PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
Note: bells in belfries and handbells are clapper bells unless otherwise noted.
Musicians: [Jones Dr] Jones, Inigo (1573-1652). A Man with Knackers and Bells, from Britannia Triumphans (perf. 7 January 1638). private collection (Devonshire). (Early Music 6 [1978] 15)
St. Anthony: [Goltzius Pr] Goltzius, Hendrick van (1558-1617), after. The Temptation of St. Anthony. engraving. Includes a bell hanging in the little improvised belfry of a ruin. (IB vol. 3, no. 59, p. 59 [ok reproduction])
Folly: See also Emblems; Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Times of Day (Evening): See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
[Verhaecht-Panderen Pr] Egbert van Panderen (1581-ca.1637) after Tobias Verhaecht (1561-1631). Vespera/Evening, from a Times of Day series. pub. Theodore Galle. engraving. Includes a bell in a church steeple. (S. Shesgreen. Hogarth and the Times of the Day Tradition. Ithaca 1983. p. 47 [ok reproduction], as after 1590, with English translation of the text)
Vanitas: [Hondius Pr] Hondius, Hendrick (1573-ca.1649). "Finis Coronat Opus" (1626). engraving. Includes a household bell as part of a Vanitas still life. (The New Hollstein: Hendrick Hondius. Roosendaal 1994. no. 20/I, p. 26 and no. 20/II, p. 27; exh Rotterdam BvB, 1972: Hollandse graveurs van de XVIIe eeuw. cat. 18A; Burlington 134 [1992] 762, as 1626, with the original two-column text; Oud-Holland 93 [1979] 218)
Other: [Vries Pr] Vries, Simon de (ca.1580-a.1628) (and others?) The Arminians' Testament (1618). engraving. Includes a clapper bell ("Brantclock"). A religious allegory. (D. Kunzle. History of the Comic Strip, I: The early Comic Strip. Berkeley 1973. p. 59)
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals.
[BI Arnheim 1613] Passe, Crispijn de (1564-1637) and Sons. "Qod non es ne videare cave"/Beware of appearing what you are not, from Gabriel Rollenhagen. Selectorum Emblematum centuria secunda. [Arnheim?] 1613. no. 53. engraving. Includes a fool with pellet bells on his cap. Emblem to the effect that Folly makes itself apparent. (Henkel and Schöne col. 1130)
[BI Arnheim 1613] _______. "Stultorum adiumenta nocumenta"/The Assistance of Fools brings only Trouble. as above. no.67 Incldes a fool ("Claus Narr") with pellet bells on his cap and at his elbows. (Henkel and Schöne col. 1130)
[Venne-Anon. Pr] Anonymous after Adriaen van de Venne (1589-1662). "L'Ignorance corre, la Prudenza lentamente segue il passa"/Landscape with Prudence and Ignorance, from Jacob Cats, Spiegel Van den Ouden ende Nieuwen Tijdt. The Hague, Isaac Burchoorn, 1632. engraving. Ignorance runs, Prudence walks slowly. Ignorance is a fool with owl's head and wings, with many bells on his costume. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXV, no. 315, p. 109)
[Venne-Anon. Pr] _______. "Es ist nit rath dass man narren uber eyer setze"/Fool Hatching Eggs in Nest. as above. It is not a good idea to send a fool to hatch eggs. The fool has many bells on his costume. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXV, no. 317, p. 109)
[Venne-Anon. Pr] _______. "Besogna che il savio porti il matto in spalla"/Old Man carrying a Fool. as above. The wise man must carry the fool on his shoulders. The fool has many, many bells on his costume. (Hollstein [Dutch[ XXXV, no. 313, p. 108)
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Children; Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
See also Allegory, Vanitas.
Landscapes: [Roghman Pr] Gertrude Roghman (1625-1657) after Roeland Roghman (1597-1686/87). "De Nieuwekerck tot Muyderbergh"/The New Church at Muyderbergh. etching. The church is a rather desolate rural church with a bell in its belfry. (IB vol. 5, no. 3, p. 49)
[Velde Pa] Velde, Esaias van de (1587-1630). Tower by a Frozen River. Leiden, Stedelijk Museum "De Lakenhal." Includes a bell in a belfry. (G. S. Keyes. Esaias van de Velde. Doornspijk 1984. cat. 81, pl. 197, as 1618/19)
[J Wtewael Pa] Wtewael, Joachim Anthonisz (1566-1638), attr. Venus and Adonis. The Hague, Rijksdienst Beeldende Kunst. Includes a church belfry in the background, perhaps with two bells. (A. W. Lowenthal. Joachim Wtewael and Dutch Mannerism. Doornspijk 1986. cat. B-1, pl. 136)
Views: [Bassen Pa] Bassen, Bartholomeus van (ca.1590-1652). Design for the Nieuwe Kerk, The Hague (1650). The Hague, Gemeentemuseum. Includes a bell in the belfry. (His design was not chosen.) (Haak. p. 160)
[Saenredam Pa] Saenredam, Pieter (1597-1665). The Square of St. Mary and the Mariakerk, Utrecht (1663). Rotterdam BvB. Includes the carillon tower. (Haak. p. 251 [small reproduction])
[Visscher Pr] Visscher, Claes Jansz (1586/87-1652). "Stathuys," Amsterdam, from Ludovico Guicciardino, Omnium Belgii sive Interioris Germaniae ... Amsterdam, Guiljelmus Ianssonius, 1613. engraving. There is a carillon/bells in the belfry tower. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXIX, no. 421, p. 154)
[Vroom Pa] Vroom, Hendrick Cornelisz (1566-1640). View of Delft (1615). Delft, Municipal Museum Het Prinsenhof. Includes a carillon in a church tower. (Haak p. 157 [small detail, it would require a big reproduction to see it very well])
Animals: [Venne Pa] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). "Bij het volck is de Neering"/Where there are people, money may be made (16[5]2). private collection. Includes a dog with a money box, clapper bell around its neck and two clapper bells on a little frame on its back. It's quite a contraption. (L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 94 [ok reproduction])
Children: Note: The little rattle with pellet bells often held by children in portraits of this period is called a "rinkelbel." There is a photograph of one (ca. 1590[?]) (Leeuwarden, Fries Museum) in Oud-Holland 104 (1990) 199.
[J Claesz Pa] Claesz, Jan (a.1570-ca.1618). Portrait of a Little Girl. Leeuwarden, Fries Museum. She holds a rattle with pellet bells. (Oud-Holland 104 [1990] 199, as ca.1609)
[J Claesz Pa] _______. Portrait of a Little Girl, aged nine months (1612). location unknown. She holds a rattle with pellet bells. (Oud-Holland 104 [1990] 199)
[Geest Pa] Geest, Wybrand-Simonsz de (1590-1659). Portrait of a Young Child (1612). London art market (1968). The child has a rattle with pellet bells. (Burlington 110 [1968] October ad p. lxv [ok reproduction]; Connosseur 169 [1968] October ad p. xxxix [fine color reproduction])
[Vliet Pa] Vliet, Willem Willemsz van (ca.1584-1642). Portrait of a Catholic Child (1638). Amsterdam RM. The child has a rattle with pellet bells. (Simiolus 20 [1990-91] 41 [small reproduction])
Fools: See also Emblems.
[BI Leiden 1610] Anon. "Die op de Planeten haer gheloove stellen ...," from Sebastian Brant, Aff-ghebeelde narren speel-schuyt. Leiden 1610. woodcut. An allegory of the folly of astronomy. Includes a fool with bells on his cap. (exh Amsterdam RM, 1976: tot Lering en Vermaak. p. 84 [not exhibited])
[Pa Anon.] Anon. The Master of the Mint of Nijmigen and Maastricht and his Assistants (1581). 's-Heerenberg, Huis Bergh. A group portrait. Includes a fool with at least seven pellet bells on his cap. (Haak p. 109 [small reproduction])
[Gheyn-Anon. Pr] Anon. after Jacques de Gheyn (1565-1629) (the fool) and Cornelis Bloemaert (ca.1603-1692) (the boy). A Fool and a Boy with a Bird's Nest. engraving. The fool has lots of bells on his clothing. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 190)
[Goltzius-Saenredam Pr] Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). A Fool/"Tis om te lachen." engraving. The fool has bells on his cap and belt. (IB vol. 4, no. 103, p. 419)
[Goltzius-Saenredam Pr] Jan Pietersz Saenredam (1563?-1607) after Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). Vespera/Evening. engraving. Includes a partly visible lute player. A fool with bells on his cap pours wine. (IB vol. 4, no. 92, p. 408; Hirth no. 1444; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 7, p. 73 [ok reproduction], with English translation of the caption, p. 71) For additional bibliography see An Iconography of the Lute, Dutch and Flemish 16th-17th century, elsewhere in this website.
[Valckert Pr] Valckert, Werner van den (fl.1612-1635). A Fool holding a Foolscap. engraving. The fool has bells around his shoulders and ankles. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXXII, no. 14, p. 27 [ok reproduction])
[Venne Dr] Venne, Adriaen Pietersz van de (1589-1662). Bridal Couple with Dancing and Music-Making Figures. Amsterdam art market (1972). drawing. A man plays a lute and a woman sings. There is a female dancer and a dancing fool with bells on his cap and armlets, anklets and kneelets of bells. Drawing for an illustration published in Jacob Cats, Self-stryt. Middelburg, Jan van de Venne, 1620. (sale, Mak van Waay, Amsterdam, 26.IX.1972, no. 372; L. J. Bol. Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne. Doornspijk 1989. p. 113 [ok reproduction])
<>b>David Dancing Before the Ark/The Transporting of the Ark of the Covenant: [BI Antwerp n.d.] Adriaen Collaert (ca.1550-1618) after Jan van der Straet (Johannes Stradanus) (1532-1605). David Dancing Before the Ark (2 Samuel, 6, 12-15), from Encomivm mvsices. Antwerp, Phiips Galle, n.d. no. 8. engraving. The procession is led by two prominent cornu players who have pellet bells sewn on their robes. (facsimile: Cambridge 1943)
St. John the Baptist: [Jordaens Copy Dr] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678), Copy. The Infant St. John. Vienna Albertina. drawing. He has a rinkelbel. (d'Hulst 1974. cat. C5, fig. 482)
[BI Antwerp 1591] Nicolai, Arnaud (doc.1550-1596). Allegorical figures before the Palace of Love, from Hernando de Acuña, El Cavallero determinado. Antwerp, Jan Steelsius, 1553. woodcut. Three couples in the Palace of Love include two ladies playing (separately) harp and lute. Above them men play two flutes (right and left handed), two shawms (?), trombone and perhaps one or two more instruments. In the foreground there is a fool ("Abusion") with bells on his cap and around his knees. (A. J. J. Delen. Oude Vlaamsche Graphiek. Antwerp 1943. unnumbered page. On the next page he reproduces an engraved version by Pieter van der Borcht, published in Antwerp, Plantijnsche drukkerij, 1591, where the wind ensemble seems to include a flute [very long], another very long flute or perhaps a bassoon of some sort, and three or four shawms.)
[Dr Cologne WRM] Netherlands or S. German, ca.1600. The Storming of Troy. Cologne WRM. drawing. Includes a mounted trumpeter and a bell in a burning watch tower. (exh Cologne WRM 1965: Handzeichnungen des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts ... no. 65. Notes previous attribution to Lucas van Valckenborch)
Hearing: [J I Brueghel Pa] Brueghel, Jan I (1568-1625). Hearing, from a Five Senses series. Madrid, Prado. Includes household bells on the table in the right foreground and on the table with the choirbooks.. Several of the clocks have bells. (B. S. Myers, ed. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art. New York 1969. vol. I, p. 405 [small color reproduction]; D. Munrow. Instruments of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. London 1976. front and back covers [fine color details, good for both of the household bells and several of the clocks]; exh Cremona, 1996-97: Immagini del sentire. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. n. p. 1996. p. 17 [small color reproduction, not exhibited]; exh The Hague, 1994: Music & Painting in the Golden Age. p. 201 [not exhibited]. Text [p. 198] says that Venus and Amor were painted by Rubens; Musica calendar, 1967: 29 October - 11 November [ok reproduction]; Musica calendar, 1984: 14-17 October [ok color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B831.4S1) For more bibliographical information, see An Iconography of the Lute, Dutch and Flemish 16th-17th century, elsewhere on this website.
Life and Death: [P II Breughel Pa] Breughel, Pieter II (1564-1637/38). The Triumph of Death (1626). Cleveland, the Mildred Andrews Fund. A version of the painting by Pieter I in Vienna KH. A woman sings and a dying man plays a lute as Death fiddles behind him. Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy, violin (?), trumpets and (elsewhere) kettledrums. Skeletons ring two large clapper bells hung from a tree. A skeleton riding a nag pulling a wagon full of skulls rings a clapper bell. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... no. 13, p. 107 [small, unhelpful color reproduction]. Notes that Pieter II knew the painting in Vienna only from an engraving.; exh Cremona 1998: Breughel-Brueghel; Tradizione e Progresso: una famiglia di pittori fiamminghi tra cinque e seicento. p. 21 [small, unhelpful color reproduction, not exhibited )
[J I Brueghel Pa] Brueghel, Jan I (1568-1625). The Triumph of Death. Graz, Alte Galerie des SLM. A woman sings and a dying man plays a lute (a case of flutes beside him) as Death fiddles behind him. Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy, trumpets and (separately) kettledrums. Skeletons ring two large clapper bell hung from a dead tree. A skeleton riding a nag pulling a wagon full of skulls rings a clapper bell. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... no. 14, p. 113 [color reproduction]. Notes is dated 1597, but 1610-20 more likely.; exh Cremona 1998: Breughel-Brueghel; Tradizione e Progresso: una famiglia di pittori fiamminghi tra cinque e seicento. p. 20 [color reproduction, not exhibited])
Another (copy, attr. Jan II Brueghel). Vaduz, Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... p. 112 [minuscule reproduction])
Seasons (Summer): [Vinckboons-Gerritsz Pr] Hessel Gerritsz (1580/81-1632) after David Vinckboons (1576-1631/33). Aestas/View of Loenersloot (Loenerslot), from a Four Seasons series. etching. Includes a man walking beside a woman, playing a lute. In the background there is a bell in a belfry. (Hollstein [Dutch] VII, p. 107 [poor reproduction]; IB vol. 53 Commentary, no. 5305.002, p. 88 [fair reproduction], no. 006.S2, p. 95, no. 006.S3, p. 96; Hirth no. 1539 [ok reproduction])
Seasons (Winter): [Vinckboons-Anon. Pr] Anon. after David Vinckboons (1576-1631/33). Winter/Twelfth Night(1621). engraving. Includes a Twelfth-Night procession with revellers holding a lute and playing pipe and tabor and rommel pot (a child). There is a child with a fool's cap with a bell and a fool/man in fool's costume with bells on his cap, wrists and ankles, cavorting with a hoop with pellet bells around the rim. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 142 [small reproduction])
[Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter (1638). Antwerp KMSK. Includes a bagpiper, children with a recorder and a rinkelbel, and a woman singing. (E. de Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de 17. eeuw. n. p., 1967. p. 23 [ok color reproduction]; de Jongh-Luijtens Mirror. p. 254 [small reproduction]; E. Marèchal and L. De Jong. The Royal Museum of Antwerp. Brussels 1990. p. 50 [ok color reproduction]; exh Boston MFA, 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 352 [minuscule reproduction, not exhibited]; Connoisseur 164 [1967] 15; Vis. Coll. 374.1.776.90[i])
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter. Paris Louvre (on loan to Valenciennes MBA). Includes a bagpiper and three children with tiny recorders and rinkelbels. (M. Westermann. The Amusements of Jan Steen ... Zwolle 1997. p. 160; exh Washington NGA, 1996: Jan Steen, Painter and Storyteller. p. 174, as 1640; exh Boston MFA, 1993-94: The Age of Rubens. p. 352 [minuscule reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.J76.90[d])
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter. London art market (1948). Includes a youth playing a bagpipe, a child playing a recorder and an infant tooting on a rinkelbel. An elderly couple sings. (Leppert Theme. no. 329, pl. LXXIII [ok reproduction]; Burlington 90 [1948] April ad p. ii [fair reproduction])
[Jordaens Pa] _______. Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter. location unknown. A youth plays a bagppe, three children play little recorders (one perhaps a rinkelbel), and several sing. (Lepert Theme. no. 327, pl. LXXIV [ok reproduction])
[Jordaens-Bolswert Pr] Schelte Adams a Bolswert (ca.1586-1659?) after Jacob Jordaens. Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter. engraving. A young man blows a bagpipe, a child plays a little recorder, an infant toots on a rinkelbel, and an elderly couple sings. (E. Closson et al. La Musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 387; Hirth no. 1721; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 50, pp. 253 [fine reproduction], with English translation of the caption, 256 [proof avant la lettre, with corrections by Jordaens], 256 [Anonymous engraving]; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 78, p. 123 [ok reproduction]; MGG XII, Taf. 61/2)
See also Miscellaneus Figures, Children.
[Ae II Sadeler Pr] Sadeler, Aegidius II (1568-1629). Portrait of Melchior Klesel. engraving and etching. Includes a household bell on the table beside him. (IB vol. 72/2, no. 7201.308 S1, p. 130)
[C de Vos Pa] Vos, Cornelis de (1585-1651). Portrait of a Child with a Parrot. Münster art market (1982). The child has a rinkelbel. (Die Weltkunst 52 [1982] 3482)
Carnival: [Caulery Pa] Caulery, Louis de (op.1593-m.1621/22). Carnival Scene in an Imaginary Italian Town Square. London art market (1974). An architectural fantasy. Includes two (separate) lute players, a xylophone (?) player and three (?) mounted trumpeters. There is a bell in a clock tower. (Marshall sale, Sotheby's 1973-4, no. 35, as ca.1604)
[Miel Pa] Miel, Jan (1599-1664). Carnival in the Piazza Colonna. Hartford Wadsworth. Several musical figures, including rustics playing bagpipe and shawm (a child), and a reveller with a cowbell. (G. Briganti et al. The Bamboccianti ... Rome 1983. pp. 117-121; exh Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1984: Masters of Seventeenth Century Dutch Genre Painting. cat. no. 73, pl. 46 [color reproduction, useless], as ca.1645; Imago Musicae 7 [1990] 124 [fair detail] [after Briganti et al]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M583.90[f])
[Miel Pa] _______. Carnival. Madrid Prado. Italian setting. Includes a reveller with a cowbell and a bell in a little belfry (small detail). (G. Briganti et al. The Bamboccianti ... Rome 1983. p. 121 [color reproduction]; C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 206 [ok color reproduction], as 1653)
[Miel Pa] _______. Carnival. Munich AP. Italian setting. Includes dancing revellers playing a colascione (man) and a tambourine (woman). There is a bell in a church belfry. (G. Briganti et al. The Bamboccianti ... Rome 1983. p. 116 [fair reproduction])
[Vrancx Pa] Vrancx, Sebastian (1573-1647). Carnival in Antwerp. Cologne WRM. Includes a reveller with a lute. A nocturnal street scene. (Cologne WRM. Katalog der niederländischen Gemälde von 1500 bis 1800 im Wallraf-Richartz-Museum ... Cologne 1967. Abb. 197 [ok reproduction]) Another version (private collection). This version, at least, includes children with pellet bells. (exh Brussels MRBA, 1965: Le siècle de Rubens. cat. no. 303, p. 286 [minuscule reproduction])
Fairs/Festivals: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Landscapes: [J I Brueghel Pa] Brueghel, Jan I (1568-1625). Landscape (called the Bridge at Talavera) (1610). Paris Louvre. Includes two bells in a little belfry atop an inn. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... no. 59, p. 220 [ok color reproduction]. Notes is probably an imaginary scene.)
[J I Brueghel Pa] _______. Village Landscape (1614). private collection. Includes a bell in a slender church belfry. (exh Cremona 1998: Breughel-Brueghel; Tradizione e Progresso: una famiglia di pittori fiamminghi tra cinque e seicento. no. 48, p. 171 [fine color reproduction, original size])
Other: [F van Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch, Frederick van (ca.1570-1623). Pilgrims at a Forest Church. Budapest SM. A church bell is tolling. (exh Dresden, Albertinum, 1972: Europäische Landschaftsmalerei, 1550-1650. no. 105; Oud-Holland 77 [1962] 132)
Children: See also Portraits; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Carnival
[Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). Soo d'oude songen, so peepen de Jongen/As the Old Sing, so the Young Twitter. Antwerp KMSK. Includes a bagpiper, children with a recorder and a rinkelbel, and a woman singing. (E. de Jongh. Zinne- en minnebeelden in de schilderkunst van de 17. eeuw. n. p., 1967. p. 23 [ok color reproduction]; E. Marèchal and L. De Jong. The Royal Museum of Antwerp. Brussels 1990. p. 50 [ok color reproduction]; Connoisseur 164 [1967] 15; Vis. Coll. 374.1.776.90[i])
[Jordaens Pa] Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678). A Girl (Anna Catherine Jordaens) Standing with her Pet Finch on a Terrace. private collection. She has a little clapper bell hanging from a cord, and a T-shaped sort of rattle with two tiny pellet bells. (Connoisseur 168 [1969] 255)
Fools: See also Literary and Historical Subjects/Figures; Allegory, Seasons (Winter).
[P II Breughel Pa] Breughel, Pieter II (1564-1637/38). Festival of St. George. Antwerp KMSK. Includes a bagpiper; a drummer with a rather large frame drum with a company of archers; and a fool with bells on his cap. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... no. 142, p. 417 [ok color reproduction], as after 1616. Notes there are five known versions; exh Cremona 1998: Breughel-Brueghel; Tradizione e Progresso: una famiglia di pittori fiamminghi tra cinque e seicento. no. 27, p. 111 [ok color reproduction])
[P II Breughel Pa] _______. Large Village Festival with a Theatrical Performance. Graz, Alte Galerie des Steiermärkischen Landesmuseum Joanneum. Includes an itinerant (blind?) hurdy-gurdy player; a pipe and tabor player accompanying seven dancers; a bagpiper accompanying dancers; a drummer with a company of archers; a bagpiper in a wagon and a drummer with his drum on his back disappearing in front of the wagon; and a fool with bells on his cap with a group of children. (exh Essen, Vienna, 1997-98: Breughel-Brueghel; Flämische Malerei um 1600 ... no. 143, p. 417 [ok color reproduction], as after 1616. Notes is based on a painting by Pieter Balten [Amsterdam RM].; exh Cremona 1998: Breughel-Brueghel; Tradizione e Progresso: una famiglia di pittori fiamminghi tra cinque e seicento. p. 114 [minuscule reproduction])
[Vinckboons Pa] Vinckboons, David (1576-1631/33), attr. Village Festival (1610). Antwerp KMSK. Includes two separate bagpipers, a child holding a drum, a fool with bells on his clothing, and trumpets, drums and perhaps bombasses in vendors' booths. (Leppert Theme, no. 739, pl. LIII [miserable reproduction]) Copy (Bruges, Groeningemuseum). (H. Pauwels, ed. Catalogue. Bruges 1963. no. 73 [useless reproduction]; Leppert Theme. no. 742 [not illus.]. Notes is a copy of Antwerp KMSK cat. 495, and notes, no. 743, another copy in Ixelles, de Streel collection)
St. Anthony: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). The Temptation of St. Anthony. etching. Includes a clapper bell around the neck of a singing donkey and another clapper bell around the neck of a wolf. There is a clapper bell around the neck of a monster spewing weapons of war. There is a bell in the belfry of a burning church. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. not legibly recorded; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 327 -- second version, done ca.1634, pub. 1635; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot ... [Paris] 1969. figs. 273, 274, 275-77 [including fine details)
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [BI Paris 1578] Anon. "Mvsiqve," from Christofle de Savigny, Tableaux accomplis de tous les arts liberaux. Paris, Jean Libert, 1619 [first edn. 1587]. engraving. Many musical instruments, including four clapper bells of unequal sizes (unusually prominent among the musical instruments here). (Imago musicae 1 [1984] 87)
Fairs/Festivals: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). The Fair at Impruneta. etching. Numerous references to music, including a bell in a little belfry atop a clock tower. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. pl. II, after p. 32 [ok reproduction, but in page crease]; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot ... [Paris] 1969. p. 123 [small reproduction])
Views: [Langlois Pr] Langlois, François (Ciartres) (1589-1647). Vue de la Samaritaine. etching. Includes the clock tower with a carillon. La Samaritaine was a pump house for water for the gardens of the Tuileries, built on the second arch of the Pont-Neuf. On the top of the building was a clock tower with a carillon in the Flemish manner. (F. Boucher. Le Pont-Neuf. vol. I Pris 1925. pl. 27, opp. p. 126)
Other: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Destruction of a Convent. etching. There is a bell in the belfry of the blazing convent. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 214, as 1633, as Devastation of a Monastery; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 270, with English translation of the text; Hirth no. 1702; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot ... [Paris] 1969. p. 291)
Comedians: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Two Dancing Pantaloons. etching. Each has an anklet of bells. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 11 [ok reproduction], as 1616; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 4; G. Sadoul. Jacques Callot ... [Paris] 1969. p. 207; MgB IV/4, p. 64 [fine reproduction])
[Callot Pr] _______. "Cap. l'sgangarato. Cap: Cocodrillo," from Balli di Sfassania. etching. L'sgangarato has wristlets and anklets of bells. Cocodrillo has anklets of bells. In the background (tiny details) there is a street scene with a dancing (? -- very exaggerated pose) comedian playing a very long colascione (?). (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 97; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 117)
[Callot Pr] _______. "Pasquariello Truonno. Meo Squaguara." from Balli di Sfessania. etching. Pasquariello and Meo each has one anklet of bells. One of the minuscule figures in the background (they seem to be out in the countryside) does a prancing dance to his colascione (?) and two more men dance. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 103; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 123)
[Callot Pr] _______. "Cap. Cardoni. Maramao," from Balli di Sfessania. etching. Maramao, giving an enema with an enormous syringe, has an anklet and a kneelet of bells. In the street scene in the background (tiny details), comedians dance and play a colascione. (H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 125)
Dwarfs: [Callot Pr] Callot, Jacques (1592-1635). Hunchbacked Dwarf Playing a Grate with a Rod, from Varie figure gobbi. etching. Grate and rod each hasa pellet bell. (E. de Bechtel. Jacques Callot. New York 1955. fig. 118, as 1621; H. Daniel. Callot's Etchings. New York 1974. fig. 145, as ca.1622)
Fools: [Toutin Pr] Toutin, Jean (1578-1644). Decorative Medallion, from a series of decorative prints (1619). engraving. Includes a man with a grate and tongs and a singing fool with a bell on his cap. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 139 [2002] 177, with reversed copy by Jacob van der Heyden [1570-1637], p. 181) Cf. Miscellaneous Figures, Fools, in the German section, below.
St. Anthony: [Mair Pr] Mair, Alexander (1559-1620). St. Anthony (1576). engraving. Includes a clapper bell on his staff. (Hollstein [German] XXIII, no. 24, p. 128)
Alphabets: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Dance of Death: [Wyl Pa] Wyl, Jakob von (1586-1619/21). Death and the Pastor, from a Totentanz. Lucerne, Regierungsgebaüde (ex Jesuitenkolleg). Death carries a handbell and a ciborium. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 219, after Müller. As ca. 1615.)
Months/Zodiac (January/Aquarius): [Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus (1593-1650). January, from a Twelve Months series (1610). etching. Includes a bell in a church belfry. (Wüthrich 1966. cat. 12, Abb. 12)
Months/Zodiac (February/Pisces): [Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). February, from a Twelve Months series (ca.1622). etching. A torchlight carnival procession. Two comedians/revellers play lutes. There is a bell in the belfry of a city building (not a church). (Wüthrich 1966. no. 353, Abb. 149) Drawing (Frankfurt am Main SKI) (1973 catalog: Deutsche Zeichnungen. Alte Meister. fig. 462 [small reproduction])
Months/Zodiac (March/Aries): [Merian Dr] Merian, Matthaeus (1593-1650). March, from a Twelve Months series (1610). etching. Includes a bell in a church belfry. (Wüthrich 1966. cat. 14, Abb. 14)
Months/Zodiac (May/Gemini): [Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). May, from a Twelve Months series (1610). etching. Includes a figure at a table beneath a pergola, playing a lute (partly visible). A fool at the wine cooler has bells on his costume. (Wüthrich 1966. no. 16, Abb. 16)
Months/Zodiac (October/Scorpio): [Merian Dr] Merian, Matthaeus (1593-1650). October, from a Twelve Months series (1610). etching. Includes a bell in a church belfry. (Wüthrich 1966. cat. 21, Abb. 21)
Seasons: [Valckenborch Pa] Valckenborch (Falckenberg), Frederik (Friedrich) van (ca.1570-1623). The Four Seasons (1619). Nuremberg GNM. painting on the lid of a spinet built by Paul Wismayer for the Nuremberg patrician Lucas Friedrich Behaim. Includes a bell in the belfry of a clock tower (near the part of the painting with the activities of Summer). (Lesure pl. 17 [English], 19 [German] [at the far left margin, not clear in this reproduction]; Ott fig. 50 [small reproduction of the entire lid, you can't really see it, but it's to the left of the chateau to the left of the page crease]; Musica calendar 1983: 2-15 October [ok color reproduction -- the belfry is in the upper left corner])
Other: [Greuter Pr] Greuter, Mathäus (1564-1638). The Physician Curing Fantasy. engraving. Among the objects in the fantasy are a violin, a lute, a clapper bell and a music book. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 48 [1985] 361)
[Master HW Fr] Monogrammist HW. Arms of the Zürich Stand (1581). Sargans, Schloss, Landesgerichtssaal. wall painting. Includes a curved horn and a bell. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 25: Kanton St. Gallen I. Sargans 1951. p. 361)
[BI Nuremberg 1598] Dietterlin, Wendel (1550-1599). The Corinthian Order, from his Architectura. Nuremberg 1598. no. 160. engraving. Includes a female allegorical figure holding a sword in her right hand and a clapper bell in her left. (The Fantastic Engraving of Wendel Dietterlin. The 203 Plates of his Architectura ... New York 1968. no. 157)
Battles: [BI Oppenheim 1617-1619] Anon. Detecting Enemy Movements, from Robert Fludd, Utriusque cosmi ... historia. Oppenheim, Johan-Theodori de Bry, 1617-19. woodcut. Includes five huge pellet bells hanging from trees (vibration detectors), and a soldier lying with his ear to the ground. (Early Music 9 [1981] 129)
Carnival: [Riedt Dr] Riedt, Niklaus von (op.1585-1616). Carnival Procession by Torchlight (1589). Basel OeK, KsK. drawing. Includes figures playing lute and trombone, and a costumed man with bells on his cloak. (MgB III/9, Abb. 29)
Hunts and Hunters: [Merian Pr] Merian, Matthaeus I (1593-1650). Boar Hunt (1610). etching. Includes a hunter playing a little curved horn and a bell in a chapel belfry. (Wüthrich 1966. no. 31, Abb. 31)
Processions/Entrees/Cavalcades/Parades: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals; Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
[CI Halle 1616] Grale, Conrad (doc.1614-m.1630). Moorish group from a procession for festivities celebrating the baptism of Sophe Elisabeth, daughter of Markgraf Christian Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Halle, 8-12 April 1616, from Representatio der Fürstlichen Auffzüge ... Halle 1617. They play two cornetts and a triangle, and there is a dancer with clapper sticks, bells at his knees. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 98)
[Dr Anon.] Anon, early 17th century. Tournament Procession in Dresden. drawing? Includes a group playing a wind instrument, a wreath of bells and a frame drum. (MGG III, cols. 767-8 [poor reproduction], from H. Schnoor. Dresden, vierhundert Jahre deutsche Musikkultur. Dresden 1948)
Street Scenes: [Lindtmayer Dr] Lindtmayer, Daniel (d. J.) (1552-1606). Entertainment in a Town Square (1594). no location. drawing (Scheibenriss). Includes four acrobats and a lute player (comedian). Three of the acrobats have bells around their knees. (MgB III/9, p. 200 [ok reproduction, no location])
Views: [Merian Dr] Merian, Matthaeus (1593-1650). View of Schloss Neu-Falkenstein, Kanton Solothurn. Zürich SLM. drawing. Includes a bell in a church belfry (Kapelle St. Wolfgang). (sale, Karl & Faber, Munich, 18.X.1965, no. 363, as attr. Pieter Stevens; Wüthrich 1966. cat. HZ 82, Abb. 408, as ca.1623 [text], ca.1622 [caption])
[Merian Pr] _______. Warmbach (?), from Regiunculae circa acidulas sivalbacenses (1620). no. 3. etching. After designs by Anton Mirou (1615). Includes a bell in the belfry of a barn/farmhouse. (Wüthrich 1966. cat. 424, Abb. 204)
Other: [BI Hanover 1609] Paullus (i.e. Peter) van der Doort (fl. ca.1590-ca.1600) after Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1604 or later). The Alchemist in his Laboratory, from Heinrich Khunrath, Amphiteatrum sapientiae aeternae. Hanover, Guilielmus Antonius, 1609. engraving. On a table in the foreground there are a violin/viola da braccio, cittern, harp and lute. There is also a household bell. (L. S. Dixon. Alchemical Imagery in Bosch's Garden of Delights. Ann Arbor 1981. fig. 143 [miserable reproduction], as Hanover 1619; M. Fagiolo dell'Arco. Il Parmigianino ... Rome 1970. fig. 218, with imprint date 1602; P. Gouk. Music, Science and Natural Magic ... New Haven 1999. p. 150 [small reproduction]; J. van Lennep. Art et alchemie. Brussels 1966. pl. 77 [poor reproduction], as 1602; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 49, as 1609)
Animals: [CI Stuttgart 1609] Anon. engraver after Balthasar Küchler (1571-1641). Two mounted units of three straight trumpets each in the procession to the carrousel and ring race during the wedding celebrations for Herzog Johann Friedrich von Württemberg and Markgräfin Barbara Sofia von Brandenburg, Stuttgart, 7 November 1609, from Balthasar Küchler, Representation der fürstlichen Auffzug ... Stuttgart 1611. pl. 21. engraving. The horses are decorated with long ribbons with pellet bells at the ends. (Naylor Trumpet and Trombone. pp. 184-185, as from Repraesentatio der Furstlichen Aufzug un [sic] Ritterspil, 1611 -- I guess this is what it is)
Fools: See also Allegory, Months/Zodiac (May/Gemini).
[CI Stuttgart 1616] Matthaeus I Merian (1593-1650) after Georg Donauer (1571/73-1634). Trumpet-blowing fool in a horse-drawn sleigh, from the festivities celebrating the baptism of Prinz Friedrich von Württemberg, Stuttgart, 10 March 1616, from Johann Augustin Assum, Warhaffte Relation ... Stuttgart 1616. pl. 5. engraving. The fool has bells on his cap. (Hirth no. 1594)
[Heyden Pr] Heyden, Jacob van der (1573-1645). Ornament. engraving. Beneath the ornament a man plays a grate and tongs and a fool (a small bell on his cap) sings from a music book. unimp. (Hollstein [German] XIIIa, no. 158, p. 66 [small reproduction])
[Liss Dr] Liss, Johann/Jan (Giovanni Lys) (ca.1590-1629). The Fool as Procurer. etching/engraving. Includes a man playing a lute and a fool with little bells on his cap. (IB vol. 53, no. 5309.002; de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 27, p. 152 [fine reproduction]; K. Steinbart. Johann Liss. Vienna 1946. pl. 22) Anonymous artist after Liss (mezzotint). (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 154)
[Moeller Dr] Moeller, Anton (1560-1620). Fool Playing a Cittern (1605). Vienna Albertina. drawing. He hops on one foot, the other behind his neck (!) and plays his cittern. Not bad. He has lots of bells on his cap, tunic and shoe. A little dog nips at one of them. Bees hover above his head. (W. Gyssling. Anton Moeller und seine Schule. Strasbourg 1917. [SdK, 197] pl. 9 [fine reproduction])
[Oeri Pr] Oeri, Christoph (1599-1637). Jester (1612). engraving. He has bells on his cap and sleeve. Bees hover about his head. (Hollstein [German] XXX, no. 1, p. 126 [ok reproduction])
Itinerant/Street Musicians: [C Maurer Dr] Maurer, Christoph (1558-1614). Banquet (1607). Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Kunstgewerbe Museum. drawing (Scheibenriss). The central scene is flanked by a bagpiper (in a sort of fool's costume, with bells hanging from the slit hem of his tunic) at the left and a Leierin playing her hurdy-gurdy at the right. (R. Zürcher. Die künstlerische Kultur im Kanton Zürich. Zürich 1943. p. 109 [fine reproduction] as by Christoph Maurer, with text by Josias Murer [Josyas Maurer]; Berlin, Kunstgewerbe Museum. Handzeichnungen Schweizer Meister. p. not recorded [fine reproduction], as by Josyas Maurer [1564-1630])
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] Anon. "Glocken; Cimbeln: Schellen," from Michael Praetorius, Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia ... Wolffenbüttel 1620. pl. XXII. woodcut. Three clapper bells and five pellet bells of various sizes and shapes. (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14])
[BI Wolfenbüttel 1620] _______. "Klappern: Schellen und Glocken." pl. XXXIII. A pellet bell, a clapper bell, and clappers with a pellet bell. (facsimile: Kassel 1958 [Documenta musicologica, Ser. I, 14])
[BI Madrid 1610] Anon. "Nec quicquam nisi pondus iners"/A Needless Burden, from Sebastian de Covarrubias Orozco, Emblemas morales. Madrid, Luis Sanchez, 1610. vol. III, no. 77. woodcut. Includes a fool with bells on his cap. It is an emblem on the uselessness of court jesters. (Henkel and Schöne. col. 1129-30)
[Pantoja de la Cruz Pa] Pantoja de la Cruz, Juan (1551-1608). Portrait of Maria, Infanta of Spain, 1607. Vienna KH. The child has a tiny horn horn at her waist, a large clapper bell on a long cord from her belt, and a large pellet bell at her belt. (M. Kusche. Juan Pantoja de la Cruz. Madrid 1964. fig. 27)
[Pantoja de la Cruz Pa] _______. Portrait of Anna, Infanta of Spain, 1602. Madrid, Descalzas Reales. The child has a tiny horn, a large pellet bell and a clapper bell hanging from the waistband of her apron (a sort of large bib). (M. Kusche. Juan Pantoja de la Cruz. Madrid 1964. fig. 26)
[Zurbarán Pa] Zurbarán, Francisco de (1598-1664). Posthumous Portrait of Fray Diego de Deza (1444-1523). Madrid Prado. Includes a household bell. (Apollo 91 [1970] 352)
Children: See also Portraits.
Fools: See also Emblems.
St. Anthony: [Guercino Pa] Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) (1591-1666). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints. Renazzo di Cento, S. Sebastiano. Includes St. Anthony with a clapper bell on his staff. (exh Bologna, Palazzo dell'Archiginnasio, 1968: Il Guercino. Ed. D. Mahon. fig. 5, as ca.1615)
[Manetti Pa] Manetti, Rutilio (1571-1639). L'Indemoniata. Siena, S. Domenico. Saint Anthony has a clapper bell on a stick. (C. Brandi. Rutilio Manetti. Siena 1931. pl. XIX)
[Manetti Pa] _______. The Temptation of St. Anthony. Siena, S. Agostino. The devil holds his bell. (C. Brandi. Rutilio Manetti. Siena 1931. pl. VII)
[Saraceni Pa] Saraceni, Carlo (1585-1620). St. Jerome with other Saints. Schleissheim, Neues Schloss. Includes St. Anthony with a clapper bell hanging from his staff. (Arte veneta 17 [1963] 180)
[Agostino Carracci Pr] Carracci, Agostino (1557-1602). The Caraccio of Cremona led into Battle, from Cremona Fedelissima. engraving. On a wagon there are eight players of straight trumpets and a pole with a banner and a bell. (IB vol. 39, no. 194, p. 234)
[Domenichino Pa] Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri) (1581-1641). Portrait of Pope Gregory XV and his Nephew, Cardinal Lodovico Ludovisi. Beziers MBA. Includes a household bell. (J. Pope-Hennessy. The Drawings of Domenichino in the Collection of H. M. the King at Windsor Castle. London 1948. p. 18 [poor reproduction])
Landscapes: [Guercino Dr] Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) (1591-1666). Landscape with a Funeral Procession. Cambridge Fitzwilliam. drawing. Includes bells in a church belfry. (Burlington 132 [1990] 518 [ok reproduction])
[Schiaminossi Pr] Schiaminossi, Rafaello (1570-p.1619). The Ancient Public Square of Monte della Vernia, from Views of Monte della Vernia. etching. Includes a rather large clapper bell hanging from a tree. (IB vol. 38, no. 135)
Views: [Pa no location] Italian (?), early 17th century. View of the Piazza Navona, Rome. no location. Includes two bells in a slender bell tower. (Early Music 22 [1994] 562-63 [ok color reproduction, but in page crease])
Clerics: [Guercino Dr] Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) (1591-1666). A Kneeling Monk Holding a Candle and Ringing a Bell. London art market (1977). (Burlington 139 [1997] January ad p. xvi [ok reproduction])
Demons/Devils: See also Saints, St. Anthony.