Broad Domain of Concern A Pressing Need for Knowledge Four Primary Goals

Challenges to Law Enforcement The CCRC Agenda CCRC History, Funding and Staff

A Broad Domain of Concern

The CCRC is concerned with children and adolescents, from birth through age 17, and all their crime  victimizations, both within and outside the family, both known and unknown to law enforcement. 
These include:

	Criminal acts as defined by law, such as sexual assault, abduction, theft, robbery, and aggravated  assault against children
	Child abuse in all its forms--physical, sexual, emotional--and child neglect
	Child-to-child violence, such as peer and sibling assaults, which would be considered criminal if  the parties were adults
	Indirect victimization, where children witness or are affected by the crime victimization of a family member or friend

A Pressing Need for Knowledge

Children and adolescents have among the highest rates of conventional crime victimization and, 
in addition, suffer from some crimes like sexual abuse and family abduction specific to childhood. 
Despite enormous publicity about crime and youth, however, this high vulnerability is seldom mentioned. 
The disproportionate number of youthful offenders is much more widely recognized than the 
disproportionate number of victims.

	Youth 12-17 are two to three times more likely than adults to be the victims of an assault, robbery,  or rape, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey1.
	Nearly half of all rape victims are girls under the age of 182.
	Child protection agencies substantiate more than one million cases of child maltreatment annually3.
	Children are three times more likely than adults to be seriously assaulted by members of their families4.
	Children are subject to crimes not suffered by adults, such as child neglect, molestation, and family abduction.

Crimes against children also deserve special attention because of their different and potentially more severe consequences:

	The large number of crimes perpetrated against children by family members threatens  the crucial formative environment of childhood by disrupting and distorting important  family relationships.
	Victimization can derail normal, healthy child development. It can affect personality formation,  have long-term mental health consequences and impact academic performance.
	Research has consistently shown that exposure to crime and violence places children at risk  for serious delinquency.
	Because of their dependency, children can suffer irreparably when parents are traumatized by  crime victimization and domestic violence.

Four Primary Goals

The Crimes against Children Research Center proposes four primary goals to comprise a comprehensive 
and feasible policy for child victims within the criminal justice system.

	Greater recognition of the extent of victimization among the children who come within the purview  of the justice system by improved history taking, assessment, record keeping, and exchange of information
	Enhanced protection of child crime victims from continued victimization and from unnecessary  trauma and discomfort associated with the workings of the justice system
	Universal rehabilitation of child crime victims through services and programs to aid in recovery  and minimize long term effects on development
	Greater public accountability by evaluating the impact of the justice system's policies and  programs on children

Challenges to Law Enforcement

The investigation and prosecution of crimes involving children and adolescents pose special challenges for law enforcement--problems related to the immaturity of children, their vulnerability to intimidation,  the prejudices of judges and juries, and the frequent involvement of family members as perpetrators.

The justice system has contact with juvenile victims in five main contexts, sometimes explicitly in the  role of victim and sometimes in other roles:

	Young crime victims whose testimony is crucial in criminal investigations and prosecutions, including  sexually and physically assaulted and abducted children, as well as children who witness domestic and street crimes
	Victims of child abuse and neglect involved in child protection actions
	Children exposed to domestic violence or family abductions, whose parents are involved with the  criminal justice system
	Juvenile criminal offenders, who frequently have histories of crime and abuse victimization
	Juvenile status offenders, who also tend to have histories of crime and abuse victimization

The passage of young victims through the justice system at these various levels provides opportunities to  identify them and provide them with help. The CCRC is committed to develop knowledge that will  assist the creation of appropriate programs and policies for these young people.

The CCRC Agenda

The Crimes against Children Research Center is undertaking a variety of important tasks to promote  knowledge and improve strategies for preventing crimes against children and helping victims and families.

1. Policy reports on key current issues

There is a pressing need for knowledgeable experts to summarize and disseminate research on key policy issues.

2. National and local statistics on crimes against children

	The CCRC will promote the inclusion of data about crimes against child victims in all national  crime statistics.
	The CCRC will help generate child victimization data using the new National Incident  Based Reporting System.
	The CCRC will test ways in which crime victimization information for all children can be  collected via self-report and caretaker report.

3. Tools for practitioners and researchers

The CCRC will create, test, and disseminate developmentally appropriate screening instruments to assess exposure to crime and violence usable in both research and practice settings, such as  school guidance offices, pediatric clinics, and battered women's shelters.

4. Promoting crime reporting and help-seeking

The CCRC is committed to developing strategies to promote reporting of crimes against  children and the provision of services to child victims and their families.

5. Evaluating state-of-the-art prevention and intervention programs

Hundreds of programs to prevent child victimization have been created for schools and families.  The CCRC will assist school administrators, law enforcement officials, and parents to select  among effective programs.

6. Training practitioners and researchers

The CCRC will organize courses and workshops for law enforcement and child welfare  practitioners, as well as fellowships for researchers and graduate students.

7. Monitoring and interpreting trends

The CCRC will draw attention to new developments and trends by publishing briefing papers, disseminating research, and discussing its implications.

CCRC History, Funding, and Staff

The Crimes against Children Research Center was created in 1998 at the University of New Hampshire.  It grew out of and expands upon the work of the Family Research Laboratory, which has been  devoted to the study of family violence and related topics since 1975. Associated with the Center is an  internationally recognized group of experts who have published numerous books and articles  concerning the incidence and impact of violence against children.

CCRC staff have contributed to many pioneering national crime studies, including:

	National Incidence Study of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children
	National Family Violence Survey
	National Youth Victimization Prevention Survey
	National Survey of Sexual Abuse in Day Care
	Developmental Victimization Survey
	Youth Internet Safety Survey
	Second Youth Internet Safety Survey
	Multi-Site Evaluation of Children's Advocacy Centers