Full-Scale Implementation of UV in
Ground Water Disinfection Systems
Project Team:
			Indianapolis Water Company
			South Berwick, Maine Water District
			Black & Veatch
			UNH-ERG


     
Project Funding:
 
			AWWARF/EPRI-CEC


Presenter:
  
			James P. Malley, Jr., Ph.D.
			(603) 862-1449
			jim.malley@unh.edu

Project Rationale

• Upon Implementation of the Ground Water Disinfection Rule Approximately 169,000 Water Systems Will Need To Comply
  
  
• USEPA Estimates That As Many As 100,000 of These Systems Could Use UV
  
  
• USEPA Cites “The Lack of A Firm Database on UV System Efficiency in Various Water Conditions” as a Major Barrier
  
  
• 46 of 50 States Do Not Have Guidelines for the Implementation of UV in Ground Waters

Project Objectives

• Provide data to Eliminate Regulatory Barriers to UV usage for Ground Water Disinfection
  
  
• Reliability and Applicability
  
  
• Costs and Availability
  
  
• Provide an Economic Analysis of using UV in the US at the Full-Scale for Ground Water
  
  
• Develop UV Engineering and Operating data to aid in Selection, Design and Operation of UV
  
  
• Obtain Operator Feedback and Suggestions
  
  
• Provide Technology Transfer to All Parties

Project Approach

• Convene a Volunteer Technical Oversight Panel of EPRI, AWWARF, USEPA, and Ten State Public Health Officials: Ex: IN, ME, CA, FL, MT, NY, NJ, PA, TX, WA
  
  
• Install Full-scale Medium Pressure UV in Indianapolis and Full-scale Low Pressure UV in South Berwick, ME
  
  
• Develop Monitoring Protocols With Input From All Concerned Parties
  
  
• Monitor all Aspects of These Systems for a Minimum of One Year
  
  
• Sponsor a Two-Day Technology Transfer Meeting at Each Full-Scale UV Site

Project Schedule

MWW-MEETING			PROGRESS

Summer 1997			Contracts in Place,
				Advisory Input Begun

Fall 1997			UV Plants Designed,
				Installation Proceeding

Winter 1998			Monitoring, Data Collection and
				Analysis, On-going

Summer 1998			Performance and Costs Being
				Analyzed and Reported

Fall 1998			Nearing 1 Year Mark, Data
				Analysis Continuing

Winter 1999			Tech. Transfers Conducted
				Final Report Preparation




Contract Status

Role of Participating Utilities

• Provide Site and Daily Operations
  – Flow and Power Monitoring
  – Routine Operation and Maintenance
  
  
• Provide Owner/Operator Feedback
  – Daily Operator Log Books/SCADA Inputs
  
  
• Assist With On-Site Tech. Transfer Meetings
  
  
• Laboratory Analyses
  – IWC (as appropriate) ?

Communication Amongst Team

• Contacts for Each Team Member
  – Generate at Today's Meeting
  
  
• Flow of Information
  – QUESTIONS/DATA/TROUBLESHOOTING:
  – IWC ==> B&V ==> UNH-ERG or TROJAN
  – SBWD ==> UNH-ERG ==> TROJAN or B&V
  
  
• SAMPLES
  – IWC MAY RUN THEMSELVES
  – IWC ==> UNH-ERG
  – SBWD ==> UNH-ERG

Communication With Advisors

• PAC <==> AWWARF <==> UNH-ERG
  
  
• AWWARF <==> EPRI-CEC <==> UNH-ERG
  
  
• UNH-ERG <==> OTHER PROJECT MEMBERS
  
  
• TAC <==> UNH-ERG
  
  
• UNH-ERG <==> AWWARF <==> EPRI-CEC
  
  
• UNH-ERG <==> OTHER PROJECT MEMBERS
  
  
• PAC and TAC List On Handout

Deliverables

• Updates at MWW Program Meetings
  
  
• Appropriate EPRI-CEC Reports
  
  
• Two Technology Transfer Meetings
  
  
• AWWARF Quarterly Progress Reports
  
  
• AWWARF Final Report
  
  
• Presentations at AWWA Meetings
  
  
• Publications in Professional Journals

Project Web Site

Monitoring Program

• Flexible and Responsive
  
  
• System Performance
  – Lamp Life, UV Sensors, Fouling, Cleaning,
  – Telemetry
  – Microbial Tests: Coliforms, HPC’s, Enteric Viruses, and MS-2 Virus
  – Power, Parts and Labor Costs
  
  
• Simulated Distribution System Effects
  – Re-growth Changes
  – Tastes and Odors
  – Disinfection By-Products

Monitoring Protocols

PARAMETER				FREQUENCY			ANALYSTS

UV Sensors				Daily				Plant

Flow & Power								Operators Log

Cleaning and				Daily				Plant
Maintenance				Operators Log

Hours of 				Daily				Plant
Operation				Operators Log

Parts and				Monthly				Plant Staff
Labor Costs




Microbial Monitoring Protocols

PARAMETER				FREQUENCY			ANALYSTS

Total and Fecal				Weekly to			Std. Methods
Coliforms				Monthly				UNH-ERG+

MS-2 Phage				Weekly to			Literature
					Monthly				UNH-ERG+

Human Enteric				Monthly to			IRC Method
Viruses					Quarterly			UNH-ERG

Regrowth on				Monthly to			Literature
pipe coupons				Quarterly			UNH-ERG

HPC and
coliforms


+Assistance from IWC if possible.




Water Quality Monitoring

PARAMETER				FREQUENCY			ANALYSTS

Turbidity, pH				Daily to			Std. Methods
and Temperature				Weekly				Plant Staff

UV Scan and				Weekly to			Std. Methods
UV254					Monthly				UNH-ERG+

Hardness, Iron				Quarterly			Std. Methods
and Manganese								UNH-ERG+

D/DBPs					Quarterly			ICR Method
									UNH-ERG+


+Assistance from IWC if possible.

UV Dosage Selection

• The Key Decision (cost, size, timing)
  
  
• Approach 1: Set at EPA Cost Bounds of Either 40 or 140 mW-sec/cm2
  
  
• Approach 2: Set at empirical value to achieve 4 log inactivation of human virus
  
  
• Approach 3: Set based on log removal of MS-2 virus (99%, 99.5%, 99.9%)
  
  
• Approach 4: Set for Parody with exiting health practices
  
  
• Selecting UV Dosages for Study