Status of March 2001
PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry. A few late entries didn't make the index. Next time.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
The horns in this iconography have been chosen on the basis of shape. Unlike trumpets, which are principally cylindrical of bore and straight of tube, horns are basically conical and curved. The instruments included here may be of conical bore with either straight or curved tubing, or of circular or looped tubing with either conical or cylindrical bore. A number of them, especially the ones with looped tubing, are, acoustically speaking, trumpets; but since looped shapes contributed virtually nothing (except crooks) to the history of the trumpet, while being potentially important to the development of the horn, this seemed the place to put them. On the other hand, long, gently curved or reverse-curved instruments with slightly expanding bore -- especially when they appear in subjects such as the Last Judgement, where the iconography is in general associated with the trumpet -- have been left for the trumpet iconography which God forbid I should live to accomplish.
Many thanks to the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
[Ferguson Pa] Ferguson, William Gowe (1632/33-p.1695). Hunting Still Life (1656). Schwerin, Mecklenburgisches LM. Includes a curved (?) horn (bell only visible). very unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 126/2, vol. II, p. 344)
[Ferguson Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dead Birds. Worcester Art Museum. Includes a small curved horn (bell only visible). unimp. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 89 (March 1977) La chronique des arts no. 1298, p. 50 [small reproduction])
[Ferguson Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. private collection. Includes a small (curved?) horn (bell only visible). very unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 126/10, vol. II, p. 345)
[Ferguson Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dead Birds. Amsterdam art market (1957). Includes a small horn (bell only visible). unimp. (sale, Mak van Waay, Amsterdam, 9.IV.1957, no. 87) He has an endless number of these. You never see more of the horn than the bell. (another: Einstein sale, Helbing, Munich, 12-13.II.1932, no. 342, dated 1671)
Fairs/Festivals: [J I Griffier Pa] Griffier, Jan I (prob. 1645-1718), attr. A View of London from Greenwich. Sibiu (Rumania), Brukenthalmuseum. Includes a rider in the fairground (the Charlton Horn Fair) with a curved horn. (Burlington 116 [1974] 315 [useless], 316 [very fuzzy detail, including the rider], text [D. de Marly, "A Griffier of Fairground Theatre," pp. 313-317] notes that the fair was associated with cuckoldry and much wearing of horns.)
Hunts and Hunters: See also Still Life.
Itinerant/Street Musicians: [Pr Anon.] [British, 17th century?] "An Abraham Man or Tom o'Bedlam." woodcut. He has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (W. Shakespeare. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. Hardin Craig. Chicago 1951. p. 980 [refers to Lear i 2 148: "Villanous melancholy, with a sigh like Tom o'Bedlam."])
[Pr Anon.] [British, 17th century?] "New Mad Tom of Bedlam." black-letter woodcut broadside ballad sheet. He has a curved horn hung from a strap. The same figure as the above, but without the building in the upper left of the composition. Seems a less skillful copy. (Early Music9 [1981] 436)
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Garden Parties.
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). The Return of the Prodigal Son. private collection. A rustic figure leaning out a window blows a large, curved horn. This horn, high up, in the dark shade of an arbor, its curved outline reflecting the light of the sun, is probably a reference to Moon, the planetary patroness of travellers and Faith. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. no. 39, p. 226 [fine color reproduction]; Burlington 134 [1992] 403)
Adonis: [Backer Pa] Backer, Jacob (1608-1651). Venus and Adonis. Eichenzell Museum, Schloss Fasanerie. Adonis has a curved horn horn. very unimp. (exh Frankfurt am Main SKI, 2000: Holländischer Klassizismus ... no. 25)
[F Bol Pa] Bol, Ferdinand (1616-1680). Venus and Adonis. private collection. Adonis has a curved horn hanging from a strap. The "mouthpiece" seems to be only a metal cap over the proximal end. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 51, as probably from the late 1650's)
[F Bol Pa] _______. Venus and Adonis. private collection. There is an unplayed, partly visible horn. very unimp. (A. Pigler Barockthemen ... Budapest 1956. vol. II, p. 243)
[Lairesse-Vaillant Pr] Wallerant Vaillant (1623-1677) after Gerard de Lairesse (1641-1711). Venus Restraining Adonis from Hunting. mezzotint. Adonis has a 2-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn hanging from a strap. The mouthpipe must emerge from the middle of the coil. (The placement of the horn is rather suggestive.) (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXI, no. 43, p. 88)
[E Quellinus II-Vaillant Pr] Wallerant Vaillant (1623-1677) after Erasmus Quellinus II (1607-1678). Venus Mourning over the Death of Adonis. mezzotint. Adonis' 3-1/2 circle, tightly coiled horn is on the ground in the left foreground. The mouthpipe emerges from the center of the coil. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXI, no. 44, p. 88)
Bacchanals: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures.
Diana: [H Bloemaert Pa] Bloemaert, Hendrick (1601-1672). Diana and Callisto. Paris art market (1989). Includes an unplayed curved horn. very unimp. (Burlington 131 [1989] December ad p. vii [color reproduction])
[A I Quellinus Sc] Quellinus, Artus I (1609-1668). Diana. Amsterdam, Stadhuis, S. Gallery. sculpture. A trophy beneath the figure includes numerous hunting horns, including a little 2-1/2 circle coiled horn (damaged). (K. Fremantle. The Baroque Town Hall of Amsterdam. Utrecht 1959. fig. 42, as 1650-1657)
Satyrs: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Other.
Tritons: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fountain Figures.
Other: [F Bol Pa] Bol, Ferdinand (1616-1680). Aeneas Distributes the Prizes. Utrecht, University (loan from the State Art Colection). Includes mounted heralds blowing a cornu and a straight trumpet. unimp. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 52)
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
[Eeckhout Pa] Eeckhout, Gerbrandt van den (1621-1674). Granida and Daifilo. Braunschweig HAUM, Print Room. drawing. Granida has a little curved horn hanging at her hip. Inspired by a pastoral play by Pieter Cornelisz Hooft. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 150. [text p. 102]; Burlington 91 [1949] 38)
[Horions Pa] Horions, Hans (Johan) (1606/24-1672). Theagenes and Chariclea. Utrecht, Centraal Museum. Includes a statue of a woman with a sword, blowing a reverse-curve horn or trumpet. Inspired by a romance by Heliodorus of Emesa. (De verzamlingen van het Centraal Museum, Utrecht, 5: Schilderkunst tot 1850. Utrecht 1999. cat. no. 306, p. 283 [color reproduction]; Oud-Holland 82 [1967] 141)
[Lairesse Dr] Lairesse, Gerard de (1641-1711), attr. Procession with Silvio Carrying the Head of the Erimanthian Boar (?). Darmstadt, Hessisches Landesmuseum. drawing. Includes a figure blowing a deeply curved, reverse-curve horn or trumpet with a serpent-head bell. Other figures play cornett (?), straight trumpet and tambourine. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 185 ; Vis. Coll. 374d.L145.90[b], as Bacchanal)
[Saftleven Pa] Saftleven, Herman (1609-1685). Silvio and Dorinda (Pastor Fido, IV,8), from the Pastor Fido cycle at Honselaarsdijk (1635). Berlin, Gemäldegalerie der SMPK. Silvio has a partly visible reverse-curve horn hung from a strap. (very) unimp. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 160; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 172)
[Vois Pa] Vois, Arie de (1631/32-1680). Silvio and Dorinda (Pastor Fido) (1675). Stockholm NM. Silvio has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 181)
[Wet Pa] Wet, Jacob Jacobsz de (1640-1697). Granida and Diafilo. Oldenburg, Landesmuseum für Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte. Includes a fountain figure (a male child) blowing a curved horn, water emerging from the bell. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 147)
Other: [Wsc Hamburg Kunst und Gewerbe] Dutch, ca. 1666. Boxwood picture frame. Hamburg, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe. Includes a figure blowing a straight trumpet, seated on a figure who has a curved horn around her neck and plays two handbells. (exh 1964: Hamburg, Die Campe'sche Historische Kunststiftung: Erwerbung seit 1945. pl. 20; Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 7 [1962] p. 9, detail of "Gerücht"/Rumor, p. 26. Identifies the figure blowing the straight trumpet as Gloria/Fame, and the seated figure as "Gerücht"/Rumor.)
[BI Dordrecht 1632] C. van Queborn (ca.1604-1652) after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). "Die iaeght met katten/Vanght niet als ratten" (He who hunts with cats, Catches nothing but rats), from Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den Ouden en de Nieuwen Tijdt. Dordrecht 1632. engraving. A rat catcher, turned out as a rather dandy hunter, has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 131)
[BI Dordrecht 1637] Anonymous engraver after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Crowd gathered round a crowned lady on a cart, from Jacob Cats, 's Werelts begin, midden, eynde ... Dordrecht 1637. engraving. Includes two figures blowing sharply curved reverse-curve horns and a figure blowing a straight trumpet. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXV, no. 347, p. 117).
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). A Merry Family/"Soo de ouden songen, so pijpen de jongen" (As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young) (1668). Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, on loan to RM. Includes a boy at the window dangling a long, curving horn. Figures play violin, bagpipe, and fife or flute. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 172 [not exhibited]; C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past ... New York 1984. p. 30 [color reproduction, too red]; Sedelmeyer sale, 1970, I vente, no. 177; Vis. Coll. 374.St3.90[Q]) Note a variant, without the horn -- the boy leaning in the window has a bubble pipe instead -- adv. Paul Cassirer, Berlin in Oude Kunst 2 (1950) 22.
[Bergh Pa] Bergh, J. (op. a. 1650), attr. A Shepherd Youth (1647 or 1649?). private collection. Genre portrait/figure. He plays a flute and has a cow horn hanging from a strap. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 38 [fine reproduction], and notes Galerie Sanct Lucas, Vienna, 1976. cat. no. 9 [reproduced])
[F Bol Pa] Bol, Ferdinand (1616-1680). The Huntsman. Toledo (Ohio) Museum of Art. He is a rather pastoral figure with a tiny curved horn hanging from a strap. (Toledo Museum of Art. European Paintings. Toledo OH 1976, p. 268)
[A Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Albert (1620-1691). Michiel and Cornelis Pompe van Meerdervoort with their Tutor and Coachman. New York Metropolitan. Their tutor, on horseback, may have a curved horn hanging from a strap. In the background there is a hunt with a huntsman at full gallop, blowing a curved horn. (exh Dordrecht, 1992: De zichtbaere werelt. p.125 [small reproduction, not exhibited]; The Dictionary of Art vol. 8, p. 295 [poor reproduction])
[A Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Albert (1620-1691). Group Portrait as a Hunting Party. location unknown. One of the figures has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (Burlington 115 [1973] 320, as ex Point collection, Munich)
[C B Everdingen Pa] Everdingen, Caesar Boëtius van (ca.1606-1678). Portrait of a Girl as a Huntress. Antwerp KMSK. She holds a dog by a leash in her left hand and a curved horn (very clear of its flat-rimmed, shallow mouthpiece) in her right. (exh Frankfurt am Main SKI, 2000: Holländischer Klassizismus. no. 40, as ca. 1665. Calls it a "portrait histoiré," and notes the somewhat antique costume. Notes that she does not represent Diana because there is no half moon in her hair, but that she does perhaps represent one of her nymphs [or merely a departure for the hunt].)
[Musscher Pa] Musscher, Michiel van (1645-1705). Portrait of Thomas Hees, Representative of the States-General to the Governments of Algeria, Tunisia and Tripoli, with his Nephews (1687). Amsterdam RM. Objects include an unusual oval-shaped horn and a tiny curved horn. Souvenirs? unimp. (M. Praz. An Illustrated History of Furnishing ... New York 1964. p. 134; A. Staring. De Hollanders thuis ... The Hague 1956. pl. XVI; exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en hollande au XVIIe siècle. no. 334, pl. 101)
[Netscher Pa] Netscher, Caspar (1635/36-1684). Portrait of Maria Timmers, Wife of Maurits de Leu de Wilhem (1683). The Hauge, Mauritshuis, no. 127. Beside her a sculptured figure of Amor stands atop a sphere (the world? -- Omnia vincit amor?) atop a fountain and blows a reverse-curve horn. Water comes out of the horn and she holds her hand in the falling water. (De Johgh considers this a symbol of Purity.) (Bernt no. 851; exh Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum, 1986: Portretten van echt en trouw ... Ed. E. de Jongh. no. 38, p. 191)
[Noort Pa] Noort, Pieter van (1602-ca.1648 or 1662). Two Young Hunters in a Landscape (1659). London art market. A horn with two loops hangs from a branch of a tree. (P. Gammelbo. Dutch Still Life Painting ... in Danish Collections. Copenhagen 1960. pl. 240; Connoisseur 159 [1965] August ad p. xlv [fine color reproduction]; 161 [1966] 186)
[Santvoort Pa] Santvoort, Dirk van (1610-1680). Portrait of Martinus Alewijn in Pastoral Dress (1644). Amsterdam RM. With sheep, a (hunting?) dog and a thistle digger. There is a partly visible curved (?) horn (?) horn on the ground in the right foreground. A pendant to Portrait of Clara Alewijn as a Shepherdess (Amsterdam RM). unimp. (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 63)
[Santvoort Pa] _______. Portrait of a Boy as a Shepherd (1632). Rotterdam BvB. The boy plays a flute and has a horn (cow) horn hanging from his belt. (Early Music 3 [1975] 6 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.Sa55.50[b])
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). The Leiden Baker Arend Oostwaert and his Wife Catharina Keyzerswaert. Amsterdan RM. Their child blows a horn (cow) horn. (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. no. 8, p. 123 [fine color reproduction])
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Pastorales; Miscellaneous Figures, Bakers.
[W van Aelst Pa] Aelst, Willem van (1627-ca.1683). Game Piece (166[0]). Berlin, Gemäldegalerie SMPK. Includes a horn horn. (Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 102 [fair reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Florence, Palazzo Pitti. Includes a curved horn. (A. M. Francini Ciaranfi. Pitti. Galleria Palatina. 1955. p. 153)
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1671). The Hague, Mauritshuis. Includes a partly visible horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 3/30, p. 22 [ok reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1668). Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle. Includes a partly visible horn horn. The "mouthpiece" seems to be merely a metal cap at the proximal end. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 3/27, vol. II, p. 21 [ok reproduction]; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984, p. 497 [nice color reproduction]; J. Lauts. Die Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe. Hanau 1968. p. 37; Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 103 [ok reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1664). Stockholm NM. Includes a partly visible horn horn. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 3/23. vol. I, pl. 2 [splendid color reproduction]; exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben In Europa. no. 140, p. 258)
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1657). London, Coll. H.M. the Queen. Includes one or two horn horns. unimp. (Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 10 [poor reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Munich art market (1948?, 1970?). Includes a curved horn, mostly obscured by a dead bird. The "mouthpiece" seems merely to be a metal cap at the proximal end. (Bernt I, pl. 4 [ok reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dead Falcon (1682). Paris art market (1995). Includes a curved horn horn (more of it visible than customary for van Aelst). (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 3/50, vol. I pl. 3 [splendid color reproduction])
[W van Aelst Pa] _______. Hunting Equipment and a Dead Partridge. location unknown. Includes a curved horn. (exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age ... p. 157. [not exhibited] Notes similarity to a painting attr. Pieter van den Bosch, formerly attr. van Aelst, which is in the exhibit [no. 7, p. 155])
[Angel Pa] Angel, Philips (1616-after 1683). Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. Vienna, Akademie der Bildenden Künste. Includes a horn horn (rather clear of the shallow cup mouthpiece). (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 5/6, vol. II, p. 35 [fine reproduction]; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 132)
[Biltius Pa] Biltius, Jacobus (1633-1681). Hunting Still Life. London art market (1982). Includes a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 171 [small reproduction])
[Biltius Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1659). London art market (1977). Includes a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (probably clear of the mouthpiece). (sale, Christie's, 15.VII.77, no. 205; Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 92 [fair reproduction])
[Biltius Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1675). Cologne art market (1971). Includes a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (sale Lempertz, Cologne, 26-28.V.1971, no. 216; Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 94. Compare fig. 92 [see above]. This horn looks like an awkward copy of that. Note especially the mouthpiece, which is much too large, and the awkward rendering of the bell.)
[Biltius Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. London art market (1924), New York art market (1963). Includes a 2-1/2 circle coiled horn with a large mouthpiece. (sale, Christie's, 30.VI.24)
[P van den Bosch Pa] Bosch, Pieter van den (ca.1613-1660?), attr. Still Life with Dead Fowl, Hunting Horn and Bird Whistles. private collection. Includes a partly visible horn horn. unimp. (exh The Hague 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age ... no. 7, p. 155 [fine color reproducton]. Notes exhibit, Rijksmuseum Paleis Het Loo, 1986/87: De Valkerij op Het Loo, where the painting was attributed to Willem van Aelst. Also notes sale, Lepke, Berlin, 5.VI.1917, no. 91, as attr. van Aelst)
[Brize Pa] Brize, Cornelis (1622-after 1670/79). Hunting Still Life. Location unknown. Includes a deeply curved horn. (sale Prestel, Frankfurt am Main, 10.V.15)
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] d'Hondecoeter, Melchior (1636-1695). The Homestead/Still Life. Amsterdam RM. Includes a horn horn. (Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 134 [poor reproduction])
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] ________. Hunting Still Life with Musket and Dead Hare. Amsterdam RM. Includes a deeply curved horn horn on the ground in the foreground. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 176/8, vol. II, p. 501 [poor reproduction])
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Philadelphia Museum of Art (John G. Johnson Coll.). Includes a partly visible horn horn. unimp. (Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 148 [ok reproduction])
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dog and Dead Game. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. Includes a deeply curved horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 176/3, vol. I, p. 498 [ok reproduction])
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dead Birds. Schwerin, Staatliches Museum. Includes a partly visible, curved horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 176/14, vol. II, p. 502 [ok reproduction]. She seems to refer to this as a powder horn.)
[M d'Hondecoeter Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1668). Solingen art market (1977). Includes a deeply curved horn horn (no separate mouthpiece). (Die Weltkunst 47 [1977] 331 [ok reproduction], as formerly coll. J. West, Alscot Park, Stratford-on-Avon)
[R Knight Pa] Knight, Robbert (doc.1669). Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1670). Vienna Art Market (1943). Includes a curved horn. Similar in style to similar paintings of Anthonie Leemans. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 197/1, vol. II, p. 560)
[A Leemans Pa] Leemans, Anthonie (Antonius) (1631-ca. 1673). Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. London art market (1930). Includes a curved horn. (sale, Christie's, 21.III.30)
[A Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1660). London art market (1938). Includes a curved horn and an odd little wide-bore coiled horn (the large mouthpiece and mouthpipe suddenly emerge in the wrong direction). (Vere sale, Robinson and Fisher, 8.XII.1938)
[A Leemans Pa] ________. Hunter, Dog and Hunting Still Life (1670). London art market (1925). Includes a partly visible 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (sale Robinson and Fisher, 5.XI.1925)
[A Leemans Pa] ________. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1658). private collection (Boughton House, Coll. Duke of Buccleuch) Includes a looped, ribbed horn with a cup mouthpiece (externally, at least it has parallel sides) with a wide, flat rim. The instrument is very clearly depicted. (Vis. Coll. 374.L518.90[a])
[A Leemans Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life, with a Man and a Dog (1671). Solingen art market (1977). Includes a partly visible 2-1/2 (?) circle coiled/looped horn. (Die Weltkunst 47 [1977] 112 [ok reproduction])
[J Leemans Pa] Leemans, Johannes (Jan) (ca.1633-1687/88). Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1678). Amsterdam RM. Includes a plump, looped horn (very similar to the one from the 1676 painting advertised in Burlington in 1980 [see below]).
[J. Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1665). Brussels MRBA. Includes a curved horn with a flat mouthpiece rim. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 210/1, vol. III, p. 585 [ok reproduction])
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1666). Brussels MRBA. Includes a tiny 1-2/circle coiled/looped horn with a reverse-curve mouthpipe and a funnel-shaped mouthpiece. There is another partly visible horn-like object. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 210/2, vol. III, p. 585)
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1684). Glasgow, University, Department of Fine Arts. Includes two curved horns (one partly visible). One seems quite small and has a tiny cup mouthpiece. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 210/4, vol. III, p. 587 [fine reproduction]; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 461; exh Glasgow, University, Department of Fine Arts, 1963: The Smillie Collection, and Exhibition of Pictures. cat. no. 18, pl. 13)
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. Seattle, The Seattle Art Museum. Includes a curved horn horn. No separate mouthpiece, just a cap on the end. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 210/6, vol. III, p. 588 [fine reproduction]; Burlington 101 [December 1959] Notable Works, pl. XIV; Connoisseur 145 [1960] 60 [poor reproduction])
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1676). New York art market (1980). Includes a little looped horn (no mouthpiece). (Burlington 121 [1979] Dec. ad. p. xxvii; sale, Sotheby Parke-Bernet, New York, 9.I.1980; Burlington 122 [1980] January ad p. xxvi [fine color reproduction, but reversed] [Leeman customarily paints his horns with the bell to the right, so I assume that this is the photograph that is reversed])
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life (1671). London art market (1980). Includes a curved horn and a small, looped horn with a short, wide funnel (?) mouthpiece. (Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 142. Notes sale, Christie's 12.XII.1980, no. 51)
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. London art market (1979). Includes a curved horn horn (no separate mouthiece, and the proximal end is very small). (Connoisseur 201 [1979] June ad p. 58 [ok reproduction]) The horn is similar to, but less convincing than, the one reproduced in Seattle, above.
[J Leemans Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. Amsterdam art market (1967). Includes a curved horn and a small looped horn. (Apollo 86 (1967) Dec. ad p. vii [poor reproduction]; Connoisseur 163 [1966] 113 [fuzzy reproduction]) Very similar to the Anthonie Leemans painting in the (ex?) Dr. Erasmus Collection. Variant, dated 1660, with the same instruments, slightly different composition: sale Christie's 28.XI.1958.
[P Leemans Pa] Leemans, P. Trompe l'oeil Hunting Still Life. Brussels art market (1982). Includes a curved horn. Looks like a poor copy of a Johannes Leemans painting (compare the one in Seattle, above). I'm not sure there ever was a "P. Leemans." (sale, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, 26-28.X.1982; Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 2985 [small reproduction])
[Lelienbergh Pa] Lelienbergh, Cornelis (1626-p.1676). Hunting Still Life with Dead Birds (1656). private collection. Includes a partly-visible curved horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. no. 211/12, vol. III, p. 599)
[Lelienbergh Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1668). The Hague art market (1970). Includes a small 1-1/2 circle coiled horn with a fluted bell. (Burlington 112 [1970] Sept. ad. p. xlvi)
[Lelienbergh Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. London art market (1964). Includes a partly visible 3-1/2 circle coiled horn with a large mouthpiece. (sale, Sotheby's, 8.VII.1964)
[Limborgh Pa] Limborgh, Michiel van (ca.1620-p.1675). Hunting Still Life with Dead Game. Strasbourg MBA. Includes an unenthusiastically depicted, partly visible, small, 2-1/2 circle coiled horn. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. no. 213/1, vol. III, p. 604 [ok reproduction])
[Michielsen Pa] Michielsen, Louis (doc. 1675). Hunting Still Life with Dead Birds (1680). Vienna, Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Gemäldegalerie. Includes a partly visible curved horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. no. 240/2, vol. III, p. 663 [ok reproduction])
[Master G Pa] Monogrammist G (17th century). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. private collection. Includes a curved horn. An unimpressive painter working in the style of Johannes Leemans. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 255/1, vol. III, p.692)
[Roestraten Pa] Roestraten, Pieter Gerritsz. (ca.1630/32-1698/1700). Still Life with Vessels, Watch and Oysters. London V&A. Includes a two-handled tureen with the figure of a hunter on the lid. He holds a lance and blows a shallow curved horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 332/6, vol. III, p. 828 [ok reproduction])
[Vonck Pa] Vonck, Jan (1630-166-?). Hunting Still Life. Basel art market (1982). Includes a small horn horn (it must have been very shrill). unimp. (Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 1493)
[Weenix Pa] Weenix, Jan (1640-1719). Dead Hare and Birds in a Park (1697). Amsterdam RM. Includes a partly visible horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 429/14, vol. III, p. 1092 [ok reproduction])
[Weenix Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with a Dead Hare and Dead Birds in a Landscape (1701). Copenhagen SmfK. Includes an almost completely visible, deeply curved horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 429/17, vol. III, p. 1094)
[Weenix Pa] _______. Landscape with Huntsmen and Dead Game (1697). Edinburgh, National Gallery of Scotland (purchased 1990). There is a curved horn lying on the ground in the center foreground. (Burlington 133 [1991] 743)
[Weenix Pa] _______. A Deer Hound with Dead Game and Implements of the Chase(1708). London NG. Includes a partly visible curved horn hanging from a tree. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 429/27, vol. III, p. 1100 [ok reproduction]; Opperman 1977. p. 1005 [useless reproduction])
[Weenix Pa] _______. Animals, Hunting Accessories and a Hunter (1702). Munich AP. Includes, among the hunting accessories, a partly visible horn horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 429/19, vol. III, p. 1095 [ok reproduction])
[Weenix Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with a Dead Hare in a Landscape (1706). Paris Louvre. Includes a partly visible horn horn. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 429/25, vol. III, p. 1098)
[Weenix Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. private collection. Includes a horn horn. very unimp. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 525)
[Weenix Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1706). private collection. Includes a horn horn. The horn is only very partly visible, mainly of the interior of the distal end, but the presentation is quite dramatic. (exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979/80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 142, p. 261 [fine reproduction])
[J B Weenix Pa] Weenix, Jan Baptist (1621-1663). Hunting Still Life in a Niche, with Dead Hare. Paris Louvre. Includes a partly visible horn horn. unimp. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 430/10, vol. III, p. 1108)
See also Mythology, Diana.
[BI Amsterdam 1631] Anon. Title page of Frederik de Wit (Widt),Animatum quadripedum Venates (a series of 9 prints). Amsterdam 1631. engraving. There is a border of animals and hunting implements, including two curved horns. very unimp. (Schwerdt vol. II, pl. 146)
Battles: [Verschuring Pr] Hendrik Verschuring (1627-1690). A Cavalry Skirmish. etching. One of the riders blows a reverse-curve, looped horn. (For some reason he reminds me a bit of Death.) (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXVI, no. 1, p. 152; =? IB vol. 1, no.1, p. 128)
Garden Parties: See also Miscellanous Figures, Fountain Figures.
Hunts and Hunters: See also Portraits and Conversation Pieces; Still Life; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Other.
[Pa private collection] [Dutch? 17th Century?]. A Hunter and his Dogs. private collection. He has a large, curved horn. (Franz Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. Schlösser in Bayern. Munich 1972. Abb. 267)
[Ta Stockholm NM] Dutch (Delft, Atelier of Maximilian van der Gucht), 1647. English Hunt: Hare Hunting. Stockholm NM? tapestry. Includes a prominent mounted hunter with a curved horn. (Göbel I/2, pl. 496, as Swedish State Property)
[Ta location unknown] _______, (no date). Hunt. Berlin art market (1923). tapestry. Includes three short, fat, curved horns: one played by a mounted hunter, one hung from a strap on a hunter on foot, one in a hunting still life. (Göbel I/2, pl. 497)
[Beeldemaeker Pa] Beeldemaeker, Adriaen Cornelisz (ca.1618-1709). A Hunter and his Dogs (1653). Amsterdam RM. He has a small 1-1/2 circle hunting horn hanging from a strap. (Berndt I, pl. 62; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 438 [ok reproduction]; Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 9 [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.B3895.90[a])
[Blom Pa] Blom, Jan (1622-1685). Hunting Party Outside a Villa. London art market (1973). Includes a hunter (small detail) with a curved horn and, in the left foreground, a sculptured putto on a fountain blowing a curved horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 48 [ok reproduction]; cf. Alan Jacobs Gallery, Spring Exhibit 1973 catalog, p. 40 [color reproduction])
[Camphuysen Pa] Camphuysen, Govert (1624?-1672). William II of Orange Hunting. Lille, Musée. Includes a figure with a curved horn. (Lille, Musée. 100 chefs d'oeuvre. Lille 1970. no. 54, as 1647?)
[A Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Albert (1620-1691). Hunting Party. Includes a figure on foot, blowing a tiny curved horn. (Vis. Coll. C99.90[p], no location)
[Hackaert Pa] Hackaert, Jan (ca. 1629-ca.1690). Stag Hunt. Amsterdam art market. Includes a figure blowing a curved (?) horn. (Simiolus 19/4 [1989] unnumb. p. at the back [reproduction useless for the horn])
[Hackaert-Berchem Pa] Hackaert, Jan (ca. 1629-ca.1690) (landscape) and Niclolaes Berchem (1620-1683) (figures). Stag Hunt. London, National Gallery no. 829. Includes a hunter on foot blowing a very deeply curved horn (held like a trompe de chasse, looks like a trompe de chasse without the loop). (Bernt I, pl. 464 [small reproduction]; exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en hollande au XVIIe siècle. no. 72, pl. 17)
[Hackaert-van de Velde Pa] Hackaert, Jan (ca. 1629-ca.1690) (landscape) and Adriaen Pietersz van de Velde (1636-1672). Hunters Setting Out. location unknown (ex. Coll. Earl of Northbrook, no. 60). A hunter, with dogs, in the foreground has a rather large, semi-circular horn hanging from a strap. (Bernt I, pl. 463 [fair reproduction])
[Heusch-Lingelbach Pa] Heusch, Willem de (ca. 1618-1692) (landscape) and Johannes Lingelbach (1622-1674) (figures). Landscape with Hunters. Kassel, Staatliche Museen, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe. no. 409. Figures include a mounted hunter with a curved horn. (Bernt II, pl. 517)
[Hondius Pa] Hondius, Abraham (1626-1695). Rest after the Hunt (1662). Ansbach, Staatsgalerie. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn dangling from a strap. unimp. (Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Kunstsammlungen 8 [1963] 45)
[Hondius Pa] _______. Stag Hunt (1663). Grenoble MBA. Includes a mounted hunter with a lance galloping after a stag, his curved horn on a strap flying out behind him. unimp. (Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Kunstsammlungen 8 [1963] 39)
[Hondius Pa] _______. Boar and Stag Hunt (1664). Hamburg KH. Includes a mounted hunter with a lance galloping after a stag, his curved horn on a strap flying out behind him. unimp. (Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Kunstsammlungen 8 [1963] 35 [small, poor color reproduction], 37 [ok b&w detail])
[Hondius Pa] _______. Hunt. private collection Includes a mounted hunter with a horn hanging from a strap. London art market (1976). unimp. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, opp. p. 65 [fine color reproduction], no. 202 [black and white reproduction], cites Coll. Richard Green, London, 1976, cat. no. 17 [color reproduction])
[Hondius Pa] _______. Rest During the Hunt. Würzburg art market (1985). Includes a mounted hunter blowing a curved horn (straight at the proximal end). Dramatically placed. (Die Weltkunst 55 (1985) 399 [fine color reproduction])
[Hondius Pr] _______. Reclining Hunter with a Pack of Dogs (1672). etching. He holds a partly visible curved horn with a rather large mouthpiece. unimp. (IB vol. 7, no. 1, p.131)
[Hooghe Pr] Hooghe, Romeyn de (1645-1708). Dutch Park Landscape. etching. Figures include a hunter blowing a deeply curved horn. Unimportant, but gives an idea of the noisy intrusiveness of little hunting parties, this one on aristocratic rather than peasant life. And what is the object over a man's shoulder that looks like a small, ribbed alphorn? (Hirth no. 2843)
[Hooghe Pr] _______. "Veuë des entrées et de la plaine devant la maison" (View of the Prinzenhof, Cleve/Kleve). etching. A falconing party going down the street includes a hunter blowing a 1-1/2 (?) circle horn. (F. Gorissen. Conspectus Cliviae. Die klevische Residenz in der Kunst des 17. Jahrhunderts. Kleve 1964. fig. 103)
[Jongh Pa] Jongh, Ludolf de (1616-1679). A Mounted Hunter with a Pack of Dogs, Blowing a Curved Horn. London art market (1971). He blows a rather long, semi-circular horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 210, notes sale, Christie's 11.V.71)
[Lingelbach Pa] Lingelbach, Johannes (ca. 1624-174). Falconers Returning from the Hunt. Zürich art market (1970). Includes a prominent mounted hunter blowing an irregularly curved horn. Italian setting (not one of the best). (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 236; Apollo 92 [1970] July ad p. xvii [poor reproduction])
[Lingelbach Pa] _______. Hawking Party. Zürich art market (1978). Includes a hunter on a white horse blowing an irregularly curved horn. It's clearer than the other one in Müllenmeister (no. 236). The proximal end is straight. The mouthpiece seems quite small. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 234 [ok reproduction]; Die Weltkunst 48 [1978] 10 [fine color reproduction])
[Lingelbach-Wijnants Pa] _______ (figures) and Jan Wijnants (1631/32-1684). Hawking Party. London art market (1924). Includes a mounted hunter blowing a curved horn. (Westminster sale, Christie's 4.VII.1924)
[Ochtervelt Pa] Ochtervelt, Jacob (1634-1682). Halt on the Chase. location unknown (1978). A hunter on a white horse blows a reverse-curve horn (held downward). Unusual pose. There is a pair of lovers on the ground beside the horse. (Oud-Holland 92 [1978] 53)
[Pynacker Pa] Pynacker, Adam (1622-1673). Landscape with Hunters. Dulwich, Dulwich College Picture Gallery, no. 86. Includes a puffed-cheeked hunter blowing a very delicate, semi-circular horn (unusual). (Dulwich College Picture Gallery. Illustrations of its Pictures. London 1936. p. 39 [tiny reproduction]; B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 469 [fine color reproduction]; exh London, Royal Academy of Art, 1952-53: Dutch Pictures, 1450-1750. no. 445; Burlington 95 [1953] 53 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.P997.8[m])
[Stoop Pa] Stoop, Dirck (ca.1618-p.1686). Hunters Resting. Copenhagen SmfK. Includes a hunter blowing a longish, curved horn. (Oud-Holland 83 [1968] 125)
[Stoop Pa] _______. Hunting Party. private collection. Includes a prominent mounted hunter on a rearing horse blowing a curved horn. Very lively. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 439 [ok reproduction])
[Velde Pa] Velde, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1636-1672). Huntsmen Departing (1666). London, Coll. H.M. the Queen, Buckingham Palace no. 59. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn. (Bernt III, pl. 1233 [unclear reproduction])
[Velde Pa] _______. Hunting Party on the Grounds of an Estate (1662). private collection. Includes a prominent, mounted hunter blowing a curved horn. Note the contrast between the highlighted elegant hunter on his fine horse and the beggars in the shadows. (Burlington 95 [1953] 50)
[J B Weenix Pa] Weenix, Jan Baptist (1621-1663). Hunter, with Dogs Devouring a Deer. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. The hunter blows a rather large curved horn. (Gemar-Koeltzsch Holländische Stillebenmaler. cat. no. 430/7, vol. III, p. 1106 [ok reproduction])
[J B Weenix Pa] _______. Hunters Resting among Ruins. London art market (1971). Includes a hunter blowing a curved horn. Italian setting. The artist carefully outlines the horn against the lighter background. (Burlington 113 [1971] Oct. ad. p. lxxix)
[J Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman (Wouwermans), Johannes (Jan) (1629-1666). Hunters Pausing Before a Building. London art market (1967). There is a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn lying on the ground at the left edge of the picture. (Connoisseur 165 [1967] May ad. p. xli)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman (Wouwermans), Philips (1619-1668). Return from the Hunt. Berlin, Schloss Charlottenburg. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn. (Bauwerke und Kunstdenkmäler von Berlin: Schloss Charlottenburg. Berlin 1970. fig. 682)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Hunting Party Pausing Beside a River. Berlin, Gemäldegalerie. Includes a hunter blowing a curved horn. (Gemäldegalerie Berlin. Gesamtverzeichnis. Berlin 1996. cat. no. 900, fig. 1696, p. 440 [small but clear reproduction]; Marburg 191 817 [small reproduction])
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Departure for the Hunt. Berlin, Gemäldegalerie. Italianate setting. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn. (Gemäldegalerie Berlin. Gesamtverzeichnis. Berlin 1996. cat. no. 900B, p. 400 [minuscule reproduction])
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Stag Hunt by a River. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, no. 1449. Italian setting. Includes a mounted hunter galloping along, blowing a curved horn. (It must be rather hard on the embouchure.) Good example of hunters charging roughshod past toiling peasants. (Bernt III, pl. 1426 [too small]; Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 569 [better])
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Return from the Hunt. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Inv. no. 1722. Includes two hunters with curved horns. They seem to serve no purpose except to make noise and are probably there because Wouwermans liked to paint curved horns outlined against the sky or a light-colored building. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 556)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Hunting Party at Rest. Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Inv. 2591. Includes a hunter with a curved horn hanging from a strap holding hands with a lady, with a feathered hat, holding a tazza. (Brüchle and Jantezky 1976, p. 57 [fine detail]; Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 557)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Stag Hunt. London, Natonal Gallery. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn. unimp. (B. Haak. The Golden Age ... New York 1984. p. 388 [reproduction n.g. for details])
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Hunting Party Beside a River. Vienna KH, Inv. no. 1351. Includes a prominent mounted hunter blowing a curved horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 542)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Huntsmen Halted at an Inn. private collection. Includes a mounted figure blowing a curved, flaring horn (prominent). (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 560; =? Burlington 110 [1968] June ad p. xix [tiny reproduction]. Ex coll. Morris I. Kaplan, Chicago.)
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Hunting Party. London art market (1959). Itailan setting. Includes a mounted hunter blowing a curved horn. Another hunter seems to have a small, coiled horn hung from a strap. The hunter blowing the curved horn is quite dramatically placed to call attention to the figure, which is rather a cliché, and of which this is a good example. (Connoisseur 144 [1959] November ad. p. [lxii])
[Ph Wouwerman Pa] _______. Figures in a Landscape. private collection. Includes a prominent mounted hunter with a curved horn. (K. Wilczek. Katalog der Graf Czernin'schen Gemäldegalerie in Wien. Vienna 1936. pl. 135 -- as "Wouwermans")
[Ph Wouwerman-Moyreau Pr] Jean Moyreau (1690-1762) after Philips Wouwerman. Retour de chasse et curée. engraving. Italian setting. Includes a mounted hunter blowing a curved horn. Similar in setting and atmosphere to the London art market (1959) painting above. (Hirth no. 2341)
[Pi Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman (Wouwermans), Pieter (1623-1682). Stag Hunt. Budapest SM inv. no. 1729. In the foreground, two hunters run with their dogs while blowing their horns. In the background a mounted hunter blows a horn. (Bernt III, pl. 1433; Sullivan Dutch Game Piece. fig. 80)
[Pi Wouwerman Pa] _______. A Falconer on Horseback. private collection. Includes a mounted hunter with a curved horn hanging from a strap, flopping along as he rides. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 572; Galerie Sanct Lucas, Vienna, Winter 1965/66 exhibit catalog, no. 18)
[J Wyck Dr] Wyck, Jan (ca. 1645-1700). The Death of the Hart. London BM. drawing. Four hunters with foxhorns stand over the hart. (1960 catalog: British [sic] Drawings I. pl. 295)
[J Wyck Pa] _______. Hunt. London art market (1973). Includes a hunter at full gallop, tooting his coiled horn (rather unclear). unimp. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 580. Notes sale, Christie's, 26.X.1973, illus. no. 113)
[Wyck Pa] _______. Hilly Landscape with Hunters. London art market (1966, 1973). A hunter on foot has a looped horn suspended from a strap. (Bernt III, pl. 1439 [poor reproduction]. Notes sale, Sotheby's, 16.XI.1966; Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 581. Notes Alan Jacobs Gallery, London, Spring 1973 catalog, p. 8 [color reproduction])
[T Wijck Pa] Wijck, Thomas (1616-1677). View of the Ponte Molle. Braunschweig HAUM. Includes, in the left foreground, a mounted hunter blowing a deeply curved horn. (G. Briganti et al. The Bambocciante ... Rome 1983. p. 234 [ok color reproduction])
[T Wijck Pa] _______. Hunt. Includes a mounted hunter with a slender, curved horn. (Brüchle and Jantezky 1976, p. 69. No location, photo from Berlin, Staatlices Institut für Musikforschung.)
[Wijnants Pa] Wijnants, Jan (1620/25-1684). Landscape with Hunters (1666). Bonn, Rheinisches Landesmuseum. Includes a hunter on foot with a looped horn. (small detail, but ok) (J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 171)
[Wijnants Pa] _______. Landscape with a Party of Returning Falconers. London art market (1956). Includes a hunter with a curved horn coming over the brow of a hill. Unimportant, but fine for atmosphere. (Connoisseur 137 [1956] May ad. p. [xvii] [color reproduction])
Pastorales: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures; Portraits.
[Backer Pa] Backer, Jacob (1608-1651). Pastorale. The Hague, Dienst Verspreide Rijkscollecties. Includes an unplayed, partly visible curved horn as part of a sort of hunting still life. (There are five female figures, one of whom plays a recorder, another holds a tambourine and a third sings.) (Kettering Dutch Arcadia. fig. 130)
[Mancadan Pa] Mancadan, Jacobus (1602-1680). Mountain Landscape with Peasants, Cattle and Sheep. Berlin art market (1942). There seems to be a peasant blowing a straight horn (a sort of mini-alphorn?). (Bernt II pl. 725, notes Union sale, Berlin, 10.VI.1942, no. 82)
[Pynacker Pa] Pynacker, Adam (1622-1673). A Waterfall in a Mountain Landscape. Berlin, SMPK. Includes a herdsman blowing a curved horn. (Gemäldegalerie Berlin. Gesamtverzeichnis. Berlin 1996. no. 1524; Vis. Coll. 374.P997.8[aa])
Other: [Poel Pa] Poel, Egbert van der (1621-1664). Figures on a Frozen Canal (1656). Houston, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation. There is a satyr-like figurehead on a horse-drawn ice-sled blowing a long, looped, reverse-curve horn. (There is also a mounted figure blowing a trumpet.) (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, opp. p. 16 [color reproduction], no.298 [black and white reproduction])
Parties/Music Parties: See also Emblems and Proverbs ("Soo de ouden songen").
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Music Party. Chicago, Art Institute. Among the several musical instruments, played and not played, there is a long, slender, curved horn hanging from the back of a chair. (Vis.Coll. 374.St3.90[x])
Other: [Ph Wouwerman Pa] Wouwerman (Wouwermans), Philips (1619-1668). Barn Interior, with a Prominent White Horse. private collection. Includes a prominent hunter with an almost semi-circular curved horn hung from a strap. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 562)
Bakers: See also Portraits and Conversation Pieces
[Berckheyde Pa] Berckheyde, Job Adriaensz (1630-1693). Scene in a Baker's Shop. The Hague. Includes in the foreground a little still life of bread, a vase with flowers, and a cow horn (the proximal end is so small it is hard to see how one could blow it). (exh Paris, Musée des Arts Decoratifs, 1967: La vie en Hollande au XVIIe siècle. no. 192, pl. 55, w/location: Nat. Serv. of the Mobilier National)
[Berckheyde Pa] _______. The Baker. Worcester Art Museum no. 1975.105. A baker blows a cow horn (to announce the availablilty of fresh bread). (He has a side embouchure, like a cornett embouchure.) (Bernt I, pl. 92; exh Philadelphia, etc., 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. no. 6, pl. 119 [fine color reproduction], as ca. 1681. Notes replica [1681]: Ulm, Deutsches Brotmuseum.)
[Couwenbergh Pa] Couwenbergh, Christiaen van (1604-1667). A Baker Blowing his Horn (1650). Antwerp, Museum Mayer van den Bergh, no. 896. He blows a cow horn. (Bernt I, pl. 266 [ok reproduction]; cat. exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 124 [not exh])
[A van Ostade Pa] Ostade, Adriaen van (1610-1684). A Baker at his Shop Window. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. He blows a cow horn. (cat. exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller, p. 122 [not exhibited])
[A van Ostade Pa] _______. A Baker at his Shop Window. etching. He blows a cow horn. (IB vol. I, no. 7-III, p. 329; C. G. Boerner, Düsseldorf, catalog no. 7 [1953] no. 137, cover)
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). The Milkman. location unknown (1996). Includes a baker blowing a small cowhorn (?). (cat. exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. p. 124 [not exh], as ca. 1652-1658; Vis. Coll. 374.St.3.90[C/c)
Fountain Figures: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures; Portraits and Conversation Pieces.
[Blom Pa] Blom, Jan (1622-1685). Hunting Party Outside a Villa. London art market. Includes a hunter (small detail) blowing a curved horn and, in the left foreground, a sculptured putto on a fountain blowing a curved horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 48 [ok reproduction]; cf. Alan Jacobs Gallery, Spring Exhibit 1973 catalog, p. 40 [color reproduction])
[Lingelbach Pa] Lingelbach, Johannes (1622-1674). View of a Port (1661). private collection. Includes a fountain with a Triton blowing a shell horn. (G. Briganti et al. The Bamboccianti ... Rome 1983. p. 285 [fair reproduction])
[Ossenbeeck Pr] Ossenbeeck, Jan van (1627?-1678). The Fountain of Triton. etching. A rural fountain with the water issuing from two ribbed horns blown by a Triton. (IB vol. 17, no. 26, p. 97)
[Steen Pa] Steen, Jan (1626-1679). Garden Party (1677). private collection. Includes a fountain with a figure blowing a reverse-curve horn (water coming out of the bell). (exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. no. 49, p. 174 [fine color reproduction]; J. M. Nash. The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer ... New York 1972. pl. 174 [ok reproduction])
Putti: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fountain Figures.
Shepherds/Herdsmen: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Pastorales.
[A van de Velde Pr] Velde, Adriaen van de (1636-1672). Herdsman and Bull, title sheet to a series of ten prints depicting various animals. etching. The herdsman blows a little curved (cow?) horn. (IB vol. 1, no. 1-I, p. 223)
Other: See also Emblems (Rat-catcher).
Triumph of David: [S de Vos Pa] Vos, Simon de (1603-1673). Triumph of David (?). location not recorded. A soldier blows a cornu and a woman plays a tambourine. (Obrazárny Statnich Zamku. Prague 1957, no. 16)
Esau: [Ta Cracow Wawel] Flemish (Brussels, atelier of Jacob van Zeunen), ca. 1650. Isaac Sending Esau Off to Hunt. Cracow, Wawel, Cathedral. tapesty. Esau has a tiny curved horn hanging from a strap. (Katalog Zabytków sztuki w polsce, IV/1: Miastro Kraków. Wawel. Ed. J. Szablowski. Warsaw 1965. fig. 871 [poor reproduction])
Passion -- Mocking/Flagellation of Christ: [Stomer Pa] Stomer, Matthias (ca.1600-p.1651). The Mocking of Christ. Bloomington IN, University Art Museum. Includes a youth blowing a curved horn? (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 103 [March 1984] La chronique des arts no. 1382, p. 26 [useless reproduction])
St. Hubert/Eustache: [Oost Pa] Oost, Jacob II van (1637-1713). The Virgin Mary Delivering the Bishop's Robes to St. Hubert of Liège (1668). Bruges, Church of the Holy Savior. St. Hubert has a large, deeply curved horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 444, pl. CXXII)
Adonis: [Willeboirts Pa] Willeboirts, Thomas (1613/14-1654). Venus and Adonis. Berlin, Jagdschloss Grünewald. Adonis' curved horn is lying on the ground. unimp. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 163)
Calydonian Boar, Hunt of the: [Ta art market] Flemish, 17th century. The Hunt of Meleager. Paris art market (1982). tapestry. He lies on the ground with his head on a lady's (Atalanta's?) lap, holding up his hand as though holding up the cup of pleasure (but no cup). He has a small 1-1/2 circle horn hanging from a strap. (Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 3516)
[Boeyermans Pa] Boeyermans, Theodore (1602-1678). The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar (1677). Belgian art market (1982). Includes a hunter, on foot, playing a sharply curved horn. (Burlington 124 [1982] 757)
[Herp Pa] Herp, Willem van (1614-1677), attr. The Hunt of Atalanta and Meleager. private collection. Includes a hunter with a curved horn. There is also a bozzetto in the Cook Collection, with a less visible horn. (both [poor reproductions] Archivo español de Arte 41 [1968] pl. VI opp. p. 239)
Diana: [Avont Pa] Avont, Pieter van (1600-1652). Diana with her Nymphs in a Wood. London art market (1955). Includes a curved horn (conical, almost no extra bell flare), a 4-1/2 circle, tightly coiled horn and a third (unclear) horn. (Ambler Sale, Christie's, 22.VII.1955)
[Halen Pa] Halen, Peter van (1612-1687). Bath of Diana and Callisto. Antwerp KMSK cat. 5086. Objects include a 4-1/2 (?) circle tightly coiled horn and a curved (?) horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 259, pl. CXXVIII)
[J I van Kessel Pa] Kessel, Jan I van (1626-1679). Diana Resting after the Hunt. private collection. Hunting props include a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, a 5-1/5 circle tightly coiled horn, and two (one partly visible) curved horns. (Leppert Theme. no. 383, pl. CXXVII [poor reproduction])
[Thulden-P de Vos Pa] Thulden, Theodoor van (1606-1669), and Paul de Vos (ca. 1596-1678). The Hunt of Diana. location unknown. Includes a nymph blowing a curved horn (it's in her mouth). (Leppert Theme. no. 691, pl. CXXIV)
Satyrs and Fauns: [Ta art market] Flemish, second half, 17th century. Pastoral Subject. tapestry. Berlin art market (1923). Includes a faun in a boat blowing a fanciful horn. There is also another player of a wind instrument and, in the background, three dancers and a panpiper. unimp. (Göbel I/2, no. 97, text I/1, p. 135)
Tritons: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees ("Tritons").
Other: [Jan II Breughel Pa] Breughel, Jan II (1601-1678). Wooded Landscape. Vienna art market (1920). Hunting props include a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn. They are very prominent. (Schidlof sale, Vienna, 4-6.II.1920)
[Jan II Breughel-van Balen Pa] _______ (figures by Hendrik van Balen). Nymphs, Dogs, Horses and Dead Game (1627). location unknown. Hunting props include a 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and two curved horns. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, no. 274)
[D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David II (1610-1690). Wedding of Amphitrite. private collection. Among the musical amoretti is one with a horn horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. I, p. 181)
[Willeboirts Pa] Willeboirts, Thomas (1614-1654). Flora. ex Berlin, Schloss (destroyed). Includes a putto blowing a curved horn. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 164)
[Willeboirts-Metz Pr] Conrad Martin Metz (1745/55-1827) after Thomas Willeboirts (1614-1654). Dido and Aeneas, from Metz's Imitations of Ancient and Modern Drawings. London 1798, pl. 171 (as van Dyck). Includes a putto flying above, blowing a curved horn. There is also a drawing (location unknown) and a painting (1646) (Potsdam, Sans-Souci) (all three reproduced in Oud-Holland 77 [1962] 139)
[Ta Munich BNM] Flemish (Brussels, atelier of Geraert Peemans), 17th century. The Marriage Feast of Zenobia with Odaenathus, from a series devoted to The Story of Zenobia, Queen of Palmyr. Munich BNM. tapestry. Includes musicians in a draped gallery, blowing lustily on a curved horn; a looped, undulating trumpet; and straight and curved trumpets. (Göbel I/2, no. 340 [ok reproduction], as ca. 1660 with location as Bayerisches Staatsmuseum)
[Ta Vienna KH] Flemish (Brussels, atelier of Henrik Reydams), ca. 1665. The Story of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (Scipio Africanus Major): Banquet. Wien KH? tapestry. The music is provided by players of a cornu and an undulating horn. (It looks like a high school Latin Club banquet.) unimp. (Göbel I/2, no. 287, as Oesterreichische Staatssammlung)
[Ta Vienna KH] Flemish (Brussels, cartoon by Justus van Egmont [1601-1674]), 17th century. Fierce Germanic Women Fighting, from an Augustus series. Vienna KH. tapestry. A mounted figure at the left blows a sort of upside-down cornu with an animal-head bell. Two mounted figures at the right blow very short straight trumpets. (CRLB XIII[1], vol. 1, fig. 112)
Hearing: [J II Brueghel Pa] Brueghel, Jan II (1601-1678), attr. Hearing. private collection. Includes curved and coiled horns. (van Dijck-Koopman no. 102 [poor reproduction]. Notes also attr. Jan I van Kessel)
[J II Breugel-J I van Kessel Pa] Breughel, Jan II (1601-1678) and Jan I van Kessel (1626-1679), attr. Hearing. Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Musée. Among the many musical instruments are a 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, a tiny coiled horn with something sticking out of the center of the coils (not the mouthpipe -- see the drawing of hunting accessories [Hamburg KH], below), and two curved horns. (Pincherle p. 78 [ok reproduction]; van Dijck - Koopman no.101; Antwerp KmsK Jaarboek 1966, p. 160) Variant: ex de Leon Collection. (Leppert Theme. no. 109, pl. XXV, as Jan I, et al; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1966, p. 163)
[J I van Kessel Pa] Kessel, Jan I van (1626-1679). Hearing (1659), from a Five Senses series (?). Louviers, Musée municipal inv. Lov.4111. Among the many musical instruments there are two 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horns (one with the mouthpipe emerging from the center of the coil, and what looks like one finger hole [this may just be a spot on the photograph]) and two curved horns. (Leppert Theme. no. 384, not illus; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1966, pp. 167-168 [including a detail with the horns]; van Dijck-Koopman 1987, no. 172 [small reproduction, but fairly clear]). Note a similar painting, sale Butterfield & Butterfield, San Francisco, 1985. The main difference seems to be the personification, which is here based on the Jan I Breughel Hearing in the Prado, Madrid (nude, back view and playing a lute). (adv. The New York Times 9.VI.1985 [useless reproduction])
[Kessel Pa] Kessel, Jan I van (1626-1679). Hearing, from a Five Senses series (?). London art market (1943). The setting is the reverse of the Jan I Breugel Hearing in the Prado, Madrid. Among the many musical instruments there is a great variety of horns. (Burlington 82 [1943] April ad p. vi [utterly useless reproduction])
[Fyt-Rombouts Pa] Fyt, Jan (1611-1661) and Theodoor Rombouts (1597-1637). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. location unknown (ex Kay Collection, Edinburgh). A genre portrait. A hunter blows a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (the mouthpiece is not much more than an extension of the mouthpipe). (Leppert Theme. no. 233, not illus.; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1965, p. 140)
Love and Sex: See also Still Life (Hoecke, Kessel).
See also Allegory, Hearing.
[Coques Pa] Coques, Gonzales (1614-1684). Family Portrait. London BM 1909-1-9-9. drawing. Three figures, including a child with a small curved horn. (cat. Dutch and Flemish Artists, III. London 1923. pl. XLIX; Vis. Coll. 374.1d.C796.70a)
[Coques Pa] _______. Portrait of a Man. private collection. There is perhaps a curved horn among the props (it may not be a musical instrument at all). (Leppert Theme. no. 143, not illus.; Bulletin des Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 16 [1967] 185)
[Coques Pa] _______, attr. Conversation Piece. Brussels art market (1903). One of the sitters, a boy, has a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn hung at his waist. (Bulletin des Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 16 [1967] 195 [miserable reproduction], as Le retour de la chasse)
[Court Pa] Court, Martinus de la (1640-1710). Portrait of a Delft Postmaster and his Four Sons. Den Haag, Nederlands Postmuseum. The props include a tiny looped horn (a post horn or a toy for one of the sons). (exh Den Haag, Gemeentemuseum, 1964: Statenspiegel. cat. no. 365, pl. 68, as ca. 1695)
See also Mythology, Diana; Allegory, Hearing; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Parties and Music Parties.
[Boel Pa] Boel, Peter (1622-1674). Hunting Still Life. Rotterdam BvB. Includes a horn of ca. 4 coils which Leppert Theme calls "rare and odd intertwined coiling." It surely is. A tiny horn, all snarled up. (exh Rotterdam Museum BvB, 1989: Stillevens uit de Gouden Eeuw. no. 4, p. 57 [fair reproduction]; Leppert Theme. no. 43, not illus)
[Coques-Ehrenberg Pa] Coques, Gonzales (1618-1684), and Wilhelm van Ehrenberg (1630-ca.1676). The Picture Gallery of Pierre Ferdinand de Roose (1666). private collection. Among the paintings on the wall is a hunting still life with a coiled horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 148, pl. XXXI)
[Fyt Pa] Fyt, Jan (1611-1661). Hunting Still Life. Maaseik, Gemeentehuis Museum. Includes a double-looped horn (not terribly clear, alas). (Leppert Theme. no. 231, pl. CXI [fair reproduction])
[Fyt Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. Includes a small 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (looks slightly botched, as though he started to paint a 2-1/2 coil horn and then changed his mind). (Catalogue of the Dutch and Flemish Still Life Pictures Bequeathed by Daisy Linda Ward. Ashmolean Museum. Oxford 1950. no. 27)
[Fyt Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Amsterdam art market (1900). Includes two (?) curved horn horns. (Sale, Muller, Amsterdam, 6-9.XI.1900)
[Fyt Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life with Dogs. Brussels art market (1926). Includes a rather large, shallow, curved horn. (d'Arenberg sale, Giroux, Brussels, 15.XI.1926 [fair reproduction])
[Fyt Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Brussels art market (1962). Includes a rather small 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (sale, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, 22-24.V.62)
[Fyt Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life. Berlin art market (1917). Includes a rather small 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (Kauen sale, Lepke, Berlin, 22.III.1917)
[C N Gysbrechts Pa] Gysbrechts, Cornelis Norbertus (op. ca. 1659-1672). Trompe l'oeil Still Life. Copenhagen SmfK, Inv. 3065. Includes a very prominent 2-1/2 circle coiled horn (funnel mouthpiece) and a tiny curved horn. (B. Gundestrup. Det kongelige dansk Kunst Kammer 1737. n. p. 1991. vol. 2, p. 425 [fair reproduction])
[C N Gysbrechts Pa] _______. Trompe l'oeil Still Life (1664). Ghent MSK, inv. W-1914. Includes a partly visible, tiny 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (posthorn?) and a pochette with its bow. (Leppert Theme. no. 254, pl. CXII)
[C N Gysbrechts Pa] _______. Hunting Still Life (1671). Ixelles MBA, J. B. Willems Coll. cat. 193. Includes a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (the funnel mouthpiece is quite clearly visible). (Leppert Theme. no. 253, pl. CXIII)
[Hoecke-Vos Pa] Hoecke, Jan van den (1611-1651) and Paul de Vos (ca. 1596-1678). Amor vincitore. Brussels art market (1929). Depicts Amor with an allegorical still life. Musical instruments include a curved horn and a horn which seems a random snarl of curves, as well as a pochette, a harp, a theorbo-lute, a flute and a recorder. (Leppert Theme. no. 290, not illus; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 325, as ex collection R. Chasles; sold Brussels, 16.XII.1929, no. 38, as by Jan Fyt and Abraham Bosschaert)
[J I van Kessel Pa] Kessel, Jan I van (1626-1679), attr. Amor docet musicam. private collection. Among the many musical instruments there are two curved horns and a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn. (Leppert Theme no. 388, not illus., as ca. 1650; Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1966, p. 171 [poor reproduction]; van Dijck-Koopman 1987 no. 171 [miserable reproduction])
Fairs/Festivals: [BI The Hague 1632] Anon. after Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne (1589-1662). Toy Stall, from Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den ouden en de nieuwen tijd. The Hague 1632. engraving. Among the toys for sale are one or two 2-1/2 circle coiled horns and many toy drums. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 29 [not exhibited])
Hunts and Hunters: See also Mythology, Adonis; Mythology, Calydonian Boar, Hunt of the; Mythology, Diana; Portraits; Still Life.
[BI Brussels 1659] Anon. "Castrum Trium Fontium vulgo drij borren," from Antonius Sanderus Chorio-graphia sacra Brabantiae. Brussels 1659. XXI, p. 22. engraving. A view of the Château de Trois Fontaines in Auderghem. Hunters pass by, pursuing a stag. One of them blows a curved horn. (see also 17th-18th century section). (A. G. G. Wauters. Histoire des environs de Bruxelles, IX-A. Brussels 1973. p. 220)
[BI Brussels 1659] Anon. "Castrvm Fvrae Ducis vulgo TerVueren," from Antonius Sanderus, Chorio-graphia sacra Brabantiae. Brussels 1659. XXI, pp. 11-12. A bird's-eye view of the Château de Tervuren. There is a hunt in the background (tiny detail) with one or two hunters with curved horns. There is also a trumpeter in a boat in the moat. (A. G. G. Wauters. Histoire des environs de Bruxelles, IX-B. Brussels 1973. pp. 300-301)
[TA Hohenbrunn] Flemish, 17th century. Hunt. Hohenbrunn (OÖ), Jagdmuseum. tapestry. Includes a hunter with a curved horn. (Salmen Katalog. p. 76)
[Ta Stockholm NM] Netherlands, ca. 1630. Boar Hunt. Stockholm NM? tapestry. Includes a hunter with a lance and a little, very curvy horn hanging from a strap. (Göbel I/2, pl. 479, text I/1 pp. 210-211, as Swedish state property, with reference to J. Böttiger. Svenska Statens Samling af väfda Tapeter. Stockholm 1895-96)
[Ta Vienna KH] Flemish (Brussels, atelier of Daniel Eggermans II), ca. 1660. A Huntsman and his Pack. Wien KH? tapestry. Includes a hunter blowing a curved horn. Cf. Jacob Jordaens, A Huntsman and his Pack (Lille MBA). (Göbel I/2, no. 332, as Oesterreichische Staatssammlung; Brüchle and Janetzky, p. 29 [after Göbel?])
[Fyt Pa] Fyt, Jan (1611-1661). Hunting Still Life with a Hunter and his Dogs. Frankfurt art market (1937). Includes a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn hanging on a tree (clear illustration). (sale, Hahn, Frankfurt a. M., 3-4.VI.1937 [tiny reproduction])
[Fyt Pa] _______. A Gentleman with a Falcon on his Wrist and a Huntsman with their Dogs. London art market (1964?). Includes a 2-1/2 circle coiled horn hanging on a tree. (sale, Christie's, 20.III.1964 [fair reproduction])
[Fyt Pa] _______. A Hunter and his Dogs. Cologne art market (1884). He holds a huge, shallow, curved horn. (Hohengeroldsegg sale, Cologne, 1884)
[Fyt Pa] Fyt, Jan (1611-1661), attr. Hunting Scene with Hunting Still Life. Cologne art market (1937). Includes a hunter blowing a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (Hauth sale, Lempertz, Cologne, 4.V.37 [poor reproduction]; sale Heberle, Cologne, May 1897, as by Adriaen de Gryeff)
[van der Meulen-Bonnart Pr] R. F. (i.e. Robert) Bonnart (1652-1729) after Adam Frans van der Meulen (1632-1690). "Le Roy [Louis XIV] a la Chasse du Cerf, avec les Dames." engraving. Includes a central, mounted figure blowing a compact coiled horn. (Hirth no. 2616-17)
[D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David II. Landscape with Hunters and Dogs. Glasgow, The Art Gallery and Museum. Includes dog handlers blowing a smallish 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (played with the bell straight up) and a rather long curved horn. (1961 catalog: Dutch and Flemish ... Paintings. no. 97, vol. 2, p. 26 [fair reproduction])
[D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David II (1610-1690), attr. Hunting Party. Antwerp KMSK, no. 764. Includes a hunter on a little hill blowing a 2-1/2 (?) circle coiled horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 656, pll. CXIX, CXX [detail]; Dufourcq Musique. vol. I, p. 223 [detail]; C. Sartori, ed. Ricordi Enciclopedia della Musica. Milan 1963-64. vol.I, tav. 277 [detail])
[Wolfaerts Pa] Wolfaerts, Jan Baptist (1625-1687?). Hunters Pausing during the Hunt. Antwerp, Museum Plantin-Moretus. Includes a very prominent hunter with a curved horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 769, pl. CXVI)
Pastorales: See also Mythology, Satyrs/Fauns.
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees: [Casteel Pa] Casteel, Alexander I (op. 1658/9-a.1681/2), attr. Ommegang at Antwerp on the Meir. ex Antwerp KMSK (1921 cat. 647). Includes, among many musical ensembles, three "Tritons" blowing shell horns. (Leppert Theme. pl. L [virtually useless reproduction])
Village/Rustic Scenes: [D II Teniers Pa] Teniers, David II (1610-1690). Village Landscape with Pigs and Cows. private collection. Includes a herdsman with a fingered horn. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. III, no. 451 [ok reproduction])
Parties/Music Parties: [S de Vos Pa] Vos, Simon de (1603-1676). Music Party. ex -Berlin, Staatliche Museen, no. 2007 (destroyed). Cavaliers and ladies sing and play the lute. In a pile on the floor there is a violin, a flute, a horn horn, and music books. There may be more musical objects. (Bernt pl. 1338 [fair reproduction])
Putti: See also Mythology, Other.
Triumph of David: [Claude Dr] Claude Lorraine (Gelée) (1600-1682). Landscape with the Triumph of David. Cambridge MA, The Harvard University Art Museums. drawing. The Welcoming Women play tambourine and clappers (?). Two boys play looped trumpets. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 [March 1994] La chronique des arts no. 1502, p. 53)
Jericho: [Chauveau Pr] Chauveau, François (1613-1676). The Fall of Jericho. engraving. Includes seven players of various curvy brass instruments, one of them looped, several cornu-like, some with rusticated or animal-head bells (a big, open-hooped horn). (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol I, fig. 77)
Other: [Ms private collection] S. France, 17th century. Scroll of Esther. private collection. scroll, illuminated in sepia. Includes a little Purim procession led by a drummer and followed by a player of a curved horn, four gamboling figures in between. (C. Roth. Jewish Art ... Greenwich CT 2/1971. no. 194)
Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
Bacchanals: See also Allegory, Seasons.
[La Fosse Pa] La Fosse, Charles de (1636-1716). Triumph of Bacchus (1700). Paris, Louvre (ex Chateau de Meudon). One of the bacchants blows an undulating, looped horn or trumpet. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 64 [1064] 109 [useless reproduction])
Diana: See also Allegory, Times of Day/Days of Week.
[La Fosse Pa] La Fosse, Charles de (1636-1716), attr. Diana Resting. Toronto, National Art Gallery. There are perhaps two (?) curved horns lying on the ground. (Burlington 97 [1955] February ad p. xiv [poor reproduction] [also March p.xx]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 64 [1964] 104 [utterly useless reproduction])
[La Hyre Pa] La Hyre, Laurent de (1606-1656). Diana and her Attendants Resting after the Hunt. London art market (1972) (ex Coll. Sir Everard Radcliffe, Rudding Park, Yorkshire). One of her attendants has a deeply curved horn hanging from a strap. (Burlington 114 [1972] 871; 116 [1974] June ad p. clxv; Connoisseur 181 [1972] unpaged November ad)
[La Hyre Pa] _______, attr. The Hunt of Diana: The Gralloch. private collection. Four nymphs with horns: two 2-1/2 circle, two more fanciful. (Burlington 114 [1972] 871)
[Le Brun-Audran Pr] Gérard Audran (1640-1703) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). The Assembly of the Gods (1681). engraving. An unexecuted project for the great rotunda of the Château de Vaux. A child attendant of Diana has a coiled horn across its chest. Apollo holds a lyre and a bacchante plays cymbals. unimp. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 33)
Tritons: [Sc Paris Louvre] French? mid-17th century. Triton seated on a Turtle. Paris Louvre, Département des Objects d'Art. bronze figure. He plays a ribbed, shell horn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 (March 1994) La chronique des arts no. 1502, p. 10)
[Le Pautre Pr] Le Pautre, Jean (1618-1682). "Vue de la face extérieure de la Grotte de Versailles (1673)." engraving. On the facade (by Jean Goujon [ca.1510-1565]), in low relief, a Triton blows a reverse-curve horn. In another relief a Triton blows a shell horn (?) and women play a tambourine and a reverse-curve horn. There are also at least two putti riding dolphins and blowing reverse-curve horns. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 117 [1991] 2; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 47 [1984] 446)
[Tuby Sc] Tuby, Jean-Baptiste (1635-1700). The Chariot of Apollo (1668-1670). Versailles, Gardens, Pool of the Chariot of Apollo. sculpture. Tritons blow shell horns. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 112 [1988] 17, 120) A view of the fountain (with part of the water emerging from the Tritons' horns) was engraved by Adam Perelle (1640-1695). (The Dictionary of Art. New York 1996. vol. 11, p. 344 [poor reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 119 [1992] April cover [detail] and p. 153)
Other: See also Decorative Elements (Acis and Galatea).
[Boullogne Pa] Boullogne, Bon (de) (1649-1717). The Birth of Jupiter. Cholet, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire. Women play shawm, cymbals, tambourine and triangle. A man seems to play a reverse-curve horn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 124 [1994] 260 [small reproduction])
See also Allegory, Triumph/Victory (Alexander the Great).
[Le Brun Pa] Le Brun, Charles (1619-1690) and assistants. Cyrus Hunting a Boar (1669-1678). Versailles, Château, Salon de Diane, ceiling. Includes a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn on the ground in the foreground which belongs to a fallen hunter. Part of a Seven Planets series (each Planet gets a salon). (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 112 [1988] 127 [poor reproduction])
Elements: [Ta Paris Mobilier] French (Gobelins) (Cartoon by Charles Le Brun). Air, from a Four Elements series?. Paris, Mobilier National. tapestry. The border trophies include many wind instruments, including various hunting horns (curved, 2-1/2 circle rather tightly coiled, 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled). The same border is used for Spring, presumably from a Four Seasons series. (Spring is the companion Season to the Element Air.) (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, pl. XVIII, fig. 32) There is another (?) reproduced in Göbel, II/2, pl. 78, with location Munich art market (L. Bernheimer).
[Le Brun-Krauss Pr] Johanna Sybilla Krauss (i.e. Johanna Sibilla Küsel) (ca.1650-1717), after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). The Four Elements: Air, from Johann Ulrich Krauss, Tapisseries du Roy ... Augsburg 1619. engraving. There are many types of hunting horns among the numerous wind instruments in the border trophies. (exh Münster, Baden Baden: 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 90c, in a reproduction engraving by Sebastien Le Clerc [which is not identical with the Krauss/Küsel]) The same border also appears for Spring (Fenaille vol. II, p. 68). The horns in the Le Clerc engraving (clockwise from the right of the cartouche at the top) are one which is basically a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn with two interlocking smaller loops in the center of the coil (cup mouthpiece); one with coils of various sizes and a rusticated and sideways-twisted bell; a wide-bore, rather tightly coiled 3-1/2 (?) circle horn (seems a bit of a botch); a sharply curved horn; a 3-1/2 (?) circle tightly coiled horn with the bell sprung away from the coils and a mouthpipe which seems to have two Setzstücke (I'm not absolutely sure just what goes with what in this engraving); an irregularly curved, almost circular horn; a large, undulating horn; a wide-bore, perhaps 2-1/2 circle coiled horn; a partly visible 3-1/2 (?) circle, rather tightly coiled horn; a nearly circular, oval curved horn; a 3-1/2 circle (?) rather tightly coiled horn and a nearly circluar curved horn. Judging from the curved horns I would consider all of these depictions suspect. The Krauss engraving is the reverse of this.
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: See also Decorative Elements.
Modes: [Bosse Dr] Bosse, Abraham (1602-1676). "Mode Dorien," from La Rhétorique des Dieux. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms 78C 12. drawing. Includes, among many unplayed musical instruments, two large curved horns of unequal size with fingerholes. The holes of the larger horn are accompanied by projections similar to the kerata of the ancient Greek aulos. It also has a very large horn with finger holes, looped at the distal end, which is far more suggestive of a serpent than the true serpent. (D. J. Buch. "The coordination of text, illustration and music in a seventeenth-century lute manuscript: La Rhétorique des Dieux." Imago musicae 6 [1989] 39-81, this reproduced p. 62, as ca.1652. Opines that the lady playing the organ represents St. Cecilia.; A. Tessier. La Rhétorique des Dieux et autre pièces de luth de Denis Gaultier. Paris 1931-32. [Publications de la Société Française de Musicologie, ser. 1, vols. 6-7] pl. 11)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Sous Dorien." Includes, among the unplayed instruments, a huge reverse-curve horn with finger holes (sort of a serpent). (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 62; Tessier pl. 15)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Mode Phrygien." Includes a winged child/amoretto blowing a cornu with an animal-head bell. (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 64; Tessier pl. 25)
[Bosse Dr] _______. "Sovs Ionien." Includes a winged child/amoretto blowing a huge reverse-curve horn (sort of a serpent) with finger holes (duetting with a shawm). (Imago musicae 6 [1989] 71; Tessier pl. 77)
Triumph/Victory: See also Mythology, Bacchanals.
[Ta Kiel Schleswig-Holsteinisches LM] French (Aubusson), ca. 1670. A Triumph. Kiel, Schleswig-Holsteinisches LM (ex Thalow Museum). tapestry. Includes a figure blowing an undulating horn (others play lyre and flute and yet another holds a wind instrument). unimp. (Göbel II/2, no. 266)
[Ta Paris Gobelins] French (Manufacture Royale/Gobelins) (Cartoon by Charles Le Brun). The Triumph of Alexander (his Entry into Babylon). Paris, Musée des Gobelins. tapestry. Figures include players of partly visible pommers and fanciful brass, at least one of which seems to be some sort of horn. very unimp. (J. Niclausse. Le Musée des Gobelins. Paris 1938. cat. no. 52, pl. XX, as ca. 1680)
Other: See also Decorative Elements; Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.
[Dieu Dr] Dieu, Jean de (Jean de Saint Jean) (ca. 1625-p.1709). Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. drawing. There is a crudely depicted, looped/1-1/2 circle horn among the hunting props, hanging from a tree. (Pantheon 1 [1928] 480 [ok reproduction])
[Lemaire Pa] Lemaire, François (1620-1688). Still Life with Dead Duck, Cocks, and Symbols of the Hunt. London art market (1967). Includes a curved horn horn. (sale, Christie's, 16.VI.67, lot. 57 [fine reproduction])
[Le Motte Pa] Le Motte, Jean-François de (17th century?). Vanitas trompe l'oeil Still Life. Dijon, Musée Municipal. Includes a tiny, irregularly coiled posthorn in the mouth of a skull, and beneath them a proclamation beginning "A Tous ... " (no more legible). (exh Münster, Baden Baden: 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 241, p. 467 [fine reproduction], with reference to 1978 Bordeaux catalog; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 95; Revue du Louvre 10 [1960] 117)
See also Allegory, Elements.
[Ne New York Metropolitan] French, 17th century. Panel Glorifying Louis XIVI. New York, Metropolitain Museum of Art. needlework panel. Includes two small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horns and a curved horn among the several musical instruments (musettes, oboe, recorder, straight trumpets) in the border. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 113 [1989] 96)
[BI Paris 1689] N? Bercy (17 cent) after Jean Dolivar (1641-1692?). Frontispiece for Marin Marais, Basses continües des pieces ... Paris 1689. engraving. Includes a musical trophy of many (too many) musical instruments which may include one or two curved horns. very unimp. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 101)
[Ta Paris Mobilier] French (Paris) (cartoon by Charles Le Brun). Acis and Galatea. Paris Mobilier National. tapestry. Among the many musical instruments in the border trophy, there is a curved horn. unimp. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 100)
[Ta Versailles Musée] French (Savonnerie) (cartoon by Charles Le Brun). La félicité du royaume. Versailles, Musée. tapestry. The two trophies of musical instruments each include two curved horns. unimp. (Mirimonde Astrologie pl. 61 a and b; Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 99)
[Mignard-Vermeulen Pr] Cornelis Vermeulen (1642-1692) after Pierre Mignard (1610-1695). Allegory of Music. engraving. Among the many musical instruments there is a trophy of curved horn, oboe, panpipes and straight trumpet. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, no. 19; van Dijck-Koopman 1987, no. 122; Musique-Images-Instruments 2 [1996] 98 [ok reproduction])
Hunts and Hunters: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures, Other; Portraits; Still Life.
[Cochin Pr] Cochin, Nicolas (the Elder) (1619-ca.1686). La chasse Royale/The Royal Hunt. engraving. Includes two figures with curved horns. unimp. (Schwerdt vol. III, pl. 180 [ok reproduction])
Angels: [Le Brun-Loir Pr] Alexis Loir (1640-1713) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). The Fall of the Rebellious Angels (II Peter 2, 4; Jude 6). engraving. Study for the Chapel at the Château de Versailles. Angels (not rebellious) blow reverse-curve horn and straight trumpet. The horn-blowing angel is not unreminiscent of the horn-blowing devil at the left in Andrea Mantegna's Christ in Limbo. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 66 [1965] 34)
Costume/Character Series: [N Bonnart Pr] Bonnart, Nicolas (ca. 1636-1718). "Gentilhomme sonnant du cor." engraving (costume series). The gentleman blows a 1-1/2 circle coiled horn. (Brüchle and Janetzky 1976, p. 121)
Putti: See also Mythology, Tritons.
[Le Brun-Massé Pr] Engraved by Charles Macé (Massé) (?) after Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). The King alone reigns/Le Roi gouverne par lui-même, detail of the ceiling of The Hall of Mirrors/La Galerie des Glaces, Château de Versailles (1661). engraving. Putti below the throne, à la sacra conversazione, have a small, 1-1/2 circle horn (not played -- hung from a strap), a lute (left) and a tambourine (right). (R. W. Berger. Versailles, the Château of Louis XIV. University Park PA 1985. fig. 94 [whole], 95 [detail -- figures actually smaller than in the illustration for the whole]; P. Pradel. L'art au siècle de Louis XIV. Lausanne 1949. pl. 65)
David Dancing Before the Ark/The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. Included in the retinue of David are players of an undulating horn with an animal head bell; an undulating, looped horn with a rusticated bell; and other partly visible horns and/or trumpets. There are also musicians playing lute, lyre, kettledrums and tambourine. David plays a harp. (Meinhold p. 113)
Triumph of David: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). The Entry of David with the Head of Goliath, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. Two military figures blow cornui with rusticated bells. There is also visible a portion of a sharply curved horn. (The Daughters of Jerusalem play pipe and tabor, tambourine and triangle.) (Meinhold p. 107)
Gideon: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Gideon's Battle with the Midianites, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. Includes many figures playing curved horns. (Meinhold p. 87)
Jephthah: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). The Return of Jephthah, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. One of the women in the retinue of the Daughter of Jephthah blows a sharply curved (almost 1-1/4 circle) horn. The Daughter plays nakers, and two other women play harp and a stringed instrument, perhaps a lute. Behind them there are the bells of four straight trumpets. (Meinhold p.89)
Jericho: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). The Fall of Jericho, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. Includes figures playing five curved horns and three cornui. (Meinhold p. 81)
Other: [BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). The Death of Jezebel, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. As Jehu's troops look on, encouraged by a kettledrummer and two men blowing sharply curved horns (almost 1-1/4 circle) with rusticated bells, the eunuchs pitch Jezebel over the balcony. (Meinhold p. 139)
IV Regum 9, 29-33: Anno undecimo Ioram filii Achab, regnavit Ochozias super Iudam, venitque Iehu in Iezrahel. Porro Iezabel, introitu eius audito, depinxit oculos suos stibio, et ornavit caput suum, et respexit per fenestram ingredientem Iehu per portam, et ait: Numquid pax potest esse Zambri, qui interfecit dominum suum? Levavitque Iehu faciem suam ad fenestram, et ait: Quae est ista? et inclinaverunt se ad eum duo vel tres eunuchi. At ille dixit eis: Praecipitate eam deorsum: et praecipitaverunt eam, aspersusque est sanguine paries, et equorum ungulae conculcaverunt eam.
II Kings 9, 30-33: And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window. And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master? And he lifted up his face to the window, and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs. And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down and some of the blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.
[BI Strasbourg 1630] _______. The Death of Goliath, from the "Merian Bible." Strasbourg, Lazarus Zetzner, 1630. etching. Includes a mounted figure blowing a large, reverse-curve horn. (Meinhold p. p. 106)
Nativity: [Wsc private collection] Austrian, 17th century? Shepherd, from a Krippe. private collection. wood. He has a short alphorn. (Salmen Katalog. p. 134)
St. Cornelius: [Wsc Immendorf] German, 17th century? St. Cornelius. Immendorf, Kath. Pfarrkirche, pulpit (fragment). polychromed wood relief panel. The Saint holds a curved horn. (H. Firmenich. Gemeinde Rodenkirchen. Neuss 1962. [Rheinische Kunststätten] p. 22)
Bacchanals: [Bottschild Pr] Bottschild, Samuel (1641-1706). Bacchanal. etching. Includes bacchantes playing cymbals and triangle and satyrs playing panpipes and spiral, ribbed (shell?) horn. (R. Lamb and E. G. Mittelberger. In Celebration of Wine and Life. New York 1974. p. 62 [ok reproduction])
[Weinet Iv] Weinet (Weinold), Johann Baptist (op. 1628-m.1648). Procession of the Drunken Silenus. Skoklosters Slott (Sweden). ivory Deckelhumpen. Includes a figure with a reverse-curve, looped horn. (exh Augsburg, Rathaus and Holbeinhaus, 1968: Augsburger Barock. cat. no. 549, fig. 37)
Diana: [Master BG Iv] Monogrammist BG (op. a. 1662-p.1680). Mythological Scenes. Vienna KH cat. 37. ivory Deckelhumpen. Artemis (a draped, semi-nude woman with torch and dogs, pursuing an angel absconding with a child) has a deeply curved horn. (Aachener Kunstblätter 44 [1973] 273)
[J Werner Dr] Werner, Joseph, the Younger (1637-1710). Diana. Berlin SMPK, KsK. drawing. Among her attributes, there is a 2-1/2 or 3-1/2 circle coiled horn. The mouthpipe is unusually long and parallel to the bell section. (exh Augsburg, Rathaus and Holbeinhaus, 1968: Augsburger Barock. cat. no. 405, fig. 186)
Satyrs and Fauns: See also Bacchanals.
[BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. A satyr blows a curved horn and another plays panpipes as they accompany a group of bearded, dancing men. Another of the bearded men blows a looped horn. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
Tritons: [BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. Includes Neptune surrounded by sea creatures blowing curved horns. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
Dance of Death: [BI Nuremberg 1648] Strauch, Georg (1613-1675)?. "Toden Tantz zu finden bey Paulus Fürst Kunst-händlein," from Johann Vogel, Icones mortis LX imaginibus illustratae. Nuremberg 1648. engraving. There are an unplayed reverse-curve horn and a kettle drum. Skeletons play fiddle or guitar (?), bagpipe and shawm. (D. Briesemeister. Bilder des Todes. Unterscheidheim 1970. Abb. 34)
Fame: [BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. Fame on a pedestal, foreground, plays a long, looped, reverse-curve horn and holds a straight trumpet. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
Times of Day/Days of Week: [Wsc Torun] Anon. "Vesper," presumably from a Times of Day series. Torun, Muzeum Okregowe? carved wooden door. The personification (Diana?) has a spear and at least one dog and (almost) blows a curved horn. (J. Banach. Die Musik in den bildenden Künsten Polens. Cracow 1957. fig. 34 [ok reproduction], with location as Pommersches Museum.)
War and Peace: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoors, Postriders.
Other: [En Stein am Rhein Rathaus] Anon, 17th century? The Arms of Schmid von Schwarzenhorn. Stein am Rhein, Rathaus. enamel insert in a Deckelpokal. Includes an allegorical female figure blowing a curved horn. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 39: Kanton Schaffhausen II. Basel 1958. p. 197)
See also Allegory, Other.
[Ms Fribourg Archives d'État] Anon., 17th century. Wappenrock of Louis de Chalon, from the Freiburger Fahnenbuch (1646-48). Fribourg, Archives d'État, fol. 34r. manuscript drawing. There are curved horns all over it. (exh Bern, 1969: Die Burgunderbeute und Werke burgundischer Hofkunst. cat. no. 61j (front), fig. 82; cat. no. 61j (back), fig. 83)
[BI Strasbourg 1651] Anon. Title page of Philipp Friedrich Böddecker, Sacra partitura. Strasbourg, H. Mittelius, 1651. engraving. Includes a curved hunting horn, with strap, on top of a crown. (MGG XV, Taf. 31)
[Gl St Gallen Historisches Museum] Anon, 1648. Allianzwappenscheibe of Christof Schlapritzi and Margut Schlumpf. St. Gallen, Historisches Museum. stained glass. The arms of Schlumpf includes three shallow, curved horns. (J. Egli. Die Glasgemälde des Historischen Museums in St Gallen, I. St. Gallen 1925. opp. p. 60)
[Petel Sc] Petel, Georg. Arms of Otto Heinrich Fugger, Graf zu Weissenhorn (1592-1635) (1628 i.e. 1630). Schloss Kirchheim a.d. Mindel. sculpture. Includes three curved horns. (exh Augsburg, Rathaus and Holbeinhaus, 1968: Augsburger Barock. cat. no. 86, fig. 27)
See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
[Cordua Pa] Cordua, Johan de (b. ca. 1630). Vanitas Still Life with two Rembrandt Portraits. private collection. Includes a 1-1/2 circle coiled posthorn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 87 [1976] 68, as ca. 1670)
[F de Hamilton Pa] Hamilton, Franz de (op. 1661-p. 1695). Hunting Still Life. Berlin, Staatl. Schlösser und Gärten, Schloss Charlottenburg. A trompe l'oeil of objects hanging on a wall, including a looped, 1-1/2 circle horn with a very small, funnel mouthpiece. Probably intended for the decoration of a hunting lodge (Jagdschloss). (exh Münster, Baden Baden: 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 136, p. 252 [fine reproduction]) Formerly in Schloss Grünewald.
[Hollar Pr] Hollar, Wenzel (1607-1677). A Sheet of Studies of Hunting Horns. etching. At the left there are a 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, the mouthpipe emerging from the center of the coil, with a funnel mouthpiece; and a curved horn (?) horn which seems to have no separate mouthpiece. At the right there are a similar but smaller 5-1/2 coiled horn; a deeply curved horn (?) horn which seems to have no separate mouthpiece; and a larger, metal horn with three metal bands and perhaps a shallow, cup mouthpiece, with three rings for a strap which is also depicted. (Brüchle and Janetzky. p. 52 [ok reproduction]) The horns resemble instruments in Jan I Brueghel's (figure staffage by another hand) Landscape with [Diana's] Nymphs and Dead Game (Munich AP) and Hendrik van Balen's [Diana's] Nymphs Fishing (Coll. von Schönborn-Wiesentheid, Pommersfelden). (See separate entries in the 16th-17th century Felmish section.)
[Marellus Pa] Marellus, Jacobus (1614-1681). Hunting Still Life. Solingen art market (1983). Includes a looped, 1-1/2 circle shallow curved horn. (exh Münster, Baden Baden, 1979-80: Stilleben in Europa. no. 138, p. 256 [ok reproduction]; Die Weltkunst 53 [1983] 853) Stilleben text (p. 558) suggests Vanitas meaning in the ruined stone and the fly on the breast of the dove.
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1643] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). "Arcadia," illustration for Philip Sidney's Arcadia Books 1-6. Frankfurt am Main, M. Merian, 1643. etching. At the bottom of the page and emblem ("Pietas contenta lucratur"), flanked by trophies of pastoral and hunting objects, there is a partly visible curved horn. (The figure above them is Diana.) (Wüthrich no. 644a, p. 117)
Hunts and Hunters: See also Still Life.
[BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. Includes a hunt with a hunter blowing a curved horn. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
[Pr Anon.] Anon. Portrait of Franz Anton, Count Sporck, at the age of 73 (ca.1735). engraving. With a view in the background of his country estate at Lissa, with a group of hunters, including at least one playing a coiled horn. (H. Fitzpatrick. The Horn and Horn-Playing ... New York 1970. frontispiece)
[Jacobsz Pa] Jacobsz (Jacobsen), Juriaen (1625/6-1685). Bear Hunt. Berlin art market (1918, 1925). Includes a hunter with a curved horn. Dramatic. (Meurer Sale, Lepke, Berlin, 26.II.1918 [catalog illustration fair]; Wesendonck Sale, Lepke, Berlin, 27.X.1925 [catalog illustration poor])
[Küssel Pa] Küssel, Matthäus (1621-1682). Fox and Hare Hunt in Honor of Emperor Leopold I, 1658. engraving/etching. The nobility stand around in an enclosure while dogs devour animals that look rather like woodchucks. Two men blow looped horns. (Hirth no. 2631; W. Flemming. Deutsche Kultur im Zeitalter des Barock. Potsdam 1937. p. 214)
Pastorales: [Umbach Pr] Umbach, Jonas (1624-1700). Shepherd Playing an Alphorn. etching. The alphorn is a small one. (Brüchle and Janetzky 1976. p. 235; A. Ott. Tausend Jahre Musikleben, 800-1800. Munich 1963. no. 47) Note also an etching by Elias Nessenthaler (ca.1664-1714) after this. (Hollstein [German] XXX, no. 37, p. 42)
Postriders: [Pr Anon.] Anon. "Neuer auss Münster vom 25. dess Weinmonats im Jahr 1648 abgefertigter Freud- und Friedenbringender Postreuter." single-leaf woodcut. The postrider, announcing the Peace of Münster, ending the Thirty-Years' War, blows a tiny 1-1/2 circle coiled posthorn. (Fame blows a straight trumpet.) (Alexander. vol. II, no. 1648, p. 782 [fine reproduction, there is also a splendid detail on the cover], as "A variation of the woodcut issued by Marx Anton Hannas during the same year"; Hiller Posthorn. p. 11 [fine reproduction]) See also the Anon. woodcut, below (Alexander no. 1674).
[Pr Anon.] Anon. "Gewisse Erzehlung von dem Sieghafften Treffen ... 1674 ... zwischen Rivelle and Fontain ..." single-leaf woodcut. The postrider, announcing the victory of Imperial troops over the French under the Prince of Condé, 12 August 1674, blows a 1-1/2 circle coiled posthorn. (Fame blows a straight trumpet.) (Alexander. vol. II, no. 1674, p. 789) A copy of Alexander no. 1648 (listed above), which is in turn related to the woodcut by Marx Anton Hannas (listed below).
[Pr Anon.] Anon. Greeting in Celebration of the Coronation of Emperor Ferdinand III, 1637. single-leaf woodcut. A rebus, including a postrider blowing a curved horn. (Alexander. vol. II, no. 1637, p. 780)
[Hannas Pr] Hannas, Marx Anton (doc. 1610-1676). "Freudenreicher Postilion von Münster ..." single-leaf woodcut. A mounted post rider, blowing a 1-1/2 circle posthorn, announces the end of the Thirty-Year's War, 1648. (There is also an angel blowing one straight trumpet and holding another.) (Alexander. vol. I, no. 48, p. 246) See also the Anon. woodcuts (Alexander nos. 1648, 1674), above.
[Lindnitz Pr] Lindnitz, Jacob (ca.1618-1676). View of Breslau with a Postrider. etching. The postrider blows a tiny, 1-1/2 circle posthorn. (Hollstein [German] XXII, no. 2, p. 124)
[Schultes Pr] Schultes, Matthaeus (op. Ulm, ca.16601680) (publisher). Die verwandelte Kriegs-Last in höchst-erwünschte Friedens-Luft. single-leaf woodcut. Celebrates the Peace of Nijmwegen (1678-79). A postrider charges past a town, blowing a 1-1/2 circle (?, not clearly depicted) posthorn. (Alexander. vol. II, no. 1, p. 576. Notes [p. 575] that the woodcut was designed by one H. Raidel, about whom no more is known.)
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrées: [CI Munich 1662] Melchior I Küsel (1626-ca.1683) after Kaspar I Amort (1612-1675) or Francesco Santurini (1627-1682). The Third Contest of the Tournament: Ippolyte, Prince of Athens, from Churfürstlich Bayerisches Frewden-Fest ... etching. Part of the festivities celebrating the baptism of Maximilian Emanuel von Wittelsbach, Munich, 21 September - 1 October 1662. Two of the figures sit astride bears (real ones). One blows a looped horn with a rusticated bell, the other blows a curved horn or trumpet with a rusticated bell. (Hippolytus was famous as a hunter.) (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 144)
[CI Vienna 1666] Anon. "Comparsa dei Cavalieri ..."/Court Festival in Vienna in Honor of the Wedding of Emperor Leopold I and Margaret Theresa, daughter of Philip IV of Spain, Vienna 1666. engraving. In a procession there are many figures on foot with curved horns (and mounted figures playing four trumpets and kettledrums). (W. Flemming. Deutsche Kultur im Zeitalter des Barock. Potsdam 1937. p. 124 [poor reproduction])
Village/Rustic Scenes: [Fisch Dr] Fisch, Hans Ulrich (1613-1686). Design with Peasant Scenes. Zürich SLM. drawing. Two of the scenes include a herdsman blowing an alphorn. In one of them he plays while another milks a cow. (P. Boesch. Die schweizer Glasmalerei. Basel 1955. p. 173)
Angels: [organ Haderslev Marienkirche] Peter Carstensen (builder) and Hans Closter (prospect). Organ prospect (contract 1652). Haderslev (Hadersleben) (Holstein), Marienkirche. At least one angel seems to play a coiled horn. (W. Güttel. Die Marienkirche in Hadersleben. Neumünster in Holstein 1935. p. 57)
[BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. In the group of angels above, at least one seems to blow a curved horn. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
[Kilian Pr] Kilian, Wolfgang (1581-1662). Thesis title-page: Ens Mobile simplex coeleste & elementare disputatione motum. (Salzburg 1648). engraving. An angel blowing a curved horn or trumpet and holding a laurel wreath stands atop a globe held up by Atlas and two students. (Hollstein [German] XVIII, no. 399, p. 184)
Putti: [organ Steinen Pfarrkirche] Anon, 1664. Putti. Steinen, Pfarrkirche. wood organ figures. Two of them play wide-hooped coiled horns. (Unsere Kunstdenkmäler 24 [1973] cover [fine color reproduction])
[Franck Dr] Franck, Hans Ulrich (1603-1680). Three Musical Putti/"In ipsius memoriam." Augsburg, Städtische Kunstsammlung. drawing. The putti play a large, sharply curving horn, bagpipe and flute. unimp. (exh Augsburg, Rathaus and Holbeinhaus, 1968: Augsburger Barock. cat. no. 211, fig. 152)
Other: [BI Kempten 1673] Anon. Frontispiece of Athanasius Kircher, Phonurgia nova. Kempten 1673. A bearded figure blows a looped horn. (MGG VIII, Taf. 37)
[BI Nuremberg 1644] Anon. "Spielrede," from G. P. Harsdoerffer. Frauenzimmer-Gesprechsspiele, vol. IV. Nuremberg 1644. p.(?) 450. engraving. Depicts a large number of musical instruments hanging on pillars, including a curved horn. very unimp. (very crude depictions) (M. Bröcker. Die Drehleier, Ihr Bau und ihre Geschichte. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1977. fig. 184)
[Pr Anon.] Anon. "Das Anno 1639 bey Tündern [Tondern] gefundene güldene Horn." engraving. An illustration of a curved, gold horn found in Tondern in 1639. (Brüchle and Janetzky 1976 p. 61)
Other: [Arteaga Pa] Arteaga y Alfaro, Matias (ca. 1630-1703). Old Testament Subject. Seville, Cathedral, Archicofradia Sacramental del Sagraria. Includes all sorts of curved and coiled horns. (Vis. Coll. 376.Ar79.10[b])
Passion -- Via dolorosa: [Pa Navarrete San Juan] Anon., 17th century. Via dolorosa. Navarrete, Parroquia San Juan, retablo major. Of the seven figures, one blows a curved horn. (Catálogo monumental de España. Dioceses de Vitoria II. Madrid 1968. fig. 309)
Adonis: See also Diana.
Diana: [BI Madrid 1644] Anon. Title page of Alonso Martinez de Espinar, Arte de Ballesteria y Monteria. Madrid, Impresa Real, 1644. engraving. Flanking the title, left, is Diana. Among the hunting objects at her feet are at least one little curved horn, and perhaps a curved horn of sort of rectangular (?) outline. Flanking the title, right, is Adonis, and at his feet, a dinky little curved horn. (Schwerdt vol. II, pl. 94)
Jericho: [Giordano Pa] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). The Battle of Jericho. private collection. Two musicians before the Ark blow cornu-like instruments (held with both hands in front). (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordiano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 320, as probably 1689; exh Memphis TN, Brooks Memorial Art Gallery, 1964: Luca Giordano in America. pl. 25)
Miriam/Crossing the Red Sea: [Giordano Pa] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). The Israelites Rejoicing after the Crossing of the Red Sea. Greenville, SC., Bob Jones University. oil sketch/bozzetto. Among the several musicians, there is a female figure blowing a looped horn. Others play a woodwind instrument, pipe and string drum, tambourine and triangle. Miriam sings and beats on a single small kettledrum. (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordiano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 308. Suggests that it is a bozzetto for a canvas of 1687 for the Chiesa dell'Annunziata in Naples; exh Memphis TN, Brooks Memorial Art Gallery, 1964: Luca Giordano in America. pl. 22, with dates between 1692-1702, perhaps as a preparatory study for the large fresco in the Church of San Lorenzo, Escorial; exh. Detroit, Institute of Arts, 1965: Art in Italy, 1600-1700. no. 164, p. 147; Burlington 107 [1965] 373)
Other: [Giordano Fr] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). The Story of Moses. El Escorial, Monastery, Church of San Lorenzo. fresco. Includes a figure in the border blowing a looped, curved horn (rather like the horn in the Bracelli -- See Miscellaneous Figures, Costume/Character Series -- but shorter). (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 358)
St. Jerome: [Brandi Pa] Brandi, Giacinto (1623-1691), attr. St. Jerome. Gaeta, Monasterio della SS. Trinitá. A looped horn or trumpet is partly visible in the upper left corner of the composition. The painting is in poor condition, even after restoration. (exh. Gaeta, Palazzo De Vio, 1976: Arte a Gaeta, dipinti dal XII al XVIII secolo. no. 46, p. 111, as ca. 1660)
Other: [Giordano Pa] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). The Vision of S. Maria Egiziaca. Naples, S. Maria Egiziaca. Includes a rustic (?) with a deeply curved reverse-curve horn. (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 493 and 494 [detail], as after 1702.)
Actaeon: See also Diana.
Bacchanals: [Brandi Pa] Brandi, Giacinto (1623-1691). Bacchus and Ariadne. Rome, Palazzo Doria Pamphilij. A bacchant blows a curved horn (sharply curved at the distal end). Another holds a woodwind, and bacchantes play cymbals (two) and tambourine. (V. Golzio. Palazzi Romani ... Bologna 1971. fig. 142)
[Castiglione Pa] Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto (1616-1670). The Dance. private collection. There is an enormous looped horn or trumpet (not played). (There is also a faun with a tambourine.) unimp. (J. Magnin. Un cabinet d'amateur parisien en 1922. Collection Maurice Magnin. n.p., n.d. vol. I, no. 65, opp. p. 110)
[Galestruzzi Pr] Galestruzzi, Giovanni Battista (1618-p.1661). Silenus Reclining near a Goat. etching. A bacchant blows a large, looped, curved horn with a rusticated bell. A satyr blows a shawm (?) and there is a set of panpipes on the ground. (IB vol. 46, no. 15, p. 86)
[Leone Pa] Leone, Andrea de (17th century). Bacchanal. location unknown (ex London Museum). Includes a bacchant blowing a cornu. (Master Drawings 16 [1978] 167 [fair reproduction])
Diana: [Piola Dr] Piola, Domenico (1627-1703). Diana and Actaeon. London, British Museum, No. 1895-9-15-719. drawing. Diana has a little looped horn. (Burlington 108 [1966] 513)
Tritons (and Nereids): See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees.
[Galestruzzi Pr] Galestruzzi, Giovanni Battista (1618-p.1661). Triton with an Oar, Blowing a Horn. etching. The horn is slightly reverse curve, with spiral ribbing and a rusticated bell. There are two etchings, one with the Triton facing left, one with the Triton facing right. (IB vol. 46, nos. 21, 22, p. 90)
[Giordano Fr] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). Neptune and Thetis. Florence, Palazzo Mediceo Riccardi, Galleria. fresco. A Nereid blows a curved horn or trumpet and a Triton blows a shell horn. unimp. (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordano. Naples 1966. vol. I, color pl. VI, opp. p. 104)
Other: [Mola Pa] Mola, Pier Francesco (1612-1666). Narcissus and Echo. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. Narcissus has a little, partly visible, coiled horn hanging at his waist. (Ovid. Metamorphoses. III, 356-358: adspicit hunc trepidos agitantem in retia cervos vocalis nymphe, quae nec reticere loquenti nec prior ipsa loqui didicit, resonabilis Echo/Once as he was driving the frightened deer into his nets, a certain nymph of strange speech beheld him ...) (Arte illustrata 15/16 [March-April 1969] [vol. II] 11)
[Algardé Sc] Algardé (Algardi), Alessandro (1602-1654) and Assistants (mostly Domenico Gurdi). Pope Leo I and the Repulse of Attila. Rome, San Pietro. marble altar. Includes two heralds blowing cornui. very unimp. (Arte illustrata IV/43-44 [Sept.-Oct. 1971] 48; modello in stucco, Rome, Vallicella, p. 48; copy in wax, Dresden, p. 49) Engraved by Giuseppe Maria Mitelli (1634-1718). (IB vol. 42, no. 28-I, p. 302)
[Falcone Pa] Falcone, Aniello (1607-1656?), attr. Roman Soldiers with Cornui. Malaga, Museo. There are about eight of them. The cornui have serpent heads. (A. E. Perez Sanchez. Pintura italiana del S. XVII en España. Madrid 1965. pl. 133)
[Gargiulo Pa] Gargiulo, Domenico (1612 or 1610-1675). Triumphal Entry of Constantine into Rome. Madrid, Prado. Includes at least one figure blowing a cornu. (A. E. Perez Sanchez. Pintura italiana del S. XVII en España. Madrid 1965. pl. 136 [poor reproduction])
Justice: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
Triumph/Victory: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures.
Vanitas: [Castiglione Pa] Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto (1616-1670). Omnia vanitas. Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Gallery of Art. Includes a pile of hunting, military and scientific objects, including a small, 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (posthorn size but not posthorn context, funnel mouthpiece) and a trumpet. (exh Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1971: Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Master Draughtsman of the Italian Baroque. p. 30 [not exhibited]; Vis. Coll. 372.C278.40[a]) Engraved by J. Coelemans in Recueil d'estampies. Paris 1744. no. 32.
Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
[Pa Maléo] Anon., 17th century. Equestrian Portrait of Don Pietro Francesco dei Trecchi, Marchese di Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio e Signore di Maléo. Maléo, Castello [now Palazzo]. The Marchese is attended by a dog handler with a little 1-1/2 circle horn, about the size of a posthorn. (C. Jacini. Il viaggio del Po, II. Milan 1938. pl. LVI, after p. 262)
[Pa private collection] Anon. [17th century]. Conversation Piece with Hunters and Dogs. private collection. One of the figures has a horn (unclear, may be coiled). (Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la Storia di Milano. Storia di Milano, XI: Il declino spagnolo [1630-1706]. Milan 1958. p. 24)
See also Allegory, Vanitas.
Carnival: [Cerquozzi Pa] Cerquozzi, Michelangelo (1602-1660). Italian Carnival Bergues, Museum. Revellers (comedians?) play two tiny curved horns and kettledrums. (Vis. Coll. 372.C337.90[a])
Hunts and Hunters: See also Mythology, Other; Portraits.
[Po London V&A] Italian (Castelli), ca. 1630-50 (after Tempesta, perhaps painted by Antonio Lollo). Hunting Scene. London V & A. majolica dish. Includes a hunter with a curved horn. (1940 catalog: Italian Majolica. no. 1093, pl. 176 [tiny reproduction])
[Mitelli Pr] Mitelli, Giuseppe Maria (1634-1718). "Cacciatore," from Le venti quattr' hore dell' humana felicità. engraving. The hunter has a curved horn hanging from a strap. very unimp. (IB vol. 42, no. 22, p. 460)
Postriders: See also Other.
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures, Other.
[CI Siena 1632] Capitelli, Bernardino (1589-1639). "Carro dell'Onda," from a series of triumphal chariots for a Sienese festival, 1632. etching. The Carro is a ship surrounded by sea creatures including three Tritons or Nereids blowing "shell" horns (ribbed or spiral ribbed short horns). (IB vol. 45, no. 39, p. 48)
Other: [Tamburini Dr] Tamburini, Giovanni Maria (m.p.1660). "Historia della posta," from a series of illustrations of the trades of Bologna (?). private collection. drawing. A curved horn hangs from the post office sign. (Master Drawings 14/III [1976] pl. 35) There is an engraving after this (not entitled "Historia della posta"). (Master Drawings 14/III [1976] p. 275)
Angels: [Giordano Fr] Giordano, Luca (1632-1705). Allegory of Human Life and of the Dynasty of the Medici. Firenze, Palazzo Medici, Galleria Riccardiana. fresco. Among the figures in this enormous fresco is an angel with a (bizarre) cornu and a wreath about to crown Justice. (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 197, as probably 1682-3) Bozzetto for this (private collection). (Ibid., fig. 204)
[Giordano Pa] _______. Rubens Painting an Allegory of Peace. Madrid, Prado. An angel, part of the architectural setting, blows a looped, curved trumpet. (O. Ferrari and G. Scavizzi. Luca Giordano. Naples 1966. vol. III, fig. 62. From the 1660's?)
Costume/Character Series: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
[Bracelli Pr] Bracelli, Giovanni Battista (doc. 1624-1649). Two Musicians, from his Figure con instrumenti musicali e boscarecci. Rome ca. 1630. etching. They play a large, looped, curved horn and a straight trumpet. (M. Preaud. Bracelli, gravures. Paris 1975. p. 75)
Other: [Bianco Dr] Bianco, Baccio del (1604-1656). Four Dwarfs. Firenze, Uffizi. drawing. they play curved horn (?), violin, bell and xylophone. (Vis. Coll. 372d.B47223.90[a])