PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear.
However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to
Mary Rasmussen
Music Department
University of New Hampshire
Durham NH 03824 (USA)
I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. Sorry.
The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg).
Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page.
Note: bells in belfries and handbells are clapper bells unless otherwise noted.
Fools: [Ms Oxford BL Hatton 10] British, late-15th century - ca.1500. Initial "E," from Statutes of England to 1495. Oxford BL Ms Hatton 10, fol. 43. manuscript illumination. Includes a fool with big bells on his clothing in the initial. (O. Pächt and J. J. G. Alexander. Illustrated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, vol. III: British, Irish and Icelandic Schools. Oxford 1973. cat. 1168, pl. CVII)
[Wsc art market] French carver working in England?, late-15th - early 16th century. Jester. London art market (1972). wood sculpture (house decoration). He has pellet bells dangling from his tunic and circlets of bells at the tops of his socks. A particularly good example. (Burlington 114 [1972] April ad p. cxiii)
Last Judgement: [Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Last Judgement, central panel from the Last Judgement altarpiece. Bruges, Stedelijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Groeninge Museum. Includes, in Hell, a bell with a man as a clapper. (Friedländer V, no. 86, pll. 69-70; HammersteinDiabolus. nos. 162-165; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.39J)
Parables -- Prodigal Son: [Gl private collection] Dutch (Leiden), ca. 1520 (after Pieter Cornelisz Kunst [b. ca. 1490, doc.1514-1532]?). The Prodigal Son at a Ball, from a Prodigal Son series. location unknown. stained glass roundel. The dancers are accompanied by players of shawm/pommer and pipe (long) and tabor. There is a fool among the dancers, with bells on his belt and perhaps anklets of bells. (K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 16; exh Amsterdam, 1958: Middeleeuwse Kunst der noordelijke Nederlanden. no. 244, fig. 111)
St. Anthony: [Bosch Dr] Bosch, Hieronymous (ca.1450-1516). The Temptation of St. Anthony. Berlin SMPK KsK. drawing. Includes a bell dangled by a frog from the back of a grotesque. (Friedländer V, pl. 126)
Folly: [Lucas van Leyden Pr] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533), attr. The Ship of St. Reynuyt, or the Ship of Mismanagement (1520). woodcut. In the bow of a beached ship (the "Ship of St. Reynuyt") figures play an enormous reverse-curve horn and a straight trumpet. In a boat four clerics sing from a choirbook, accompanied by an organist. There is a bell in the belfry of a little chapel, struck by a figure with a hammer, who seems to dampen the rim of the bell with his other hand. (Hollstein [Dutch] X, no. 45 , p. 223; Lavalleye no. 224; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970, Abb. 1, as Netherlands, ca. 1520; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 70, as Netherlands artist)
[Bosch-van der Heyden Pr] Pieter van der Heyden (ca.1530?-m.1572) after Hieronymous Bosch (ca.1450-1516) (?). The Cutting of the Cobblestones/Het scheren van de zot. published by H. Cock. engraving. Includes a fool with a fiddle leaning on the chair beside him and with a pellet bell on his costume. A child holds a recorder. (Muziek & Grafiek no. 83, p. 128)
Heaven/Hell: See also New Testament, Last Judgement.
[Bosch Pa] Bosch, Hieronymus (ca.1450-1516). Hell, from the Altarpiece of the Garden of Earthly Delights. Madrid Prado. Includes a bell with a man for a clapper (beneath the animal skull). (Reuterswärd cat. 44, p. 249 [poor reproduction]; Boczkowska, A. "The crab, the sun, the moon and Venus: Studies in the iconology of Hieronymus Bosch's triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights." Oud-Holland 91 [1977] 197-231 [with miscellaneous detail reproductions]; L. Dixon. Alchemical Imagery in Bosch's Garden of Delights. Ann Arbor 1981; L. Dixon. "Bosch's 'Garden of Delights' Triptych: Remnants of a 'Fossil' Science'." Art Bulletin 63 [1981] 96-113; Friedländer V, no. 110, pll. 100-102 [poor reproduction]; Hammerstein Diabolus. nos. 172-176; J. Lenneberg. "Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights': Some musicological considerations and criticisms." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 103 [1961] 135-144 [Dixon pp. 135-155] [not seen]; R. H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere. Hieronymus Bosch. Das vollständige Werk. Antwerp 1999. pp. 84-85 [small color reproduction of the whole triptych], 134 [color reproduction of Hell]; Vis. Coll. 374.1.B652.39T)
Angels: [Geertgen Pa] Geertgen tot Sint Jans (op. late 15th century). Virgin and Child. Rotterdam BvB. A myriad of angels, including one beating a shallow bell (gong?, no clapper) with a rod, one ringing a pair of pellet bells, one with a pair of pellet bells and clappers (? a sort of little percussion bouquet), one ringing a pair of clapper bells (handbells), and one with six pellet bells strung on a string. The Christ Child seems to ring two pellet bells (which seem to have no pellets). (Friedländer V, Add. 139; J. F. Friedländer. "Zu Geertgen tot Sint Jans." Maandblad voor Beeldende Kunst 25 [1949] 186-188; E. Winternitz. Musical Instruments and their Symbolism in Western Art. London 1967. pl. 65b [usless reproduction], pl. 64 [detail of the upper left quarter, including the angels with the shallow bell and the pair of pellet bells, plus the Christ Child]; E. Panofsky. Early Netherlandish Painting ... Cambridge 1954. p. 495; M. Pincherle. An Illustrated History of Music. transl. R. Myers. New York 1959. p. 30 [splendid color reproduction]; Musica calendar 1965: 12-25 December [fine color reproduction])
Animals: [Lucas van Leyden Pr] Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). David, Solomon and Roboam, from a series of the Twelve Kings of Israel. woodcut. All three are on horseback. David plays his harp. Solomon's horse seems to have pellet bells on its harness and Roboam seems to have spiral, cone-shaped pellet bells hanging from his belt. (Lavalleye no. 242 [fine reproduction])
Fools: See also New Testament, Parables -- Prodigal Son; Allegory, Folly.
[Bosch-Heyden Pr] Pieter van der Heyden (ca.1530-ca.1572) after Hieronymus Bosch (ca. 1450-1516). Shrove Tuesday/Dutch Kitchen. pub. H. Cock. engraving. Includes an itinerant couple, he playing lute, she singing. A female reveller plays grate and tongs; a fool has bells on his cap, cape, belt and knees; and a robed figure leaning out a window blows a bladder pipe. (Hollstein [Dutch] III, no. 25, p. 140 [poor reproduction]; D. Bax. Hieronymus Bosch ... Rotterdam 1979. p. 184; Muziek & Grafiek no. 84, p. 128 [ok reproduction])
Putti: [Cornelisz van Amsterdam Pa] Cornelisz van Amsterdam (van Oostsanen), Jacob (ca. 1470-1533). Virgin and Child. Arnhem, Gemeentemuseum. Statuary angels play lute and recorder. Elsewhere putti play hurdy-gurdy, fiddle, harp, recorder and pellet bells played as handbells. (Friedländer XII no. 240, pl. 130; 1965 catalog: Schilderijen, p. 36 [little color reproduction]; exh Rotterdam BvB, 1936: Jeroen Bosch, Noord-nederlandsche primitieven. no. 91, fig. 91; Vis. Coll. 374.C813.34C) Copy (with variations): Bamberg, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen. (van Dijk-Koopman no. 10)
St. John the Baptist: [Bles Pa] Bles, Herri Met de (1480-1550). John the Baptist Preaching. Brussels MRBA. Includes a tower up on a big rock with a clock with two bells. (1984 catalog, Inv. 3363, p. 23 [minuscule, useless reproduction])
Other: [Cock Pa] Cock, Jan de (doc.1506-m.a.1529). St. Christopher. private collection. Includes a clapper bell hanging from a stick just below the top of a cliff, below a hermitage. (Friedländer XI, no. 104, pl. 89)
Music: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
Animals: [Ta art market] Flemish (Tournai), early 16th century. Scenes of Country Life/La vie pastorale. New York art market (1923). tapestry. Includes a gentleman with a curved horn hanging from a strap and a horse with about 8 large pellet bells on its harness. (Göbel I/2, no. 241 [fair reproduction])
[Master of Frankfurt Pa] Master of Frankfurt (op. ca. 1500-1520), attr. Archers' Festival in the Garden of the Guild, Antwerp. Antwerp KMsK. There are several musical figures, including a lady playing a dulcimer. Her lap dog has pellet bells on its collar. (P. Vandenbroeck. Catalogus schilderijen 14e en 15e eeuw [Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten]. Antwerp 1985. Afb. 42 [rather small color reproduction], text pp. 97-103b; F. Cardini. Europe 1492, Portrait of a Continent Five Hundred Years Ago. New York 1989. p. 99 [splendid color reproduction, slightly cropped]; Friedländer VII [1971] cat. no. 164, pl. 118. text p. 55: probably painted shortly before 1493; text p. 56: painted shortly after 1490; MgB III/8, p. 157; Vis. Coll. 374.1.M3923.90[a])
St. Anthony: [Brea Pa] Brea, Antoine (Antonio) (op. ca.1516-18). St. Anthony. Genoa, Palazzo Bianco. He has two bells on a staff. (L.- H. Labande. Les Brea. Nice 1937. pl. XXXVIII)
[Ms London BL Harley 4425] Franco-Flemish, ca.1490. Le Jardin de Deduit/The Garden of Mirth, from the Roman de la Rose. London BL Ms Harley 4425, fol. 12 v. manuscript illumination. There seem to be conical, spiral pellet bells hanging from Amant's/The Lover's belt. (E. Closson et al. La musique en Belgique ... Brussels 1950. p. 93; J. V. Fleming. The Roman de la Rose, a Study in Allegory and Iconography. Princeton 1969. p. not recorded; Lesure pl. 5 [G & E]; MgB III/8, p. 93, as Flemish, ca.1490; The New Grove vol. 4, p. 139 [fair detail])
Animals: [BI Paris 1518] Anon. Illustration from Apuleus, l'Ane d'or. Paris 1518. woodcut. The donkey (preceded by a monkey playing a flute) has pellet bells on his collar and his caparison, including a rather large one on his rump. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 108 [Sept. 1986] Chronique des Arts no. 1412, p. 8. Notes exh Nantes, Musée Dobrée: Les premiers graveurs français)
[Ta private collection] French (Tournai), ca.1520. Hunting with Crossbow and Falcon. private collection. tapestry. There seem to be bells on the horse's harness. (exh New York Metropolitan 1974: Masterpieces of Tapestry ... no. 59, p. 142 [tiny reproduction])
[Ta private collection] French (Tournai), ca.1520. The Picnic. private collection. tapestry. There seem to be bells on the horses' harnesses. (exh New York Metropolitan 1974: Masterpieces of Tapestry ... no. 60, p. 142 [tiny reproduction])
Dancers: [Ms Oxford BL Douce 276] French, early 16th century. Dancing Peasants, from a Book of Hours. Oxford BL Ms Douce 176, fol. 41v. manuscript illumination (bas-de-page). A bagpiping shepherd accompanies two male dancers, each with three rows of bells around the calf of each leg. (Imago musicae 4 [1987] 103)
Fools: [BI Lyons 1492] Anon. Initial L, from Le Livre de Matheolus ... Lyons, Claude Dayne, 1492. woodcut. Includes a fool (bells on his cap) embracing a woman. (A. M. Hind. An Introduction to a History of Woodcut. Boston 1935, R/New York 1963. vol. II, p. 613)
[BI Paris 1500] Anon. Illustrations from Jodocus Badius Ascensius, Stultiferae Naves. Paris, Thielman Kerver, 1500. woodcut. Fools with bells on caps, clothing and armbands. (exh Cremona, 1996-97: I cinque sense nell'arte/Immagini del sentire. ed. S. Ferino-Pagden. no. III.3, pp. 97-99 [ships with representations of Adam and Eve and the Five Senses])
[Ta Boston MFA] French, first quarter, 16th century. Allegory of Music. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts. tapestry. "Musique," enthroned, points with her right hand to a sheet of music or poetry presented by the composer or poet. Her left hand rests on a positive organ. She is surrounded by a large number of musicians, including a fool holding a bagpipe, with bells on his costume and four circlets of bells around his legs. (A. S. Cavallo. Tapestries of Europe and Colonial Peru in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston 1967. vol. II, pl. 18)
[Ta Paris MAD] French (Tournai), early 16th century. Allegory of Unidentified Vices and Virtues. Paria MAD. tapestry. Includes a fool with a belled cap and a row of rather large pellet bells at the hem of his tunic. (van Marle Iconographie. vol. II, p. 95)
David dancing before the Ark/The transporting of the Ark of the Covenant: [BI Strasbourg 1485] Anon. David Taking the Holy Ark to Jerusalem, from a Bible. woodcut. Strasbourg, Johann Gruninger, 1485. woodcut. One of his followers rings handbells. (IB vol. 85 Suppl., no. 1485/129, p. 109)
Triumph of David: [BI Lübeck 1494] Anon. Triumph of David, from the Lübeck Bible. Lübeck, Steffen Arndes, 1494. woodcut. The Welcoming Women play fiddle, harp, lute and handbells (pellet bells). (R. Muther. German Book Illustration ... Transl. R. R. Shaw. Metuchen NJ, 1972. pl. 160)
[Gl London V&A] S. German, first half, 16th century. Triumph of David. London V&A (originally for the Cistercian Abbey of Mariawald). stained glass panel. The Welcoming Women play harp (only a fragment visible), triangle (with jingles) and a pair of handbells (the foremost woman). (1936 catalogue of stained glass, pl. 37, as Cologne, attr. Master of St. Severin, ca. 1510; Burlington 85 [1944] 272)
Other: [BI Cologne ca.1485] Anon. The Holy Garments of Aaron, the High Priest, from Postilla super totam bibliam. Cologne, Ulrich Zell, ca. 1485. woodcut. The hem of his garment has a row of bells, alternating clapper and pellet bells (no pomegranates, which, I suppose, look rather like pellet bells). From Exodus 28, 33-34: Deorsum vero, ad pedes eiusdem tunicae, per circuitum, quasi mala punica facies, ex hyacintho, et purpura, et cocco bis tincto, mixtis in medio tintinnabulis, ita ut tintinnabulum sit aureum et malum punicum: rursumque tintinnabulum aliud aureum et malum punicum. (And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about: A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about.) (IB vol. 85 Suppl., no. 1485/542, p. 177)
Nativity -- Adoration of the Magi: [Manuel Pa] Manuel, Niklaus (Deutsch) (1484-1530). Adoration of the Magi. Einsiedeln, Kloster. The oldest Magus has numerous pellet bells dangling from his collar. (exh Bern, Kunstmuseum, 1979: Niklaus Manuel Deutsch ... cat. no. 85, fig. 48)
Passion -- Via Dolorosa: [Vogtherr Pr] Vogtherr, Heinrich, the younger (Satrapitanus) (1490-1556). Via dolorosa (1527). woodcut. Includes a bell in a tower in the city wall. (Geisberg-Strauss, no. G.1424-25 [fine reproduction])
Other: [Me Lübeck Marienkirche] Anon., early 16th century. Grabplatte of Bartholomaus Heisegger (1517). Lübeck, Marienkirche. bronze. Includes the Christ Child striking with a hammer the clapper bell on top of a clock. (H. Jursch. "Die Glocke in der bildenden Kunst." Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 6 [1956/57 Abb. 20, after E. Wernicke. "Das Zeitglöckelein Christi." Christliches Kunstblatt für Kirche, Schule und Haus, Jg. 1891, 38-48, after a drawing by C. Milde. Lübeck, Städtischen Bibliothek)
[BI Augsburg 1482] Anon. Maurus Restores Sight to a Blind Man, from Hieronymus (St. Jerome), Vitas Sanctorum patrum, sive vitas patrum. Augsburg, Anton Sorg, 1482. fol. 174. woodcut. Includes a bell in a church tower. (IB vol. 83, Suppl., no. 1482/1049, p. 540)
[Schoen Pr] Schoen, Erhard (a.1491-1542). God's Lament for the Fate of His Vineyard/"Christus spricht" (1532). woodcut. A portative organ and a clapper bell hang from a dead/leafless tree in the background, along with censer, chalice, and other religious artifacts. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1140)
[Traut Pr] Traut, Wolf (ca.1486-1520). Christ's Farewell to His Mother (1516). woodcut. Includes a bell in a belfry. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1406)
St. Anthony: Pa Landstuhl] S. German, after 1500. St. Anthony. Landstuhl, Diozesanwaisenhaus. The saint has a clapper bell beneath a double cross in one hand, and a simple clapper bell in the other. (Die Kunstdenkmäler ... Bayern, VI:9. Munich, date not recorded. p. 322)
[Pa Oschatz Friedhofskirche] German, ca.1520. St. Anthony. Oschatz, Friedhofskirche. He has a handbell. unimp. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-93] 271 [small reproduction], Heise no. 55)
[Pa Schwabach Stiftskirche] German (Bavarian), late 15th century. Two Saints. Schwabach, Stiftskirche. One of them is St. Anthony with a bell beneath a double cross. (Stange IX, no. 123, as Meister des Feuchtwanger Altars [Workshop of Michael Wohlgemuth])
[Pa ex Zöschau] German, ca.1510. St. Anthony. ex Zöschau, Kr. Oschatz, Dorfkirche (destroyed). He has a clapper bell on his staff. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-93] 297 [small reproduction], Heise no. 77)
[Pa Zürich SLM] Swiss, ca.1520. St. Anthony. exterior left wing of an altarpiece. Zürich SLM (ex Zug, St. Oswald). The saint has a handbell. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 6: Kanton Zug II. Basel 1935. p. 249)
[Wsc Leipzig-Leutzsch] German, early 16th century. St. Anthony. Leipzig-Leutzsch, Dorfkirche. wood sculpture. He has a handbell. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-93] 269 [small reproduction], Heise no. 47)
[Wsc Lonnewitz] Grueber, Pancratius (Grossenhain Workshop) (doc. 1520). SS. Lawrence and Anthony. Lonnewitz, Kr. Oschatz, Dorfkirche. wood sculpture. St. Anthony has a handbell. unimp. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-93] 269 [small reproduction], Heise no. 50, as ca.1510)
[Wsc (ex?) Rostock Marienkirche] Anon., early 16th century. St. Anthony. Rostock, Marienkirche, Altar of St. Roch. wood sculpture. The saint has a clapper bell on a string. (J. Braun. Tracht und Attribute der Heiligen in der deutschen Kunst. Stuttgart 1943. col. 90. Notes also that the bell is a symbol of Saints Heinrich von Ebrantshaufen and Lioba.)
[Wsc Topfseifersdorf] German, 1510. Three Saints. Topfseifersdorf, Kr. Rochlitz, Dorfkirche. wood sculpture. St. Anthony has a handbell. unimp. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-93] 277 [small reproduction], Heise no. 72)
[Baegert Pa] Baegert, Jan (The Master of Cappenberg) (ca.1465-ca.1535). Saints Anthony and Thomas. Xanten, Probsteikirche St. Viktor. Saint Anthony carries a handbell. (Stange VI. fig. 110, as by Derick Baegert and Jan Baegert; G. T. van Oyen. Jan Baegert. Der Meister von Cappenberg ... Strasbourg 1972. [SdK 352] pl. XVIII, as by Jan Baegert)
[Dürer Pa] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). The so-called "Dresdner Altar." Dresden, Gemäldegalerie. There is a clapper bell in front of St. Anthony. (Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-95], 253 [useless reproduction])
[Dürer Pr] _______. St. Anthony in an Imaginary Landscape (1519). engraving. Beside the saint, a double cross with a clapper bell is planted in the ground, like a standard. (W. L. Strauss, ed. The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Dürer. New York 2/1973. no. 89, p. 189; W. Waetzold. Dürer und seine Zeit. London n.d. Abb. 135)
[Schaffner Pa] Schaffner, Martin (ca.1498-ca.1548). St. Anthony Tormented by Demons, panel from an altarpiece of the legend of St. Anthony (1517). Karlsruhe LM. The saint has a handbell. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts135 [March 2000] La Chronique des arts no. 1574, p. 28 [small reproduction])
[Weiditz Pr] Weiditz, Hans (ca.1495-ca.1537). St. Anthony. woodcut. A clapper bell hangs from his wrist. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1504, as ca.1522)
St. Gregory: [Pa Brussels MRBA] German (Cologne), ca. 1500. The Mass of St. Gregory. Brussels MRBA. An acolyte in the right foreground, with a handbell in his left hand and a long candle in his right, gives the viewer a fishy stare. (1984 catalog, inv. 1582, p. 347 [minuscule, useless reproduction], as Maître de la Parenté de la Vierge)
St. Jerome: [Dürer Pr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). St. Jerome Penitent in the Wilderness. engraving. There is a bell in a chapel belfry in the background. (W. L. Strauss, ed. The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Dürer. New York 2/1973. no. 8, p. 17 [ok reproduction], as 1496)
Other: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals.
[BI Reutlingen 1482] Anon. St. Oswald the King, from Jacobus de Voragine, Leben der Heiligen, Sommerteil. Reutlingen, Johann Otmar, 1482. woodcut. Oswald is on his throne, with a servant. There is a clapper (household) bell hanging from a beam. (IB vol. 83, no. 1482/364, p. 388)
[Pa Stuttgart WLG] Anon., 16th century. St. Benedict Sent Food by a Monk Lowering a Basket. Stuttgart LM. A hermit's bell hangs from a rock and a flying devil bangs it with a hammer. (H. Esswein and W. Hausenstein. Das deutsche Bild des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Munich 1923. p. 139; O. Fischer. Geschichte der deutschen Malerei. Munich 2/1943. p. 267)
[Wsc Bihlafingen] Anon., late-15th century. St. Theodor (Theodul/Theodulus) von Sitten. Bihlafingen, OA. Laupheim (Württ.) wood sculpture. There is a rather large clapper bell at his feet. St. Theodor von Sitten is the patron saint of bells. (J. Braun. Tracht und Attribute der Heiligen in der deutschen Kunst. Stuttgart 1943. col. 690)
[Boden Pa] Boden, Hans (doc.1517-1526). St. Theodor (Theodul/Theodulus) von Sitten (1522). Freiburg im Üchtland, Museum. Includes a devil with a clapper bell. (H. Jursch. "Die Glocke in der bildenden Kunst." Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 6 [1956/57] Abb. 34)
[Traut Pr] Traut, Wolf (ca.1486-1520). St. Augustine and the Child (1518). woodcut. Includes a bell in a chapel belfry. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1410)
[BI Strasbourg ca.1483] Anon. A Tower with an Image of Master Virgilius Holding an Apple and Other Figures Holding Bells, from Historie von den sieben weisen Meistern. Strasbourg, Heinrich Knoblochtzer, ca.1483. woodcut. Three figures around the tower ring single handbells and hold a spoon-like object in the other hand. (IB vol. 84, no. 1483/414, p. 147)
[BI Urach ca.1481] Anon. The Fox Looking up at the Bell, from Buch der Weisheit der alten Weisen. Ulrach, Conrad Fyner, ca.1481. fol. 17v. woodcut. There is a huge pellet bell hanging in a tree. (IB vol. 83, no. 1481/574, p. 101)
Alphabets: [BI Augsburg 1490] Anon. Picture Alphabet from Jacobus Publicius, Ars oratoria, epistolandi et memorativa. Augsburg, Erhard Ratdolt, 1490. woodcut. Letter O is represented by a pellet bell. (IB vol. 87, no. 1490/192, p. 181)
[Weiditz Pr] Weiditz, Hans (ca.1495-ca.1537). Letter "F," from an alphabet. woodcut. Includes a putto crawling through a bell hoop with pellet bells. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1548)
Dance of Death: [BI Heidelberg ca.1488] Anon. Der doit. Der cappellan/Death and the Chaplain from a Totentanz. Heidelberg, Knoblochtzer, ca.1488. no. xxxiv. woodcut. Death (costumed as a fool with a bell on his cap) holds a triangle. (IB vol. 86, no. 1488/677, p. 259; Hammerstein Tanz, fig. 173 , as Strasbourg ca. 1485)
[Pa Basel Predigerkloster] Anon. (formerly attr. Hans II Holbein). Death and the Fool, from the so-called Baseler Totentanz. Basel, Predigerkloster. Both Death and the fool have bells on their clothing, and Death has a sort of bracelet of bells. (Hammerstein Tanz, fig. 352-53 [Merian and Büchel copies]; MGG XI, col. 1979 [drawing after, from G. Kastner, Les danses des morts.])
[Pa Basel Predigerkloster] _______. Death and The Cardinal. Death has a clapper bell around his neck. (Hammerstein Tanz, fig. not recorded)
[H II Holbein Pr] Holbein, Hans II (1497/98-1543). Death and the Queen, from Les simulachres et histoirées faces de la mort. Lyons 1538. woodcut. Death appears as a fool with a belled cap. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 210; Hirth no. 660)
[H II Holbein Pr] _______. Death and the Priest. The priest is on his way to deliver the last rites, preceded by Death as an acolyte ringing a handbell. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 200; Hirth no. 671)
[H II Holbein Pr] _______. Death and the Abbess. There is a household (clapper) bell in a niche beside the convent door. (Hammerstein Tanz. Abb. 211; Hirth no. 664)
[Manuel Pa] Manuel, Niklaus (Deutsch) (1484-1530), Copy after by Albrecht Kauw. Death and the Widow, from a Totentanz (1516-17). formerly Bern, Französische Kirche, ehem. Predigerkloster (destroyed in 1660). Death plays a pipe and tabor. The drum has a row of pellet bells around the rim. (exh Bern, Kunstmuseum, 1979: Niklaus Manuel Deutsch ... cat. no. 111, fig. 68; Hammerstein Tanz, Abb. 187 [fine reproduction], as formerly Dominikaner Kirchhof; Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, 58: Kanton Bern Stadt, V. Basel 1969. p. 81)
Liberal Arts (Grammar): [Vogtherr Pr] Vogtherr, Heinrich, the younger (Satrapitanus) (1490-1556). "Diser Thurn zeiget kurtzlich an Wie man die jugendt leeren kan"/Allegory of Grammatica (1548). Printed by Justus Froschaur, Zurich. woodcut. Includes a towerman on top of Grammar's tower blowing a (slide?) trumpet and a clapper bell (labelled "Bassinum") hung from somewhere above the border of the illustration. (Geisberg-Strauss no. G.1430, as The Tower of Grammar; van Marle Iconographie. vol. II, p. 244 [fine reproduction])
Liberal Arts (Music): See Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts.
Life and Death: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
[Dürer Pr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513). engraving. Death's nag has a clapper bell around its neck. (J. C. Smith. Nuremberg ... Austin TX 1983. no. 17, p. 109; W. L. Strauss, ed. The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Dürer. New York 2/1973. no. 71, p. 150 [ok reproduction]; W. Waetzold. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 216; C. Eisler. Dürer's Animals. Washington DC 1991. p. 241 [ok reproduction])
[Dürer Dr] _______, ex attr. Death on Horseback. Hanover, Kestner Museum. drawing. Death's nag has a clapper bell around its neck. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 6. New York 1974. no. XW.213. A design for the stained-glass windows of the Tucher Chapel in Nuremberg's Church of St. Lawrence. The glass pane is now in Nuremberg GNM. With English translation of the inscription; C. Eisler. Dürer's Animals. Washington DC 1991. p. 231, as Dürer School, 1502)
[Dürer Dr] _______. "ME/ENTO/MEI/1505"/Death Riding a Horse (1505). London BM. drawing. Death's nag has a clapper bell around its neck. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 2. New York 1974. no. 1505/24, p. 885 [fine reproduction]; C. Eisler. Dürer's Animals. Washington DC 1991. p. 230 [detail]; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 167 [ok reproduction])
[Mair Pr] Mair, Nicolaus Alexander (Mair von Landshut) (doc. 1490-m.1520). The Hour of Death (1499). engraving. A fool, with a bell on his cap, plays a lute, a man plays a bagpipe, and Death prepares to shoot an arrow. (Hollstein [German] XXIII, no. 17, p. 109; IB vol. 9, no. 10, p. 355)
Music/Poetry/Liberal Arts: [BI Augsburg 1500] Anon. Title page of Michael Kleinspeck, Lilium Musice plane. Augsburg, J. Froschauer, 1500. woodcut. Musica holds a bell wheel (with a cock on top) and a pointer. (MGG VII, col. 782)
[BI Strasbourg 1504] Anon. Typus Musices, from Gregor Reisch, Margarita philosophica. Strasbourg, Johannes Grüninger, 1504. woodcut. Includes a figure with a clapper bell in one pan of a balance, hammers in the other. (The New Grove IV, p. 642; Musica calendar, 1977: 20 March - 2 April [fine reproduction]; Hamburger Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft 12 [1994] 260)
Playing Cards: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Fools.
[Flötner Pr] Flöltner, Peter (1485?-1546), attr. Suit of Bells. woodcut. Pellet bells. (Geisberg-Strauss G.868-873; Hirth 756-763; J. R. Crosby, Jr. Die Flötnerschen Spielkarten und andere Curiosa der Musiküberlieferung des 16. Jahrhunderts aus Franken. Wiesbaden 1967. [DTB, Sonderheft 1]; Early Music 5 [1977] 211)
[Schäufelein Pr] Schäufelein, Hans (ca.1483-1539/40). Suit of Bells. woodcut. Pellet bells. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1112-1117, as ca.1535)
Sacraments: See also Allegory, Dance of Death; Allegory, Vice/Virtue.
Temperaments (Melancholy): [Dürer Pr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). Melencholia I. engraving. Includes an unplayed clapper bell hung from a yoke, with a bell pull/rope. (R. Klibansky, E. Panofsky and F. Saxl. Saturn and Melancholy ... New York 1964. illus. 1; W. L. Strauss, ed. The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Dürer. New York 2/1973. no. 79, p. 107 [ok reproduction]; J. C. Smith. Nuremberg ... Austin TX 1983. no. 19, p. 111; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 172; exh New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery, 1986-87: The Art of Teaching ... Ed. P. Emison. no. 40, p. 77; Early Music 11 [1983] 11; Early Music 12 [1984] 179 [fair reproduction]) Note also Melancholia (after Dürer), from the title page of New Formular Teutsch ... Frankfurt am Main, Christian Egenulff, 1545. (Klibansky et al, Illus. 117)
Vice/Virtue: [BI Nuremberg 1493] Wolgemut, Michael (1434-1519). The Profane People of Utrecht, from Hartmann Schedel, Liber cronicarum/Neue Weltchronik. Nuremberg, Anton Koburger, 1493. fol. 217r. woodcut. Two couples -- preceded by a priest and an acolyte (carrying a clapper bell) going to administer the last rites -- cross a collapsing wooden bridge, accompanied by a man playing a lute. (Early Music 9 [1981] 18. Caption: "A lutenist leading men and women in a dance in the sixth age of the world. ... The accompanying text includes the sentence Cum in traiecto homines utriusque sexus super pontem coreis ac vanitatibus operam darent ['In crossing over the bridge people of both sexes give themselves over to dances and vainglory']".)
[Flötner Pr] Flötner, Peter (1485?-1546), attr. "Vom' Ebruch"/On Adultery. woodcut. A fool has bells on his cap. A woman hits him over the head with a fox (?) tail. unimp. (Geisberg-Strauss G.827)
[Schoen Pr] Schoen, Erhard (a.1491-1542). The Mountain of Lies. woodcut. Includes a clapper bell with a fox-tail clapper hung from a simple wooden frame. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1166 [fine reproduction], as 1533)
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] Anon. (perhaps the workshop of Jörg Kölderer [doc.1497-m.1540]), early 16th century. Der von Mors, from Der Freydal. Vienna OeNB cod. 2831. pl. 181. manuscript drawing. A jousting pair. One combattant has five pellet bells on his shield, bells on his costume and bells on the caparison of his horse. (Henning pl. 63)
[Gl Zürich SLM] Anon, ca.1500. Bannerträger of the Schmiederzunft in Zürich. Zürich SLM. stained glass. Includes the arms, apparently of Hans Buol of Raperswil, attached to the main subject ca.1525. The arms include a clapper ball. (J. Schneider. Glasgamälde. Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums Zürich. [Stafa 1971]. vol. 2, no. 57)
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels.
Processions: [Burgkmair Pr] Burgkmair, Hans I (1473-1531). Schalcknarren, from The Triumphal Procession of Emperor Maximilian, pl. 26. woodcut. Large pellet bells decorate the wagon. Two (?) of the fools have small pellet bells on their clothing. (Henning p. 29 [detail], p. 134 [whole]; Hirth nos. 191-192)
[Burgkmair Pr] _______. Natürlich Narren, as above, pl. 30. The horses have bells on their harnesses. Some of the fools have small pellet bells or spiral, pear-shaped bells on their clothing. There are two clapper bells dangling from garlands decorating the wagon. (Henning p. 135; Hirth nos. 195-196)
[Burgkmair Pr] _______. "Kalikutisch leut," as above, pl. 129. Includes a man walking beside an elephant playing a frame drum with bells all around it, top and bottom. He beats it with a stick in one hand, and has bells around his other wrist. (Henning p. 144; Hirth no. 277)
[Dürer Dr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). Oriental Ruler in a Chariot Drawn by a Goat, drawing in the margin of a printed book of hours (Augsburg, Johannes Schoensperger, 1513), the so-called Prayerbook for Emperor Maximilian, fol. 26v. Munich, Staatsbibliothek. drawing. Three clapper bells hang from the canopy of the chariot. (Henning p. 24 [detail], p. 150 [whole page]; W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1515/21, p. 1517 [ok reproduction]; W. L. Strauss, ed. The Book of Hours of the Emperor Maximilian the First ... New York 1974. p. 52 [color reproduction])
[Dürer Pr] _______. The Small Triumphal Car or the Burgundian Marriage, from The Triumphal Procession of Emperor Maximilian, pl. 90. Two clapper bells, each flanked by two pellet bells, hang below the wagon chassis. (Henning p. 140; W. Kurth. The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Dürer. New York 1963. no. 311, as ca.1518; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. p. 269 [ok detail], Abb. 251 [very small reproduction])
[Dürer Pr] _______. The Great Triumphal Car. woodcut (8 blocks). Horses have pellet bells on their harnesses and there is a larger pellet bell on the wagon. Originally meant to be part of the Triumphal Procession. (W. Kurth. The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Dürer. New York 1963. nos. 312-317, this no. 311. The procession doubtless planned in 1512. This carved out in 1518 and somewhat later.)
[Schäufelein Pr] Schäufelein, Hans (ca.1483-1539/40). Triumphal Procession of Emperor Charles V. pub. Nuremberg, Hans Guldenmund, 1537. woodcut. Some of the horses have bells on their collars and caparisons. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1080-1088 [fine reproductions]; Hirth nos. 739, 744 [ok reproductions])
Tournaments: See also Heraldic; Miscellaneous Figures, Animals; Miscellaneous Figures, Fools:.
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] Anon. (perhaps the workshop of Jörg Kölderer [doc.1497-m.1540]), early 16th century. Graf Engelbrecht von Nassau, from Der Freydal. Vienna OeNB cod. 2831. pl. 2. manuscript drawing. A tournament (barriers). Each of the two horses has a collar of bells. (Henning p. 69 [ok reproduction])
[J I Breu Dr] Breu, Jörg I (ca,1475/76-1537). Tournament. Los Angeles Getty. drawing. Scheibenriss. Includes three mounted trumpeters, a fool with bells on his cap and around his knees, and a horse with bells on its collar. (G. R. Goldner and L. Hendrix. European Drawings, 2: Catalogue of the Collections ... Malibu 1992. no. 120, p. 275 [fine reproduction]. Notes that the window survives [Nuremberg GNM]. Refers to H. Schmitz. Die Glasgemälde des Königlichen Kunstgewerbemuseums in Berlin. Berlin 1913. vol. I, fig. 256, as Hirschvogel workshop, after a drawing of the Dürer school, ca.1500)
[Dürer Pr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). The Foreign Tournament (Das welsche Turnier), from Freydal. Both of the horses have bells on their collars. (W. Kurth. The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Dürer. New York 1963. no. 305, as probably 1516)
[Dürer Pr] _______. The German Tournament (Das Anzogen-Rennen), from Freydal. Both of the horses have bells on their collars. (W. Kurth. The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Dürer. New York 1963. no. 304 [fine reproduction], as probably 1516; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. p. 267)
Views: [BI Augsburg 1483] Anon. View of Augsburg, from Ursprung und Anfang Augsburgs. Augsburg, Johann Bämler, 1483. woodcut. Includes two bell towers with bells. (IB vol. 84, no. 1483/2, p. 25)
Other: [Ostendorfer Pr] Ostendorfer, Michael (ca.1490-1559). Pilgrimage to the Beautiful Virgin ("Schöne Maria") of Regensburg. woodcut. There is a bell in the chapel belfry. (Geisberg-Strauss G.967 [ok reproduction], as 1520; O. Bätschmann and P. Griener. Hans Holbein. Princeton 1997. p. 94 [small reproduction], as 1519-20)
Balls (and Dances): [Leinberger Pr] Leinberger, Hans (op. ca. 1516-1530). A Dance Contest. woodcut. Male dancers in contorted poses (moresca dancers?) are accompanied by a pipe (long) and tabor player. A fool has a bell on his cap. Venus presides. very unimp for bell. (Geisberg-Strauss G. 898, p. 848 [fine reproduction], as ca. 1525; Hollstein [German] XXI, no. 27, p. 187. Considers the presiding female figure Fortuna on her globe.)
Church Music/Services: [BI Basel 1493] Anon. Mass, from Geoffroy de La Tour Landry, Ritter von Turn. Basel, M. Furter, 1493. p. 14. woodcut. Includes an acolyte with a handbell. (R. Kautzsch. Die Holzschnitte zum Ritter von Turn [Basel 1493]. Strasbourg 1903. [SdK 44] p. not recorded)
[Zeitblom Pa] Zeitblom, Bartholomäus (1455/60-1518). Benediction. Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle. Includes two acolytes, each with a handbell in one hand and a candle in the other. (J. Lauts. Meisterwerke der Staatlichen Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe. n.d. cat no. 16, pl. 18; J. Lauts. Die Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe. Hanau 1968. pl. 16)
Angels: [Pa Engelberg] Swiss, ca. 1500? Coronation of the Virgin. Engelberg, Klostermuseum (ex Sarnen). Angels play fiddle, lute and handbells. (Stange VII, no. 192, as Meister des Sachselner Altars [Lucerne]; H. Rott. Quellen und Forschungen zur südwestdeutschen und schweizerischen Kunstgeschichte im XV. und XVI. Jahrhundert, III: Der Oberrhein. Stuttgart 1938. p. 178, as attr. Nikolaus Pflechsart; R. Durrer. Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kantons Unterwalden. Zurich 1899-1928, R/Basel 1971. pl. IV opp. p. 180 [fair reproduction]; Quellen Unsere Kunstdenkmäler 16 [1965] 57)
[Pa Phoenix AM] German, ca. 1500. Angels, from a portable altar. Phoenix AM. One of the angels has a pair of pellet bells in each hand. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 137 [March 2001] La chronique des arts no. 1586, p. 42 [minuscule reproduction])
[Ta Hamburg MfKuG] German (Niedersachsen -- Kloster Lune), early 16th century. The Resurrection of Christ (Easter Tapestry). Hamburg, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe. needlework tapestry. Numerous single angels scattered about, including one striking two huge clapper bells mounted on a vertical beam. In the middle band, suns and moons alternate with twelve clapper bells. (H. Appuhn. Meisterwerke der niedersächsischen Kunst des Mittelalters. Bad Honnef/Rhein 1963. Taf. 132 [fine reproduction], as 1504; Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe. Bildführer II: Erwerbungen 1948-1961. no. 55 [reproduction too small], as 1504/05)
[Ta Hannover Kestner] German (Niedersachsen -- Kloster Lune), ca.1500. Angels. Hannover, Kestner Museum. embroidery. Numerous musical angels, including one playing a pair of handbells. (1964 catalog: Textilien I. no. 60 [poor reproduction])
[B I Bruyn Pa] Bruyn, Barthel, the elder (1493-1555). Nativity. Essen, Stiftskirche. The most prominent angel has a large pellet bell hanging from its robe. (Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 28 [1966] 23; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 35 [1973] p. 185 [detail of the woodwinds and singers -- no fiddle and lute], as 1522-25)
[Jupan Wsc] Jupan, Ludwig (ca.1465-doc.to 1538), attr. Assumption of the Virgin. Kalkar, St. Nikolai. wood sculpture. Several musical angels, including one ringing handbells. (F. Gorissen. Ludwig Jupan von Marburg. Düsseldorf 1969. [Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rheinlands, 13] fig. 196; Die Denkmäler des Rheinlandes, Kr. Kleve, 2: Kalkar. Düsseldorf 1964. Abb. 169)
[Stoss Wsc] Stoss, Veit (b. ca.1440/47-m.1533). Annunciation to the Virgin (the "Englischer Gruss") (1518). Nuremberg, St. Lorenz. wood sculpture. Angels flying above play fiddle and lute. Flanking angels play pairs of hand bells. (S. Dettloff. Wit Stosz. Wroclaw 1961. vol. II, pl. 196 [ok detail of the bell ringer at the right]; Z. K pinski. Wit Stwosz. Warsaw 1981. color pl. VI opp. p. 80 [so-so color reproduction, not good for details], fig. 148 [fine detail of the bell ringer at the right]; E. Kusch. Nürnbergischer Schatzbehalter. Kunstwerk des alten Nürnbergs. Nuremberg 1966. Abb. 20 [fine detail of one of the the angels with the handbells]; E. Lutze. Veit Stoss. Munich 1968. [DLDK] pll. 67 [sort of in situ, useless for details], 68 [fine detail of the bell ringer at the left]; G. van den Osten and H. Vey. Painting and Sculpture in Germany and the Netherlands 1500-1600. Harmondsworth 1969. p. not recorded [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 273.St69.31A[a]1D)
[Thomas von Villach Fr] Thomas von Villach (op. ca.1485). The Living Cross. Thörl-Maglern (Kärnten), Pfarrkirche St. Andrä, choir. fresco. Many musican angels, including one with handbells. (Salmen Katalog. pl. 29 [useless reproduction], as ca. 1485)
Animals: See also Allegory, Life and Death; Heraldic; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Tournaments.
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] Anon. (perhaps the workshop of Jörg Kölderer [doc.1497-m.1540]), early 16th century. Graf Engelbrecht von Nassau, from Der Freydal. Vienna OeNB cod. 2831. pl. 2. manuscript drawing. A tournament (barriers). Each of the two horses has a collar of bells. (Henning p. 69 [ok reproduction])
[Ta Basel HM] Swiss (Basel), ca.1480. Lovers and Imaginary Animals. Basel HM. tapestry. One of the imaginary animals has a large collar with 6 pellet bells. (A. Rapp Buri and M. Stucky-Schürer. zahm und wild. Basler und Strassburger Bildteppiche des 15. Jahrhunderts. Mainz 1990. cat. no. 50, pp. 218-19 [fine color reproduction]; Göbel III/1, pl. 25, as ca.1485)
[Ta private collection] Swiss (Basel), ca.1490-1500. Wildmen and Wildwomen accompanied by Allegorical Animals. private collection. Includes an elephant (more or less) with a collar with 4 clapper bells and 3 pellet bells, a unicorn with a collar with 6 pellet and 1 clapper bells, and a stag with a collar with 8 clapper bells. (A. Rapp Buri and M. Stucky-Schürer. zahm und wild. Basler und Strassburger Bildteppiche des 15. Jahrhunderts. Mainz 1990. cat. no. 65, pp. 256-57) Note also a related tapestry fragment of a Wildmann and Three Allegorical Animals (Swiss [Basel] ca.1500) (location unknown) with a unicorn with a collar with 6 pellet bells and 1 clapper bell and a stag with a collar with 8 clapper bells. (A. Rapp Buri and M. Stucky-Schürer. zahm und wild. Basler und Strassburger Bildteppiche des 15. Jahrhunderts. Mainz 1990. cat. no. 66, p. 259) There is a similar tapestry fragment of Allegorical Animals (Swiss [Basel] ca.1500) (Basel HM) (A. Rapp Buri and M. Stucky-Schürer. zahm und wild. Basler und Strassburger Bildteppiche des 15. Jahrhunderts. Mainz 1990. cat. no. 67, pp. 260-61 [fine color reproduction])
[Dürer Dr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). Nude Couple and the Devil. ex Bremen KH (stolen in 1945). drawing. Includes a pig with a clapper bell around its neck. A rather obscene illustration. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 2. New York 1974. no. 1505/29, p. 894 [ok reproduction]. Suggests it may have been intended for an illustration of the temptation of St. Anthony.)
[Dürer Dr] ________. Camel and Camel Driver, drawing in the margin of a printed book of hours (Augsburg, Johannes Schoensperger, 1513), the so-calledPrayerbook for Emperor Maximilian,fol. 42v. Munich, Staatsbibliothek. drawing. A pellet bell hangs from the camel's neck. unimp. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1515/32, p. 1539 [fine reproduction]; W. L. Strauss, ed. The Book of Hours of the Emperor Maximilian the First ... New York 1974. p. 84 [color reproduction]; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 243)
[Dürer Dr] _______. St. George, as above, fol. 23v. The saint's horse has pellet and clapper bells on its bridle and pellet bells on its caparison. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1515/16, p. 1507 [ok reproduction]; W. L. Strauss, ed. The Book of Hours of the Emperor Maximilian the First ... New York 1974. p. 46 [color reproduction]; C. Eisler. Dürer's Animals. Washington DC 1991. pp. 218 [whole page], 233 [detail, more or less the same size])
[Dürer Dr] _______. The Bohemian Trophy/A Man on Horseback (1518). Vienna Albertina no. 1850 D129 . drawing. The horse has many pellet bells on the caparison. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1518/6, p. 1715 [fine reproduction]; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 256) A fair copy (by Dürer) (Vienna KH, Ambras Album). It is clearer of the bells. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1518/7, p. 1717 [fine reproduction])
[Dürer Dr] _______. An Elderly Standard-Bearer on Horseback. Vienna Albertina no. 3157 D132. drawing. The horse has pellet bells on the bridle. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1518/2, p. 1707 [fine reproduction])
[Schäufelein Pr] Schäufelein, Hans (ca.1483-1539/40). Schellen 5, from a set of playing cards. woodcut. A horse has a clapper bell hanging from its collar. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1112-1117, as ca. 1535)
Clerics and Acolytes: See also Saints, St. Gregory; Allegory, Dance of Death; Allegory, Vice/Virtue; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor, Church Music.
[WSc Erfurt Dom] German, ca. 1480. Rabbit Hunt. Erfurt, Dom, choir stalls, north side. wood sculpture. Includes a cleric (?) with a two bells. (A. Overmann. Die älteren Kunstdenkmäler ... der Stadt Erfurt. Erfurt [pref. 1911]. p. xxvii [useless reproduction], as ca. 1400-1410; Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Sachsen, I: Die Stadt Erfurt. Burg 1929. p. 238 [detail]; Beschreibende Darstellung der älteren Bau- und Kunst-Denkmäler der Provinz Sachsen, 13: Erfurter Landkreis. Dresden 1890. opp. p. 101 [drawing after])
[Joest van Kalkar Pa] Joest van Kalkar, Jan (op.1480-m.1519), attr. The Mass of St. Peter (?). private collection. An acolyte rings a handbell. (Friedländer VIb, cat. Add.293, pl. 267, as by the Master of St. John the Evangelist)
Dancers: [Sc Innsbruck Goldenes Dachl] Türing, Niklas I (doc. 1488-m. 1517/18), attr. Musician and Seven Moresca Dancers (1500). Innsbruck, Goldenes Dachel, Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse 15 (original now in the TLA, replaced on the house by copies). sculpture. The musician has a little drum on his arm. He once also had a long pipe, now broken off. The dancers have anklets and wristlets of bells. Restored in 1671 (after the earthquake of 1670), 1782, 1898/99. (V. Griessmaier. Österreich. Vienna 1950. English/French edn. pl. 32; H. Hammer. Kunstgeschichte der Stadt Innsbruck. Innsbruck 1952. pp. 99, 101, 104; O. von Lutterotti. Grosse Kunstwerke Tirols. Innsbruck 1951. Abb. 68-71; Salmen Katalog. p. 38, as 1500-1508 [ok reproduction]; MgB III/8, p. 62 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 14 [1986] 413, 427, 443, 460; Musica calendar 1983: 23 January - 5 February [ok reproduction])
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] Anon. (perhaps the workshop of Jörg Kölderer [doc.1497-m.1540]), early 16th century. Mummerei, from Der Freydal. Vienna OeNB cod. 2831. pl. 36. manuscript drawing. Includes five moresca dancers and a fool with belts, kneelets and anklets of bells. The fool also has bells on his cap. The dancers are accompanied by players of flute and drum. (Henning p. 74)
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] _______. pl. 136. Mummerei. Includes five dancers with belts, kneelets and anklets of bells. The dancers are accompanied by players of a large fiddle and a drum. (Henning p. 81)
[Ms Vienna OeNB 2831] _______. pl. 164. Mummerei. Includes five dancing mummers with anklets of bells. They are accompanied by players of flute and drum. (Henning p. 84; Early Music 4 [1976] 323)
[Dr Basel Kunstmuseum] S. German, ca.1500. Moresca Dancers. Basel, Kunstmuseum, KsK Inv. Nr. U.VII.54. drawing. Includes a figure with a kneelet of bells and a fool with a belled cap and wristlet. (Salmen Spielmann. Abb. 123)
[Grasser Wsc] Grasser, Erasmus (ca.1450-p.1526). Moresca Dancers. Munich, Münchner Stadtmuseum (from the Altes Rathaus). wood sculpture. They have variously placed bells on their costumes. (A. Feulner and T. Müller. Geschichte der deutschen Plastik. Munich 1953. p. 337 [two of them]; E. Hanfstaengl. Erasmus Grasser. Die Moriskentänzer in München. Berlin n.d.; C.T. Müller. Meister gotischer Plastik. Munich 1932. pll. 12, 13 [two of them]; J. Müller. Studien zum Frühwerk des Bildhauers Erasmus Grasser. Die Arbeiten für das Münchner Rathaus und Altarskulptur. Diss. Munich 1970. p. [159] [minuscule reproductions]; A. Schädler. Deutsche Plastik des Spätgotik. Königstein im Taunus 1962. [Blaue Bücher] pp. 62-63 [two of them], as completed 1480)
[Hopfer Pr] Hopfer, Daniel (op. 1493-1536). A Sausage-Seller surrounded by Dancers. engraving. The dancers have anklets and wristlets of bells. They are accompanied by a shawmist. (Hollstein [German] XV, no. 82, p. 107, as copy after a Florentine print; IB vol. 17, no. 73, p. 150; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 89 [1977] 89, as Morris Dancers or Allegory of Gluttony and Drunkeness, ca.1520, with a reproduction of the Florentine print [as ca.1480], as Morris Dancers or Allegory of Gluttony)
Fools: See also Allegory, Dance of Death; Allegory, Life and Death; Allegory, Vice/Virtue; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Processions; Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Tournaments; Miscellaneous Figures, Musicians and Dancers.
[Wsc Bern Münster] Anon., 1523-25. Fool. Bern, Münster, choir stalls. wood sculpture. He has bells on his cap and sleeve and plays a clapper which may also have bells, while dancing on the head of another fool with bells on his cap as well. (W. Stauder. Alte Musikinstrmente. Braunschweig 1973. p. 168; MGG XI, Taf. 89/4) )
[Sc Innsbruck Goldenes Dachl] Türing, Niklas I (doc. 1488-m. 1517/18), attr. Fool. Innsbruck, Goldenes Dachel, Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse 15. sculpture. He has bells on his cap and perhaps on his sleeves. (H. Hammer. Kunstgeschichte der Stadt Innsbruck. Innsbruck 1952. p. 104)
[BI Augsburg 1486] Anon. Conversation Between a King and a Fool, from Hans Vintler, Buch der Tugend. Augsburg, Johann Blaubirer, 1486. woodcut. The fool holds a recorder and has tiny bells on his cap. very unimp. (IB vol. 85, no. 1486/207, p. 228)
[BI Augsburg 1486. _______. A Buffoon Before a King. The buffoon has bells hanging from his sleeves. very unimp. (IB vol. 85, no. 1486/211, p. 229)
[BI Basel 1494] Anon (sometimes attributed to Albrecht Dürer). Sebastian Brant, Das Narrenschiff. Basel, Johann Bergmann von Olpe, 1494. woodcut. Many fools with bells, most of them unimportant. Noteworthy is perhaps no. 85 ("Kann Adel, Gut, Kraft, Jugendzier/In Fried und Ruy sein, Tod, vor dir?") where the fool carries a sort of bouquet of pellet bells; and no. 41 ("Glock ohne Klöppel gibt nicht Ton,/ Hängt auch darin ein Fuchsschwanz schon:/ Geschwätz im Orh bringt keinen Lohn."), with a large clapper bell with a fox's tail for a clapper. (Sebastian Brant. Das Narrenschiff. Ed. H. A. Junghans and H.-J. Mähl. Stuttgart, 1964. Reprint with modernized spelling.)
[BI Basel 1494] _______. Tadel nicht dulden wollen (Reclam), as above, no. 54. A fool stands before a closed door in a city street, blowing his bagpipe. At his feet lie a harp, a lute, and a pair of pellet bells. (F. Winkler. Dürer und die Illustrationen zum Narrenschiff. Berlin 1951; MGG I, col. 1356; Sebastian Brant. Das Narrenschiff. Ed. H. A. Junghans and H.-J. Mähl. Stuttgart, 1964. p. 190. Reprint with modernized spelling.)
[BI Strasbourg 1512] Graf, Urs (ca.1487-1530). "Doctor Murners narre[n] b[e]schweru[n]g," from Doctor Murner, Narrenbeschwerung. Strasbourg, Matthias Hupfuff, 1512. woodcut. Includes fools with bells on their caps. (Hollstein [German] XI, no. 268, p. 125)
[BI Strasbourg 1519] Schlitzor, Erhard (doc.1516-1519). Title woodcut of Laurentius Phries (Lorenz Fries of Colmar), Tractat der Wildbeder. [Strasbourg 1519]. woodcut. A fool, bells on his cap, plays a 3-stringed fiddle. (Salmen Spielmann. Abb. 106)
[Ta location unknown] Alsatian, ca. 1500. An Aristocratic Couple Playing Chess. New York art market (1933). tapestry. Includes a fool with two large pellet bells on his cap. (Göbel III/1, pl. 75 [ok reproduction])
[Beck Pr] Beck, Leonhard (op. 1503-1542). A Fool Igniting Powder,from Theuerdank. woodcut. Bells on cap. (Henning p. 115)
[Beck Pr] _______. The Lady Cook and her Lover (i. e. Bolikana and Markolfus?). woodcut. He has pigs ears, a bird's nest on his head, and a a wickedly spiked collar hung alternately with sausages and pellet bells. (Geisberg-Strauss G.138)
[J I Breu Dr] Breu, Jörg I (ca.1480-1537). Tournament. Los Angeles Getty. drawing. Includes a prominent fool with bells on his cap and around the bottoms of his trouser legs. (J. Paul Getty Museum. Catalog of European Drawings, 2. Malibu 1992. no. 120, p. 275)
[Brosamer Pr] Brosamer, Hans (1480-1554). The Lady and the Fool. woodcut. The fool has a belled cap. (Geisberg-Strauss G.410, as ca.1530, as The Prostitue and the Fool; van Marle Iconographie. vol. II, p. 453)
[Dürer Dr] Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528). Sheet of Studies. Budapest SM. drawing. Includes fools with bells on their caps. (W. L. Strauss. The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer, vol. 3. New York 1974. no. 1513/24, p. 1371 [ok reproduction])
[Graf Dr] Graf, Urs (1485-1527?] A Fool and a Naked Woman (1523). Darmstadt HLM. drawing. The woman plays a fiddle. The fool has pellet bells around his knees. (Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 121; exh Paris Louvre, 1971: Dessins du Musée de Darmstadt. no. 31, pl. XIV; Musica calendar 1967: 5-18 February [fine reproduction])
[Hopfer Pr] Hopfer, Daniel (op. 1493-1536). "Bolikana & Markolfus"/The Fool Marcolf and his Wife Polikana. etching. They dance. He has a collar of clapper bells. She has clappers pinned to her sleeve. (IB vol. 17, no. 72, p.149; exh Amsterdam, Princeton, 1985: The Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet, or the Housebook Master ... ed. J. P. Filedt Kok. p. 207 [not exhibited], as ca.1530)
[Mair Pr] Mair, Nicolaus Alexander (Mair von Landshut) (doc. 1490-m.1520). Aristocratic Figures on a Balcony. engraving. Includes a fool with a belled cap. (IB vol. 9, no. 12, p. 357)
[Schäufelein Pr] Schäufelein, Hans (ca.1483-1539/40). Bolikana and Markolius [Markolfus]. woodcut. Markolius has a collar of clapper bells (and a bird in a nest on his head). They dance hand in hand. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1108, as Anon., as ca.1521)
[Schäufelein Pr] _______. Schellen 10, from a set of playing cards. woodcut. A fool (bells on his cap) sits on the ground, playing his pipe to a rabbit, his drum beside him. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1112-1117, as ca. 1535)
[Schäufelein Pr] _______. Schellen Prince. A fool juggles the Schellen symbol and wears bells all over: elbow, wrist, skirt, knees, ankle. As good a fool-bell example as you will ever fine. (Geisberg-Strauss G.1112-1117, as ca. 1535)
[Schoen Pr] Schoen, Erhard (a.1491-1542). The Distribution of Foolscaps (The Triumph of Folly). woodcut. Lots of caps, lots of fools, some of the fools with bells around their knees. There is also a woman hammering out bells. (IB vol. 13 Commentary, no. 1301.189, pp. 348-349; Gazette des Beaux-Arts 122 [1993] 9)
[Schoen Pr] _______. A Woman Holding a Bird and Purse with Fool on the Ground. woodcut. She is quite nude. The fool has bells on his cap. (IB vol. 13, Commentary, no. 1301.312[e], p. 554)
Musicians: [Monogrammist HWG Pr] Monogrammist HWG (op. first half, 16th century). Allegorical Garden Party. woodcut. Includes a figure playing a fiddle, pellet bells around his knees. (Geisberg-Strauss 936-1 [Geisberg G.1322, as Solis]; van Marle Iconographie. vol. I, p. 57, as by Virgil Solis; Oud-Holland 84 [1969] 71 [small reproduction], as by Virgin Solis)
Putti: See also Allegory, Alphabets.
[Ms Aschaffenburg Hofbibliothek 10] Glockendon, Nikolaus (doc. ca.1514-m.1534). Entry into Jerusalem, from the Missal of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg. Aschaffenburg, Hofbibliothek, Ms 10, fol. 116v. manuscript illumination. Two putti, above, in the upper corners of the architectural fame, have clapper bells (?) (one each) on a long cord. Foliage comes out of the bells and goes across the frame of the arch. (Aachener Kunstblätter 46 [1975] 158)
[Sc Cracow Cathedral] Vischer, Hans (ca.1489-1550), Workshop. Putto. Cracow, Cathedral, Chapel of King Sigismund, entry gate. low relief metal sculpture. The putto plays a pair of handbells. (J. Banach. Die Musik in den bildenden Künsten Polens. [Cracow] 1957. Abb. 27)
[BI Vienna 1524] Passe-partout title page border, from St. Jerome, Vita Pavli eremitae. Vienna, Joannis Singrenij, 1524. woodcut. The bottom border includes children playing flute/fife and frame drum. The drummer has kneelets of bells. Another child dances. (H. Gollob. Der Wiener Holzschnitt ... Vienna 1926. p. 73)
[Baldung Pa] Baldung, Hans (called Grien) (1484/85-1545). Coronation of the Virgin. Freiburg i. Br., Cathedral. Many musical putti, including one with pellet bells. (O. Fischer. Geschichte der deutschen Malerei. Munich 2/1943. p. 283 [fairly large but not very clear reproduction], as 1516; G. Glück. Die Kunst der Renaissance in Deutschland, die Niederlanden, Frankreich. Berlin 1928. p. 173 [fair reproduction]; I. Himmelheber. Meisterwerke des Oberrheinischen Kunst des Mittelalters. [Rhein] 1959. pl. XIV [poor color reproduction]; F. Kempf. Das Freiburger Münster. Karlsruhe 1926. p. 214 [fair reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 373.B198.31C2)
[Dürer Copy Pa] Jobst Harrich (ca.1580-1617) after Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin (the so-called Heller Altar). Frankfurt am Main SKI. Copy of a destroyed (in 1729) original of 1509. Putti at the left play lute and small clapper bell. Putti at the right play harp and pellet bell. (Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main. Gemälde des Historischen Museums Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt am Main 1957. p. 59; E. Panofsky. Albrecht Dürer. Princeton 1955. no. 8, pl. 168 [poor reproduction]; W. Waetzoldt. Dürer und seine Zeit. New York 1938. Abb. 97 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. D93.31A1)
[Master St. Bartholomew Altar] Master of the St. Bartholomew Altar (op. ca.1470-ca.1510). Virgin and Child with Angels. London NG (ex Coll. S. V. Christie Miller). Six musical putti, including one shaking pellet bells. There are also singing angels. (C. Baker and T. Henry. The National Gallery. Complete Illustrated Catalogue. London 2110. p. 436 [small, fair color reproduction], as probably mid-1480's; Apollo 105 [1977] 297 [poor reproduction], as ca. 1480-85; Burlington 128 (1986) 76 [small reproduction]; Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 23 [1961] 354; Vis. Coll. 373.M39.34[b])
Other: [Wsc Münster Dom] Brabender, Johann (ca.1498/99-1562). Bell Ringer ("Frau Hora"). Münster, Dom, astronomical clock. wood sculpture. She bangs directly on a clapper bell. (MgB III/9, Abb. 43 [ok reproduction], as ca.1543)
[Burgkmair Pr] Burgkmair, Hans I (1473-1531). The Geneaology of Emperor Maximilian. woodcut. Includes a nobleman with pellet bells hanging from his belt. (Henning. p. not recorded)
[BI Basel 1511] Graf, Urs. "Zymeln und Glocken," from Sebastian Virdung, Musica Getutscht. Basel, Michael Furter, 1511. fol. Cii. woodcut. Depicts a clapper bell, a pellet bell, and two rows of smaller clapper bells. (Facsim: Kassel 1931)
[BI Augsburg 1490] Anon. One of a series of picture aids to memory, from Ars memorativa. Augsburg, Anton Sorg, 1490. fol. 81. Includes figures playing a portative organ and a trumpet and two bells hung from a ceiling. (IB vol. 87, no. 1490/378, p. 220)
Last Judgement: [Artés Master Pa] Artés Master (Valencian, op. last quarter, 15th century). Last Judgement and Mass of St. Gregory. Sao Paolo, Museu de Arte (Wildenstein gift). A figure tumbling into Hell has a bell hanging around his neck. There are also two angels with straight trumpets. (Post VII/2, p. 895; Gazette des Beaux-Arts69 [February 1967] La Chronique des Arts no. 1176, p. 46 [ok reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 376.Ar8.39L[a])
St. Anthony: [Abadía Pa] Abadía, Juan de la (Master of Almudevar) (doc.1471-1490). Scenes from the Life of St. Anthony. private collection. In four of the panels there is depicted a small, rural chapel with a bell in its little belfry. (Post VIII/2, p. 460 [small reproduction])
[Cabanyes Master Pa] Cabanyes Master (doc.1507), attr. St. Anthony. private collection. The Saint has a clapper bell dangling from his left index finger. (Post VI/2, p. 413)
[Master of San Pedro Pa] Master of San Pedro, (op. late-15th-early 16th century). St. Anthony Enthroned. Noguera, Teruel, Bishop's Palace. The Saint has a clapper bell on a stick. (Post XIII, p. 43)
Other: [Martín de Soria Pa] Martín de Soria (doc.1471-1487). St. Michael's Rescue of the Woman and Child at Mont St. Michel. Barcelona MAC. Includes a bell in the belfry of a small chapel in the background. (Post VIII/1, p. 322)
Fools: [BI Burgos 1499] Anon. The Ship of Fools, from Sebastian Brandt, Stultiferae Naves. Burgos, Fadrique de Basilea, 1499. woodcut. A female fool plays a lute. A male fool plays a harp. The various fools have bells on their caps, collars, sleeves, hems, hoods and around their waists. (D. B. Updike. Printing Types ... Cambridge MA 1966. vol. I, opp. p. 108)
Nativity: [G Ferrari Pa] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546). Virgin and Child with Saints/Nativity. Vercelli, S. Cristorofo. Two clapper bells hang outside. (Vis. Coll. 372.F414.19[a]5)
Virgin, Life of, Other: [Ferrari Collaborator Pa] Ferrari, Gaudenzio (1471/81-1546), Collaborator. Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple. Busto Arsizio, S. Maria di Piazza. Includes a figure ringing a handbell. (L. Mallé. Incontri con Gaudenzio ... Turin 1969. no. 246, as ca.1540-41)
Other: [Palma Vecchio Pa] Palma Vecchio (1480-1518). Virgin and Child with SS Francis and Jerome and a Female Donor. Rome, Galleria Borghese. Includes a bell in the belfry of a church in the background. (Berenson Venetian. vol. 2, pl. 911, as before 1500)
St. Anthony: [Pr Anon.] N. Italian, ca.1500. The Hermit Saints Anthony and Paul. engraving. Includes a clapper bell hung between the branches of a barren tree beside a hermitage. (Hind Early Italian Engraving. E.III.78, pl. 454)
[Lanzani Fr] Lanzani da San Colombano, Bernardino (doc.1490-1526), attr. The City of Pavia (1522). Pavia, San Teodoro. fresco. In the foreground St. Anthony gives a blessing and holds a staff with a clapper bell. (Gazette des Beaux-Arts 107 [1986] 58 [detail, ok of the saint])
[Luini Pa] Luini, Bernardo (ca. 1481/2-1532). Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Anthony and Barbara. Milan Brera. A rather mannerist angel in front of the throne plays a lute (repainted?). St. Anthony has a clapper bell on a staff. unimp. (L. Beltrami. Luini. Milan 1911. p. 319 [poor reproduction]; Vis. Coll. 372.L966.34[b])
[Moretto da Brescia Pa] Moretto da Brescia (ca.1498-1554). St. Anthony of Padua with Two Other Saints. Brescia, Pinacoteca Tosio e Martinengo. One of the other saints is St. Anthony Abbot with his clapper bell. (G. Gombosi. Moretto da Brescia. Basel 1943. pl. 32)
[Piero di Cosimo Pa] Piero di Cosimo (1460-1521). The Visitation, with Saints Nicholas and Anthony Abbot. Washington DC NGA. Saint Anthony's bell is on the ground. unimp. (M. Bacci. L'opera completa di Piero di Cosimo. Milan 1976. pl. V)
[Pinturicchio Fr] Pinturicchio, Bernardino (ca.1454-1513). Aeneas Piccolomini introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III. Siena, Duomo, Libreria Piccolomini. fresco. Includes two bells in a bell tower. (C. Ricci. Pinturicchio ... his Life, Work and Time. Transl. F. Simmonds. London 1902. p. 193 [ok reproduction])
Alchemy: [Beccafumi Pr] Beccafumi, Domenico (1485/86-1551). The Founding of Bells and Cannons, one of ten woodcuts on alchemical themes. woodcut. Two bells hang from the foundry ceiling. (M. Fagiolo dell'Arco. Il Parmigianino ... Rome 1970. fig. 320, with reference to G. F. Hartlaub. "De Re metallica." Jahrbuch der preussischen Kunstsammlungen 1939. pp. 103-110; Jursch 1956/57. Abb. 2, as School of Parmigianino; Connoisseur 181 [1972] 180 [ok reproduction])
Love and Sex: [Pr Anon.] NE Italian, last quarter, 15th century. A Sexual Allegory. engraving. A couple copulates on a bench. There is also a large, relatively headless bird with a pellet bell around it's neck. (Hind Early Italian Engraving. E.III.29 [ok reproduction]; J. Levenson et al. Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art. Washington 1973. p. 527)
Triumphs: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals.
See also Miscellaneous Figures, Animals.
[Raphael Pa] Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) (1483-1520). Portrait of Pope Leo X and Cardinal Giulio de' Medici and Cardinal Luigi de' Rossi. Florence Pitti. Includes a handbell (household bell) on the table. (G. du Logu and G. Marinelli. Il ratratto nella pittura italiana, I. Bergamo 1975. pp. 299 [color reproduction], 301 [splendid color detail of the bell]; O. Fischel. Raphael. Berlin 1962. pl. 147; S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 429; C. Gamba. Pittura umbra del rinascimento: Raffaello. Novara 1949. pl. 15; Jursch 1956/57. Abb. 15; J. Pope-Hennessy. Raphael. New York 1970. p. 125; Connoisseur 181 [1972] 181 [dark reproduction]; Early Music 15 [1987] 30 [ok reproduction]; Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 [1975] 137) Painting after this by Andrea del Sarto (1486-1531) (Naples Capodimonte). (du Logu and Marinelli, p. 193, as after 1522) Copy by Ludovico Buti (Florence, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi). (Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 [1975] 130)
[Sebastiano del Piombo Pa] Sebastiano del Piombo (1485-1547). Portrait of Cardinal Bandinello Sauli, his Secretary and Two Geographers (1516). Washington DC NGA (Kress). Includes a handbell (household bell) on the table. (S. J. Freedberg. Painting of the High Renaissance in Rome and Florence. Cambridge MA 1961. fig. 460; S. R. McKillop. Franciabigio. Berkeley 1974. fig. 99; F. R. Shapley. Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools XV-XVI Centuries. London 1968. fig. 399; Apollo 110 [1979] 51)
[Giorgione Fr] Giorgione (ca. 1476-1510). Frieze with Attributes of the Liberal Arts. Castelfranco, Casa Marta-Pellizari. fresco. Includes a board with pellet bells fastened to it (to shake) among the numerous unplayed musical instruments. (T. Pignatti. Giorgione. London 1971. fig. 62)
Battles: [Michele da Verona Pa] Michele da Verona (ca.1470-ca.1540), attr. Battle. Venice Correr. Includes a clapper bell in the top of a free-standing tower. (Schubring Cassoni. no. 680, pl.CXLVII)
Animals: [Riccio Workshop Sc] Riccio (1460/75?-1532) Workshop. Goat. New York Frick. sculpture. The goat has a clapper bell hanging from its neck. (The Frick Collection. An Illustrated Catalogue. Vol. 3: Sculpture. Italian. New York 1970. p. 113)
[Titian Pa] Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (ca.1487/90-1576). The Vendramin Family. London NG. The dog has pellet bells on its collar. Trivia. (R. Pallucchini. Tiziano. Florence 1969. pl. XXXIV, as ca.1547)
[Jacopo da Strasbourg Pr] Jacopo da Strasbourg (op. ca.1504). "Trivmphvs Caesaris"/Triumph of Julius Caesar (1503). woodcut. Includes a "unicorn" with pellet and clapper bells on its harness and caparison and a dog with pellet bells on its collar and on a strap around its middle. (A. Martindale. The Triumphs of Caesar by Andrea Mantegna in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Hampton Court. London 1979. fig. 74)
Fools: [Pr Anon.] Italian (probably Florentine), first half, 16th century. Portrait of Pietro Aretino with Border Designs in Early Florentine Style. engraving. Includes fools with belled caps. unimp. (Hind Early Italian Engraving. A.I.87, pl. 82)
[Jacopo da Strasbourg Pr] Jacopo da Strasbourg (op. ca.1504). "Trivmphvs Caesaris"/Triumph of Julius Caesar (1503). woodcut. Includes a fools with bells on their costumes. (A. Martindale. The Triumphs of Caesar by Andrea Mantegna in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Hampton Court. London 1979. figs. 73, 75)
[BI Milan 1492] Anon. "Pytacora"/Phthagoras, from Franchino Gafori, Theorica musice. Milan, Filippo Mantegazza, impensa Io. Petri de Lomatio, 1492. woodcut. Includes "Pytacora" (twice) making measurements with clapper bells (numbered 16, 12, 9, 8, 6 and 4) and glasses of water. (Besseler Musik. p. 44 [ok reproduction]; Jursch 1956/57. Abb. 27; Komma p. 76; Winternitz Musical Instruments. pl. 57b [fuzzy reproduction]; MGG I, col. 739 [ok reproduction]; Imago musicae 7 [1990] 45; Imago musicae 9-12 [1992-1995] 183 [minuscule reproduction]; Early Music 18 [1990] 200 [a drawing (no location), perhaps made after the woodcut])
Jursch 1956/57 = H. Jursch. "Die Glocke in der bildenden Kunst." Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 6 [1956/57)