PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg). Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
Note: bells in belfries and handbells are clapper bells unless otherwise noted.
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Other: [Aertsen Pa] Aertsen, Pieter (1509-1575). Christ Shown to the People. location unknown (London art market 1933). Includes a bell in a bell tower. (Friedländer XIII, no. 310, pl. 155)
Vice/Virtue: [Monogrammist AP Pr] Monogrammist AP (fl. ca.1540-45). The Consequences of Drink. woodcut. A scene in an inn/brothel. There is a hurdy-gurdy player outside the door. A crippled musician plays a fiddle. Another figure plays a flute. There is a fool with a belled cap. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 168 [not exhibited]; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 62)
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Fools: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
[Mander Pr] Mander, Karel van (1547-1606) (after). "Libet qui caret" (1595). The illustration is dominated by a fool's cap with pellet bells. (exh Washington NGA, 1984: Watteau. p. 523 [small reproduction, not exhibited])
[Mander-Gheyn Pr] Jacques de Gheyn (Jacob II) (1565-1629) after Karel van Mander. The Parable of the Prodigal Son (1596). engraving. Includes a fool with pellet bells on his clothing. (Hollstein [Dutch] VII, no. 410, p. 185 [small reproduction]; C. S. Ackley. Printmaking in the Age of Rembrandt [exh Boston, St. Louis, 1980-81]. Boston 1981. no. 12, p. 24 [ok reproduction]; J. R. Judson. Dirck Barendsz. Amsterdam 1970. fig. 162; exh The Frick Art Museum, Pittsburg, 1986: Gardens of Earthly Delight ... no. 13, p. 36; Muziek & Grafiek no. 37, p. 89 [ok reproduction]; Art Quarterly 35 [1972] 168 [small reproduction])
Job: [Mandyn Pa] Mandyn, Jan (1500-1560), attr. The Trials of Job. Douai, Musée de la Chartreuse. Includes a figure blowing a straight trumpet with a pellet bell on its banner. (exh The Hague, Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder, 1994: Music and Painting in the Golden Age. p. 217 [ok reproduction, not exhibited]; Early Music 7 [1979] 10 [ok reproduction], as attr. Pieter Huys; Trésors des Musées de Province, II. Paris 1958. unnumbered page; 1967 catalog. Peintures. unnumbered page)
Last Judgement: [P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (op. 1545-1571). Last Judgement. Brussels MRBA. The grisaliie border ncludes a grotesque with a handbell. (1984 catalog, p. 150 [minuscule reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.H985.39L)
[Mandyn Pa] Mandyn, Jan (1599-1560). Last Judgement. London art market (1960). It has numerous musical references, including a clapper bell dangling from the bell of a straight trumpet played by a grotesque. (Connoisseur 145 [1960] June supplement, p. 78 [color reproduction])
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
[Bol-Momper Pr] Bartholomeus de Momper (1535-1597?) after Hans Bol (1534-1593). Feast in a Garden Pavilion/The Parable of the Prodigal Son (1559). engraving (from two plates). The principal scene depicts the Prodigal Son among the whores. Outside the pavilion a woman plays a lute. On the ground beside her there are a lute case (open), a flute case, a flute and a recorder. Inside the pavilion a woman plays a virginal and men play flute and shawm. There is a clapper bell in a little belfry over the gatehouse at the left. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 218, p. 53 [useless reproduction]; Gitarre & Laute II/3 [May-June 1980] 28-29 [fine reproduction])
Other: [P I Bruegel Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), after. Christ in Limbo. engraving (pub. Hieronymus Cock). With eight musical angels. There is also a figure beating a clapper bell hanging in a dead tree. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 142; Lavalleye. pl. 116 [fine reproduction]; K. Meyer Baer. Music of the Spheres ... Princeton 1970. p. 320) Drawing: Vienna Albertina. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 55, p. 178 [ok reproduction])
[P I Bruegel-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Pieter I Bruegel. "Ego sum ostium ovium"/The Good Shepherd. engraving. Includes a clapper bell around a sheep's neck. Another hangs from a shepherd's waist. (IB vol. 56, no. 5601.032, p. 120 [ok reproduction]; Lavalleye pl. 142 [fine reproduction]; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. pl. XCIV)
Virgin, Death of: [P I Bruegel Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569) (after). The Death of the Virgin. engraving. A monk at the foot of the Virgin's bed holds a handbell. (Lavalleye. pl. 165 [fine reproduction]; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. pl. CI)
St. Anthony: [Pa El Escorial] Flemish, 16th century. The Temptation of St. Anthony. El Escorial. Grotesques play lute and "nose trumpet." Others hold a bagpipe and dangle a clapper bell. (El Escorial ... Madrid 1967. fig. 349 [ok color reproduction])
[P I Bruegel School Pa] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), School. The Temptation of St. Anthony. Genoa art market (1952). A grotesque rides a flying, mouse-like creature, with two clapper bells dangling from the bridle. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 46 [ok detail])
[P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (ca.1520-ca.1584). The Temptation of St. Anthony. New York Metropolitan. Includes a demon in a tree, ringing a clapper bell (it has a rope but he rings it rather like a handbell). Probably a reference to a hermit's bell. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 72 [poor reproduction]; 1980 catalog: European Paintings ... no. 15.133, p. 364 [minuscule reproduction] [1995 edition the same, but a bit clearer])
Other: [Mandyn Follower Pa] Mandyn, Jan (2500-1560), Follower. St. Christopher. Dessau, Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie. A grotesque in a tree house plays a lute. There is a clapper bell hanging on a tree. (B. Werche, ed. Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie Dessau. Die altniederländischen und flämischen Gemälde des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts. Kritischer Bestandskatalog, Bd. 2. Weimar 2001. no. 30, color pl. 7)
[M de Vos-H Wierix Pr] Hieronymus Wierix (1551/3-1619) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). "Age Quisquis ..."/ St. Christopher (1586). Includes a bell in the belfry of a church in the background. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1088, p. 91)
[M de Vos-H Wierix Pr] _______. St. Mary Magdalene. engraving. Includes a bell in the belfry of a chapel in the background. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1122, p. 101)
[M de Vos-Anon Pr] Anon., after Maarten de Vos. St. Nicholas. engraving. Includes a bell in the belfry of a church in the background. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1130, p. 103)
Folly: See also Allegory, Vanitas.
Life and Death: [Ms Oxford BL Douce 373] Flemish (prieuré de Sept-Fontaines), 16th century. L'arbre de la mort du corps et de l'âme, from Gilles van der Hecken, Labyrinthe (1530). Oxford BL, Ms Douce 373, fol. 5v. manuscript drawing. Includes seven clapper bells. (M. Smeyers. L'art de la miniature flamande ... Tournai 1998. p. 493 [ok color reproduction]. "Représentation unique des campanile inferni ou cloches de l'enfer qui sont sonnées par Belzebuth" [p. 492].)
[P I Bruegel Pa] Bruegel, Pieter I (ca.1525/30-1569). The Triumph of Death. Madrid Prado. A woman sings and a dying man plays a lute (a flute and case of flutes beside him) as Death fiddles behind him. Skeletons play hurdy-gurdy, violin (?) and kettledrum. Skeletons ring a large bell hung from a tree. A skeleton on a nag drawing a wagonload of skulls carries a lantern and rings a handbell, rather like an acolyte in a procession to the last rites. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 39 [detail of the skeleton on the nag]; B. Claessens and J. Rousseau. Our Bruegel. Antwerp 1969. p. 204 [fair color reproduction]; F. Grossmann. Bruegel: The Paintings. London 2/1966. pl. 20 [whole], pl. 26 [detail of the skeletons ringing the bell]. 3/1973 as Pieter Bruegel. Complete Edition of the Paintings. pll. 32, 38; R. H. Marijnissen. Bruegel de Oude. Brussels 1969. p. 47 [ok color reproduction]; R. H. Marijnissen. Bruegel. New York 1971. p. 119 [fine detail with the skeletons on the wagon with hurdy-gurdy and handbell]; 124 [detail of the skeletons ringing the bell on the tree]; W. Stechow. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. New York n.d. p. 11 [fair color reproduction], p. 17; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. cat. no. 7, pll. XXI, XXII [detail]; Newsweek. Great Museums of the World. Prado. New York 1968. pp.136-137 [fine color reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B833.4T)
Months/Zodiac (February/Pisces): [M de Vos-C I de Passe Pr] Crispijn I de Passe (ca.1565-1637) after Maarten de Vos (1632-1603). February/Pisces, from a Twelve Months series. engraving (tondo). Carnival. A reveller plays a grate and tongs and has anklets of bells. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1443, p. 217 [small reproduction], as Shrove Tuesday, probably engraved by Crispijn I de Passe; Muziek & Grafiek no. 86, p. 129 [ok reproduction])
Senses (Hearing): [A Francken Pr] Francken (Vrancx), Ambrosius (1544-1618). "Afbeelding van de vyf sinnen"/The Five Senses. engraving. Five children with five animals. One of the children has a frame drum (an attribute of Childhood as well as Hearing). There is also a clapper bell. (Hollstein [Dutch] VII, no. 2, p. 7)
Vanitas: [Baltens Pr] Baltens, Pieter (b.ca.1520-op. ca.1540-1598) (after). "Chorea mundi"/"Dens dans des Werelts." engraving. Lady World, stepping on a pile of straw, is surrounded by a circle of wildly dancing figures, two of them fools. They have anklets and wristlets of bells, and one of them (standing on his head) has two strings of bells across his chest and around his back. Another figure plays a bladder pipe and has a little violin (pochette) in his pocket. (Hollstein I [Dutch] p. 83; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 80, p. 126 [ok reproduction]; exh Amsterdam RM 1976: Tot Lering en Vermaak ... p. 178 [tiny reproduction, not exhibited]; exh Philadelphia 1984: Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting. p. 263 [tiny reproduction, not exhibited])
Vice/Virtue: [P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (ca.1525/30-1569). "Desidia"/Sloth, from a series of the Vices. Vienna Albertina. drawing. A peasant leans out of a tree house, ringing a handbell. There are four clapper bells hung from the tree-house tree. He holds a hammer as if to strike a bell, which hardly seems necessary since each of the four bells has its own rope. The bells are to awaken the lazy -- in vain. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 39, p. 162 [ok reproduction]; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. pl. CX)
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] _______. "Fides"/Faith, from a series of the Virtues. Amsterdam RM. drawing. A musician, near a wedding ceremony, plays a pipe and tabor (deep). In the church, near a small altar, there is a clapper bell (like a household bell) hung on a column, which is rung by pulling a little rope. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 45, p. 168 [ok reproduction]; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. pl. CX) Engraving, pub. H. Cock. (Lavalleye pl. 62 [fine reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] _______. "Invidia"/Envy, from a series of the Vices. Private collection. drawing. Includes a bell tolling from a little dormer window. A funeral procession passes below. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 38, p. 161 [ok reproduction]) Engraving (Lavalleye pl. 46 [fine reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Dr/Pr] _______. "Ira"/Anger, from a series of the Vices. Private collection. drawing. Includes a bell hung beside a tent in a tree, rung by a (hermit?) monk. (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 37, p. 160 [ok reproduction]) Engraving, pub. H. Cock (1558). (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 137; Lavalleye pl. 41 [fine reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Pr] _______ (after). "Patientia"/Patience (1557), from a series of the Virtues. pub. H. Cock. engraving. Includes a frog (?) ringing a handbell and a clapper bell hung in a tree. (Castelli Demoniaco. pl. 136; Lavalleye pl. 35 [fine reproduction])
[A Francken-Wierix Pr] Wierix after Ambrosius Francken (1544-1618), attr. The Triumph of Noon. engraving. Temeritas (rashness, heedlessness) brandishes a lute and a tambourine. Beneath her feet there is a small frame drum. Her horse has a collar of pellet bells. A woman plays a flute and a child dances to a jingle ring. (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 [1975] 48 [small reproduction])
[Hogenberg Pr] Hogenberg, Frans (ca.1540-ca.1590). The Battle between Carnival and Lent (1558). Includes a bell in a church belfry. (C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. cat. no. 21, pl. XV [small reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johannes I Sadeler (1550-ca.1600) after Maarten de Vos (1531-1603). "CONCIO SACRA," from a set of Nine Virtues Conquering Vices. engraving. Includes a vanquished figure, labelled "PSEVDO PROPHETE" (false prophecy), ringing two handbells, with a large curved horn across his chest. (Hollstein [Dutch] XXII, no. 542, p. 154; Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1188, p. 122 [small reproduction])
Other: [P I Bruegel Pa] Bruegel, Pieter I (1525/30-1569). Dulle Griet/Mad Meg. Antwerp, Museum Mayer van den Bergh. Just above her there is a curved horn on a banner. There are also a harp, coming out of a broken egg shell, plus a bell hanging in a tree. (D. Bax. Hieronymus Bosch ... Rotterdam 1979. p. 107; T. Foote et al. The World of Bruegel ... New York 1968. pp. 66-67 [ok color reproduction, but across the page crease]; F. Grossmann. Bruegel. The Paintings. London 1955. pll. 36, 38 [ok detail]; J. van Lennep. Art et alchemie. Brussels 1966. fig. 191; R. H. Marijnissen. Bruegel de Oude. Brussels 1969. p. 39 [color reproduction]; M. Seidel and R. H. Marijnissen. Brvegel. New York 1971. p. 153; C. de Tolnay. Pierre Bruegel l'ancien. Brussels 1935. cat. no. 21, pll. XXXIV [ok reproduction], XXXV [detail], XXXVI [detail with the harp and the bell]; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 32 [1969] 244 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B833.90[n])
[Bruegel-Galle Pr] Philips Galle after Pieter I Bruegel (1525/30-1569). Time Consuming Everything but Fame. engraving. Includes a clock in a tree with a bell struck by a hammer. (IB vol. 56, no. 5001.081, [fair reproduction]; Lavalleye p. 169 [fine reproduction])
See also Old Testament, Job.
Fairs/Festivals: [Bol Pa] Bol, Hans (1534-1593). The Kermis of St. George. London art market (1974). Includes figures in a cart: in front a bagpiper, in the back a man playing a lute and a woman singing (?). There is also a man holding a bagpipe, a handbell ringer and an unplayed (child's?) frame drum. (Burlington 116 [December 1974] Notable Works pl. XV)
[P I Bruegel-Hogenberg Pr] Frans Hogenberg (ca.1540-ca.1590) after Pieter I Bruegel (1525/30-1569). The Fair at Hoboken. drypoint etching. Depictions of two curved horns decorate the façade of the inn in the right foreground. There are also players of hurdy-gurdy and bagpipe, a fool with bells on his clothing, and a child's drum inside a circle of dancers. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. no. 1, p. 44 [ok reproduction], as 1559 [first state, with a kneeling man and pigs in the open space at the upper right]; Lavalleye pl. 56 [fine reproduction] [no kneeling man and pigs]; C. Brown. Images of a Golden Past. New York 1984. p. 188 [useless reproduction, kneeling man and pigs]) Drawing (reversed) in London, Courtauld Institute Gallery (Lee Collection). (H. Mielke. Pieter Bruegel. Die Zeichnungen. n.p. 1996. no. 44, p. 167 [ok reproduction]; exh Washington NGA, 1986-87: The Age of Bruegel ... no. 28, p. 99; Art History 10 [1987] fig. 6, opp. p. 297) =? Reverse drawing, ex coll. Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer Sale. Old Master Drawings. Christie's, London, July 1936. no. 223, pl. 57. (L. Münz. Brueghel, the Drawings. London 1961. cat. 141, pl. 139.) Note A. Monballieu. "De 'Kermis van Hoboken' bij P. Bruegel, J. Grimmer en G. Mostaert." Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerpen. 1974. pp. 139-169. This repr. p. 140 (as "Burijngravure" by Fr. Hogenberg), and p. 146 (detail).
Hunts and Hunters: [Stradanus-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Joannus Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523-1605). En route to the Blackbird Hunt. engraving. Includes a boy carrying a clapper bell. (IB vol. 56, Suppl., no. 5601.104.32, p. 432)
[Stradanus-Galle Pr] _______. Partridge Hunt with the Help of Camouflage. engraving. Includes a cow (with a cowbell around its neck) used for a hunter to hide behind. (IB vol. 56, Suppl., no. 5601.104.30, p. 430)
Dancers: See also Allegory, Vanitas.
Fools: See also Allegory, Vanitas; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoors, Fairs/Festivals.
[BI 's-Gravenhage 1642] Bruegel, Pieter I (1528-1569), after. Two Dancing Pilgrims, from Vertooninge Hoe de Pelegerimmen ... tot Meulebeeck danssen moeten ... 's-Gravenhage, Henricus Hondius, 1642. engraving. A fool plays a lute, a harp on his back and bells on his clothing. The other figure is a dancer with a cat on his shoulder. (Lavalleye pl. 121)
[P I Bruegel Pr] Bruegel, Pieter I (after). "Foey u verbuyckte dronckaerts sot." engraving. Inccludes a fool with pellet bells on his clothing. (Lavalleye pl. 159 [fine reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Pr] _______. La fête des fous. woodcut. At least four musical fools, including one playing a hurdy-gurdy. Others play fiddle. pipe and tabor and one-hand recorder. One, doing a hand-stand, has a bell ring around his waist. Several of the fools have anklets and kneelets of pellet bells, and pellet bells on their clothing. (Lavalleye. pll. 55 [fine reproduction], 59 [fine detail of the fool with the bell ring and a fool with bells on his clothing]; K. P. F. Moxey. "Pieter Brueghel and The Feast of Fools." Art Bulletin 64 [1982] 640-646, this reproduced p. 641 [ok reproduction]; Muziek & Grafiek p. 36 [small reproduction])
[P I Bruegel Pr] _______. The Fall of the Magician Hermogenes. Pub. H. Cock (1565). engraving. Includes a tumbling fool with an armlet of bells and a bell ring around his hip. Another fool, playing a frame drum, has an anklet of bells (around his calf, actually). (Lavalleye. pl. 139 [fine reproduction])
[G van Groeningen-Galle Pr] Philips Galle (1537-1612) after Gerard van Groeningen (op. second half, 16th century). Wine as the Greatest Power, from a series of The Four Greatest Powers. engraving. Incluedes a fool with a belled cap. very unimp. (IB vol. 56, Suppl., no. 5601.075.2, p. 293)
[Hogenberg Pr] Hogenberg, Frans (ca.1540-ca.1590). "Stultorum chorea"/The Dance of Fools. engraving. There are lots of bells on the fools' clothing. (Hollstein [Dutch] IX, no. 41, p. 51; Naylor Trumpet and Trombone. no. 16; Art Bulletin64 [1982] 645)
[Master of the Prodigal Son Pa] Master of the Prodigal Son (op. ca. 1530-1560). The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Vienna KH. Includes two rather tattered figures playing flute/fife and deep drum, and a crippled beggar with a lute on his back. There is also a fool with anklets of pellet bells and pellet bells on his tunic. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 6, as ca. 1550; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 71; G. Marlier. "L'Atelier du Maître du Fils Produgue." in Antwerp KMSK Jaarboek 1961, pp. 75-112, this reproduced p. 76, as Antwerp artist, op. mid-16th century; Vis. Coll. 374.1.C596.25P, as by Hendrik III von Cleve)
[Metsys Pr] Metsys, Cornelis (a.1508-p.1550). Peasants in an Inn. engraving. One of the peasants is getting his pocket picked. There is a fool with anklets of paired rows of pellet bells. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 172 [ok reproduction, not exhibited, with translation of the caption])
Hermits: [P Huys Pa] Huys, Pieter (op. 1545-1571). The Tribulations of the Wise Men (Hermits). Brussels art market (1972). Grotesques carry a lute and play a straight trumpet. There is a hermit's bell hanging from a tree. (Burlington 114 [1972] April ad p. xciii, May ad p. xxxix)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johann (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) and Raphael I Sadeler (1532-1603) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Gamelbertus (a hermit), no. 19, from Trophaeum vitae solitariae (Venice 1598). engraving. He prays in a tiny chapel on a tiny island in a river. There is a bell in the chapel belfry. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1043, p. 81)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Guduualdus (a hermit), no. 9 as above. He kneels beside a cave on a tiny island in a turbulent harbor. There is a clapper bell hung on a rack near his cave. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1033, p. 80)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Fulgentius (a hermit), no. 5 from Sylvae sacrae monumenta anachoritarum (1594). engraving. There is a clapper bell hanging in a tree beside a cave. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 999, p. 73, as 1593-94, 1594 is the title-page date)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Nicoleos (a hermit), no. 29 as above. He kneels outside a shed. There is a bell in the belfry of a rural stone church in the background. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1023, p. 77)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Leonardus (a hermit), no. 11 from Oraculum anachoreticum (Venice 1600). engraving. He reades quietly beneath a tree. There is a belfry on top of a little wayside shrine and a monk rings the bell. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI no. 1061, p. 84, as 1595-1600. 1600 is the date on the title page.)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Maglori (a hermit), no. 16 of the above. Maglori receives communion from an angel in a wayside chapel. There is a belfry on the roof with a bell. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1066, p. 85)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Landelinus (a hermit), no. 17 of the above. He prays beside a cliff. Includes a a bell in the belfry of a small rural chapel. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 1067, p. 85)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johann (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) or Raphael I Sadeler (1532-1603) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Theonas (a hermit), no. 7 of Solitudo sive vitae patrem Eremicolarum (1585-86). engraving. The hermit is beside a hut. There is a clapper bell hanging from a tree. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 971, p. 69 [small reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Helenum/Helanus (a hermit), no. 10 of the above. He is outside a ruined chapel. A clapper bell hangs from a rustic belfry or bell rack. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 974, p. 69 [small reproduction]. Notes a drawing, dated 1585, in Berlin.)
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Apelles (a hermit), no. 17 of the above. He reads beneath a tree. There is a bell in the belfry of a rustic chapel. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 981, p. 70 [small reproduction])
[M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. Piamon (a hermit), no. 28 of the above. He rings a clapper bell hung from a rack at the water's edge. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLVI, no. 992, p. 72)
Fools: [CI Rouen 1550] Cousin, Jean (ca.1522/25-ca.1595)?. Flora and Her Nymphs, from C'est la deduction du sumptueux ordre ... Rouen 1551, fol. 30. woodcut. Part of the festivities attendant on the triumphal visit of King Henry II of France and Queen Catherine de'Medici, 1-2 October, 1550. Includes a fool with a belled cap. very unimp. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 16)
David and Bathsheba: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Other: [H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). "Lamech und seine weyber"/Lamech and his Wives and Children, from a series of Old Testament Patriarchs and Their Families. woodcut. Lamech had one daughter (Naamah) and three sons (Jabal, Jubal and Tubal). Jubal was considered the inventor of music and here he is represented as a nude child playing a recorder. There are a tiny portative organ and a harp on the ground. Tubal was considered the first smith and "may be the eponymous ancestor of the people of that are mentioned in Ezekiel [Ezekiel xxvii, 13] in connexion with 'vessels of bronze'." (The Enclopaedia Britannica. 11/1911. vol. 16, p. 112). Here Tubal is another nude infant, holding a hammer and pointing to a rather substantial (bronze) clapper bell placed on the ground. (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. no. 82-I, p. 170)
Herod, Feast of: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Parables -- Other: [Dr Anon.] German, 16th century. The Good Samaritan. private collection. drawing. A street scene, with a bell in a tower. (U. Ruggeri. Corpus graphicum bergomense. Bergamo 2/1969. pl. 15)
St. Anthony: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Costume/Character Series.
Other: [Amman Pr] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). St. Nicholas as a Glutton on a Nag. Paris Louvre. drawing. St. Nicholas has a bandolier of clapper bells and his nag has a little clapper bell. (Revue du Louvre 14 [1964] 127)
Planets (Saturn): [Pencz Pr] Pencz, Georg (1500?-1550), attr. The Children of Saturn, from a Seven Planets series (1531). woodcut. There is a bell in the belfry of a little hermit's chapel. (Hollstein [German] XXXI, no. 89, p. 186 [ok reproduction]; Geisberg-Strauss no. G.990 [fine reproduction]; Hirth no. 289 [fine reproduction], as by Hans Sebald Beham; W. Kenton. Astrology, the Celestial Mirror. New York 1987. fig. 41 [ok reproduction], as by Hans Sebald Beham)
Planets (Sun): [Pencz Pr] Pencz, Georg (1500?-1550), attr. The Children of Sun, as above. Includes, on a balcony of a castle, a man playing a lute and a man and a woman singing (from a huge music sheet). The singing woman is one of only two women among the numerous figures. There is a bell in a clock tower. (Hollstein [German] XXXI, no. 92, p. 192 [ok reproduction]; Geisberg-Strauss G.993 [fine reproduction]; Hirth no. 288 [fine reproduction], as by Hans Sebald Beham; van Marle Iconographie, vol. I, p. 298 [ok reproduction])
Planets (Venus): [Pencz Pr] Pencz, Georg (1500?-1550), attr. The Children of Venus,as above. In the foreground, at the left, men sing and play harp and cornett and a woman sings. At the right, a man plays a tenor violin (da gamba) and a woman plays a lute. There is an open lute case nearby on the ground. There is a bell in a cupola. (Hollstein [German] XXXI, no. 93, p. 194 [ok reproduction]; Geisberg-Strauss no. G.994 [fine reproduction, with block of text]; Hirth no. 294 [fine reproduction], as by Hans Sebald Beham; Mirimonde Astrologie. p. 131, as by Hans Sebald Beham; J. C. Smith. Nuremberg, a Renaissance City. Austin TX 1983. exh no. 103, p. 205)
Political: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Vice/Virtue: [Amman Pr] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). The Bridge of Adultery of King Arthus. woodcut. Includes a bell in a tower. There is also a fool with a belled cap. (Hirth nos. 1095-1098 [fine reproduction]; Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. pp. 60-61)
Other: [H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). Arithmetria," from a Liberal Arts series. engraving. Includes two clapper bells. (IB vol. 15, no. 124, p. 82)
[H S Beham Pr] _______. "Ein neurver Spruch ..."/Luther and the Artisans. woodcut. Includes an unplayed clapper bell. (Geisberg-Strauss G. 222, p. 201 [fine reproduction]; K. Moxey. Peasants, Warriors, and Wives. Popular Imagery in the Reformation. Chicago 1989. p. 56. Notes [p. 58] that the godless complain that craftsmen such as bell-founders have been deprived of their livlihood.)
[L II Cranach Pr] Cranach, Lucas II (1515-1586). "Unterscheid zwischen der waren Religion Christi/ und falschen Abgöttlischen lehr des Antichrists in den fürnemsten stücken." woodcut (two blocks). On the right-hand block, the block of the Antichrist, there is a large clapper (church) bell on the ground, and a grotesque figure in a fool's costume, with large clapper bells. (Geisberg-Strauss no. 654-655, as Catholic Service, as ca.1545) There is a copy attr. Pancratz Kempf (op.1548-1570). (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. pp. 508-509)
[Sc Locarno Piazza Grande] Swiss, 1578. The Arms of the Baciocchi. Locarno, Piazza Grande, portale di Vicolo de Bossi. relief sculptue. Includes a clapper bell. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 60: Canton Ticino I. Basel 1972. p. 144)
Baths: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Fairs/Festivals: [H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). The Large Village Festival (1535). Printed by Albrecht Glockendon, Nuremberg. woodcut (four blocks). A wedding procession to the church (which has two belfries with bells) is accompanied by a shawmist and a bagpiper. Six couples dance beside a tumble-down inn, also accompanied by a shawmist and a bagpiper. (Geisberg-Strauss G.251-254 [fine reproduction]; Hirth no. 413-416; Lesure no. 93 [German], no. 83 [English] [left half only, without the dancers and their musicians]; K. Moxey. Peasants, Warriors, and Wives ... Chicago 1989. p. 62; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 61 [fair reproduction]; J. C. Smith. Nuremberg, A Renaissance City ... Austin TX 1983. no. 84, pp. 186-187; H. Zschelletzschky. Die "Drei gottlosen Maler" von Nürnberg ... Leipzig 1975. no. 270, pp. 334-337; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 72 [poor reproduction]; Simiolus 6 [1972-73] 166; Simiolus 12 [1981-82] 108-109; Die Weltkunst 48 [1978] 1724) Version by Barthel Beham (reversed, the church is at the right). (J. Muller. Barthel Beham. Kritischer Katalog. Strasbourg 1958. [SdK, 318] no. 125, as repetition of Hans Sebald Beham; MgB III/9, p. 70 [small reproduction]) Engraving by Jan Theodor de Bry. (Hollstein [German] IV, p. 31) Painting after the woodcut, Varese, Collegio De Filippi. (Arte lombarda 36 [1972] 134-135 [with a reproduction of the woodcut as well])
Garden Parties: [J II Breu Dr] Breu, Jörg II (ca.1510-1547). Figures on a Terrace (1534). private collection. Dancers are accompanied by players of flute and large frame drum. There is a bell in a tower. (loan exh 1969-70: Old Master Drawings from Chatsworth. no. 106; Vis. Coll. 373d.B76.91[a])
Processions/Cavalcades/Entrees/Parades: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals; Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Views: [Ms Munich BSB] Fischer, Sebastian (doc.1534). View of the East Side of the Zeitglocken of Bern, with its Astronomical Clock and its Mechanical Clock, from Fischer's Wanderbuch (1534). Munich BSB. drawing. Includes a fool with bells and a bell ringer. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 28: Kanton Bern Stadt I. Basel 1952. pp. 123 [fool], 125 [bell ringer])
[Woensam Pr] Woensam, Anton (ca.1500-ca.1541). Panoramic View of Cologne (1531). woodcut (nine blocks), published by Peter Quentell. Several of the many churches have visible bells in their towers. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1562-1570 [fine reproduction])
Animals: [Amberger Pr] Amberger, Christoph (doc.1530-m.1561/2). The Sleigh Ride of King Ferdinand. woodcut. Includes pellet bells on the horse's harness. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.49/50 [fine reproduction])
[H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550), attr. Sleighs. woodcut. There are six of them, each drawn by a horse with bells on its harness. In one of them a pair of militiary figures (Swiss mililtia) in the sleigh play flute/fife and drum. (Geisberg-Strauss G.240-245, as ca.1530; Hirth no. 374 [G.240]; MgB III/9, Abb. 51 [G.240])
[J II Breu Pr] Breu, Jörg II (ca.1510-1547). Emperor Charles V and King Ferdinand in Two Sleighs. woodcut. Includes pellet bells on the horses' harnesses. (Geisberg-Strauss no. 405-406 [poor impression], as ca.1540)
[Lorch Dr] Lorichs (Lorch), Melchior (ca.1527-1583 or later). Dromedary Carrying a Kettledrummer. Paris Louvre. drawing. The dromedary is festooned with clapper and pellet bells. (R. Bacon. Great Drawings of the Louvre, III: The German, Flemish and Dutch Drawings. New York 1968. no. 27; Revue du Louvre 14 [1964] 125)
Clerics: [H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). "Der Antboniter orden," from Das Babstum mit seynen glidern ... (1526). woodcut. Attire of the Clercs and the Holy Orders (Geisberg-Strauss). A member of the Antonite order carries a double cross with a clapper bell (a reference to St. Anthony) affixed to its upright. He is accompanied by a pig (another reference to St. Anthony). (Geisberg-Strauss G.226, p. 207)
Costume/Character Series: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Clerics.
Dancers: [Ms Nuremberg GNM Hs 5664] German (Nuremberg) after 1539. Carnival Dance of the Butchers, 1519, from the Schembarthandschrift D2, fol. 66. Nuremberg GNM Hs 5664. drawing. The dancers are accompanied by musicians playing two pommers and a trombone. Some of the the dancers have belts of bells. (MgB III/9, Abb. 27 [color reproduction])
Fools: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue; Allegory, Other.
[CI Dresden 1574] Daniel Bretschneider (ca.1550-p.1625) after Friedrich Bercht (doc.1570-m.1585). Musicians from the Procession to the Ring-Race for Carnival, Shrove Tuesday, at the Court of Elector August of Saxony, Dresden, 23 March 1574, from Contrafactur des Ringkrennens ... Dresden 1582. engraving. One group, dressed as fools with belled caps, plays cornetts and tenor shawms. (Bowles Musical Ensembles. fig. 33)
[Pr Anon.] German, ca.1540. Der Nasentanz/The Nose-Dance. woodcut. Two of the fools have belled caps. unimp. (Geisberg-Strauss. no. 1586)
[Pr Anon.] German, 16th century. The Man-Trap. woodcut. An allegory of the power of women. A woman with a music scroll and a choir master's baton (virgula) holds forth before a cage full of men (fools,mostly, some of whom have bells on their caps). (Hirth no. 328)
[Amman Pr] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). "Der Geltnarr", from Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stände auff Erden ... (1568). woodcut. He has bells on his cap. (Hirth no. 1267. Also "Der Fressend Narr,"no. 1268 and "Der Schalcksnarr," no. 1269)
[H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). Bath/Fountain of Youth. Printed by Albrecht Glockendon, Nuremberg. woodcut (4 blocks). Includes a fool with a belled cap and a sort of clapper stick with bells. (Geisberg-Strauss G.263-266, as ca.1536; J. C. Smith. Nuremberg, A Renaissance City ... Austin TX 1983. no. 85, pp. 188-89, as ca. 1536. Notes that there were two editions of the print; MgB III/9, Abb. 54)
[H S Beham Pr] Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-1550). The Feast of Herod. pub. by Albrecht Glockendon. woodcut. Includes a fiddling fool with bells on his cap. (Geisberg-Strauss G.179-80, as ca. 1530, printed by Albrecht Glockendon from two blocks [fine reproduction]; H. Daffner. Salome ... Munich 1912. plate after p. 204; J. C. Smith. Nuremberg, a Renaissance City. Austin TX 1983. exh no. 82, p. 184, as ca. 1530-35)
[Brosamer Pr] Brosamer, Hans (fl.1537-1552). Bathsheba at the Bath. woodcut (nine blocks). Includes a fool with a belled cap. (Hollstein [German] IV, no. 71, p. 235, as cut by Martin Brosamer, 1554)
[Brun Pr] Brun, Franz (op. 1559-1590). Three Fools, from a series of Fools. engraving. One plays a lute and one holds a bagpipe. They have bells on their clothing. (Hollstein [German] V, nos. 92-95, p. 15)
[H II Deutsch Pr] Deutsch, Hans II (1525-1571) (The Monogrammist H.W.B.). The Prodigal Son with the Harlots. woodcut. "Pamlages" plays a flute and "Pantholabus," a fool, has a belled cap. (C. Slim. The Prodigal Son at the Whores' ... Irvine CA 1976. p. 5. Notes is a reversed version of a print by Jörg I Breu [which has no fool].)
[Hanberg Pr] Hanberg, Hans (doc.1568). Portrait of a Fool, Facing Left (1568). woodcut. He wears a belled cap. Clear illustration. (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. p. 409)
[Kempf Pr] Kempf, Pancratz (op.1548-1570). "Des Interims und Interimisten ... (1548)." woodcut. Includes a fool with a belled cap. (Geisberg-Strauss G.923, p. 856, as by Master BP; Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. p .502. A satire on the Augsburg Interim, 1548)
[Lang Dr] Lang, Hieronymus (1541-1582). Schutzenfest. Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle. drawing (Scheibenriss). Includes a fool with a belled cap. (Salmen Spielmann. Abb. 112)
[Master CB Pr] Master CB (fl. 1531). Frieze with Children. woodcut. Two of the children, with the militia' s feathered hats, play flute/fife and drum. There is also a fool with a belled cap embracing a woman. (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. p. 237)
[Rauch Pr] Rauch, Matthäus (op.1568-1620). The Parable of the Prodigal Son. woodcut (8 blocks). Includes a fool with rings of bells around his knees. (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. p. 855)
[H II Vogtherr Pr] Vogtherr, Heinrich II (1513-1568). A Fool. woodcut. He has bells on his cap. (Geisberg-Strauss no. 1468, as ca.1540)
[H II Vogtherr Pr] _______. The Procuress. woodcut. A fool with a belled cap leans in the window. (Geisberg-Strauss no. 1469, as ca.1537)
Grotesques: See also Allegory, Other.
Other: [Sc Nuremberg GNM] German (Nuremberg?), 16th century. Grape Harvester. Nuremberg GNM. bronze statuette. He has a large basket on his back, hung with large pellet bells. (van Marle Iconographie. vol. I, p. 436)
[Wsc Bern Glockentürmchen] Swiss, ca.1530. "Hans von Thann, the bell-striker of the Glockentürmchen. Bern, Glockentürmchen. lindenwood figure. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 28: Kanton Bern Stadt I. Basel 1952. p. 125)
[Amman Pr] Amman, Jost (1539-1591). "Der Glockengiesser"/The Bell-Founder, from Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stände auff Erden ... (1568). woodcut. Items in the foundry include a cannon, kettles, and two large clapper bells. (IB vol. 20/2, no. 8.51, p. 680; Hirth no. 1210) From Piazza universale. Frankfurt am Main 1641. (Jursch 1956/57. Abb. 3, with Latin text)
[Amman Pr] _______. "Die Pfaffen," as above. An acolyte, holding up the train of the robe of a priest, rings a handbell in his other hand as they proceed along a road to administer the last rites to a dying person. (IB vol. 20/2, no. 8.5, p. 669, as The Pfaffe, and no. 8.127, p. 699, as The Chaplain; Hirth no. 1160)
[Amman Pr] _______. Der Schellenmacher, as above. His little shop displays many bells, mostly pellet bells, but there are also two handbells (clapper bells). (IB vol. 20/2, no. 8.56, p. 681; Hirth no. 1230; MGG XI, col. 1798)
[Amman Pr] _______. "Der Uhrmacher"/The Clock-Maker, as above. Among the clock parts there is a bell. (Hirth no. 1223)
[Stimmer Pr] Stimmer, Tobias (1539-1584). The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, 6: Priest, Deacon and Acolyte. woodcut. The Deacon rings a handbell as they proceed to administer the last rites to a dying person. (Strauss The German Single-Leaf Woodcut. p. 1057)
St. Anthony: [Palma Giovane Pa] Palma, Jacopo (Palma Giovane) (1544-1628). Visit of St. Anthony to St. Paul the Hermit. Traù, Franciscan Church of St. Anthony. St. Anthony has a small clapper bell at the top of his staff. (Burlington 144 [2002] 36 [small reproduction])
[Veronese Pa] Veronese, Paolo (1528-1588). The Virgin and Child with Angels appearing to SS Anthony Abbot and Paul the Hermit (1562). private collection (painted for the monastery church of San Benedetto in Po, near Mantua). There is a clapper bell on the ground. unimp. (Apollo 107 [1978] 245 [ok color reproduction])
Jursch 1956/57 = H. Jursch. "Die Glocke in der bildenden Kunst." Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena6 [1956/57)