Status of December 2003.
PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
The horns in this iconography have been chosen on the basis of shape. Unlike trumpets, which are principally cylindrical of bore and straight of tube, horns are basically conical and curved. The instruments included here may be of conical bore with either straight or curved tubing, or of circular or looped tubing with either conical or cylindrical bore. A number of them, especially the ones with looped tubing, are, acoustically speaking, trumpets; but since looped shapes contributed virtually nothing (except crooks) to the history of the trumpet, while being potentially important to the development of the horn, this seemed the place to put them. On the other hand, long, gently curved or reverse-curved instruments with slightly expanding bore -- especially when they appear in subjects such as the Last Judgement, where the iconography is in general associated with the trumpet -- have been left for the trumpet iconography which God forbid I should live to accomplish. Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
Satyrs: [Oliver Dr] Oliver, Isaac (1556?-1617). Nymphs and Satyrs. Coll. H.M. the Queen. drawing. One of the satyrs blows a fingered, reverse-curve horn. (R. Strong. The English Renaissance Miniature. New York 1983, p. 149 [as ca. 1610-15?])
Tritons: See Also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Pageants.
Fame: [BI London 1580] Anon. Queen Elizabeth in a Triumphal Car, (1559) from Anthony Munday, Zelauto: The Fountaine of Fame. London 1580. Fame, standing in the front of the car, blows a curvy, looped trumpet. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 19, from the coronation entry into London, 14 January 1559. Fig. 20 reproduces a cruder, anonymous version of this.)
Love and Sex: [Oliver Pa] Oliver, Isaac (1556?-1617). A Love Allegory. Copenhagen SmfK (formerly Coll. Holstein Ledreborg). painted miniature. There is a boar hunt in the background. One of the huntsmen has a curved horn hanging at his waist. (R. Strong. The English Renaissance Miniature. New York 1983, p. 156 [ok reproduction], as ca. 1590-95?; Burlington 90 [1952] 324; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 89 [1977] La chronique des arts no. 1298, p. 36 [minuscule reproduction])
Hunts and Hunters: See also Allegory, Love and Sex.
[Ne private collection] British, last quarter, 16th century. Hunting Scenes. private collection. needlework valence. A gentleman and his huntsman blow deeply curved horns. (Y. Hackenbroch. English and other needlework ... in the Irwin Untermyer Collection. Cambridge MA 1960. [The Irwin Untermyer Collection, vol. (4)] fig. 26, pl. 15 [poor color reproduction], notes design freely adapted from Philips Galle's Venationis, Piscationis, et Aucupii Type [Antwerp 1582]; exh New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1945: P. Remington. English Domestic Needlework of the XVI, XVII and XVIII Centuries. New York 1945. cat. and pl. 32 not seen)
Pageants: [CI Elvetham 1591] Anon. Aquatic Performance on an Artificial Lake in Honor of Queen Elizabeth's Visit to the Estate of the Earl of Hertford at Elvetham, 12 September 1591. woodcut? Performance includes "Tritons" blowing five curved and one reverse-curve horns. (J. Nichols. Progresses ... of Queen Elizabeth. London 1823. pl. III, opp. p. 101; Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 54 [ok reproduction, after Nichols], fig. 55 [another view, from an unidentified source, also with horn-blowing Tritons])
Other: [Pa London NPG] Anon, late 16th century. The Memorial Picture for Sir Henry Unton (d.1596). London, National Portrait Gallery. In the section devoted to Sir Henry in Italy, there is a little mini-cavalcade of three mounted figures, the foremost of them blowing a curved horn. (R. C. Strong. Sir Henry Unton and his Portrait: An Elizabethian Memorial Picture and its History. Oxford 1965. pl. XXVI, which is actually clearer than the little detail, pl. XXIXc; Lesure [German] pp. 72-73 [it's the little group near the sun in the upper right])
Belshazzar: [Muller Pr] Muller, Jan (1571-1628). Belshazzar's Feast. engraving. Musicians in a gallery play a large curved horn, a harp, and a trumpet. very unimp. (IB vol. 4, no. 1, p. 441)
Gideon: [Berckenrode Pr] Berkenrode, Floris Balthasarsz (ca.1563-1616). The Siege of Zaltbommel (Bommel) by the Spaniards under the Command of Mendoza, 1599. engraving. In the left foreground corner "Gedion" has a looped horn dangling from his left elbow. (Hollstein [Dutch] II, p. 4)
Jephthah: [Diepenbeeck Dr] Diepenbeeck, Abraham van (1596-1675). The Return of Jephthah. private collection. The Welcoming Women play lute, sharply curved horn and a small frame drum. (Old Master Drawings from the Collection of John and Alice Steiner. Santa Barbara 1986. cat. no. 69, p. 164 [ok reproduction])
Nativity: [Wytewael Dr] Wytewael, Joachim Anthonisz (1566-1638). Adoration of the Shepherds. Rotterdam BvB. drawing. One of the shepherds has a small curved horn hanging at his back. (H. E. van Gelder and J. Duverger. Kunstgeschiedenis der Nederlanden. vol. I. Utrecht 1954. p. 486)
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fountain Figures.
Passion -- Mocking/Flagellation of Christ: [Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). The Crowning with Thorns. Amsterdam RM. A boy with a feathered cap blows an animal horn in Chirst's ear. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 111 [March 1988] La chronique des arts no. 1430, p. 53 [new acquisition]; probably = Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1260 [poor reproduction], where location is Amsterdam, Pastorie Sint Dominicuskerk)
[Ae II Sadeler Pr] Sadeler, Aegidius II (1568-1629) (after Dürer). The Mocking of Christ (after the small woodcut Passion). engraving. A figure blows a reverse-curve horn with a rusticated bell. (IB vol. 72/2 Supp., p. 329)
[Sichem-Valckert Pr] Sichem, Christoffel (ca.1581/2-1658?)? after a lost painting by Werner van den Valckert (ca.1585-p.1627). The Mocking of Christ. engraving. Includes a figure blowing an reverse-curve horn ("einsetzen" embouchure). The horn is very dramatically depicted. (Oud-Holland 92 [1978] 36 [fine reproduction]; Oud-Holland 97 [1983] 148 [fine reproduction])
Actaeon: [Wtewael Pa] Wtewael, Joachim Antonisz (1566-1638). Diana and Actaeon. location unknown. Actaeon waves a reverse-curve horn. Very prominent. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat. A 51, pl. 72)
Adonis: [Goltzius Pa] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Venus and Adonis (1614). Schloss Schleissheim, no. 3951. With Adonis' curved horn beside him. (Bernt, vol. I, pl. 434 [fair reproduction]; exh Frankfurt am Main SKI, 2000: Holländischer Klassizismus. no. 2, with location Munich AP)
[Goltzius Pa] _______. Venus, Cupid and Adonis. London art market. With Adonis' curved horn on the ground in the foreground. (adv. at the back of the exhibit catalog, Utrecht-Braunschweig, 1986-87: Nieuw licht op de Gouden Eeuw: Hendrick ter Brugghen en tijdgenoten. Ed. A. Blankert and L. J. Slatkes.; Burlington 128 [1986] July ad p. xxxiv)
[Matham Pr] Matham, Jacob (1571-1631). Venus and Adonis. engraving. Adonis' horn -- looped (more twisted than looped), with two rings for the straps -- lies on the ground in the foreground. (IB vol. 4, no. 16, p. 23)
Apollo: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.
Bacchanals: [Moeyaert Pa] Moeyaert, Claesz Cornelisz (ca.1590/91-1655), attr. Bacchanal. private collection. Includes a satyr playing a reverse-curve horn horn. (Nicolson Caravaggism. pl. 1389 [fair reproduction])
Diana: See also Portraits; Miscellaneous Figures, Putti.
[Bloemaert Dr] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). Diana. private collection. drawing. She has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (exh Kansas Cit,y William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, 1965: Drawings Collection of Milton McGreevy = Bulletin IV/6 [1965] no. 33)
[Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Diana Hunting (1627). ex Berlin, Jagdschloss Grünewald (lost since 1945). One of her female followers blows a reverse-curve horn. (E. de Jongh. Portretten van echt en trouw ... [exh Haarlem, Fans Halsmuseum] 1986, p. 77 [not exh]; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 183)
Tritons: [Bloemaert Dr] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). Sea Gods and Godesses. Berlin SMPK Ksk. drawing. Includes a Triton playing a shell horn. (E. Bock and J. Rosenberg. Catalogue of Netherlands Drawings of the Berlin Museum. Berlin 1930. pl. 12)
[Goltzius Pa] Goltzius, Hendrick (1558-1617). Neptune and Tritons. New York art market (1930). There are looped, curved horns. (Roerich Museum sale, American Art Association, 27-28.III.1930)
Other: [Wytewael Dr] Wytewael, Joachim Anthonisz (1566-1638). The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Berlin SMPK KsK Kdz 12 860. drawing. One of the figures (Fame?) has a reverse-curve horn in one hand and a straight trumpet in the other. unimp. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1086. pl. 76 [cropped, can't see the horn]; van Dyck - Koopman no. 53)
[Wytewael Pa] _______. The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Providence RISD. Fame (?) holds a straight trumpet and plays a reverse-curve horn with a rusticated bell. Muses play a keyboard instrument and a flute. Apollo has a lyre, and a putto on a cloud plays a tambourine. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael. Doornspijk 1986. cat A 53, pl. 74). Related drawing in Amsterdam RPK. (Lowenthal pl. 75)
[Wtewael Pa] _______. The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Williamstown Clark AI. Fame (?) holds a straight trumpet and a reverse-curve horn with a rusticated bell. Apollo has a lyre and Muses play viol and flute. (exh Baltimore, etc., 1997: Masters of Light ... cat. 49, p. 280 [color reproduction])
[Wytewael Pa] _______. The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (1612). London art market (1990). Includes a figure (Fame?) floating on a cloud blowing on a reverse-cuvre trumpet/horn with a diagonal bell and holding a straight trumpet. (sale, Sotheby's, London, 11.IV.1990; Burlington 132 [1990] March ad p. i [color reproduction])
[Wytewael Pa] _______. The Battle between the Gods and the Titans. New York art market (1992). Includes a nude female figure on a cloud (Fame?) blowing a slender, reverse-cuvre trumpet/horn and holding a straight trumpet. (sale, Christie's, New York, 21.V.1992; Burlington 134 [1992] May back cover [ok color reproduction])
[Bloemaert Pa] Bloemaert, Abraham (1564-1651). Theagenes and Chariclea. The Hague, Mauritshuis. One of the figures blows a rustic, reverse-curve horn, sharply curved at the distal end. Another plays a shawm or straight trumpet. Inspired by a romance by Heliodorus of Emesa. unimp. (Oud-Holland 102 [1988] 185)
Elements: [Savery Pr] Savery, Jacob I (1576-1639). Earth, from a Four Elements series. etching. A female personification holds a curved horn and lance, and a hunter on foot blows a curved horn. (IB vol. 53, no. 5314/.004, p. 347)
Seasons: [Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Spring Landscape (from a Four Seasons series?). Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum. A couple embraces in the left foreground, a lute on the ground before them. There is also a fountain figure blowing a slightly curved horn. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989, p. 24, as Summer landscape with Ball Game [ca. 1617]) The formal garden and the ball game (beugelen) suggest Spring rather than Summer.
Other: See also Portraits.
[Savery Pr] Savery, Salomon (1594-ca.1650). "Gewenste vryheydt/Desired Freedom. engraving. A winged figure above blows a long, curved horn/trumpet and holds a large feather. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXIV, no. 21, p. 18)
[BI Amsterdam 1614] Visscher, Claes Jansz (ca. 1587-1660?). "Niet hoe veel, maer hoe eel," from Roemer Visscher, Sinnepoppen. Amsterdam 1614. engraving. A lute juxtaposed with a pile of musical instruments, including a reverse-curve horn, bagpipe, panpipes, recorder?, shawm?, trumpet and rommel pot. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIX, no. 448, p. 158)
[J G Cuyp Pa] Cuyp, Jacob Gerritsz (1594-1651). Portrait of Five Children. Budapest SM. A boy has a looped horn at his waist (it looks like a cornett that has been bent into a loop -- it even has a sort of cornett mouthpiece). (Budapest, Szépmüvészeti Museum Bulletin 21 [1962] 73)
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Allegory of the Steadfastness of Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange /Allegorical Portrait. Den Haag, Huis ten Bosch, Oranjesaal. The steadfastness is symbolized by a rock outcropping (Frederik Hendrik) constantly washed by the sea (the water demons). Two water demons have shell horns (one blown, one held). Another figure, flying in from the upper left blows a reverse-curve, ribbed horn. These would seem to represent the elements Water and Air. Two other figures, one with a snake, the other with a torch, seem to represent Earth and Fire. (E. de Jongh. Portretten van echt en trouw ... [exh Haarlem, Fans Halsmuseum] 1986, p. 230 [not exh] [fair reproduction])
[Honthorst Pa] _______. Portrait of an Unknown Family/Conversation Piece. Amsterdam art market. A child has a rattle from a golden chain around its neck which is in the shape of a little looped horn. (E. de Jongh. Portretten van echt en trouw ... [exh Haarlem, Fans Halsmuseum] 1986. no. 50, p. 227)
[Pot Pa] Pot, Hendrick Gerrits (ca.1585-1657). Portrait of Joost van den Vondel (1587-1679) as a Shepherd. Amsterdam RM no. 1907a. He holds a small recorder. There is a reverse-curve horn on a table or wall. (Bernt vol. II, no. 934)
Garden Parties: See also Allegory, Seasons.
Hunts and Hunters: [Duyster Pa] Duyster, Willem Cornelisz (1599-1635) (figures) and Gerrit Claesz Bleker (ca.1600-1656). Stag Hunt in the Dunes (1627). Haarlem, Frans Halsmuseum. A hunter has a curved horn. (1955 vol. of Reproductions, cat. no. 550, pl. 28; 1960 vol. pl. 22)
[Laer Pa] Laer, Pieter van ("Il Bamboccio") (1599-ca.1642). Landscape with Hunters. The Hague, Mauritshuis. One of the hunters has a partly visible curved horn hanging at his back from a strap. very unimp. (Burlington 139 [1997] 726 [color reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 125 [March 1995] La chronique des arts, p. 65)
[Laer Pa] _______. Halt at the Inn. Rome, Galleria Spada. A hunter takes a drink, a horn (?) horn hanging at his waist. (Briganti Bamboccianti. p. 48 [ok reproduction])
[Laer Pa] _______. Hunters Resting. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. One has a deeply curved horn hung from a strap. (Briganti Bamboccianti. p. 46 [ok reproduction])
[Laer Pa] _______. Two Horsemen. Wien, Akademie, Gamäldegalerie. One of them blows a curved or reverse-curve horn as he gallops along. lively but unimp. (Briganti Bamboccianti. p. 50 [ok reproduction]; M. Poch-Kalous. Die Gemäldegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste in Wien. Vienna 1968. p. 107, as from his early Italian period)
[Venne Dr] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Two Men pursuing a Stag. One of them, on foot, has a curved horn hanging from a strap, flying out behind him. (M. Royalton Kisch. Adriaen van de Venne's Album in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum. London 1988. no. 27, p. 195 [ok color reproduction])
Angels: See also Allegory, Other.
Fountain Figures: [Moeyaert Pa] Moeyaert, Claes Cornelisz (1590/92 or 1600-1655). The Prodigal Son as a Shepherd. The Hague, Museum Bredius (cat. no. 123). Includes a peasant playing a bagpipe and a fountain figure with water coming out of a curved horn with a rusticated bell. (Oud-Holland 88 [1974] 72, as before 1624)
Putti: [Honthorst Pa] Honthorst, Gerrit van (1590-1656). Apollo and Diana (1628). Coll. H. M. the Queen, Hampton Court Palace. A putto, tumbling in air, blows a curved trumpet, sharply curved at the distal end. (Burlington 96 [1954] 37)
Shepherds: See also Portraits.
David Dancing Before the Ark/The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant: [BI Antwerp n.d.] Adriaen Collaert (ca.1550-1618) after Jan van der Straet (Johannes Stradanus) (1532-1605). David Dancing Before the Ark (2 Samuel, 6, 12-15), from Encomivm mvsices. Antwerp, Philips Galle, n.d. no. 8. engraving. The procession is led by two prominent cornu players. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943 [The Harrow Replicas, 6], as ca.1690)
Gideon: [Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640), after. Gideon Triumphing over the Midianites. Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art. Includes military figures blowing a looped horn with an animal-head bell (some squiggles behind it may be intended to suggest more horns) and three straight trumpets, one with a rusticated bell, one with an animal-head bell. (CRLB III, no. 25, fig. 56 [ok reproduction], as "after Rubens." The text, p. 96, calls it "a compilation by an unknown hand"; Held cat. A20, fig 488, as one of the questionable and rejected attributions -- a compilation of Rubens motifs)
Other: [BI Antwerp n.d.] Adriaen Collaert (ca.1550-1618) after Jan van der Straet (Johannes Stradanus) (1523-1605). Saul among the Prophets (I Samuel, 16, 23), from Encomivm mvsices. Antwerp, Philips Galle, n.d. no. 5. engraving. Includes a group of musicians, including a player of an unusual undulating horn, a fingered horn (?), and at least one other looped horn (partly visible). (facsimile: Cambridge 1943 [The Harrow Replicas, 6], as ca.1690)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. Solomon Taking the Ark of the Covenant into the Temple (II Chronicles, 5, 4-6). no. 9. The numerous musicians include players of a cornu, a looped horn, and several other curved horns or trumpets. (Muziek & Grafiek. no. 18b, p. 69; facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. The Sacrifice of King Asa (II Chronicles 15, 10-15). no. 11. Includes six cornu players (only one more or less fully visible). (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. The Coronation of King Joas (II Chronicles, 23, 11). no. 12. Includes a very prominent kneeling (!) cornu player and four more in the background. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. The Inauguration of Jerusalem's Walls by Nehemiah (Nehemiah 12, 27-39). no. 13. Includes a very prominent seated (!) cornu player, two more in the background, and a wonderful variety of curved, undulating, looped -- even double-looped -- horns. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. Judith's Triumph (Judith [Apocrypha] 15, 9-11 and 13). no. 14. Includes players of a looped, reverse-curve (sort of) horn, and just about the curviest undulating horn I have ever seen. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp n.d.] _______. The Rededication of the Temple by Simon Maccabaeus (I Maccabaeus [Apocrypha] 13, 49-51). no. 15. Includes players of a cornu and of a horn in spiralling loops. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
[BI Antwerp 1585] Anon. The Slaying of Uriah (II Samuel [II Kings] 11, 3-27), from Thesaurus Veteris Testamenti. Antwerp, Gerard de Jode, 1585. engraving. Among the military figures there are two players of sharply curved horns, one almost cornu-like. (Y. Hackenbroch. English and other needlework, tapestries and textile in the Irwin Untermyer Collection. Cambridge MA 1960. [The Irwin Untermyer Collection, 4] p.xxxv [poor reproduction])
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Finding of the Pagan Treasures and Judas Maccabeus' Prayer for the Dead. Nantes MBA. oil sketch for the Altar of the Dead, Tournai, Cathedral. Includes two military figures playing looped and undulating horns (one with an animal-head bell) (they're sort of like cornui having a seizure). (CRLB III, no. 67, fig. 177) Copy: Banbury, Upton House. (Held cat. 316, fig. 460)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Sacrifice of the Old Covenant, from the Triumph of the Eucharest series. private collection. oil sketch. Includes heralds in the right background playing a straight trumpet and a double-looped, curved horn/trumpet, with a rusticated bell. (Held cat. 93, fig. 95, as ca.1626; =? exh Boston MFA 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. no. 22, p. 176 [ok color reproduction], as Boston MFA)
Nativity: [BI Antwerp 1583] Anon. Passe-partout title-page border of the Antwerp printer Christopher Plantin. engraving. In the left border there is a depiction of the Nativity, with shepherds playing hurdy-gurdy, bagpipe and curved horn. (Fraenkel no. 38, for Jacobus de Kerle, Quatuor Missae [1583]).
Passion -- Mocking/Flagellation of Christ: [Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). The Flagellation of Christ. New York art market. Includes a figure with a looped horn. (Vis. Coll. 374.l.J76.26F)
Passion -- Via dolorosa: [Master EVK Pa] Monogrammist EVK. Via dolorosa(1608). Fribourg, L'Eglise des Cordeliers. Includes a figure with a curved horn. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 41: Canton de Fribourg II. Basel 1959. p. 65)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Via dolorosa. Berkeley CA, University of California Art Museum. oil sketch. Includes a mounted figure blowing a double looped (two adjacent loops) horn with an animal-head bell. It is one of the most spectacular depictions of this subject with a horn, and includes one of the most spectacular horns. (sale, Sotheby's 23.V.1951; sale, Sotheby's, 29.XI.1961; Held cat. 345, fig. 339 [ok reproduction], as ca.1631-32; J. R. Judson. Rubens: The Passion of Christ. Turnhout 2000. [CRLB VI] no. 18, pl. 53 [ok reproduction]; Burlington 93 [1951] May ad p. iii [tiny reproduction]; Burlington 96 [1954] 59 [fine reproduction]; Connoisseur 133 [1954] June ad p. 29; Burlington 103 [1961] November ad p. xxxv) Engraved (1632) by Paul Pontius (1603-1658). (J. R. Judson. Rubens: The Passion of Christ. Turnhout 2000. [CRLB VI] no. 18, copy 11, pl. 54 [ok reproduction])
Other: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Village/Rustic Scenes.
[F II Francken Pa] Francken, Frans II (1581-1642). Paul and Barnabas in Lystra. Greenville, Bob Jones University Gallery. Includes a figure playing a cornu. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 237, p. 297 [ok reproduction], pl. 54 [fine color reproduction])
See also Allegory, Other.
Other: [H Wierix Pr] Wierix, Hieronymus (a.1553-1619). Five Depictions of the Child Jesus playing Musical Instruments. engraving. He plays violin, cello, cittern, harp and lute. There are also unplayed musical instruments in the interstices: mandora, flute, recorder, pommer, cornett, reverse-curve fingered horn and trumpet. (Muziek & Grafiek no. 17b, p. 67 [small reproduction])
St. Hubert/Eustache: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Fairs and Festivals.
[Crayer Pa] Crayer, Jasper (Caspar) (1584-1669). The Conversion of St. Hubert. Louvain, Church of St. James. The Saint has a 1-1/2 circle/looped horn. (Leppert Theme no. 173, pl. CXXIII)
[Loon Pa] Loon, Theodor van (1585-a.1660). The Conversion of St. Hubert. Brussels MRBA. There is a large, curved, ribbed horn (with a shallow cup mouthpiece) on the ground beside the Saint. There is also apparently a hunter in the background playing a curved horn. (Leppert Theme no. 402, pl.CXXI)
Adonis: [Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Death of Adonis. ex Madrid, Alcàzar (presumably destroyed by fire in 1743). Includes a hunter playing a looped horn (irregular loop near the distal end). Copy (by W. van Herp?): location unknown. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 24, copy 3, fig. 120) Tapestry after (Brussels, atelier of Daniël Eggermans [the younger?]): location unknown (formerly Vienna KH). (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 24, copy 9, fig. 121)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Death of Adonis. Princeton, University, Art Museum. oil sketch. One of the hunts painted for Philip IV of Spain. Includes a hunter with a curved horn. (Held cat. no. 222, fig. 233, as ca.1639)
[Speeckaert Dr] Speeckaert, Hans (Jan) (op. ca. 1575-77). The Death of Adonis. Budapest SM. drawing. Adonis has a reverse-curve horn hanging from a strap. very unimp. (Oud-Holland 83 [1968] 171)
Calydonian Boar, Hunt of the: [Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Meleager and Atalanta. Vaduz, Sammlungen des Regierenden Fürsten von Lichtenstein. A huntsman blows a curved horn. (Burlington 130 [1988] 166 [color reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 99 [March 1982] La chronique des arts no. 1358, p. 72)
***this is not the private collection
[Jordaens Copy Dr] ________, Copy. Meleager and Atalanta. location unknown. Includes a hunter with a curved horn hung from a strap. (d'Hulst 1974. cat. C4, pl. 48 [ok reproduction], as (vol. II, p. 502) copy by an unknown hand after the original portion, ca.1618, of the oil sketch for the painting of this subject in the Antwerp museum)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Meleager Bringing the Head of the Calydonian Boar to Atalanta. Kassel, Staatliche Kunstsammlung, Gemäldegalerie, inv. 88. Includes a figure blowing a 1-1/2 (?) circle coiled horn. (Leppert Theme. no. 500, pl. CXXX; Brüchle and Janetzky 1976, p. 53 [detail]) Engraved by Cornelis Bloemaert (Hollstein [Dutch] II, no.69, p. 75)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Meleager Bringing the Head of the Calydonian Boar to Atalanta. Munich AP. A small curved horn hangs in a tree. (H. Bauer. Die Alte Pinakothek in München. Munich 1966. p. 147; Connoisseur 169 [1968] 214 [and cupboard door panel after it by Hendrik van Balen, private collection]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4M[d ])
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar. Vienna KH. Includes a female figure blowing a 2-1/2 circle (?) horn and a hunter blowing a slender curved horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 10, fig. 71; catalog, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Gemäldegalerie II. Wien 1958. no. 316; exh Boston MFA 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 318 [minuscule, not exhibited]; Burlington 111 [1969] 438). Oil sketch for this, Coll. Norton Simon, Los Angeles. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 10a, fig. 70; Held cat. 249, fig. 271, as ca.1618-19; Burlington 111 [1969] 441 [ok reproduction]) Copy (Studio of Rubens): location unknown. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 10, copy 1, fig. 72) Copy: Palacio de Riofrío (near Segovia), Patrimonio Nacional. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 10, copy 2, fig. 73)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar. ex Madrid, Alcàzar (presumably destroyed by fire in 1734). Includes a hunter blowing a 2-1/2 (?) circle tightly coiled horn, held horizontally. Copy (Studio of Rubens): private collection. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 12, copy 1, fig. 81) Oil sketch: private collection. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 12a, fig. 82; Held cat. 251, fig. 273, as ca.1635-38; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens: cat. 34, p. 317 [ok color reproduction], as ca.1627-28; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 137 [March 2001] La chronique des arts no. 1586, p. 73)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar. ex Madrid, Alcàzar (presumably destroyed by fire in 1734). Includes a hunter playing a shallow curved horn. tapestry (Brussels, atelier of Daniël Eggermans [the younger?], after the cartoon in the Hermitage): ex Vienna KH. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 20, copy 12, fig. 107) Mezzotint by R. Earlom, 1781, after the tapestry cartoon in the Hermitage, published in A Set of Prints ... ed. J. Boydel, London 1788, vol. II, pl. LI. (cat. Rubens Hunting Scenes no. 20, copy 11, fig. 100) Oil sketch: private collection. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 20a, fig. 105)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar. Berlin art market (1918). Includes a figure blowing a tighty coiled horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 18 [not illustrated]; catalog of the Galerie Ritter Gaston von Mallmann sale, Lepke, Berlin, 1918. vol. I, no. 97, pl. 6) Copy (Studio of Rubens?): location unknown. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 18, copy 1, fig. 99, landscape perhaps by Wildens) Copy (after Rubens and F. Snyders): location unknown. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 18, copy 2, fig. 100) Drawing after Rubens and F. Snyders: London BM Inv. 1881-7-9-78 (there attr. Snyders). (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 18, copy 5 [not illustrated])
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Hunt of the Calydonian Boar. location unknown. A hunter plays a 2-1/2 circle rather loosely (tightly) coiled horn. Copy: location unknown. (cat. Rubens Hunting Scenes no. 1, copy 1, fig. 31). Anonymous etching. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 1, copy 5, fig. 32)
[Rubens School Pa] _______, School. Atalanta and Meleager in Pursuit of the Calydonian Boar. Ipswich Museums and Galleries. Includes a figure in the right foreground corner blowing a small 2-1/2 circle coiled horn ("einsetzen" embouchure). (A. W. More. Dutch and Flemish Painting in Norfolk. London 1988. cat. no. 56, p. 20 [fair reproduction], as late 1600's; adv. Art History 12 [1989] 142)
[Panneels-Rubens Pr] Willem Panneels (b. 1600) after Rubens. Meleager and Atalanta. engraving. Includes a prominent figure blowing a looped/1-1/2 circle horn. (Hollstein [Dutch] XV, no. 26, p. 122)
Diana: [BI n.p. 1582] Philips Galle after Hans Bol. Title page of Venationis, pescationis et aucupii typi. n. p. 1582. engraving. Includes a recumbent, bare-bosomed Diana/Venus, lying beside a stag, holding a curved horn. (Schwerdt I, pl. 26)
[Balen Pa] Balen, Hendrik van (1575-1632). [Diana's] Nymphs Fishing. Coll. von Schönborn-Wiesentheid, Pommersfelden. On the ground, left center, there are a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn. Hanging on a tree in the right foreground there are a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn. The instruments are similar to the pair on the left in an etching by Wenzel Hollar (Brüchle and Janetzky p. 52) , where the mouthpipe clearly emerges from the center of the coiled horn (see the 17th Century index, German, Still Life). (Leppert Theme. pl. CXXIX [fair reproduction])
[Balen Pa] _______. Hunt of Diana. private collection. One of her nymphs blows a 2-1/2 circle horn, played out in front like a trumpet. (Leppert Theme. pl. CXXVI [fair reproduction])
[Balen Pa] _______. Hunt of Diana. Brussels art market (1954). Among the hunting artifacts are a 3-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, a curved metal (?) horn and several horn horns. (sale, Palais des Beaux-Arts 16.III.1954 [poor reproduciton])
[Balen-Keirinckx Pa] Balen, Hendrik van, and Alexander Keirinckx (1600-1625). A Wooded River Landscape, with Resting Nymphs and Hunting Apparatus. New York art market (1979). A hunting still life on the ground includes a 3-1/2? circle tightly coiled horn. I trust these are Diana's nymphs. (sale, Sotheby Parke Bernet, 20.V.1979; Apollo 109 [1979] May ad p. 159; Burlington 121 [1979] May ad p. lxix [color])
[J I Breughel Pa] Breughel, Jan I (1568-1625) (figure staffage by another hand). Landscape with [Diana's] Nymphs and Dead Game. Munich AP. On the ground in the right foreground: a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn. On the ground in the right center foreground: a curved horn. On a tree at the right: a 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and two curved horns. (K. J. Müllenmeister. Meer und Land im Licht des 17. Jahrhunderts. Bremen 1978. vol. II, no. 76B, with the note that the figure staffage is by another hand). The horns in the right foreground appear in Breughel's sheet of studies of hunting accessories (Hamburg KH) (q.v. Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters). The horns on the tree are similar (reversed) to those in an etching by Wenzel Hollar, where the mouthpipe clearly emerges from the center of the coiled horn (Brüchle and Janetzky p. 52) (q.v. German, 17th Century, Still Life).
[J I Breughel Pa] _______. Diana and Nymphs Fishing. private collection (ex Munich AP, Hearst Collection) A 3-1/2 or 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn hang on a tree. (Müllenmeister Meer und Land. vol. II, opp. p. 32 [ok color reproduction] and 76A [as Jan I Breughel, Frans Snyders and Hendrik van Balen]) Note that the Hollar etching after a drawing by Breughel is related to the horns here.
(A. Baines. Brass Instruments ... London 1976. p. 141)
[J I Breughel Pa] _______ (figures by another hand in the style of Hendrik van Balen). Diana and Nymphs Sleeping, Watched by Satyrs. Berlin art market (1918). There are two curved horns on the ground. (catalog of the Galerie Ritter Gaston von Mallmann sale, Lepke, Berlin, 1918, vol. I, pl. 39 [ok reproduction])
[J I Breughel-Rubens Pa] _______, and Peter Paul Rubens. Diana and her Nymphs. Paris, Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature. A nymph plays a shallow curved horn. There is a smaller, more deeply curved horn hanging from a tree. On the ground in the left foreground there is a 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, a deeply curved curved black horn with a tassled strap and a larger curved metal horn with a strap. There is also the bell of another horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes. fig. 5; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. p. 253 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; M. Winner. "Neubestimmtes und Unbestimmtes im zeichnerischen Werk von Jan Brueghel der Älter." Jahrbuch Berliner Museen 14 [1972] 149) These horns appear in Breughel's sheet of studies of hunting accessories (Hamburg KH) (q.v. Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters).
[Jordaens Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Diana Resting, with Nymphs, Satyrs and Booty. Chantilly, Musée Condé. drawing. Includes two fat, curved horns on the ground. unimp. (d'Hulst 1974. cat. A25, pl. 267) Copy (Rotterdam BvB) (d'Hulst 1974. cat. C51, pl. 528)
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Fountain in an Architectural Setting. Ottawa NGC. drawing. Sketch for a wall decoration. Includes a statue of Diana with a curved horn hanging from a strap. (d'Hulst 1974. no. A220, pl. 235 [ok reproduction], as ca.1645)
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Diana Reposing. Paris Louvre. Includes two unplayed curved horns. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 101 [March 1983] La chronique des arts no.1370 p. 3 [small reproduction])
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Diana and Callisto. London art market. A coiled horn hangs on a tree, upper right. (sale, Sotheby's, 12.XII.1973; Burlington 115 [1973] Nov. ad p. xxvii [useless for details])
[Nieulandt Pa] Nieulandt, Willem van (1587-1635). Mythological Scene with Diana and her Followers. London art market (1957). Among the objects on the ground, center foreground, are a curved horn (?) and a small 2-1/2 circle colied horn (no bell flare). (Connoisseur 139 [1957] April ad p. lv)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Diana and Callisto. Madrid, Prado. There is a partly visible oliphant-like hunting horn in the corner. very unimp. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4Di[c]) Copy: private collection, Seville. damaged, unimp. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4Di[c]). Copy of a copy: Rotterdam, BvB. very unimp. (Held cat. 236, fig. 447 [notes that the location of the original is unknown]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4Di[c]CB)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Diana and Nymphs Hunting Deer. private collection. oil sketch. Includes a nymph blowing a horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 6; Held cat. 186, fig. 195, as ca.1636-37)
[Rubens-Snyders Pa] _______, and Frans Snyders (1579-1657). Diana with Attendants Hunting Deer. ex Berlin, Kaiser-Friedrich Museum (destroyed in 1945). Includes a male hunter blowing a fat, curved horn, bell up. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 19, fig. 104, landscape perhaps by Wildens) Copy (Rubens Studio and F. Snyders?): ex Potsdem-Sanssouci, Neues Palais (destroyed in 1945). (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 19, copy 1, fig. 102) Copy: Paris Louvre CdD. drawing of the gourp of figures at the right, including the horn player. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 19, copy 6, fig. 103)
[Rubens-Snyders Pa] _______, and Frans Snyders, attr. The Coronation of Diana. Potsdam, Bildergalerie Sanssouci (originally an overmantel in Honselaersdijk, grote Saal). Diana has a 3-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn on her lap (clear and prominent). In the background one of her nymphs blows a curved horn, straight up. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 3 [small reproduction]; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. no. 14, p. 252 [ok color reproduction]; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 280; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 160, as by Rubens and perhaps Snyders.)
[Rubens-Snyders Pa] _______. Diana and Nymphs Hunting Fallow Deer. ex Madrid, Alcàzar (presumably destroyed by fire in 1734). One of the nymphs blows a short, fat, curved horn. Another has a looped horn (irregular shape, with the loop nearer the proximal end) hung at her waist from a strap. Copy: Nîmes MBA. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 21, copy 1, fig. 108) Tapestry after (Brussels, Atelier of Daniël Eggermans [the younger?]): ex Vienna KH. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 21, copy 9, fig. 109) Copy (by Thomas van Yperen?): Brighton, Brighton Art Gallery. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 21, copy 6, fig. 111) Oil sketch (by Rubens alone): private collection. This version does not have the second (looped) horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 21a, fig. 110; Held cat. 223, fig. 232, as ca. 1629; Leppert Theme. no. 490, not illus.)
[Rubens-Vos Pa] _______ and Paul de Vos. (1595-1678) Diana of the Hunt. Madrid, Prado. One of her nymphs blows a 3-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn. (If she could be said to have any embouchure at all, it's einsetzen and puffed cheeks.) (Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4Di[j]
[Rubens-Vos Pa] Rubens? and Paul de Vos. Diana and Nymphs Hunting Deer. private collection. One of the nymphs plays a curved metal horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 17, fig. 98, executed 1635-40, landscape perhaps by Wildens)
[Vinckboons Pa] Vinckboons, David (1576-1631/33). Hunt of Diana. Brussels MRBA, cat. 498, inv. 3173. Figures include a nymph blowing a looped horn. (Leppert Theme. pl. CXXV)
Satyrs and Fauns: [Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Silenus Carrying Fruits, with a Nymph and a Faun Blowing a Horn. private collection. A faun blows a small looped, reverse-curve horn. (He looks as though he's kissing it.) (Leppert Theme. pl. CXXXI, as ca. 1640)
Tritons: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees.
[F II Francken Pa] Francken, Frans II (1581-1642). Allegory on the Abdication [i.e. the resignation of sovereignty of the Netherlands] of Charles V (25 October 1555). Amsterdam RM. In the left foreground a Triton plays a large shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 363, p. 344)
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Braunschweig HAUM. Tritons blow a shell horn, a curved horn with a rusticated bell, and perhaps a straight trumpet. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 286, p. 99)
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Florence, Galleria Palatina. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 283, p. 312 [small reproduction]) Variant: Gothenburg, Art Museum. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 285, p. 312 [small reproduction] Variant: Brussels art market (1985). (Härting Francken. cat. no. 284, p. 312 [small reproduction])
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Kromériz, Castle Gallery. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 279, p. 311 [small reproduction])
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Madrid Prado. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 289, p. 313 [minuscule reproduction], as 1630's)
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Munich art market (1989). Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 292, color pl. 20)
[F II Francken Pa] _______. The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Vienna art market (1989). Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Härting Francken. cat. no. 287, p. 313 [small reproduction]) Variant: Sibiu (Hermannstadt), Museum Brukenthal. (1901 catalog no. 382, Härting cat. no. 288, p. 313 [minuscule reproduction], as not original)
Note: Other Francken Triumphs of Neptune and Amphitrite with tritons with shell horns in Härting nos. 290, 293, 295 and 299.
[Jordaens Copy Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678), Copy. Neptune and Amphitrite. Vienna Albertina. drawing. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (d'Hulst 1974. no. C38, pl. 514. A studio copy of a painting, dated 164-, in the Rubenshuis, Antwerp.)
[Rubens Dr] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). A Triton with a Horn. Besançon, Musée. drawing. Blows a shell (?) horn (partly visible). unimp. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4Tr)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Venus Emerging from the Seas/The Birth of Venus. Brussels MRBA. oil sketch. For the decoration of the Torre de la Parada. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Held cat. 217, fig. 226)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Union of Earth and Water. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum. oil sketch. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Held cat. 238, fig. 242, as ca.1615)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Neptune Calming the Tempest, design for the Triumphal Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Cambridge MA Fogg. oil sketch. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Held cat. 146, color pl. 20 [ok color reproduction], b & w fig. 156, as 1635; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. cat. 33, p. 314 [ok color reproduction])
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Birth of Venus. London NG. oil sketch. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. A model for an oval silver basin (no basin known). (Held cat. 265, color pl. 17 [ok reproduction], b & w fig. 258, as ca.1630-31)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Birth of Venus. Ex Potsdam, Sanssouci (missing since 1945). A Triton blows a shell horn. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 30 [1967] 159)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Nereid and Triton, design for the decoration of the Torre de la Parada. Rotterdam BvB. oil sketch. The Triton blows a shell horn. (Held cat. 205, fig. 214, as 1636)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Mercury Leaving Antwerp, design for a pageant arch for the Triumphal Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. St. Petersburg Hermitage. oil sketch. Two Tritons blow shell horns and hold ensigns ot Antwerp. (Held cat. 162, fig. 163, as 1634)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Triumph of the Sea-Born Venus. private collection. oil sketch. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (Held cat. 266, fig. 257, as ca.1628? Notes is the model for part of a salt-cellar carved in ivory by Jörg Petel [1601/02-1634] in the Kungl. Husgerådskammaren, Stockholm Castle.)
[Rubens Copy Dr] _______. The Arch of Philip, for the Triumphal Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Antwerp, Rubenshuis. oil sketch. Includes two decorative Tritons with shell horns. (Held cat. 149, fig. 159)
[Rubens-Daullé Pr] Jean Daullé (1707 [1703?]-1763) after Rubens. Quos Ego. engraving. Includes a Triton bowing a shell horn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 119 [1992] 101)
Venus: See also Tritons.
Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fountain Figures.
[Jordaens Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). "Flora, Silenus et Zephirus." Berlin SMPK. drawing. Zephirus/Zephyrus blows a reverse-curve horn. (d'Hulst 1974. Cat. A147, pl. 160)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Chiron Instructing Achilles, from a Life of Achilles series. Rotterdam BvB, no. 1760a. oil sketch. On the ground, center foreground, there are a 2-1/2 (?) circle tightly coiled horn and a curved horn. They are very prominent, but not depicted in clear detail (sketchy). (E. Haverkamp Begemann. Rubens: the Achilles Series. London 1975. [CRLB, X] no. 2a, fig. 13 [ok reproduction], p. 19 dates as after 1630 but not later than 1635; Held cat. 121, fig. 124, as 1630-32; Museum Boymans-van Beuningen Rotterdam. Old Paintings 1400-1900. Illustrations. [Rotterdam 1972] p. 116 [fair reproduction]) Modello by Rubens and an assistant in Madrid Prado. Here the coiled horn seems to have 4-1/2 coils (it looks a bit like a coiled-up extension cord). (CRLB X, no. 2b, fig. 14 [ok reproduction], as "probably largely the work of an assistant") Etched (1679) by Frans Ertinger (1640-ca.1710). Here the coiled horn resembles a dinky little 1-1/2 circle coiled posthorn. (CRLB no. 2a copy 5, fig. 17 [ok reproduction]) Etched (1724) by Bernard Baron (1696-1762). Here the horn seems to have 3-1/2 coils, with the mouthpipe emerging between the first (outer) and second coils. He sort of fudges the horn, but Rubens didn't give him much to work with. (CRLB X, no 2a copy 6, fig. 18 [ok reproduction])
[Ta private collection] Flemish (Brussels, atelier of Jan Raes), ca. 1625. The Story of Decius Mus: Lying in State. Hamburg KH. tapestry. Includes one herald with a looped, irregularly curved horn and three with straight trumpets (two with animal-head bells). (Göbel I/2, no. 317, as private collection, Germany; = Stiftung zur Förderung der Hamburgischen Kunstsammlungen. Erwerbungen 1962. p. 39)
[Ta private collection] Flemish (Brussels, cartoon by Anthonie van Dyck after a modello by Rubens), 17th century. The Death of Decius Mus. private collection (Liechtenstein). Includes figures playing a looped horn with an animal-head bell and a straight trumpet. (C. Brown. van Dyck. Ithaca NY 1982. p. 22)
[Ta location unknown] Flemish (Brussels), 17th century. The Youth of Romulus and Remus, from a Romulus series. location unknown. Includes a hunter with a curved horn at his waist. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, vol. 1, fig. 98, tapestry series VI, no. 2)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Reconciliation of Romans and Sabines. Antwerp, Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas Belgique (Huis Osterrieth). oil sketch. Includes a mounted military figure (Roman?) with a looped horn/trumpet. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, fol. 1, fig. 140 [ok reproduction], no. 43c; Held cat. 284, fig. 284, as ca.1634-36) Copy (of a lost original): probably Spanish, 17th century (Madrid Prado [depot: University of Barcelona]). (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, vol. 1, fig. 142 [ok reproduction], no. 43, copy 1) Copy: Flemish, late 17th century? (location unknown). (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, vol. 1, fig. 147 [ok reproduction], no. 43, copy 2; sale, Christie's, London, 14.VII.1944, lot 161)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Constantine Defeating Licinius (1622), from the Life of Constantine the Great series. Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Gallery of Art. oil sketch. Military figures play a looped, reverse-curve horn and perhaps a straight trumpet. (Held cat. 47, fig. 48. Calls the instrument "an elaborately curved cornet [lituus]," and cites Iustus Lipsius, De Militia Romana Libri Quinque. Antwerp 1602. IV, p. 195 and the plate on p. 202 as the source for this identification.)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Disembarkation of Marie de'Medici at Marseilles. Paris Louvre. Includes a Triton blowing a shell horn. (exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. p. 38 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited])
[Rubens Pa] _______. Reconciliation of the Romans and the Sabines. Philadelphia, Johnson Coll. oil sketch. Includes a military figure blowing a looped, sharply curved horn with an animal-head (?) bell. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, vol. 1, no. 43a, as at least partly by Rubens; fig. 148 [ok reproduction]; Johnson Collection: 1953 Reproductions, no. 664, p. 139) Drawing after by Bartolommeo Pinelli (Rome 1814) (London art market 1984). Here the looped horn clearly does not have an animal-head bell. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, no.43a, Copy 1, fig. 152)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Reconciliation of Romans and Sabines. Antwerp, Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas Belgique (Huis Osterrieth). oil sketch. Includes a mounted military figure (Roman?) blowing a looped horn/trumpet. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History, vol. 1, no. 43c, fig. 140 [ok reproduction]) Copy (of a lost original, probably Spanish): Madrid Prado, deposited in Barcelona, University (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, no. 43, copy 1, fig. 142 [ok reproduction]). Copy (Flemish, late 17th century?): location unknown. (sale, Christie's, 14.VII.1944, lot. 161; CRLB XIII/1, vol. 1, no. 43, copy 2, fig. 147 [ok reproduction])
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Triumph of Henry IV, from the Luxembourg Palace series. Bayonne, Musée Bonnat. oil sketch. Heralds play two (?) cornui and three (?) straight trumpets. A man plays a tambourine. (Held cat. 84, fig. 87, as 1630)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640), attr. The Trophy. Cardiff, National Museum of Wales. water color/gouache on paper (cartoon for a tapestry). The trophy includes the ultimate cornu. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, fig. 88 [ok reproduction]. Considers it definitely not by Rubens [vol. 2, p.122]; Burlington 125 [1983] 138 [fine reproduction], 482 [detail], includes text pro and con the attribution to Rubens; suggests the subject is Aeneas exulting after his victory over Mezentius [Aeneid XI, 1-16]) Rubens' oil sketch (London, Dulwich College Picture Gallery) does not have the cornu, but seems to show the bell of some sort of horn (vague). (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, fig. 89, no. 30)
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Rape of the Sabines. London NG no. 38. Includes a figure blowing a looped and curvy horn/trumpet next to a figure blowing a shawm. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, fig. 127 [ok reproduction] no. 40; Burlington 111 [1969] 437)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Act of Devotion of Rudolf Hapsburg (1218-1291) (German king)/Rudolf of Hapsburg and the Priest. Madrid Prado. Rudolf (with a little 2-1/2 circle coiled horn hanging from a strap) and his groom (with a partly-visible 2-1/2 circle coiled horn with a wide bore and almost no bell flare hanging from a strap) meet a priest and an acolyte carrying the sacrament, give them their horses, and escort them to their destination. (McGrath Rubens. Subjects from History. vol. 1, figs. 214-15) Note also the version on the Brussels art market (1971). (Burlington 113 [1971] October ad p. lxi, as a simplified reduction of the composition executed by Rubens ca. 1618 in collaboration with Jean Wildens [Madrid, Prado]. A hopeful attribution.)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Death of Decius from the Story of Decius Mus, Roman Consul. Madrid, Prado. oil sketch. Includes a military figure blowing a large, looped horn with an animal-head (?) bell. (Held cat. 3A, fig. 4. The tapestry series commissioned in 1616; Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4D5VM, as by Rubens and Theodoor van Thulden) A variant of the painting in the Liechtenstein Collection, below.
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Reconciliation of the Romans and the Sabines. Philadelphia, Museum of Art, John G. Johnson Collection. oil sketch. Includes a military figure with a large, looped horn (with a rusticated or animal-head bell?). (Held cat. 285, fig. 285, as ca.1632-35)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Story of Decius Mus: The Funeral of Decius. Vaduz, Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein. Includes at the left figures blowing a looped horn and a straight trumpet with an odd bell. At the right figures blow a straight trumpet and another trumpet with a curious bell. (J. R. Judson. Rubens: The Passion of Christ. Turnhout 2000. [CRLB VI] pl. 51 [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.4D5)
[Vrancx-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Sebastian Vrancx (1573-1647). "Antony et Cleopatria e Congressus ad fiumen Cyclnum." engraving. Includes a figure blowing a sort of cornu (?) (with musicians playing viola da braccio, harp and lute). (IB vol. 4, no. 226, p. 203)
Fame: [Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). The Transfer of the Regency to the Dauphin (Medici Series). Paris, Louvre. Includes Fame with a looped, curvy horn or trumpet. (Pantheon 32 [1974] 371)
[Rubens Pa] _______. The Arch of Ferdinand, from the Triuphal Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinana. St. Petersburg Hermitage. oil sketch. Two angels (Fames) blow straight trumpets. (Held cat. no. 160, fig. 161, as 1634)
Hearing (Five Senses): [J I Breughel Pa] Breughel, Jan I (1568-1625). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. Madrid, Prado. Among the many musical instruments are a 4-1/2 or 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn, a tiny 4-1/2? circle tightly coiled horn, two curved hunting horns and a larger, curved hunting or watchman's horn. (B. S. Myers, ed. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art. New York 1969. vol. I, p. 405 [small color reproduction]; Bernt pl.203 [tiny reproduction]; P. Fischer. Music in Paintings of the Low Countries in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Amsterdam 1975. p. 73 [small reproduction]; Kinsky p. 141 [full page, not much help]; van Dyck - Koopman no. 56 [poor reproduction]; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 17 [small color reproduction, not exhibited]; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 201 [not exhibited).; Musica calendar, 1967: 29 October - 11 November [ok reproduction]; Musica calendar, 1984: 14-17 October [ok color reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 68 [1966] 272 [poor reproduction]; Antwerp KmsK Jaarboek 1966, p. 158 [small reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B831.4S1) There is a very ugly engraving by A. J. von Prenner -- from Joseph von Prenner, Theatrum artis pictoriae [1735]. (MgBIV/3, p. 44; Naylor Trumpet and Trombone. no. 213; Antwerp KmsK Jaarboek 1966, p. 159 [small reproduction]) Copy: private collection, Madrid. (Vis. Coll. 374.1.B831.4S[b] [ poor copy]) Replica: ex coll Stuijk, Antwerp, sold Brussels, Palais des Beaux-Arts, 7.XII.1960. (A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 102; Antwerp KmsK Jaarboek 1966, p. 147 [small reproduction]) The coiled horns, hunting/watchman's horn, and the horn with the elaborate, tassled strap appear in a sheet of studies of hunting accessories in the Kunsthalle, Hamburg (see Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters, below).
*** -- more on cards
[J I Breughel-Avont Pa] _______, and Pieter van Avont (1600-1652). Hearing. Paris art market (1955). Includes miscellaneous hunting horns. (sale, Charpentier, 2.XII.1955)
Months/Zodiac: [Ta location unknown] Flemish (Brussels), first half, 17th century. January, from a Twelve Months Series. Location unknown. tapestry. The Border decoration includes two partly visible 4-1/2 circle tightly coiled horns and two curved horns. (Göbel I/2, no. 402, formerly Bracquenié coll. [poor reproduction])
[Matham-Wildens Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Jan Wildens (1586-1658). September, from a Twelve Months series of Rustic Occupations. engraving. Includes a hunter, on foot, blowing a curved horn. (IB vol. 4, no. 229, p. 206)
Music: [BI Antwerp n.d.] Adriaen Collaert after Jan van der Straet (1523-1605) (Johannes Stradanus). Title page of Encomivm mvsices, with the motet Nata et grata by J. Pevernage in choir-book format. Antwerp, Philips Galle, n.d. engraving. Among the countless musical instruments, there are a cornu, a curved horn, and two horns with finger holes. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943 [The Harrow Replicas, 6], as ca.1690; Fraenkel no. 39; Kinsky p. 152 [small reproduction]; Komma p. 112 [fuzzy reproduction]; Pincherle p. 61 [ok reproduction]; MGG I, Taf. XXII [small reproduction])
Seasons: [Pa Vienna KH] Flemish ca. 1600. Amor/Ver, from a series Amor/Spring, Labor/Summer, Honor/Autumn, Dolor/Winter. Vienna KH. Amor plays a lute. Among the objects about him there are a small viol, a cornett or a curved horn, a cittern, an open lute case and a case for flutes. In the background two men, separately, play lutes. Based on an engraved series by Raphael Sadeler (b.1555) after Maarten de Vos (1531/2-1603) (which has no cornett/horn). (Musica calendar, 1979: 11-24 March [fine color reproduction])
Triumph/Victory: See also Old Testament, Other (Judith); Mythology, Tritions (Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite).
Other: [BI Prague 1603] Sadeler, Aegidius II (1568-1629). Title page of Symbola varia diversorum principum, tomus tertius. Prague, Anselm Boetius, 1603. engraving and etching. Includes a draped, striding figure with a staff on one hand, blowing a curved horn with a rusticated bell. There are also military figures at the rear of a procession, blowing two irregularly curved horns with rusticated bells. (IB vol. 72/2 Supplement, no. 7201.384, p. 260)
[BI Antwerp 1608] Boel, Cornelis (ca.1576-p.1621). "Anteit venatio captvm/The chasing goeth before the taking" from Otto van Veen, Amorum Emblemata ... Antwerp, the author, 1608. p. 131. engraving. Amor, as a hunter, blows a curved horn. (R/New York 1979)
[Wildens Pa] Wildens, Jan (1586-1653). Winter Landscape with a Huntsman (1624). Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, no. 1133. A well-dressed man has a partly visible curved (?) horn hanging from a strap. It seems to have a small, shallow cup mouthpiece with a broad rim. (Bernt III, pl.1393; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. p. 74 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited])
See also Mythology, Diana; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
See also Miscellaneous Religious Subjects, Other; Allegory, Months; Allegory, Music.
[Jordaens Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Sitting Piqueur with a Pack of Hounds, from a Scenes from Country Life (tapestry) series. London V & A. drawing. Includes two sharply curved horns in a trophy. unimp. (d'Hulst 1974. no. A87, pl. 96, as ca.1635)
Carnival: [Alsloot Pa] Alsloot, Denis van (1570-1628). Carnival. Amsterdam art market (1926). Includes a mounted group of cornu players (rare in a realistic setting). (Petri sale, Muller, Amsterdam, 30.XI-3.XII.1926 [tiny reproduction])
Fairs/Festivals: [P II Brueghel Pa] Brueghel, Pieter II (1564-1638). Village Festival in Honor of SS. Hubert and Anthony. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum. Includes a mounted figure with a curved horn hung from a strap, a bagpiper, a pipe and tabor player and a drummer. (1960 catalog of paintings, I, no. 1192, pl. 8 [useless reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B834.90[m])
[P II Brueghel Pa] _______, after. Village Festival. St. Petersburg, Hermitage. Includes dancers accompanied by a bagpiper at the banquet hut at the right, a procession or archers led by a drummer, another bagpiper in a cart, circle dancers accompanied by a pipe and tabor player, and a mounted figure with a curved horn. Cf. Pieter II Brueghel, Village Festival in Honor of SS Hubert and Anthony (which accounts for the horn). (G. Bazin. Musée de l'Ermitage. Les grands maîtres de la peinture. Paris 1958. pl. 89 [poor reproduction]; N. N. Nikulin, ed. Niderlandskaia zhivopis' XV-XVI vekov v Ermitazhe. Leningrad 1972. pl. 103; N. Nikulin. Fragments of Some Hermitage Paintings 15th-16th Centuries. Leningrad 1971. no. 41)
[Vinckboons-Swanenburgh Pr] Willem Swanenburgh (1580-1612) after David Vinckboons (1576-ca.1633). Kermis/Village Festival. engraving. Includes children in the left foreground playing violin, recorder (one-hand pipe) and 1-1/2 circle coiled horn (unusual shape). (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 15, p. 104 [ok reproduction])
Garden Parties: [Vrancx Pa] Vrancx, Sebastian (1573-1647). Garden Party. Copenhagen, Statens Museum for Kunst. On the ground beside a musical group, a curved cornett with the curve of a curved horn leans against a lute case. (Budapest SM Bulletin 18 [1961] 53; M. Remnant. Musical Instruments of the West. London 1978. p. 206 [detail]) Cf. Grimmer, below (Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Interiors).
Hunts and Hunters: See also Mythology, Diana; Mythology, Other; Portraits.
[Ta private collection] Flemish (Oudenarde?), first half, 17th century. Boar Hunt. private collection. tapestry. Includes at least three figures with curved horns. (P. Ackerman, ed. A Catalog of the Tapestries in the Collection of Frank Gair Macomber. n.p., n.d. no. 32 [miserable reproduction])
[Ta art market] Flemish (Brussels), ca.1600. The Opposing Armies of Scipio and Hannibal. London art market (1996). tapestry. In the border opposing medallions depict (left) a hunt, with a hunter blowing a curved horn; and (right) a gentleman playing a lute, promenading in a garden with his lady. (Burlington 138 [1996] June ad p. xxvi [ok reproduction])
[Alsloot Pa] Alsloot, Denis van (1570-1628). Return of a Hunter in a Wooded Landscape. private collection. The hunter has a very large curved horn hanging from a strap. (Leppert Theme. pl. CXVIII [fair reproduction])
[J I Breughel Dr] Breughel, Jan I (1568-1625). Hunting Accessories. Hamburg, Kunsthalle. drawing. A sheet of studies of hunting calls and hunting horns, including four curved horns (two with detailed depictions of rather complicated straps), a 5-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn and a tiny 4-1/2 coiled with something sticking out of the center (it looks sort of like a lollipop with a pellet bell instead of candy). One of the curved horns seems to have no mouthpiece, another may have a tiny, shallow cup mouthpiece. Both of the coiled horns seem to have tapered, funnel-shaped mouthpieces. (M. Winner. "Neubestimmtes und Unbestimmtes im zeichnerischen Werk von Jan Brueghel der Ältere." Jahrbuch Berliner Museen 14 [1972] 149) At least three of these seem to appear in the artist's Diana and her Nymphs (Paris, Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature, q.v.); the 5-1/5 circle horn, the one with the tassled straps, and the "lollipop" horn (on the table in the Prado painting) appear in his Hearing (Madrid, Prado), and the little horn with the "lollipop" is in the Hearing in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The curved horn with two tassels and the 5-1/2 circle coiled horn appear in the Landscape with [Diana's] Nymphs and Dead Game (Munich AP).
[Fouquier Pa] Fouquier/Fouquières, Jacques (ca. 1580/90-1659). Hare Hunt. Senlis, Musée de la Venerie. Includes a hunter with a 1-1/2 circle horn. (Revue du Louvre 14 [1964] 171)
[Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Huntsman and his Pack. Lille, Musée. He toots away on a curved horn (einsetzen embouchure). (Leppert Theme. pl. CXVII, as 1626; Lille, Musée, 100 chefs d'oeuvre. Lille 1970. no. 37; exh Brussels MRBA, 1965: Le siècle de Rubens, no. 128, p. 121 [small reproduction], as 1625; Burlington 110 [1968] 268 [tiny reproduction], as 1635)
[Miel Pa] Miel, Jan (1599-1663). Hunters Stopping Beside Ruins. private collection. A hunter/cavalier (on a very small horse) blows a curved horn for no particular reason. Italian setting. (Leppert Theme, pl. CXV [fair reproduction]) Engraved by Jean Levasseur in 1761 as Chasse à L'Oiseau.(Gazette des Beaux-Arts 119 [1992] 105 [small reproduction])
[Rubens Pa] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Landscape with a Boar Hunt. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a figure blowing a 2-1/2? circle coiled horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 26)
[Rubens Dr] _______. Sheet of Studies for a Hunting Scene with a Boar. London BM, costume book fol. 24. drawing. The figures are in 15th-century costume. A hunter with a lance blows a short, fat curved horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 2)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Boar Hunt. Marseilles MBA. Includes a figure blowing a 2-1/2 circle coiled horn (in his mouth as though sucking on it) (no mouthpiece). (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 40, fig. 40) Copy (Studio of Rubens): private collection, Madrid. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 4, copy 1, fig. 41) Drawing after (by P. Soutman?): location unknown. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 4, copy 11, fig. 42) Etching after by P. Soutman. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 4, copy 13, fig. 43) Copy (?): Barcelona art market. (Vis.Coll. 374.1.R823.91[a])
[Rubens Pa] _______. Wolf and Fox Hunt. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Includes a figure blowing a 2-1/2 (?) circle tightly coiled horn. He's one of the uglier and more memorable horn players. It has no mouthpiece (he looks like he's sucking on it). (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 2, fig. 33 [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.R823.91[p]) Studio version: private collection (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 2b, fig. 34) Copy by Edwin Landseer (1802-1873). New York Metropolitan. (exh Boston MFA 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 93 [not exhibited]) Etched by P. Soutman. (BalisRubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 2, copy 11, fig. 37)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Boar Hunt. location unknown. Includes a figure blowing a curved (?) horn. Engraved by P. Soutman. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 24)
[Rubens Pa] _______. Boar Hunt. private collection. oil sketch. Includes a hunter blowing a 2-1/2 (?) circle coiled horn. (Held cat. 225, fig. 235, as ca.1639. One of the Hunts for Philip IV of Spain.)
[Rubens-Snyders Pa] _______, and Frans Snyders (1579-1657). Boar Hunt. Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art. Includes a hunter blowing a 2-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn. The mouthpipe must emerge from the middle of the coils. The bell is bent away from the coils. It is very awkwardly held with a twisted wrist. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 27, fig. 132, 136 [fine detail of the horn player]) Copy: Nîmes MBA. (BalisRubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 27, copy 1, fig. 134) Tapestry (Brussels Daniël Eggermans [the younger?]): ex Vienna KH. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes cat. no. 27, copy 6, fig. 135) Oil sketch: Cleveland Museum of Art. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenescat. no. 27a, fig. 133)
[Savery-Ae II Sadeler Pr] Aegidius (Egidius) II Sadeler (1568-1629) after Roelant Savery (1576-1639). Landscape with a Stag Hunt. engraving. A hunter runs after the stag, blowing his curved horn. (IB vol. 72/2 Supplement, no. 7201.241, p. 40 [ok reproduction])
[Snyders-van Dyck Pa] Snyders, Frans (1579-1657) and Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641). Boar Hunt. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister. Includes a figure blowing a 2-1/2 (?) circle coiled horn. (Balis Rubens Hunting Scenes fig. 23; E. Larsen. The Paintings of Anthony van Duck. Freren 1988. cat. 312, vol. II, p. 128 [small reproduction] Considers this a replica of the painting in Munich [see below]; exh Boston MFA 1993/94: The Age of Rubens. p. 318 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited])
[Snyders-van Dyck Pa] _______, and van Dyck School. Still Life with Hunter. The Hague, Mauritshuis, cat. 258. The hunter has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (Leppert Theme. no. 607, pl. CX -- not a particularly good illustration, why did he bother?)
[Snyders-van Dyck Pa] _______. Boar Hunt. Munich AP. A hunter, at the far right, blows a coiled horn. (E. Larsen. The Painting of Anthony van Dyck. Freren 1988. cat. 311, vol. II, p. 128 [small reproduction, not exhibited]. Considers the Snyders-van Dyck painting in Dresden [see above] a replica of this.)
[Vrancx Dr] Vrancx, Sebastian (1573-1647). Grand chasse au cerf. location unknown. drawing. Shooting in an enclosure. Includes a hunter with a curved horn hung from a strap. Beside the men in the shooting blind, figures sing and play the lute. (Schwerdt vol. III, pl. 239 [fine color reproduction], as ca. 1620)
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees: [CI Brussels 1594] Borcht, Pieter IV van der (1545-1608). Triumphal arch depicting the river Scheldt reopened, in the triumphal entry of Archduke Ernest, 30 January 1594, from Jan Boghe, Descriptio publicae gratulationis ... Antwerp 1595. engraving. Includes two "Tritons" with shell horns. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 58)
Village/Rustic Scenes: [Vinckboons Pa] Vinckboons, David (1576-1631/33). A Jew's Harp Peddler in a Village (1614). private collection. Includes a child holding a little 2-1/2 circle coiled horn (no bell flare). (K. Goossens. David Vinckboons. Antwerp 1954. frontispiece [color reproduction], p. 119 [details])
[Vrancx-Matham Pr] Jacob Matham (1571-1631) after Sebastian Vrancx (1573-1647). Christ at Emaus/Italian Village Scene. engraving. A peasant figure at an outdoor table beside an inn has a curved horn hanging from a strap. (IB vol. 4, no. 224, p. 201)
Parties/Music Parties: [A Grimmer Pa] Grimmer, Abel (p.1590-a.1619). Renaissance Interior with Figures. Rotterdam, Museum Boymans van Beuningen. I think it' s a high-class brothel with music provided by an ensemble of two lutes, cello, singer and what is probably a curved cornett, but the curve is very horn-like, which may be deliberate. After all, Moon, one of whose emblems is the horn, is the patroness of prostitutes (ladies of the night). (Vis. Coll. 374.G885.90[a])
Cowherds: [Jordaens Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Homage to Ceres (Allegory of Fruitfulness). London, Courtauld Institute, Witt Collection. drawing. A cowherd blows a looped horn with a rusticated bell. (d'Hulst 1974, no. A67, pl. 76 [ok reproduction], as ca.1623-25)
Fountain Figures: [Sc Huy] Anon., 1597? Figure on top of a fountain seems to blow a little horn. Huy, Marketplace. bronze fountain figure. (P. Clemen, ed. Belgische Kunstdenkmäler. Munich 1923. vol. I, p. 176 [useless reproduction]. The figures around the edge of the fountain are from 1406, but apparently the little horn [?] player is from 1597.)
Other: [Jordaens Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Travellers. Paris Louvre. drawing. Includes a man riding a donkey, blowing a curved horn. (d'Hulst 1974. cat. A260, fig. 276 [ok reproduction], as ca.1645-50, probably illustrating an unidentified Biblical incident)
[Rubens Dr] Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640). Man Blowing a Horn. Besançon, Musée. drawing. He blows a 1-1/4 circle horn. unimp. (N. Dufourcq, ed. La Musique: Les hommes, les instruments, les oeuvres. Paris 1965. vol. I, p. 222)
Jephthah: [Ta Paris Gobelins] French (Paris, Atelier des Galeries du Louvre, cartoon after Simon Vouet). The Daughter of Jephthah. Paris, Musée des Gobelins. tapestry. Does one of the followers of the Daughter of Jephthah blow a curved horn? (J. Niclausse. Le Musée des Gobelins. Paris 1938. no. 28, pl. XIII)
Triumph of David: [Le Nain Pa] Le Nain, Matthieu (ca. 1607-1677), attr. The Triumph of David. London art market (1962). Includes two players of cornui. (sale, Christie's, London, 18 May 1962, no. 40 [poor reproduction ])
[Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665). Triumph of David. Dulwich, Gallery. Includes a figure blowing a cornu. It's not a big step from this cornu to an open-hooped trompe de chasse. (Mirimonde Iconographie musicale. vol. I, fig. 78; C. Wright. Poussin. Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1985. cat. no. 68, p. 48 [color reproduction]; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. III.5, p. 221 [ok color reproduction], as ca.1628-p.1631; Burlington 90 [1948] 5; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 69 [1967] 14 [ok reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 79 [1972] 145 [detail]) Engraved J. F. Ravenet. (Burlington 113 [1971] 168)
Gideon: [Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665), attr. Victory of Gideon over the Midianites. Rome, Pinacoteca Vaticana. Military figures have looped horns/trumpets, trumpet and straight trumpet. (C. Wright. Poussin. Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1985. cat. no. 5, p. 129 [color reproduction]; CR Paris 1958: Poussin. vol. II, fig. 305 after p. 278; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 79 [1972] 145 [detail])
Other: [Ne Untermyer] French, ca. 1600. Scenes from the Story of Esther. private collection. needlework panel. Figures include a herald blowing a sort of cornu. (Y. Hackenbroch. English and other needlework, tapestries and textiles in the Irwin Untermyer Collection. Cambridge MA 1960. [The Irwin Untermyer Collection, (4)] pl. 137)
[Stella Pa] Stella, Jacques (1596-1657). Solomon Worshipping Idols. Lyons MBA. Rejoicing women in the foreground play cymbals, jingle ring, nakers, sistrum and tambourine. Men in the background play three curved horns/trumpets. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 123 [March 1994] La chronique des arts no. 1502, p. 9 [small reproduction])
Passion -- Via dolorosa: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Via dolorosa/"Quid Simon huic tentes ...," from the Great Passion. etching. Includes a herald riding on a camel blowing a huge reverse-curve horn (sort of). (E. de T. Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 53, as 1618-24; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 84, as 1618-1625; J. Lieure. Jacques Callot. Iième partie. Catalogue de l'oeuvre gravé. Paris 1924. fig. 286; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot ... [Paris] 1969. p. 120 [fair reproduction])
Actaeon: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures, Other.
Adonis: [Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665). The Death of Adonis. Caen, MBA. On the ground there is a little 2-1/2 circle tightly coiled horn with the mouthpipe emerging from the center of the coils. (C. Wright. Poussin. Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1985. cat. no. 12, p. 28 [small color reproduction]; 1928 catalog, no. 154 [poor reproduction]; exh Washington DC, etc., 1960-61: The Splendid Century: French Art 1600-1715. no. 62, pl. 62; CR Paris 1958: Poussin. vol. I, fig. 96, after p. 132; Connoisseur 146 [1960] 45 [fair reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 137 [2001] 63 [small color reproduction])
[Poussin Pa] _______, attr. Venus and Adonis. Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum. There is a little 2-1/2 coiled horn on the ground at the left, with the mouthpipe emerging from the center of the coils. Formerly Cook Collection. (C. Wright. Poussin. Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1985. cat. no. 14, p. 31 [color reproduction]; sale, Sotheby's 25 June 1958; Burlington 100 (1958) June ad p. xiii; Burlington 130 [1988] 618, 959, notes exh Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum, 1988: Poussin, The Early Years in Rome: The Origins of French Classicism, which is the same as the book by the same title by K. Oberhuber. New York 1988; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 107 [March 1986] La chronique des arts no. 1406, p. 28) Anthony Blunt (Burlington 104 [1966] 492-493) considers this master a falsifier of Poussin and dubs the artist the "Master of the Clumsy Children." There are several versions of this. Drawing after (?) this, London British Museum (Burlington 130 [1988] 959)
[Poussin Pa] _______. Venus and Adonis. Montpellier, Musée Fabre. Adonis' horn is on the ground. (Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 50 [Winter 1992-93] 9 [miserable reproduction])
[Poussin Pa] _______. Venus and Adonis. Northhampton, Smith College MofA. At the left, a coiled horn. (1937 catalog, pl. 29 [unclear reproduction])
Bacchanals: [Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665), attr. Bacchanal. London art market (1948). Includes a figure with an odd cornu. (sale, Sotheby's, 15.XII.1948, cat. no. 109)
Diana: See also Mythology, Other (Otus and Ephialtes); Portraits
[Deruet Pa] Deruet, Claude (ca.1588-1660). Diana. Nancy, Musée historique Lorrain. Diana has a curved horn. (Guide artistique de la France. Paris 1964. p. 185 [minuscule reproduction])
[Deruet Pa] _______. Allegory on the Marriage of Louis XIV. Versailles, Palais. Includes a female figure (Diana?) playing a curved horn. (Vis. Coll. 375. D449.4L)
Tritons/Sea Creatures: [BI Paris 1624] Caus, Solomon de (ca. 1576-1626). Machine, whereby a Neptune will be represented circularly about a rick, with some other figures, which cast forth water in turning, from Solomon de Caus, Les raisons des forces mouvantes. Paris 1624. engraving. Includes two Tritons blowing shell horns. (exh Washington, D. C., Dumbarton Oaks, 1977: Fons sapientiae. Garden Fountains in Illustrated Books ... no. 6, p. 13)
[CI Nancy 1627] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Cet entreé est de Monsieur le Comte de Brionne Grand Chambelan de son Altesse, representant Jason, from Henri Humbert, Combat à la barrière. Nancy 1627. pl. 42. etching. Procession as part of the festivities for the official entry into Nancy of Marie de Rohan, Duchess of Chevreuse, 14 February 1627. The Argo is surrounded by "Tritons", including several playing variously curved and undulating horns. (H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 205)
[Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665). The Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Philadelphia M of A. Includes Tritons playing an undulating horn with a rusticated bell and a very partly visible shell horn. (C. Wright. Poussin. Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1985. cat. no. 80, p. 54 [color reproduction]; Burlington 137 [1995] 15 [ok reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 72 [1968] 132 [minuscule reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 137 [2001] 66 [small reproduction]) Engraved by Jean Pesne (1623-1700) (CR Paris 1958: Poussin. vol. II, fig. 39 after p. 116 [ok reproduction]) Engraved by Jean Pesne (1623-1700). (Gazette des Beaux-Arts [May-June 1999] La Chronique des Arts no. 1564-65, p. 22 [small reproduction])
[Poussin-Garnier Pr] Antoine Garnier (op. 1625-1646) after Poussin. "Ralut sua quemque voluptas." engraving. Includes a Triton playing a shell horn. (CR Paris, 1958: Poussin. vol. I, pl. 245 after p. 282 [fine reproduction], with subject as Acis and Galatea or the wedding of Peleas)
Other: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures, Other; Emblems.
[Ta Genoa] French (Paris, atelier of Frans van den Planken and Marc de Comans), ca. 1620. The Story of Diana: Otus and Ephialtes. Genoa, Palazzo Real. tapestry. Two figures (Otus and Ephialtes?) have reverse-curve horns hanging from straps. unimp. (Göbel II/2, pl. 47 [fair reproduction])
[Poussin Pa] Poussin, Nicholas (1593/4-1665). The Marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Dublin NGI. Is there a figure blowing a shell horn? very unimp. (C. Wright. Poussin Paintings. A Catalogue Raisonné. New York 1984. cat. no. 47, p. 158 [color reproduction]; B. Boydell. Music and Paintings in the National Gallery of Ireland. Dublin 1985. p. 52 [poor reproduction], 53 [poor detail]; exh Paris, Palais National des Arts, 1937: Chefs-d'oeuvre de l'art français. vol. I, no. 48, p. 131)
[Ta Hildesheim Dom] French (Paris, atelier of Frans van den Planken and Marc de Comans), ca. 1615. The Story of Artemisia: The Coronation. Hildesheim, Dom, Rittersaal. tapestry. Figures include a cornu player. (Die Künstdenkmäler der Provinz Hessen, II/4: Hildesheim, Kirchliche Bauten. Hannover 1911. pl. XV; Göbel II/2, pl. 37 [useless reproduction])
[Ta Karlsruhe BLM] _______, ca. 1620. Boar Hunt, from Il Pastor Fido. Karlsruhe BLM. tapestry. Figures include three hunters with curved horns. (Göbel II/2, pl. 63, text p. 96, as probably part of an Actaeon or Meleager series; Brüchle and Janetzky 1976, p. 55; Badisches Landesmuseum, Karlsruhe. Neuerwerbungen 1952-1965. p. 121)
[Ta Paris Mobilier] _______, (Cartoon by Peter Paul Rubens), commissioned 1620-22. The Story of Constantine: The Defeat of Licinius. Paris, Mobilier National. tapestry. Includes a military figure with a looped, reverse-curve horn or trumpet. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 67 [1966] 281)
Months: [Boutemie Pr] Boutemie, Denis (doc. ca.1607). April, from a Twelve Months series. engraving. The personification is a dandy, slightly grotesque figure prancing along, blowing a curved horn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 70, 72, as perhaps 1638)
Music: [BI Paris 1619] "Musique"/Music, from Christofle de Savigny, Tableaux accomplis de tous les arts liberaux. Paris 1619 [first edition 1578]. Border of musical instruments includes a faceted (octagonal) horn. unimp. (Imago musicae 1 (1984) 87)
Other: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
[Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). A Siren between Two Ships, from the Light of the Cloister (1646), no. 17. The Siren blows a shell horn. (E. de T. Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 156)
[BI Lyons 1583] Anon. Passe-partout title-page border of the Lyons publisher Barthélemy Vincent. woodcut. Numerous unplayed musical instruments including a reverse-curve horn/trumpet with an animal-head bell and a reverse-curve horn. unimp. (Fraenkel no. 37, for Pascal de L'Estocart, Cent cinquante Psaumes de David, Lyons 1583)
[Boutemie Pr] Boutemie, Denis (doc.ca.1607). Design for a cup ("Stances, a Mr Hesselin ...") (1636). engraving. A grotesque, winged figure, blows a curved horn (rusticated bell). unimp. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 66 [small reproduction])
[Carteron Pr] Carteron, Etienne (ca.1593-1633). Title-engraving of Stephanus Carteron ... [a collection of decorative designs] (1614). engraving. Two winged figures blow reverse-curved horns/trumpets with animal-head bells. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 83 [minuscule reproduction])
Hunts and Hunters: See also Mythology, Diana; Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures.
[BI Paris 1625] Anon. Title page of Charles IX, King of France, Le Chasse Royale. Paris, Nicolas Rousset and Gervais Alliot, 1625. engraving. A stag hunt, with a mounted hunter blowing a deeply curved horn. unimp. (Schwerdt I, pl. 45; Schwerdt sale, Sotheby's 1939, cat. I, pl. 12, opp. p. 56)
[Bellange Dr] Bellange, Jacques (fl. 1602-1617), attr. (also attr. Hendrik Goltzius [1558-1616]). Stag Hunt. Nancy, Musée Lorrain. drawing. Incudes a mounted hunter with a curved horn. unimp. (Nancy, capitale de la Lorraine. Nancy 1966. p. 68)
***See cat. of Royal Academy, Winter exh, 1958: The Age of Louis XIV
[Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Stag Hunt/La grande chasse. etching. Includes several hunters, mounted and on foot, with curved horns, including a fallen hunter, still clutching his horn. (E. de T. Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 73 [ok reproduction]. Notes that it was probably first printed in Florence in 1619, then retouched and printed in Nancy in 1624. He reproduces the 1619 print.; Daniel no. 90; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot, miroir de son temps. (Paris) 1969. p. 172 [the 1624 print? -- note the greater definition of the hill and buildings in the left background])
[Callot Pr] _______. Stag Hunt near the Manor, from Landscapes for Jean de'Medici (1618). etching. A very pretty landscape in an Italian setting, with a mounted hunter blowing a curved horn in the left center foreground. (E. de T. Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 47 [ok reproduction])
[Fornageris Pr] Fornageris, Jacques de (16th-17th century). Allegory of Well-Being under the Reign of Marie de Medici. engraving. In the background there is a hunter with a curved horn. (A. P. de Mirimonde. Astrologie et musique. Geneva 1977. pl. 59)
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades: See also Mythology, Tritons.
Other: [CI Paris 1613] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Fireworks for the Feast of St. Louis, Paris, Place St. Paul, 1613. etching. Three figures in a boat seem to blow large, curved horns (probably trumpets?), (Wüthrich no. 74, Abb. 52)
Comedians: [Pr Anon.] Anon, early 17th century (?). "Voila le drolle de Gille." engraving. Gilles holds up a looped horn. (Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo, vol. 5, p. 1291)
Costume/Character Series: [Rabel Dr] Rabel, Daniel (1578-1637). "Country Musicians," design for the ballet de cour Les fées de la forêt de Saint-Germain (1625). Paris Louvre CdD. drawing. "Hunters" blow curved horns. One of them holds a lute. They are preceded by a "female" figure (on stilts) who has four lutes dangling from "her" waist. (Early Music 21 [1993] 473 [small reproduction])
[Pr Anon.] Anon. "Rhebus sur les miseres de la France" (1613). pub. Paris, Jean IV Leclerc. woodcut. A rebus. A curved horn represents the "cor" of "encore." (exh New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995: The French Renaissance in Prints from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. no. 165, p. 422, with realization of the rebus)
H3 align="center"> [DACH] GERMAN, AUSTRIAN AND SWISS ARTISTSGideon: [Greuter Pr] Greuter, Matthäus (ca. 1564-1638). Gideon, from a series of Old Testament and Classical Heroes and Heroines. engraving. He carries a looped, undulating horn or trumpet. He also carried a torch, a broken pot and a severed head. On the gound is the fleece and the crown which Gideon declined. (For the significance of these symbols see Judges 6, 34; 6, 36-37; 7, 16; 7, 19, and 8, 21-23.) (Hollstein [German] XII, no. 5, p. 110)
[König Dr] König, Johann (1586-1642). i>Gideon's Victory over the Medianites, from the Stammbuch of Herzog Philipp II of Pommern-Stettin (the "Album Philippicum"). Augsburg, Städtische Kunstsammlung. water color miniature. With two groups of soldiers with ca. 30 cornui and straight trumpets. (exh. Augsburg, Rathaus and Holbeinhaus, 1968: Augsburger Barock. cat. no. 270, fig. 121, as ca.1615)
Other: [BI Frankfurt am Main 1619] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Samuel Anointing Saul, from Robert Fludd, Utriusque Cosmi ... Historia, II/1, Sectio 2, p. 3. Frankfurt am Main, Johann Theodor de Bry, 1619. etching. Samuel pours oil from a reverse-curve horn (it even has a mouthpiece). (Wüthrich 1972, no. 66, Abb. 45)
Last Judgement: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees
Nativity: [Aachen-A Sadeler Pr] Aegidius Sadeler (1570-1629) after Hans von Aachen (1552-1615). Nativity. engraving. In the border, the Annunciation to the shepherds. Mottoes emerge from two looped horns. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII, no. 20, p. 8, as by Jan van Achen)
[Stelzer Wsc] Stelzer, Hans (doc.1628). Nativity (Krippe) (1628). Füssen, ehem. Benediktinerstift St. Mang. carved wooden creche. One of the figures is a shepherd with an alphorn. (P. Mertin. Das vormalige Benediktinerstift St. Mang zu Füssen. Füssen 1965. p. 141 [fuzzy reproduction])
Passion -- Mocking/Flagellation of Christ: [Sc Vienna Stephansdom] Austrian, ca.1580. The Crowning with Thorns. Vienna, Stephansdom. carved sandstone, originally polychromed. Includes a figure blowing a curved horn. (exh Vienna, Oesterreichisches Museum, 1948: Der Stephansdom. Geschichte, Denkmäler, Wiederaufbau. no. 180, fig. 20)
[König Pa] König, Johann(1586-1642). The Mocking of Christ (1637). private collection. Figures include a youth blowing a large animal horn. (Vom Aufgang der Neuzeit. Handbuch von Gemälden des europäischen Manierismus. Katalog der Sammlung der Familie [Günther] Grzimek. Ravensburg [1966]. unnumbered pl.)
Passion -- Via dolorosa: [Ägeri Pa] Ägeri, Durs von (doc.1582). Via dolorosa (1582). Kloster Mehrerau bei Bregenz (ex former Cistercian cloister Gnadenthal), altar. Includes a herald blowing a curved trumpet or long, curved horn. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 54: Kanton Aargau IV. Basel 1966. p. 325)
Gabriel/Mystic Hunt of the Unicorn: See also Saints, St. Hubert/Eustache.
[Ta Rapperswil] Swiss, 1607. The Mystic Hunt of the Unicorn. Rapperswil, Heimatmuseum. wool tapestry. A very feminine angel blows a curved horn. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 53: Kanton St. Gallen IV. Basel 1966. p.474; Unsere Kunstdenkmäler 16 [1965] 161)
St. Hubert/Eustache: [Sc Klotten] Anon. 1628. St. Hubert. Klotten, Kath. Pfarrkirche. carved sandstone altarpiece. St. Hubert's servant has a little looped horn hung by a strap. (Die Kunstdenkmäler von Rheinland-Pfalz, III/2: Landkr. Cochem. [Munich?] 1959. p. 540 [useless reproduction]; A. Friedrichs. Klotten ... Neuss 1969. [Rheinische Kunststätten 1969. H. 8] p. 9 [poor reproduction])
[Stöcklin Dr] Stöcklin, Peter (1592-1652). St. Hubert (1619). London V & A. drawing (Scheibenriss). The Saint (freely after Dürer), has a little curved horn at his waist. Across the bottom The Mystic Hunt of the Unicorn, with Gabriel with a curved horn (an interesting juxtaposition). (P. L. Ganz. Die Basler Glasmaler der Spätrenaissance und der Barockzeit. Basel 1966. Abb. 168)
Diana: See also Decorative Elements.
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1598] Anon. Title page of Egbert Jansz, Icones venantum ... Frankfurt am Main, Johann Theodor and Johann Israel de Bry, 1598. engraving. Diana holds a tiny curved horn. (Schwerdt vol. I, pl. 73)
Muses: [BI Nuremberg 1589] Anon. Title page of Lasso, Fasciculi aliquot sacrarum cantionum. Nuremberg, Gerlach, 1589. engraving. One of the Muses plays a large, reverse-curve trumpet or horn. There is also a reverse-curve horn among the many unplayed musical instruments. (Fraenkel no. 46; MGG VIII, col. 266)
[Angermair Iv] Angermair, Christoph (ca. 1580-1633). Muses. Munich BNM. ivory relief on a coin chest. Apparently Clio files above, blowing a slightly curved horn or trumpet. The other Muses play positive organ, violin, double bass, harp, lute and triangle. Another sings and another holds a shawm (?). (Alte und moderne Kunst 17/H.122 [1972] 3 [ok reproduction])
[Kilian Pr] Kilian, Wolfgang (1581-1662). The Muse Euterpe, from Musae IX. engraving. She plays a cornett and a putto plucks at a bass viol or cello. Other instruments are not played: reverse-curve horn with finger-holes, lute, bladder pipe, crumhorn, bagpipe, cornett. (MGG X, col. 1334)
Tritons: [Sc Bremen Rathaus] Anon, ca. 1608-1614? Triton. Bremen, Rathaus. sculpture. He blows an undulating, ribbed horn. (R. Stein. Romanische, Gotische und Renaissance-Baukunst in Bremen. Bremen 1962. p. 585)
See also Allegory, Triumph/Victory (Caesar).
[Merian-Tempesta Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650) (after Antonio Tempesta). Battle Scene. etching. Includes a phalanx of lancers with figures blowing a sharply curved (almost 1 1/4 circle -- blown by a man with a turban) horn with a rusticated bell, and a horn looped at the distal end. This group is in contrast to another phalanx of lancers in Western costume and with a trumpeter. (Wüthrich no. 307, Abb. 138)
[Wägmann Pa] Wägmann, Hans Heinrich (1557-ca.1628), attr. Charlemagne grants the Harsthörner to Lucerne. Lucerne, Kapellbrücke, no. 25 of the cycle of pictures. Includes at least one figure with a curved horn. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 30: Kanton Luzern II. Basel 1953. p. 90 [poor reproduction], as after 1611) Note also a lithograph by the Lucerne firm Gebrüder Eglin (pub. 1828) after drawings by Jakob Schwegler after a painting by Hans Heinrich Wägmann. Charlemagne has one Harsthorn in his hand, while a civic figure blows another that Charlemagne has just given him (rather like God passing out the trumpets of the Apocalypse). (Die Giebelbilder der Kapellbrücke in Luzern. Luzern 1956. no. 25, as by Wägmann, ca. 1614)
Dance of Death: [Meglinger Pa] Meglinger, Kaspar (1595-ca.1670). Death and the Ratsherr. Lucerne, Spreuerbrücke. Death has a looped horn hanging from a strap. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 369 [after Synnberg und Rüttger. Der Todtentanz, Gemälde auf der Mühlenbrücke in Luzern. Lucerne 1889])
[Meglinger Pa] _______. Death and the Probst (Chorherr). Death has a fingered horn. (Hammerstein, Tanz ... Abb. 365 [after Synnberg und Rüttger])
Elements: Plepp Dr] Plepp, Hans Jakob (a.1556-p.1595). Arms (perhaps of a Herr von Taxis) and the Four Elements (1591). Basel KsK. drawing (Scheibenriss). The figure for Air has a looped, reverse-curve(?) horn. (P. L. Ganz. Die Basler Glasmaler der Spätrenaissance und der Barockzeit. Basel 1966. Abb. 86)
Fame: [BI Frankfurt am Main 1582] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). Title-page vignette from Künstliche wolgerissene new Figuren von allerlai Jag vnd Weidtwerck. Frankfurt am Main, Sigmund Feyerabend, 1582. woodcut. Fame plays a reverse-curve horn or trumpet. unimp. (Schwerdt I, pl. 19)
Heaven and Hell: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees.
Life and Death: [BI Frankfurt am Main 1619] Montenay (Montanea), Georgette. Death cuts the rope to the screw with which the king opresses the world, from Cento emblemi christiani. Frankfurt am Main, G. C. Vnckel, 1619. engraving. Death has a (watchman's?) horn. (D. Briesemeister. Bilder des Todes. Unterscheidheim 1970. Abb. E 110)
[Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). "Qvia nescitis qva hora D s." engraving. Among the decaying objects at Death's feet are a looped, reverse-curve horn, and a frame drum. There is also a trumpet which still seems in pretty good shape. (Wüthrich no. 69, Abb. 46, as 1613/14)
Months/Zodiac: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts.
[Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). November, from a Twelve Months series (1610). etching. The figures include a mounted hunter with a tiny curved horn swinging behind him from a strap. (Wüthrich no. 22, Abb. 22)
Seasons: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts.
War and Peace: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Post Riders.
[Sc Bremen Rathaus] Anon, ca. 1608-1614? Allegorical figures of War and Peace. Bremen, Rathaus. sculpture. War is a winged military figure blowing a large, reverse-curve horn with a rusticated bell. (R. Stein. Romanische, Gotische und Renaissance-Baukunst in Bremen. Bremen 1962. p. 583)
Other: Dietterlin, Wendel (1550-1599). The Corinthian Order, from his Architectura. Nuremberg1598. engraving. A hunter, dressed in animal skins (and opposite Mercury with straight trumpet and caduceus), has a reverse-curve horn hanging from a strap. Above them Jupiter and Juno in a very suggestive position. (The FantasticEngraving of Wendel Dietterlin. The 203 Plates of his Architectura. New York 1968. p. not recorded)
[BI Nuremberg 1602] Anon. "Fixa dum sede quiescant" (If you stay in the same place), from Nicolaus Taurellus, Emblemata physico-ethica ... Nuremberg, Christoph Lochner, 1602, p. I4. woodcut. Includes a hunter with a curved horn. (Rabbits and people should keep moving if they want to get anywhere.) unimp. (Henkel and Schöne col. 1106)
[BI Nuremberg 1625] Anon. "Afflictus Christus asylum," from Johann Mannich, Sacra emblemata. Nuremberg, Johannes Friedrich Sartori, 1625. engraving. A horn on a standard on a cornerstone. An emblem of Christ as refuge. (Henkel and Schöne col. 1865)
See also Decorative Elements; Miscellaneous Figures, Putti; Miscellaneous Figures, Watchmen.
[BI Stuttgart 1616] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Title page of Repraesentatio der Furstlichen Aufzug und Ritterspil. Stuttgart, Esaias van Hulsen, 1616. etching. Mars holds the coat of arms of Württemberg, which are topped by a deeply curved horn. (Hollstein [German] XXV, no. 51, p. 117; Wüthrich no. 142, Abb. 99)
[coin private collection] German, late-16th - early 17th century. Pfennig from Württemberg during the rule of Friedrich II (r.1593-1608). private collection. silver coin. Includes a curved horn between the initials F[riedrich] H[erzog]. (Brüchle & Janetzky 1976. p. 60)
[Gl Zürich SLM] Swiss, 1600. Allianzscheibe Schlumpf (St. Gallen) - Reutlinger. Zürich SLM. stained glass. The Schlumpf coat of arms includes three Harsthörner. (J. Schneider. Glasgemälde. Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums Zürich. [Stafa 1971] vol. II, no. 439)
[Gl Zürich SLM] Swiss, 1613. Allianzscheibe Schlumpf - Schlappritzi. Zürich SLM. stained glass. The Schlumpf coat of arms includes three fancy horns (Harsthörner). (J. Schneider. Glasgemälde. Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums Zürich. [Stafa 1971] vol. II, no. 493)
[Kilian Pr] Kilian, Lucas (1579-1637). Portrait of the Swedish General Gustav Horn (1634). engraving. Includes a curved horn on his coat of arms. (Hirth no. 1830)
[Master HW Fr] Monogrammist HW. Arms of the Zürich Stand (1581). Sargans, Schloss, Landesgerichtssaal. wall painting. Includes a curved horn and a bell. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 25: Kanton St. Gallen I. Sargans 1951. p. 361)
See also Heraldic.
See also Mythology, Muses; Miscellaneous Figures, Angels; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Hunts and Hunters.
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1580] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). Title page of Opera Iosephi Viri inter Iudaeus Doctissimi (Opera Josephi). Frankfurt am Main 1580. woodcut. At the left border a man holds a leafy branch and a long, reverse-curve horn. A the right border a woman blows a partly semicircular, reverse-curve horn. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 331 [small reproduction])
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1591] Anon. Title-page border of Johann de Castro, Cantiones sacrae ... Frankfurt am Main, Johann Wechel, 1591. woodcut. Includes a trophy with a curved horn with three finger holes (also a lute, bagpipe, case of flutes, cornett, folded trumpet and one more). probably unimp. (Fraenkel no. 53)
[BI Nuremberg 1582] Anon. Title-page border of Orlando di Lasso, Fascicvle aliqvot sacrarvm cantionvm ... Nuremberg, Gerlach, 1582. woodcut. Among the many musical instruments there is a reverse curve horn. (very) unimp. (Fraenkel no. 46)
[Gl Zürich SLM] Swiss, 1592. Wappenscheibe of Josua von Moosheim. Zürich SLM. stained glass. Includes a musical trophy with a curved horn, bagpipe, trumpet, and other instruments. (J. Schneider. Glasgemälde. Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums Zürich. [Stafa 1971] vol. II, no. 397)
[Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Arabeske 13. etching. Includes a military trophy with a reverse-curve horn, trumpets and kettledrums. unimp. (Wüthrich no. 130, Abb. 89)
[Merian Pr] _______. Arabeske 14. etching. Includes musical trophies with variously curved horns, including one with a reverse-curve horn with an animal-head bell. (Wüthrich no. 131, Abb. 90)
[Merian Pr] _______, attr. Putti as Goldsmiths. etching. Includes a trophy with a curved horn (? -- partly visible), a viola da braccio, a lute and a cornett. very unimp. (Wüthrich no. 134, Abb. 93, 94 -- doubts that it is Merian)
Battles: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures, Other.
Hunts and Hunters: See also Allegory, Months/Zodiac; Allegory, Other; Decorative Elements.
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1582] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). Title page vignette of Neuw Jag vnnd Weydwerck Buch ... Frankfurt am Main, Sigmund Feyerabend, 1582. woodcut. Includes a hunter in the left margin with a curved horn (very partly visible) at his back. very unimp. (Schwerdt I, pl. 20)
[BI Frankfurt am Main 1629/30] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Hunt, from Philip Sidney, Arcadia. Frankfurt am Main, M. Merian, 1629/30. etching. Includes a hunter with a curved horn hanging from a strap. unimp. (Wüthrich 1972, no. 45, Abb. 25)
[BI Hasleben 1629] Anon. Title page of Hasen Jagt. Hasleben 1629. engraving. A rather caricatural hare hunt with a hunter carrying a lance and blowing a curved horn. unimp. (Schwerdt I, pl. 73)
[Gl art market] German (Upper Franconia), late-16th century. Würzburg art market (1974). painted enamelled glass Humpen. Includes a hunter (musket held upright in his other hand) blowing a tiny, straight horn (rather like a foxhorn). (very) unimp. (Burlington 116 [1974] May ad p. li)
[Sc Grillenburg] Anon., ca. 1600. Two huntsmen. ex? Grillenburg, Schlossgarten. stone garden figures. They have little curved horns. Already in 1904 at least one was, alas, a restoration. (Beschreibende Darstellung der älteren Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des Kgr. Sachsen, 24: Dresden-Altstadt. Dresden 1904. p. 44)
[Wo/Iv art market] S. German, ca. 1600. Powder flask with hunting scenes and portraits of an Elector (Kurfürst) of the Pfalz and his wife. Bad Schussenried art market. Walnut inlaid with engraved ivory. Two of the hunters blow curved horns. (Die Weltkunst 55 [1985] 2917)
[Bang Pr] Bang, Theodor (doc. 1606-1611). Ornament with Hunters. engraving. Two hunters have reverse-curve horns, one played, one hung from a strap. (Alte und moderne Kunst 15/H.110 [1970] 5, as ca. 1620)
[Maurer Pr] Maurer, Christoph (1558-1614). Stag Hunt. etching (tondo). A hunter, with a lance and dogs, runs along blowing his curved horn. Unimportant for horn, but one of the nicer hunting landscapes. (Hirth no. 1453; Schwerdt vol. III, pl. 198, with date 1610)
[Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). La Chasse Royalle (1614). etching. Two mounted hunters have curved horns hung from straps, and a hunter on foot has a little looped horn hung from a strap. (Wüthrich no. 76, Abb. 53; Hollstein [German] XXV, no. 146, p. 132)
[Merian Pr] _______. Hunts. etching. There are hunts (some after Tempesta) by Merian with curved horns, played or hung from straps in Wüthrich no. 29/Abb. 29, no. 30/Abb. 30, no. 31/Abb. 31, no. 237/Abb. 116, no. 238/Abb. 117, no. 239/Abb. 118, no. 387/Abb.177, no. 391/Abb.181, no. 405/Abb. 185, no. 409/Abb. 189.
[Merian Pr] _______. Catching a Dragon with a Net. etching. A fanciful hunt with members of the hunting party blowing a large reverse-curve horn, a sharply curved reverse-curve horn, a looped horn, and an undulating horn with spiral ribbing (played by a fellow with a turban). There are also a couple of players of curved horns or trumpets, and a kettle drummer. (Wüthrich no. 182, p. 183)
[Merian Pr] _______. Passe-partout title page border. etching. Includes twelve roundels depicting occupations, including hunting, with a hunter blowing a curved horn. (Wüthrich no. 86a, Abb. 73, from Thomas Garzoni, Piazza Universale. [Frankfurt am Main, Lucas Jennis, 1619])
[Merian Pr] _______. "Hiltelingen." etching. Includes a woman leaning against a tree, playing a lute to the man reclining against her (an "Idle Man"). There is a hare hunt in the background, perhaps with a hunter blowing a curved horn. (Hirth no. 1602, as an allegory of Summer. This is not exactly the same as the one illustrated in Wüthrich.; H. Niester. Burgen und Schlösser in Baden. Frankfurt am Main 1961. fig. 96, as Haltingen, Kreis Lorrach, Schloss, destroyed several decades after the etching; M. Schefold. Alte ansichten aus Baden. Weissenhorn 1970. pl. 176; Wüthrich vol. I, no. 490, Abb. 270, as ca. 1622-24, as "das ehem. Weiherschloss Hiltalingen bei Basel im Monat Mai.")
[Mirou Pa] Mirou, Anton (ca. 1586-ca.1661). Wooded River Landscape with Hunters Resting (1599). London art market (1978). Includes a hunter on foot, keeping up with a mounted hunter while blowing a curved horn. It must not have been easy. (Die Weltkunst 48 [1978] 405 [nice color reproduction])
[Schaller Me] Schaller, Matthäus (ca.1580-1652). Stag Hunt. Munich art market (ex coll. Baron Karl Rothschild). silver gilt tray. Includes a mounted hunter with a tiny curved horn hanging from a strap. (Burlington 116 [December 1974] Notable Works pl. XXXIII, as ca. 1610)
Pastorales: [Mirou Dr] Mirou, Anton (ca. 1586-ca.1661). Village Along a Stream, with a Cowherd Blowing a Horn. Berlin Ksk, cat. no. 12095. drawing. The prominent cowherd blows a curved horn. (Wüthrich Abb. 366, as 1617) Etched by Matthaeus I Merian. (Wüthrich no. 585, Abb. 365, as ca. 1620-22)
Post Riders: [Pa Schloss Ambras] Austrian?, second half, 16th century. Postreise of Erzherzog Ferdinand II to Brussels. Schloss Ambras (Tirol) Inv. GG5682. Two postriders have curved horns, one blown, one hung from a strap. (W. Salmen. Bilder zur Geschichte der Musik in Österreich. Innsbruck 1979. p. 47 [detail])
[Pr Anon.] Anon. "Post Bott" (1621). woodcut. He gallops along, blowing a little curved horn. (E. Kiesskalt. Die Entstehung der deutschen Post ... Erlangen [1938]. p. 403)
[Hannas Pr] Hannas, Marx Anton (doc. 1610-1676). "Freudenreicher Postilion von Münster ..." single-leaf woodcut. Mounted post rider, blowing a 1 1/2 circle posthorn, announces the end of the Thirty-Year's War, 1648. (There is also an angel blowing one straight trumpet and holding another.) (D. Alexander. The German Single-Leaf Woodcut, 1600-1700. New York 1977. vol. I, p. 246)
[Rollenhagen Pr] Rollenhagen, Georg (doc.1590). "Der post Reutter bin ich genandt ... " (1590). single-leaf woodcut. The post rider holds up a deeply curved horn. (W. L. Strauss. The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. 1550-1600. New York 1975. p. 8; E. Kiesskalt. Die Entstehung der deutschen Post ... Erlangen [1938]. p. 265 [fine reproduction with text])
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees: [Ms Cologne] Anon. (Nürnberg), late-16th century. "Hölle", from the Schönbartbuch und Chronik der Stadt Nürnberg des Jahres 1518. Cologne, IthU G 16947. gouache. In the rigging of a carnival float, two watchmen, paired with two devils, blow slender curved horns. Another figure in the bow of the "ship" may blow a similar horn. It's sort of a "Ship of Fools." (exh Kölnisches Stadtmuseum, 1972/3: Masken und Narren. Tradition der Fastnacht. p. 99 [color reproduction])
[CI Stuttgart 1616] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Musicians in a Procession, from Repraesentatio der Furstlichen Aufzug und Ritterspil. Stuttgart, Esaias van Hulsen, 1616. etching. Three of the musicians, on horseback, play cornui (or large 3/4 circle horns). Three more play cornui, accompanied by negro kettledrummer. (Naylor Trumpet and Trombone. nos. 195, 196 [fine reproductions])
[CI Stuttgart 1617] Anon. Unit of Benjamin Burwickhausen von Walmerode, from a Procession during the Marriage Festivities of Ludwig Friedrich von Württemberg and Elisabeth Magdalena von Hesse-Darmstadt, Stuttgart, 15 July 1617, from Esaias von Hulsen, Aigentliche wahrhaffte Delineatio ... Stuttgart 1618. pl. 83. etching. Figures in the procession include a man on horseback blowing a small curved horn. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 109)
Village/Rustic Scenes: [Lindtmayer Dr] Lindtmayer, Daniel (1552-1605). Village Scenes. Zürich, Graphische Sammlung der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule. drawing. A peasant plays an alphorn while another milks a cow. (K. M. Klier. Volkstümliche Musikinstrumente in den Alpen. Kassel 1956. pl. 17; MgB III/9, p. 57)
Other: [Ms Dresden SLB] Anon. Animal Baiting in the Alten Markt, Dresden, 1609. Dresden, SLB. Figures on a ledge outside a second story window blow six (?) tiny curved horns, and six more on the sidewalk blow eight (?) tiny horns. (Brüchle and Janetzky. p. 72. Detail from a three-part colored folio in a treatise depicting the festive hunting customs of the times.)
[CI Aachen 1600] Altzenbach, Gerhard (doc.1609-1672). View of the Münster, Aachen (1600). engraving. Includes an outdoor religious ceremony (the veneration of the reliquary) with three figures playing curved horns (two on a platform, one in the background beside a trumpet player) and another holding aloft a looped horn as though it were some sort of object of veneration. A boy in the right foregound seems to carry a sharply curved horn. (Beiträge zur Rheinischen Kunstgeschichte und Denkmalpflege. Düsseldorf 197-. [=FS Albert Verbeek, 65] [Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rheinlands, 20] fig. 68 [168?])
[CI Aachen 1622] Anon. A View of the Münster, Aachen, During the Veneration of the Reliquary (Reliquienverehrung), 1622. Aachen, Historisches Museum. Two musicians on a platform play irregularly curved horns, and a third holds aloft a looped horn as though it were some sort of object of veneration. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, X/1: Stadt Aachen (Münster). Düsseldorf 1916. p. 27 [poor reproduction])
[Wägmann Pa] Wägmann, Jakob (1586-1656). "Das Land Entlebuch (1622)." Zürich art market (1946). Includes a Harsthorn (large curved horn) player, all dressed up in his civic costume. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 18: Kanton Luzern I. Basel 1946. p. 57)
Angels: See also Allegory, War and Peace.
[Dürner Wsc] Dürner, Hans (doc. 1583-m.1613). Angel (1589). Schloss Heiligenberg am Bodensee, Chapel. painted and gilded wood. It blows a reverse curve horn/trumpet, sharply curved at the distal end, with one hand partly covering the bell (Stopftrompete?). (Musica calendar, 1964: 22 March - 4 April [fine color reproduction])
[BI Leipzig 1611] Anon. Title page of Abraham Schadaeus, Promptuarii musici ... Strasbourg, Paul Ledertz,1611. woodcut? An angel blows a curved or reverse-curve horn or trumpet. unimp. (MGG XI cols. 1527-8 [fair reproduction/faint impression])
[BI Strasbourg 1630] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Title page for Flavius Joesphus, Von alten Jüdischen Geschichten. Strasbourg, Caspar Dietzel, 1630. etching. God (?) at the top, flanked by two angels, one blowing a sharply curved (almost circular) horn, the other a foreshortened trumpet. (Wüthrich no. 89, fig. 75)
[Bock Dr] Bock, Hans I (ca.1550-1624). Unidentified Subject. London art market (1989). drawing. Includes an angel blowing a reverse-curve horn. (Burlington 131 [1989] 50)
[Pfeilschmidt Pr] Pfeilschmidt, Matthaus (op. 1604-1633). Strange Hymns Heard and Faces Seen in an Abandoned Church at Plan, Bohemia, 24 June 1614/So sich begeben vnd zugetragen im Böhmerland ... single-leaf woodcut. Two angels above blow short little horns (probably supposed to be trumpets). utterly unimportant. (D. Alexander. The German Single-Leaf Woodcut 1600-1700. New York 1977. p. 434)
[Rottenhammer Circle Pa] Rottenhammer, Johannes (1564-1625), Circle. Last Judgement. Vienna, Galerie der Akademie der bildende Künste, Inv. 554. Includes an angel with a reverse curve (ribbed?) horn or trumpet (no bell flare). (Salmen Katalog. p. 62 [detail])
Putti: [BI Dresden 1583] Anon. Portrait of Giovanni Battista Pinello di Gherardi, from his Deutsche Magnificat ... Dresden 1583. woodcut. Two putti blow circular (almost 1 1/4 circle) open-hoop horns. (MGG X col. 1283)
[Wsc Gottorf] Salgen, Andreas (m.1612). Putto surmounting the Ducal gallery (herzogl. Betstuhl). Schloss Gottorf, Kapelle. carved and gilded wood. It blows a reverse-curve horn. (Not as dramatic as one might expect. Not in the same league as the Fürstenloge in Munich, for example.) (E. Schlee. Das Schloss Gottorf in Schleswig. Flensburg 1965. [Kunst in Schleswig Holstein, 15], pl. IV, opp. p. 30, as ca.1611)
[Gl Zürich SLM] Swiss, 1614. Allianzwappen Küng-Müller. Zürich SLM, IN 64/6. stained glass. Includes four putti with increasingly large and curvy horns. (The main imagery of illustration and text is David and Bathsheba.) (J. Schneider. Glasgemälde. Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums Zürich. [Stafa 1971] vol. II, no. 496)
Watchmen: [Gl Darmstadt] German, 1599. Arms of Johann Hugwart. Darmstadt HLM (from the Zunftstube der Schneider, Strasbourg). stained glass. Figures include a watchman in a tower with a curved horn. (S. Beek-Lustenberger. Glasmalerei um 800-1900 im Hessischen Landesmuseum in Darmstadt. Frankfurt am Main 1967. no. 213)
Other: [Brand Dr] Brand, Hans (b. 1552 - doc. 1570/75). The arms of the family Beck. Bern, Historisches Museum. drawing (Scheibenriss). In the upper right a draped woman blows a curved horn. (P. L. Ganz. Die Basler Glasmaler der Spätrenaissance und der Barockzeit. Basel 1966. Abb. 45)
[Brand Gl] Brand, Hans (b.1552-doc. to. 1557). The Arms of the Beck Family. stained glass. Includes a pert young lady in the border blowing a curved horn. (P Ganz. Basler Glasmalerei der Spätrenaissance und der Barockzeit. Basel [1966]. p. 166 [ok reproduction] location not recorded)
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] Anon. "Jäger Trommet," from Michael Praetorius, Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia ... Wolffenbüttel 1620. pl. VIII, no. 11. woodcut. A 4-1/2 or 5-1/5 circle tightly coiled horn with the mouthpipe (with a small crook) emerging from the center coils. The mouthpiece is shallow, cup-shaped, with a flat rim. (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14])
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] _______. "Hölzern Trommet." pl. VIII, no. 12. A straight, ribbed alphorn with a shallow cup mouthpiece. (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14]; A. Baines. Brass Instruments ... London 1976. p. 110)
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] _______. "Jäger-Hörner." pl. XXII, no. 4. Two small, looped horns with rings for straps. Four reverse-curve horns of different sizes hung from straps. A tiny, straight horn (?) hung from a strap. (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14])
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] _______. "Indianisch Horn von Hel Fenbein." pl. XXX, no. 4. A carved, faceted horn with a man's figure (his top-hat is the mouthpiece). (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14])
Passion -- Via dolorosa: [Marguina Sc] Marguina, Diego de (doc. 1575). Via dolorosa (1578). Valladolid, Monasterio de la Santa Espina, Capilla major, Pormenor del retablo [predella]. sculpture. A helmeted figure blows a short, fat, curved horn. Six figures in all. (E. Garcia Chico. Catologo Monumental de la Provincia de Valladolid, II, Partido Judicial de Medina de Ríoseco. Valladolid 1959. pl. XXVI [fair reproduction])
St. Jerome: [Ribera Pa] Ribera, Jusepe de (1591-1652). St. Jerome. Cardiff, National Museum of Wales. A young angel holds a trumpet, looped at the distal end, with an animal-head bell (not very functional) and a large, flat-rimmed mouthpiece. (Burlington 115 [1973] Sept. ad. p. liii [fine reproduction]; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 89 [March 1977] La chronique des arts no. 1298, p. 68 [small reproduction])
[Ribera Pa] _______. St. Jerome. Naples, Museo e Gallerie Nazionali di Capodimonte. An angel at the upper right blows a curved trumpet/horn. (J. Brown. Jusepe de Ribera, Prints and Drawings. [Exh. Princeton 1973, Cambridge 1973-4] Princeton 1973. p. 30; A. E. Pérez Sánchez. L'opera complete del Ribera. Milan 1978. tav. VIII [fine color reproduction]; exh New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992: Jusepe de Ribera 1591-1652. Ed. A. E. Pérez Sánchez and N. Spinosa. no. 17, p. 79 [nice color reproduction])
[Ribera Pr] _______. St. Jerome. etching. An angel blows a long, looped, reverse-curve trumpet. The section with the loop has joints as though it could be inserted in the manner of a crook. (IB vol. 44, no. 4, p. 272; exh New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992: Jusepe de Ribera 1591-1652. Ed. A. E. Pérez Sánchez and N. Spinosa. no. 75, p. 178 [ok reproduction]; J. Brown. Jusepe de Ribera, Prints and Drawings. [Exh. Princeton 1973, Cambridge 1973-4] Princeton 1973, cat. no. 5, p.93 [state I], p. 94 [state III])
Tritons: [Ferrata Sc] Ferrata, Ercole (1610-1686) (after designs by Gianlorenzo Bernini [1598-1680]). Neptune Fountain. Palacio Nacional de Queluz (Portugal). sculpture. Tritons blow shell horns. unimp. (the Tritons are in rather ravaged condition). (Burlington 140 [1998] 804, 805, 808, 809 [with details of the Tritons]). Bozzetto for a Triton (Rome MN del Palazzo di Venezia) (Burlington 140 [1998] 809)
[Pantoja de la Cruz Pa] Pantoja de la Cruz, Juan (1551-1608). Portrait of Maria, Infanta of Spain (1607). Vienna KH. The child has a tiny horn horn at her waist, a large clapper bell on a long cord from her belt, and a large pellet bell at her belt. (M. Kusche. Juan Pantoja de la Cruz.