MNAA. Depicts many musical figures, including a beggar with a hurdy-gurdy. (D. Bax. Hieronymus Bosch ... Rotterdam 1979. p. 48, 50 [detail with lute, hurdy gurdy and nose-shawm]; Friedländer V, no. 90, pl. 75-78; Hammerstein Diabolus. no. 177-182; R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. pp. 155 [color reproduction of the entire triptych], 178 [color reprduction], 186 [fine color detail, pegbox cropped]; Reuterswärd cat. 24, p. 223 [poor reproduction, with fair detail including the lute, hurdy gurdy and nose-shawm]; C. D. Cuttler. "The Lisbon Temptation of Saint Anthony." Art Bulletin 39 [1957] 109-26; Early Music 13 [1985] 525 [detail of hurdy-gurdy and lute]; Die Kunst und das schöne Heim 84 [1972] 606-07 [fine color reproduction]; Simiolus6 [1972/73] 90; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.38A) See also Friedländer V for various copies. Note also Herri met de Bles. The Temptation of St. Anthony. London art market (1975) (deaccessioned from Vienna KH). Includes a figure with a lute. A variant of the painting in Lisbon. (sale, Christie's, 27.VI.1975, no. 71; Friedländer XIII, no. 77, pl. 40)
[Bosch Follower Pa] _______, Follower. The Temptation of St. Anthony. Amsterdam art market (1969) (formerly coll. Spencer-Churchill). Among the figures is a cripple with a hurdy-gurdy. (Oude Kunst ... 21 [1969] 146)
Heaven/Hell: [Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Hell, from the Altarpiece of the Garden of Earthly Delights. Madrid Prado. Includes a splendid hurdy-gurdy (no player). (Reuterswärd cat. 44, p. 249 [poor reproduction]; Boczkowska, A. "The crab, the sun, the moon and Venus: Studies in the iconology of Hieronymus Bosch's triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights." Oud-Holland 91 [1977] 197-231 [with miscellaneous detail reproductions]; Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 62 [detail]; L. Dixon. Alchemical Imagery in Bosch's Garden of Delights. Ann Arbor 1981; L. Dixon. "Bosch's 'Garden of Delights' Triptych: Remnants of a 'Fossil' Science." Art Bulletin63 [1981] 96-113; Friedländer V, no. 110, pll. 100-102 [poor reproduction]; E. H. Gombrich. "Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights': A progress report." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes32 [1969] 162-170; Hammerstein Diabolus. nos. 172-176; Komma p. 94 [fair detail]; J. Lenneberg. "Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights': Some musicological considerations and criticisms." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 103 [Sept. 1961] 135-144; R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. pp. 85 [small color reproduction of the entire triptych], 134 [color reproducton], 142 [color detail of the crank end]; K. Meyer Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 323 [detail]; Authentication: Institute royale du patrimonie artistique Bulletin 6 [1963] 233-240; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.39T) Also: I. Mateo Gomez. "El Jardin de las delicias. A proposito de una copia temprano y un Tapiz." Archivo español de arte 40 (1967) pl. VI after p. 48 (copy: private collection)
Angels: [Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] Cornelisz van Amsterdam (van Oostsanen), Jacob (ca. 1470-1533). Virgin and Child. Aarle-Rixtal, R. K. Parochiekerk. A serious little angel plays a fiddle for the Christ Child. Others play hurdy-gurdy, lute, lute or mandora and one more (woodwind?). (exh Delft, "Prinsenhof," 1952: Prisma der Bijbelse Kunst. no. 142, pl. 30)
[Geertgen Pa] Geertgen tot Sint Jans (op. late 15th century). Virgin and Child. Rotterdam BvB. A myriad of angels, including one playing a hurdy-gurdy (left-handed). (Friedländer V, Add. 139; J. F. Friedländer. "Zu Geertgen tot Sint Jans." Maandblad voor Beeldende Kunst 25 [1949] 186-188; E. Winternitz. Musical Instruments and their Symbolism in Western Art. London 1967. pl. 65b [usless reproduction], pl. 64 [detail of the upper left quarter, including the lute]; E. Panofsky. Early Netherlandish Painting ... Cambridge 1954. p. 495; M. Pincherle. An Illustrated History of Music. transl. R. Myers. New York 1959. p. 30 [splendid color reproduction]; Musica calendar 1965: 12-25 December [fine color reproduction])
Beggars: See also Saints, Saint Anthony.
[Bosch Dr] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Sheet of Studies of Crippled Beggars. Vienna, Albertina, Inv. 7798. drawing. Includes a hurdy-gurdy player leading a blind woman. (R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. p. 459; W. Salmen. Der Spielmann im Mittelalter. Innsbruck 1983. Abb. 48; Burlington 90 [1948] 175, notes exh London V & A, 1948: Old Master Drawings from the Albertina) Anonymous engraving published by H. Cock ("Aux quatre vents") (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 150 [after Sudeck]; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 112 [ok reproduction], as ca.1570; E. Sudeck. Bettlerdarstellungen. Strasbourg 1931. [SdK, 279] Abb. 2; exh The Hague, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 309 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Bosch-van der Heyden Pr] Pieter van der Heyden (ca.1530-ca.1572) after Hieronymus Bosch (ca. 1450-1516). Two Blind Men Falling in a Ditch. engraving. One of them has a hurdy-gurdy. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, p. 138; Oud-Holland 95 [1981] 24) Engraved by Petrus a Mercia [Pieter van der Heyden (ca.1530?-1572)]. (E. Sudeck. Bettlerdarstellungen ... Strasbourg 1931. [SdK, 279] Abb. 4)
Putti: [Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] Cornelisz van Amsterdam (van Oostsanen), Jacob (ca. 1470-1533). Virgin and Child. Arnhem, Gemeentemuseum. Statuary angels play lute and recorder. Elsewhere putti play hurdy-gurdy, fiddle, harp, recorder and pellet bells. (Friedländer XII no. 240, pl. 130; 1965 catalog: Schilderijen,p. 36 [little color reproduction]; exh Rotterdam BvB, 1936: Jeroen Bosch, Noord-nederlandsche primitieven. no. 91, fig. 91; Vis. Coll. 374.C813.34C) Copy (with variations): Bamberg, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen. (van Dijk-Koopman no. 10)
[Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] _______. Nativity. Chicago, Art Institute. Numerous musical putti, including two playing hurdy-gurdies. (J.-Y. Bosseur. Music, Passion for an Art. New York 1991. p. 32 [fine color reproduction], as ca. 1520; Friedländer XII, no. 254, pl. 142, as partly by A. Isenbrant; K. Steinbart. Die Tafelgemälde des Jacob Cornelisz van Amsterdam. Strasbourg 1922. [SdK 221] pl. VI/1 [useless reproduction])
[Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] _______. Adoration of the Trinity (1523). Kassel, Staatliche Museen, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe. Many musical angels and putti, including one playing a hurdy-gurdy. (Friedländer XII, no. 245, pl. 136 [not helpful for details]; Vis. Coll. 374.C813.39T1)
Triumph of David: [Ta location unknown] Flemish, early 16th century. The Triumph of David. location unknown. tapestry. The Welcoming Women sing and play hurdy-gurdy, tromba marina (a man?), harp, and flute. A child plays a triangle. (C. M. Ffoulke. Tthe Ffoulke ollection of Tapestries ... New York 1913. opp. p. 43)
Nativity: [Beer Pa] Beer, Jan de (ca.1475-p.1528). Nativity. Birmingham, University, Barber Institute of Fine Arts. Includes a hurdy-gurdy player. (Friedländer XI, no. 15, pl. 14 [poor reproduction]; 1915 catalog, vol. III, no. 467, pl. XI, as Herri met de Bles) Ex Cook collection, as Master of the Milan Adoration.
[Beer Pa] _______. Adoration of the Shepherds. Cologne WRM. Figures play hurdy-gurdy, bagpipe (pausing) and woodwind (recorder or shawm). (O. Förster. Das Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Köln. Cologne 1961. pl. 99; Friedländer XI, no. 22, pl. 17; Katalog der deutschen und niederländischer Gemälde bis 1500 [mit Ausnahme der Kölner Malerei]. Ed. I. J. Hiller and H. Fey. Cologne 1969. pl. 16, 19; Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 138 [after a postcard])
[Master of Hoogstraeten Pa] Master of Hoogstraeten (Antwerp, op. ca.1500). Nativity. Berlin art market (1929). Includes a shepherd (?) with a hurdy-gurdy. (Friedländer VII, no. 109, pl. 86)
Angels: [Bellegambe Pa] Bellegambe, Jean (1470/75-1534). The Anchin Polyptych (1511-1520). Douai, Notre Dame. Numerous musical angels, including one playing a sort of hurdy-gurdy (at least it has a crank). (Friedländer XII, no. 114, pl. 48 [whole, useless reproduction], 49 [the Trinity]; Musée de Douai. Peintures. Paris 1967. unnumbered p. [useless reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 87 [1976] 19 [whole, useless reproduction])
Itinerants/Street Musicians: [Orley Pa] Orley, Bernard van (ca.1488/91-1541/42). Altarpiece of the Last Judgement and the Seven Mercies. Antwerp KMSK. In the outer right wing, two saints dispense alms. Includes a beggar with a hurdy-gurdy. (Friedländer VIII, no.87, pl. 84, as comissioned by the almoners of Antwerp in 1518 or 1519, finished in 1525)
Apocalypse -- Elders: [Ms Escorial E Vitr. 5] French (Savoy), completed in 1482. Christ in a Mandorla, Surrounded by the Elders of the Apocalypse, from an Apocalypse. El Escorial, Real Biblioteca de San Lorenzo, Ms E Vitr. 5, fol. 27. manuscript illumination. There are many musical instruments in front of the Elders, including a hurdy-gurdy. (Bowles Pratique depicts two different illustrations of the subject, both as fol. 27 [pll. 4, 77b]. They are similar but not the same. Only pl. 4 has a hurdy-gurdy.)
Death, Dance of: [Ms Paris BN Colbert 1849] French, ca. 1483. Danse macabre. ex Paris BN, ancien fonds Colbert no. 1849, Ms du roi, Vélin no. 7310 (lost). Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy and pipe and tabor. Another pair plays rebec and shawm. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 64 [after G. Kastner. Les Danses des morts. Paris 1852. pl. IV, fig. 25a])
[Ms Paris BN fr. 995] French, after 1491. Skeleton musicians from La danse macabre des femmes. Paris BN Ms fr. 995, fol. 24. In a grand but empty chateau, skeletons play hurdy-gurdy and pipe and tabor. Another pair plays rebec and shawm. (Hammerstein Tanz. fig. 70. Notes [p. 74] that it is an exact copy of Paris BN ancien fonds Colbert no. 1849 [see above])
[BI Paris ca. 1500] Anon. Danse macabre. Paris, Trepperel/Jehannot, ca. 1500. woodcut. Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy and pipe and tabor. (Hammerstein Tanz Abb. 66)
Angels: [Gourmont Pa] Gourmont, Jean I de (ca.1483-p.1557). Nativity. Paris Louvre. Several musical putti, and one angel, playing a hurdy-gurdy. (I. Compin and A. Roquebert. Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintres du musée du Louvre et du musée d'Orsay. École française. Paris 1986. p. 285 [minuscule, utterly useless reproduction, but with references]; C. Sterling and H. Adhémar. Peintures. École française XIVe, XVe et XVIe siècles. Paris 1965. cat. no. 97, pl. 210, with location: Muséum Central des Arts)
Musicians, Minstrels: [Sc St Nicolas-du-Port] Anon., ca.1510. Hurdy-gurdy Player. St. Nicolas-du-Port, Basilica, capital. sculpture. (drawing of this in Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 142, after A. Jacquot. La musique en Lorraine. Paris 1886. fig. 15)
David Dancing before the Ark/The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant: [BI Strasbourg 1485] Anon. The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant, from a Bible. Strasbourg, Johann (Reinhard) Gruninger, 1485. woodcut. Includes a figure (the foremost musician) playing a hurdy-gurdy. (IB vol. 85, no. 1485/129, p. 109)
Muses: [BI Augsburg 1507] Attr. Peter Vischer II (1487-1528). Apollo, Jupiter, Mercury, Minerva and Pegasus surrounded by the Muses. Passe-partout illustration of the Augsburg publisher Erhart Öglin. woodcut. Euterpe has a hurdy-gurdy. (Fraenkel no. 3 [fine reproduction], from Melopoeae sive Harmoniae tetracenticae super xxii genera carminum, 1507; H. Röttinger. Dürers Doppelgänger. Strasbourg 1926. [SdK, 234] pl. LXIII, as by Peter Vischer II. From Gunther, Ligurinus,1507; MGG vol. 9, Taf. 119)
[BI Basel 1517] Graf, Urs (ca. 1487-1530). Passe-partout border of the publisher Johann Froben. woodcut. The border depicts Classical authors, including "Theocrit[us]", who holds a bagpipe and is paired with "Pindarus" who plays a hurdy-gurdy. (Hollstein [German] XI, no. 341, p. 168, from Lodovicus Coelus Rhodiginus [Ricerius], Lectionum antiquarum libri XVI. Basel, J. Froben, 1517)
[BI Strasbourg 1514] Anon. Scene from Historie von Kaiser Karls Sohn Lothar. Strasbourg 1514. woodcut. Includes a figure with a hurdy-gurdy. (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 10, after T. Hampe. Die fahrenden Leute in der deutschen Vergangenheit. Leipzig 1902. Abb. 33)
Dance of Death: [H II Holbein Pr] Holbein, Hans II (1497/98-1543). "Gebeyn aller menschen"/The Bones of All Men, from his Totentanz. woodcut. Includes a female skeleton playing a hurdy-gurdy. (D. Briesemeister. Bilder des Todes. Unterscheidheim 1970. Abb. W32; Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 43, after Heinitz; Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 197; Harrison and Rimmer. no. 95; W. Heinitz. Instrumentenkunde. Potsdam 1929. p. 74 [small reproduction]; Hirth no. 654; K. Meyer Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 303; Naylor Trumpet and Trombone. no. 64; MGG XIII, Taf. 28)
[Deutsch Pa] Deutsch, Niklaus Manuel (1484-1530). Death and the Astrologer,from a Totentanz. formerly Bern, on the outer wall of the Dominikanerkloster Kirchhof (now the Französische Kirche, Kloster). Death plays a hurdy gurdy as he dances. Copy (1649) by Albrecht Kauw (1621-1681). (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 60 [detail], after P. Zinsli. Der Berner Totentanz des Nikolaus Manuel. Bern 1953; Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 183, as originally 1516/17-1519/20; exh Bern, Kunstmuseum, 1979: Niklaus Manuel Deutsch -- Maler, Dichter, Staatsmann. no. 99 [not illus.])
Angels: [Wsc Hildesheim Knochenhaveramtshaus] Anon. (1529). Angels. (ex?) Hildesheim, Knochenhaveramtshaus. wood relief sculpture. Several little musical angels, one of which plays a hurdy-gurdy. (O. Beyse. Hildesheim. Berlin 1926. [Deutsche Lande, Deutsche Kunst] pl. 75)
[Sc Himmelkron] Anon, [late?] 15th century. Angels. Himmelkron (Oberfranken), former Cistercian cloister, vault. sculpture. Angels play hurdy-gurdy, tromba marina, harp, bagpipe (and more?). (Musica calendar, 1979: 26 March-7 April [fine reproduction])
[Master St Bartholomew Altar] Master of the St. Bartholomew Altar (Cologne, ca.1450-1500). Altarpiece of St. Thomas. Cologne WRM (originally for the Kartäuserkirche, Cologne). Angels play hurdy gurdy (right) and lute (left). Above, three little angels sing from a thick book. (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 85 [detail, after Ott]; O. Förster. Das Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Köln, I. Cologne 1961. pl. 64 [fine reproduction]; Kinsky p. 58 [detail]; C. Linfert. Alt-Kölner Meister. Munich 1941. Abb. 60; A. Ott. Tausend Jahre Musikleben, 800-1800. Munich 1963. fig. 33 [detail]; H. Peters. Köln. Meisterwerke der Kunst -- Das Mittelalter. n. p. 1953. pl. 94, as ca.1500; Stange V, no. 137 [poor reproduction]; Winternitz Musical Instruments. pl. 27a [detail]; exh Cologne, Kunsthalle, 1970: Herbst des Mittelalters. Spätgotik in Köln und am Niederrhein. cat. 34, fig. 15, as before 1500; 1957 Führer, pl. 23, as ca. 1499; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch17 [1955] 167; Vis. Coll. 373.M39.38T)
Itinerants/Street Musicians: [Dr Basel KsK] Swiss, first half, 16th century. Soldiers and a Camp Follower. Basel, Oeffentliche Kunstsammlung, KsK, Sign. U II,25. drawing. The camp follower is a Leierin (a female hurdy-gurdy player). (MgB III/9, Abb. 48)
Putti: [Vischer Sc] Vischer, Peter II (1487-1528). Putto Playing a Hurdy-Gurdy. Nuremberg, Sebalduskirche, Sebaldusgrab. sculpture. (Bröcker Drehleier. fig. 136, with a line drawing of the hurdy-gurdy from A. Fuchs. Die Musikdarstellungen am Sebaldusgrab Peter Vischers. Kassel 1935)
[BI Basel 1511] Anon. "Lyra," from Sebastian Virdung. Musica getutscht. Basel 1511, fol. B i verso. woodcut. (Sebastian Virdung. Musica getutscht [Basel 1511]. facsimile. Kassel 1931)
Angels: [Lopes Pa] Lopes, Gregorio (doc.1518-1550). The Virgin and Child with Angels in a Garden. Lisbon MNBA. One of the angels in the background (tiny detail) plays a hurdy gurdy. (R. dos Santos. Oito séculos de arte portuguesa. [Lisbon 1962] p. 110 [ok reproduction]; 1938 catalog of paintings, p. 63; 1956 catalog: Pintura Portuguesa. pl. 30 [fine reproduction]; exh Lisbon, 1971: Pintura dos mestres do Sardoal e de Abrantes. p. 90 [fair color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 376.1.L881.34[a])
[BI Venice 1516] Anon. Figures around a Pool,frontispiece of Opera Moralissima de diversi Auttori. Venice, per Georgio di Ruschoni ad instantia di Nicolo Zapino & Vicentio compagni, 1516. woodcut. Includes women with a hurdy-gurdy, a renaissance fiddle and a recorder; a man with a recorder; and a satyr with panpipes. (A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 9. Cf. Essling III, pp. 318-319, no. 1906)
Satyrs: [Master of 1515 Pr] Master of 1515. Satyr Family/Nymph and Satyr Playing a Hurdy-Gurdy. engraving. (IB vol. 25, no. 15, p. 314: A. Gentili. Da Tiziano a Tiziano ... Milan 1980. fig. 49; Imago musicae 7 [1990] 80, after IB)
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [Giorgione Fr] Giorgione (ca. 1476-1510), attr. Frieze with Attributes of the Liberal Arts. Castelfranco, Casa Marta-Pellizari. fresco, Includes a hurdy-gurdy among the numerous unplayed musical instruments. (T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. fig. 62)
Landscapes: [Titian-Le Febre Pr] Valentin Le Febre (1642-ca.1700) after Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (ca.1487/90-1576), attr. Landscape, from Opera selectiora ... (1682). engraving. A girl sits close and listens as a rather repugnant man plays a hurdy-gurdy. (M. Bonicatti. Aspetti dell'umanesimo nella pittura veneta dal 1455 al 1515. Rome 1964. fig. 91; R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. vol. II, fig. 602) Reversed version (loan exh, International Exhibits Foundation, 1976-77: Titian and the Venetian Woodcut. Ed. D. Rosand and M. Murano. no. 29)
Angels: [Ms London BL Add. 34,294] Anon., last quarter, 15th century. Border decoration from the Book of Hours of Bona Sforza, Duchess of Milan. London BL Ms Add. 34,294, fol. 32. manuscript illumination. A bas-de-page angel plays a hurdy-gurdy. (Miniatures and Borders from the Book of Hours of Bona Sforza, Duchess of Milan in the British Museum. London 1894. pl. XXIX. As perhaps ca. 1484-94)
[Borgognone Fr] Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523). Coronation of the Virgin. Milan, Chiesa di S. Simpliciano. fresco. One of the numerous musical angels plays a hurdy-gurdy. (Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la storia di Milano. Storia di Milano, VIII ... Milan 1957. p. 78 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.B649.31C [poor reproduction])
[G Ferrari Dr] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Assumption of the Virgin. Firenze Uffizi no. 348. drawing. Angels play hurdy-gurdy, viola da braccio, viola da gamba, harp and lute. All sketchy and odd. (Vis. Coll. 372d.F414.31As)
[G Ferrari Fr] _______. Assumption of the Virgin. Saronno, Cathedral. cupola fresco. Among the myriad musical angels, one plays a hurdy-gurdy. (L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. no. 217 [entire cuola]; K. Geiringer. "Gaudenzio Ferraris Engelkonzert ..." In: CR Vienna 1927: Beethoven Zentenarfeier. pp. 378-381; Pincherle. p. 43 [fine reproduction of the entire cupola]; TCI. Lombardia I. Milan 1941. [Attraverso l'Italia] p. 207 [fair reproduction of entire cupola]; Winternitz Musical Instruments. pl. 21b [detail])
[A Rosso Pa] Rosso, Antonio (doc.1472 or earlier- m.1525). Coronation of the Virgin. private collection. Numerous musical angels, including one playing a hurdy-gurdy. (G. Dalla Vestra. I pittori bellunesi prima dei Vecellio. Verona 1975. fig. 77 [poor reproduction, reversed?], as late 1480's)
Musicians: [Agostini Pa] Agostini, Giovanni Paolo de' (op.1510-1520). Four Figures. location unknown. A man with a hurdy-gurdy and a laurel wreath, a man with a flute, and a man and a woman who may sing. (B. Berenson. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance ... Venetian School. London 1957. pl. 322)
Putti: [Borgognone Follower Pa] Borgognone (Ambrogio Fossano) (ca. 1450/60-1523), Follower. Virgin and Child. ex Goldschmidt Coll., Berlin. Putti, below the throne, play hurdy gurdy and double woodwind (recorders). (Angels flanking the Virgin and Child play renaissance fiddle and lute.) (Burlington 111 [1969] 457 [fair reproduction], as Piedmontese, early 16th century)
[Giulio Romano Pa] Giulio Romano (1498-1546) and others. Amoretti. Mantua, Palazzo del Te, Sala di Psiche, vaulting compartments. Many musical instruments, including perhaps a hurdy-gurdy. (F. Hartt. Giulio Romano. New Haven 1958. figs. 241-252)
Shepherds: Campagnola, Giulio (ca.148-ca.1516) and Domenico (ca.1500-1564). Shepherds in a Landscape. engraving. The shepherds have a hurdy-gurdy and a long-necked bowed stringed instrument. A woman plays a recorder. (J. Levenson et al. Early Italian Engravings from the [Washington DC] National Gallery of Art. Washington 1973. p. 41, as ca.1517; A. R. Turner. The Vision of Landscape in Renaissance Italy. Princeton NJ 1966. fig. 55; Burlington 109 (December 1967) pl. XLV [ok reproduction]; Burlington 134 [1992] May ad p. xxi [ok reproducton], as by Giulio Campagnola) Variant, reversed and with different background, including two cows (?). (Hind Early Italian Engraving. no. 61.II, pl. 774, as after Giulio and Domenico Campagnola)