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Overview
Dr. Gardner received his B.S. in Civil Engineering in 1989 from Union College, his M.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering in 1991 from Clarkson University, and his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering in 1996 from Clarkson University.
Before coming to UNH, he was an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at Case Western Reserve University from 1996-1999, and the George B. Mayer Assistant Professor from 1998-1999.
He presently is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and the Director of the Environmental Research Group, as well as the UNH Co-Director of the Recycled Materials Resource Center and the Director of the Contaminated Sediments Center.
Dr. Garner's research focuses on Sustainability Science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology, and contaminated sediments management.
Research Projects
Geochemical Weathering Reactions in Granular Byproduct Materials
Funding: Recycled Materials Resource Center / Federal Highway Administration
Description: This project focuses on the mechanisms by which leaching behavior is altered during chemical weathering of recycled materials.
Leaching of metals is one of the primary concerns related to the beneficial use of byproduct materials, but is a phenomenon that will change significantly over time as glassy, amorphous materials from high-temperature processes weather to form more stable secondary minerals. This project is being undertaken to understand how leaching is effected, what the kinetics of the pertinent reactions are, and how estimates of long-term contaminant release are impacted. The materials that are being investigated include coal fly ash, coal bottom ash, aluminum dross, and municipal solid waste incinerator bottom and fly ash.
Graduate Student: Bob Carter
Investigation of Mechanisms of Surfactant-Induced Hydraulic Conductivity Changes in Soil Flushing Operations
Funding: National Science Foundation
Description: A major concern with the use of surfactant flushing to mobilize non-aqueous phase liquids in aquifers is specific mineral-surfactant interactions which may effect significant permeability changes in the soil formation. Soils are being investigated for loss of permeability upon flushing with solution containing a number of nonionic and anionic surfactants. Surfactant / clay interactions are being further investigated as the cause of the permeability reductions, both from transport/rearrangement and swelling.
Graduate Student: Chris Berg
Related References:
Gardner, K.H., M. S. Arias, "Clay Swelling and Formation Permeability Reductions Induced by a Nonionic Surfactant," Environmental Science and Technology 34(1), 160-166 (2000).
Development of Reuse Alternatives for the Management of Dredged, Contaminated Sediments.
Funding: Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology
Description: This research is investigating the potential to beneficially use contaminated sediment dredged for navigational purposes as an alternative mineral source for the manufacture of cement. We are working with Blue Circle Cement, in Ravena, NY, the NYS DEC, US EPA, and US ACOE on this research, and are planning to expand this research to a full-scale demonstration project in 2001-2002.
Graduate Student: Mindy Weimer
Related References:
Gardner, K.H., B. Magee, J. Dalton, L. Roberts "Beneficial Use of Dredged Sediments as a Partial Feedstock Material in Portland Cement Manufacture," Conference on Options for Dredged Material Disposal Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. December, 2000.
Development of Application-Specific Source Term /Fate/Transport Models and Approaches for Recycled Materials Use in the Highway Environment.
Funding: Recycled Materials Resource Center / Federal Highway Administration
Description:This project is being conducted to answer the following questions:
How should States decide whether a secondary material is safe for use in different types of applications?
What are the risks associated with using a byproduct that may have some elevated levels of contaminants, and how can this risk be quantified? Should the TCLP be used to provide a best estimate of concentrations of contaminants in leachates, or are there approaches that will more accurately assess this?
Graduate Student: Defne Apul
Coating of Diatomaceous Earth Filter Media with Hydrous Oxides for the Removal of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors and Arsenic.
Funding: Water Treatment Technology Assistance Center / Environmental Protection Agency
Description: Many utilities are being faced with having to remove NOM and arsenic to increasingly stringent levels. This research will investigate the efficacy of coating DE with various types of sorbents to remove As and NOM.
Graduate Student: Mark Arenberg
In-Situ Reactive Wall Formation with Colloidal Materials.
Description: These projects are focused on putting reactive barrier walls in place by colloid deposition. The advantages are that much less material is required and deep contamination or inaccessible areas are not a problem as they are with trench and backfill approaches.
Related References:
Bower,K.C., K.H. Gardner, C.M. Miller, and L. Kong, "In-Situ Colloidal MnO2 Deposition and Ozonation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene," Environmental Engineering and Science (In Press).
Gardner, K.H., C.M. Miller, L. Kong, "Placement of a Colloidal-Catalyst In Situ Reactive Treatment Wall," Second International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California May 22-25, 2000.
Miller, C. M., K. Bower, S. Duirk, and K. H. Gardner, "Metal Oxide-Coated Sand-Catalyzed Ozonation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene," Second International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May 22-25, 2000
Selected Publications
Sharma, B. K.H. Gardner, J. Melton, A. Hawkins, G. Tracey, “Effect of Humic Acid on Adsorption of Polychlorinated Biphenyls onto Organoclay,” Environmental Engineering Science (In Press).
Sharma, B. K.H. Gardner, J. Melton, A. Hawkins, G. Tracey, “Comparison of Performance of Activated Carbon and Organoclay as Reactive Cap Sorbents for Adsorption of PAH in Presence of Humic Acid,” Soil and Sediment Contamination: an International Journal (In Press).
Sharma, B. K.H. Gardner, J. Melton, A. Hawkins, G. Tracey, “Interferences Caused by Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid and NOM Present in Pore Water on Performance of Activated Carbon for Sequestration of Organic Contaminants,” Environmental Science and Technology (Submitted).
Bhatt, M.P., T. Masuzawa, M. Yamamoto, K.H. Gardner, “Spatial variations in chemical compositions along Langtang–Narayani river system in central Nepal, Environmental Geology DOI 10.1007/s00254-008-1325-x (2008).
Liu, J., Xu, D., Xiong, L., Hills, C., Carey, P., Gardner, K.H., “Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils,” Journal of Environmental Sciences Volume 20, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 593-598
Rauch, L. and K.H. Gardner, “Treatment of Dioxin/Furan and PCN Contaminated Sediments with Palladized Magnesium,” Chemosphere (submitted).
Watts, A.W., T.P. Ballestero, K.H. Gardner, “Soil and Atmospheric Inputs to PAH Concentrations in Salt Marsh Plants,” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 189 (1-4): 253-263 (2008).
Bhatt, M., K.H. Gardner, “DOC dynamics and trace metals chemistry along the heavily urbanized basin in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal" Environmental Geology (In Press).
Hadnagy, E., L. Rauch, K.H. Gardner, “Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Naphthalenes and Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Magnesium-Palladium Bimetallic Particles,” J. of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering A42 (2007).
Gardner, K.H., G.M. Nystroem, and D.A. Aulisio, “Leaching Properties of Estuarine Harbor Sediment Before and After Electrodialytic Remediation,” Environmental Engineering Science, 24(4): 424-433 (2007).
Carpenter, A.C., K.H. Gardner, J. Fopiano, C. H. Benson, T. Edil, “Life Cycle Based Risk Assessment of Recycled Materials in Roadway Construction,” Waste Management: International Journal of Integrated Waste Management, Science and Technology 27: 1458-1464 (2007).
Apul, D.S., K.H. Gardner, T.T. Eighmy, “Modeling Hydrology and Reactive Transport in Roads: The Effect of Cracks, the Edge, and Contaminant properties,” Waste Management: International Journal of Integrated Waste Management, Science and Technology 27: 1465-1475 (2007).
Chakraborti, R.K., K.H. Gardner, J. Kaur, J.F. Atkinson, “In-situ Analysis of Flocs,” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology – AQUA. Special issue: New Developments in Particle Separation. 56(1): 1-11 (2007).
Yatsalo B, Kiker GA, Kim J, Bridges TS, Seager TP, Gardner K.H., Satterstrom FK, Linkov I., “Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Tools to Two Contaminated Sediment Case Studies.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 3(2): 223-233 (2007).
Gardner, K.H., C.J. Tsiatsios, J. Melton, T.P. Seager, “Leaching Behavior of Estuarine Sediments and Cement-Stabilized Sediments in Upland Management Environments,” Waste Management 27: 1648-1654 (2007).
Seager, T.P., K.H. Gardner, J. Lambert, “Fostering innovation in contaminated sediments management through multi-criteria technology assessment and public participation,” Risk Analysis. 27(4): 1043-1052 (2007).
Pellegrini, F., C.D. Hills, P.J. Carey, K.H. Gardner, A. Maries, “Sorption and desorption of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn from carbonated Portland cement,” Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105(4) p. 185-190, (2006).
Seager T.P., Rogers S.H., Gardner K.H. 2006. Multicriteria decision analysis as a framework for combining expert knowledge and public values: A case study in contaminated sediments management. In Environmental Security and Environmental Management: Role of Risk Assessment edited by Morel B, Linkov I. Springer, Amsterdam.
Linkov, I., F.K. Satterstrom, G. Kiker, T.P. Seager, T. Bridges, K.H. Gardner, S.H. Rogers, D.A. Belluck, A. Meyer, “Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: A Comprehensive Decision Approach for Management of Contaminated Sediments,” Risk Analysis 26(1): 61-78 (2006).
Watts, A., Ballestero, T.P., Gardner, K.H. 2005. “Uptake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Salt Marsh Plants Spartina Alterniflora Grown in Contaminated Sediments” Chemosphere 62: 1253-1260 (2006).
Apul, D.S., Gardner, K.H., Eighmy, T., Comans R., Fallman A-M. “Simultaneous application of dissolution/precipitation and surface complexation / precipitation modeling to contaminant leaching from weathered steel slag” Environmental Science and Technology 39(15); 5736-5741 (2005).
Antemir, A., C.D. Hills, P.J. Carey, J. Spear, K.H. Gardner, D.I. Boardman, C.D.F. Rogers, “Performance assessment of stabilized/solidified waste-forms: initial results from site characterization, sampling, and testing,” In Stabilization/Solidification Treatment and Remediation: Advances in S/S for Waste and Contaminated Land, A. Al-Tabaa and J.A. Stegemann. A.A. Balkema Publishers, New York: 133-137, (2005).
Apul, D.S., K.H. Gardner, T.T. Eighmy, E. Linder, T. Frizzell, R. Roberson, “Probabilistic modeling of one dimensional water movement and leaching from highway embankments containing secondary materials," Environmental Engineering Science 22(2): 156-169 (2005).
Apul, D.S., K.H. Gardner, T.T. Eighmy, “A review of roadway water movement for beneficial use of recycled materials,” in The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Water Pollution Series (Volume 5): Environmental Impact Assessment of Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials on Surface and Ground Waters: Chemodynamics, Toxicology, Modeling and Information System, T. A.T. Aboul-Kassim and K.J. Williamson, Editors, Springer-Verlag (2005).
Dalton, J.L., K.H. Gardner, M.L. Weimer, J.C. Spear, T.P. Seager, B.J. Magee, “Properties of Portland Cement Made From Contaminated Sediments,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 41, 227-241 (2004).
Gardner, K.H. and Apul, D.S. "Influence of colloids and sediments on water quality," in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Aleksander Sabljic Ed., developed under the auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK (2004).
Grants
“In Situ Wetland Restoration Demonstration,” Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (PI for UNH, US Navy Project PI), 2008-2011: $941,000.
“Impacts of in situ Treatment of Contaminated Sediments on the Benthic Communities of the Cocheco River, New Hampshire,” New Hampshire Sea Grant, 2008-20010: $130,000.
“Recycled Materials Resource Center,” Federal Highway Administration, June 2007-May 2011: $4.26 million
“Reactive Capping Mat Development and Evaluation for Sequestering Contaminants in Sediments,“ Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (PI for UNH, US Navy Project PI), April 2006-March 2009: $1.1 million
“Sediment Technology Test Site,” Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (NOAA): Sept. 06-Aug. ’11: $1,319,601.
“Developing a Critical Mass of Ph.D. Students In Sustainable Engineering” UNH Research Office and Graduate School, 2007-2010: $300,000.
“Environmental and Economic Issues with Recycling Construction and Demolition Debris,” President’s Excellence in Research Awards, 2006-2007: $50,000 (Co-PI with Jambeck, Halstead).
“The Recycled Materials Resource Center,” Federal Highway Administration, October 2005-May 2007: $1.3 million.
“Evaluation of the Industrial Waste Management Evaluation Model for Highway Beneficial Use Applications: US EPA, March 2005-March 2006: $35,000
“Development of Updated Guidelines for the Beneficial Use of Foundry Sands, Coal Ash, and Construction and Demolition Debris,” US EPA, October 2005-September 2007: $100,000.
“Sustainable Highways Through Use of Carbon Sequestering Construction Materials,” Federal Highway Administration: Sept. 2004-Sept. 2005: $93,440.
Teaching Interests
- CIE 745/845 Engineering Hydrology
- Ecohydrology
Biography
- Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 1997
- M.S. Civil Engineering, Tufts University, 1993
- ScB Electrical Engineering, Brown University, 1987
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Coastal Engineering,
University of Florida, Oct 1997-2003
Head Teaching Fellow, College of Engineering, Cornell University, 1995-1996
Teaching Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell
University, 1993-1994
Teaching Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts
University, 1992-1993
Environmental Consultant, Eastern Research Group, Arlington, Massachusetts,
1989-1993
Consultant, Boston Systems Group, Boston, Massachusetts, 1987-1989
Graduate Students
Click on the students' names to view their bios.
Current
Deana Aulisio
Cyndy Carlson
Jay Clausen
Scott Cloutier
Courtney Goldstein
Philip Nuss
Shannon Rogers Keegan
Graduated
Irina Calante
Alberta Carpenter
Bob Carter
Carolina Gonzalez
Emese Hadnagy
Jennifer Leipold
Linda Rauch
Bhawana Sharma
Christopher Tsiatsios
Don Wise
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