• Demo:

  $ ~pas/bin/demo.setup

• What it does (or did):
  

• pwd -- prints current working directory

  $ pwd

• cd -- changes current working directory

  $ cd demo $ pwd

  • A .. means ``up one directory''.
  • A . means ``current directory''.

    $ cd .. $ pwd $ cd .. $ pwd

  • A cd with no args means ``go home''.

    $ cd $ pwd

  • You can also give absolute or relative path of the directory to which you want to go.

• ls -- list directory contents
  • Some Examples:

    $ ls $ ls -l $ ls -a $ ls -al $ cd demo $ ls -l $ ls -lR $ ls -bart -simpson -is -cool

  • You can also give filenames or directory paths to ls to do other than the current directory.

    $ ls humor $ ls -l humor $ ls -ld humor $ ls -l humor/bloopers.txt

• A (short) digression on more shell metacharacters

  *

  stands for a string of 0 or more characters (period is not special).

  ?

  stands for any single character

  ~

  stands for ``my home directory''

  ~pas

  stands for ``Paul's home directory''

  $ ls r* $ ls ???? $ ls ~/demo/humor $ ls -l ~pas

• cat -- displays contents of (text) files

  $ cat junk $ cat temp $ cat junk temp $ cat rights-of-man

• more or less -- displays file contents nicely

  $ more rights-of-man $ less rights-of-man

  In both pagers:

  q

  quits

  space

  displays next screenful

  h

  help screen

• wc -- counts lines, words, characters

  $ wc rights-of-man $ wc r* $ wc -l r* $ wc -w r*

• mkdir -- creates a directory

  $ mkdir tdir $ ls -l $ ls -l tdir $ ls -la tdir

  
• mv -- renames (or moves) file(s)

  $ mv junk precious $ ls

  

  $ mv tdir src $ ls

  

  $ mv precious temp src $ ls -lR

  

  $ mv humor src $ ls -lR

  

  $ mv -i rights-of-man readme

• cp -- copies file(s)

  $ cp hello.c hi.c $ ls -l

  

  $ cp hello.c hi.c src $ ls -lR

  

  $ cp -i hello.c rights-of-man

• rm -- removes file(s)

  $ rm hello.c $ ls

  

  $ rm src/*.c $ ls src

  

  $ rm src/humor/* $ ls src/humor

  

  $ rm -i rights-of-man*

• rmdir -- removes (empty) directories

  $ rmdir src/humor

  

  $ rmdir src $ rm -rf src $ ls -l

  
• lpr -- prints files

  $ lpr -Pansi rights-of-man $ lpq -Pansi $ lpr -Ppostscript file.ps

• Another digression on file modes (aka permissions)

  001 --------x - other execute
  002 -------w- - other write
  004 ------r-- - other read
  010 -----x--- - group execute
  020 ----w---- - group write
  040 ---r----- - group read
  100 --x------ - user execute
  200 -w------- - user write
  400 r-------- - user read
  
  1000 --------t - sticky bit
  2000 -----s--- - set group-id bit
  4000 --s------ - set user-id bit
  

  -- have slightly different semantics for files vs. directories.

• chmod -- changes mode of file(s)

  $ ls -l $ chmod 666 hi.c $ chmod 711 src $ chmod 600 rights-of-man $ ls -l $ chmod go+r rights-of-man $ chmod go+r src $ chmod go-r hi.c $ ls -l

• umask -- shows/alters default file/directory creation mode

  $ umask $ umask 077 $ mkdir tdir $ touch tdir/tfil $ ls -lR

• ln -- makes links to files (hard or soft/sym)

  $ ln rights-of-man hlink $ ls -li $ ln -s hi.c hello.c $ ls -l

  Restrictions/Notes:

  • Can't hard link between different disk partitions.
  • Can't hard link directories.
  • File is ``really'' gone only after its last hard link disappears.
  • You can remove the target of a symlink, and break it.
  • They're confusing!
• man -- displays manual pages for specified command

  $ man ls

On to vi ...or... if you are an EVE (TPU) user, we recommend you check out Emacs.